628:, an obsolete weapon that was largely phased out during 1862, because he wanted his men to be able to fire buck-and-ball shot (a .69 caliber musket ball with four smaller balls), which produced a shotgun effect in close-range combat and could not be used with rifles. The three original New York regiments carried Model 1842 muskets all through the AoP's campaigns and battles in 1862–63, using buck-and-ball shot with deadly effect in the Sunken Road on September 17, 1862 at Antietam and in the Wheatfield on July 2, 1863, at Gettysburg. The two light companies of each NY regiment were issued with either Springfield Models 1854 (A rifled modification of the Model 1842 musket), 1861, 1863 or
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645:
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641:. Ordnance records also indicate that the New York regiments received the newer weapons as well. In any case, by 1864, officers had at last realized the power of rifles and firing was now typically being done from distances of up to 200 yards. There are relatively few complaints on record from the enlisted men about their outdated muskets, although one veteran of the 88th New York recalled that "we were sometimes at a disadvantage because of the short range" and that he had to pick up a discarded rifle from the field at Antietam to deal with Confederate skirmishers.
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769:, and instead of supporting renewed assaults on the Confederate left at the West Woods, the Irish Brigade found itself facing the center of the Confederate line, entrenched in an old sunken farm road. The brigade again acted conspicuously, assaulting the road, referred to after the battle as "Bloody Lane". Several Irishmen would be awarded the
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Richard C. Enright. The 88th was numbered out of sequence after the
British 88th Connaught Rangers, and was the 2nd Regiment Irish Brigade. After Chancellorsville, the new Brigade Commander, Col Patrick Kelly of the 88th, formed these "core" NY regiments, now together only numbering 220 effectives,
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Leading up to the Battle of
Gettysburg, the brigade recovered several hundred of its injured from Fredericksburg and was able to field nearly 600 men - in reality, barely at regimental size. At Gettysburg, the brigade distinguished itself in the Wheatfield under the command of Col. Kelly as the 2nd
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Meagher assumed his brigade would perform most fighting at close range where smoothbores were effective and his officers generally agreed. The majority of the soldiers continued to use their Model 1842s through the
Overland Campaign until the depleted outfit was temporarily broken up in June 1864.
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support for the Union. Many Irish were divided between supporting the
Confederate States in their struggles for independence or to preserve the Union, which gave the Irish a set of rights and freedoms under the Constitution but which they had to struggle to obtain. There were also concerns by some
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minority for the Union cause. Several officers were permitted to purchase and carry non-regulation model 1850 Staff and Field officer's swords bearing a large four-leaf clover pierced into the hand guard. Having their own paid
Catholic chaplains within the brigade implied a social acceptance for
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for dismantling some fence rails under fire. Although unsuccessful, the brigade's attack gave supporting troops enough time to flank and break the
Confederate position, at the cost of 60% casualties for the Irish Brigade. the outdated Springfield muskets came in use when they used Buck n' Ball,
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where its fighting force was reduced from over 1600 to 1036. The brigade was involved in the northern battleground at
Fredericksburg where they assaulted the sunken road in front of Marye's Heights. The brigade advanced under heavy fire, but, staying resolute, it got close to Confederate lines;
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Leaders of the
Federal Government were reluctant to form ethnically based brigades, which would undermine the notion of a Union. However, by mid-1861 the formation of an ethnically based, Irish brigade served two purposes for the North. First of all, it warned
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descendants. Massachusetts had pledged to provide an Irish regiment, intending to send the 28th
Massachusetts, but that Irish regiment was not complete when the Army of the Potomac went into action. Instead, the next available unit, the 29th, was sent.
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There were three core regiments of the Irish
Brigade, the 69th, 88th, and the 63rd. The 69th New York Volunteers, was largely made up of the pre-war 69th New York Militia, a unit which first gained notoriety prior to the Civil War, when Colonel
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rifles and with these sniped at Pettigrew's command during Pickett's Charge. The 28th Massachusetts (which joined in October 1862) had Enfield rifles and were with the 6 Company, NY "Light Battalion" often detailed for skirmishing duty.
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took the offensive, moving into Maryland. McClellan and the remainder of Army of the Potomac were rushed north. The brigade's new recruits, approximately a tenth of the number that Meagher had hoped to raise, joined the unit at
563:, the Captain of Company K, applied to have the 69th New York Volunteer Militia reorganized into Federal service as the core unit of a larger brigade composed predominantly of Irish immigrants. Meagher was promoted to
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on the Peninsula and Meagher gained permission to recruit in New York to replenish the brigade's losses. While other units were transferred to northern Virginia during the summer of 1862 to fight under Gen.
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After the Battle of Fredericksburg, Gen. Meagher again requested to recruit the brigade back to strength. This time the request was denied. In May 1863, the brigade sustained further casualties at the
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Before the full five regiments of a typical brigade could be raised, the unit was called to combat. In March 1862 the brigade, composed of the 63rd, 69th, and 88th New York regiments, was assigned to
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Irish about a flood of freed slaves migrating north and competing for the lowly jobs for which they already had to scrabble. An ethnically based brigade would thus solidify the support of the largest
481:. The 63rd New York Volunteers, known as the "Third Irish" was composed mainly of the Irish in "the Old 9th" New York Militia and several hundred Irish recruited in Boston. The 63rd was organized by
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alternate history trilogy of the Civil War,the Irish Brigade is featured in the battle up the Hudson Valley against the British in the first book. It is featured prominently in the second book,
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The lineage of the Irish Brigade has been officially assigned to "Fighting 69th" of the New York National Guard, which is the only currently active military unit that formed part of it.
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however, due to staggering casualties the brigade pulled back. A shattered shell of its former self. The 69th would lose 112 effective soldiers, The 88th would suffer 121 effectives.
575:, but he escaped to San Francisco CA). Gen. Meagher's battle sword, made by Tiffany & Co, is now on permanent exhibit at the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park.
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A Second Irish Brigade was reformed from the old Irish Brigade of the 63rd, 69th, and 88th New York, 116th Pennsylvania, and 28th Massachusetts Regiments as well as the addition of the
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While continuing to serve with distinction, casualties continued to increase and by June 1864 the Irish Brigade had been reduced to regimental size, and its commander
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The Irish Brigade distinguished itself from the rest of the Army of the Potomac by Meagher's insistence on arming the eight line companies of each NY regiment with
449:. The 29th was never fond of being brigaded with three Irish "Fenian" regiments from New York and soon after the Battle of Antietam the 29th was replaced by the
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Despite their divergent backgrounds, the 29th Massachusetts and the rest of the brigade fought well together, earning plaudits for hard campaigning during the
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The song "By the Hush", from the album of the same name by Andy M. Stewart, mentions the Irish immigrants fighting under Gen. Meagher during the Civil War.
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killed. The U.S. Army disbanded it and incorporated the remaining elements of the brigade into the 3rd and 4th Brigades of the 1st Division, II Corps.
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when the Civil War erupted. As the Army needed as many men at arms as quickly as possible, the charges were dropped and the Army rushed the 69th to
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and designated the brigade's commander. Before the war, he was a leading agitator for Irish independence. A visible participant in the failed
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his service in the New York 69th Regiment during the Civil War. He gives no details, but gives the impression that the outcome was not good.
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includes songs specifically about or referring to the Irish Brigade, Thomas Francis Meagher, and Michael Corcoran. The second album
453:, made up mostly of Irish immigrants. Soon after that, the City of Philadelphia offered a regiment to the brigade and soon after the
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544:, and was one of the few Union regiments to retain cohesion after the defeat, despite the wounding and capture of Col. Corcoran by
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released a song called 'Clear The Way (December 13, 1862)' about the Irish Brigade's involvement in the Battle of Fredericksburg.
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if Britain intervened (most of the brigade's leadership were known Irish revolutionaries). Secondly, it served to solidify
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Becoming American under Fire: Irish Americans, African Americans and the Politics of Citizenship during the Civil war Era
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The unit was the original intended subject of a song, "Kelly's Irish Brigade", which was later adapted to refer to a
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390:, or the "Fighting 69th," continued in later wars. The Irish Brigade was known in part for its famous war cry, the "
1096:, the character, Dylan Leary, states that he served in the Irish Brigade's 88th infantry in the American Civil War.
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1103:" is based on the Irish brigade. Titled “Irish Melody,” the story follows the protagonists as they discovers that
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878:, the Irish influence in the regiment had diminished somewhat, but the regiment served with distinction in the
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445:. The three New York regiments were soon joined by a predominantly "Yankee" regiment from Massachusetts, the
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This article is about the unit of the United States Army during the Civil War. For other Irish Brigades, see
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Meagher and the Irish Brigade, as well as the charge at Marye's Heights, are featured in the novel and film
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arranged and performed two albums of Civil War era songs about Irish soldiers in the Civil War. The first
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1298:(1986) ed. Lawrence Frederick Kohl with Margaret Cosse Richard .New York: Fordham University Press.
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The Greatest Brigade: How the Irish Brigade Cleared the Way to Victory in the American Civil War
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was added to the brigade, bringing the total number of regiments in the Irish Brigade to five.
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features a variety of songs about Irish soldiers on both the Union and Confederate sides.
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Many songs have been written about the Irish Brigade exploits during the civil war.
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which turned the musket into a shotgun, which was very effective at close range.
571:, he was afterward tried and sentenced to death (commuted to life imprisonment in
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The New York Herald, (New York, NY) Tuesday, July 23 and Thursday, July 25, 1861
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In 1963 President Kennedy presented Ireland with a flag of the Irish Brigade.
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The 116th Pennsylvania was separated from its fellow regiments and finally got
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933:, a 1940 WWI film based on the Irish Brigade successor unit based in New York.
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from 2004-2005. The unit fought in and around Baghdad, most notably securing
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suffered more combat dead than the Irish Brigade during America's Civil War.
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The New York Herald, (New York, NY) Friday, November 15, 1861; pg. 5; col C
1129:"The Irish Brigade", Virginia Center for Civil War Studies at Virginia Tech
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which had eluded them in the antebellum period. Their head chaplain was
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The New York Herald, (New York, NY) Tuesday, July 02, 1861; pg. 8; col C
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28th Massachusetts regimental color, presented by Gen. Thomas F. Meagher
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were 493. After Malvern Hill, the Army of the Potomac languished at
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The brigade suffered its most severe casualties in December at the
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540:(First Manassas), the regiment served under the command of Colonel
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1191:"John F. Kennedy honours the 69th Irish Brigade of New York, 1963"
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961:, who earned the Medal of Honor at Chancellorsville in May 1863).
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552:'s rear guard during the disorganized retreat to the defenses of
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Irish Green and Union Blue: The Civil War Letters of Peter Welsh
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On September 17, 1862, the Union and Confederate armies met at
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Since 1907, the Fighting 69th has been a unit of the New York
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History of the war for the union, civil, military & naval
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Units and formations of the Union Army from New York (state)
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Irish Brigade The Story of the 38th (Irish) Brigade, 1941-47
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Monument at Antietam National Battlefield, dedicated in 1997
386:. The designation of the first regiment in the brigade, the
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in September 1861. The brigade originally consisted of the
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Chaplains of the Irish Brigade, Fr. Corby front row, right
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1st Battalion, 69th Infantry served with distinction in
712:, the Irish Brigade remained on the Peninsula with Gen.
699:. The total casualties for the Irish Brigade during the
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The formation of an Irish Brigade was authorized by the
1206:"The Stories Behind the Songs: 'Kelly's Irish Brigade'"
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The Irish Brigade in the Civil War, Joseph Bilby pp 147
1053:." It uses the melody of "The Star of the County Down."
1017:
Confederate unit from Missouri with an Irish commander
421:
36:
U.S. Civil War unit mainly composed of Irish Americans
1222:
69th New York State Volunteers Historical Association
765:. Command confusion led to the disjointed use of the
1358:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
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suburbs, and companies from it have since served in
671:. While the Army of the Potomac crept slowly toward
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that there could be Union-supported consequences in
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into a single battalion under the flag of the 88th.
981:before going into battle at Gettysburg in the film
736:, in time to march in pursuit of the Confederates.
1274:
1083:, concerning the invasion of Ireland in that book.
1041:The Irish band Wolfe Tones recorded a song called
882:as part of the 27th "New York" Infantry Division.
1353:Military units and formations established in 1861
517:race among the Irish Brigade, March 17, 1863, by
1334:
473:refused an order to parade the regiment for the
797:Brigade of the 1st Division (Brigadier General
744:Brigade Monument at the Gettysburg battleground
1232:Irish Volunteers: History of the Irish Brigade
617:to the troops of the Irish Brigade before the
153:"Who never retreated from the clash of spears"
124:29th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
1105:Irish are fighting in the American Civil War
485:Patrick Daniel Kelly and later commanded by
1099:The 66th album of the Belgian comic strip "
866:was awarded to regiment members, including
1253:
525:Col. Corcoran was in the process of being
949:who had served in The Irish Brigade as a
1107:for the Union and the Confederacy alike.
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410:, of all Union army brigades, only the
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1242:Civil War Battles of the Irish Brigade
667:as the 2nd Brigade and shipped to the
1237:Irish Brigade "Fearless Sons of Erin"
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1321:Irish Brigade Monument at Gettysburg
1281:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1118:
451:28th Massachusetts Infantry regiment
129:28th Massachusetts Infantry regiment
1227:28th Massachusetts Regiment Website
1204:Kincaid, David (January 19, 2013).
914:
613:. He became famous for his giving
609:priest and future president of the
422:Formation and subordinate regiments
394:" which is an anglicization of the
24:
1316:Irish Brigade Monument at Antietam
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25:
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1309:
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254:Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse
955:the Congressional Medal of Honor
331:Battle of Appomattox Court House
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61:
973:The brigade is shown receiving
1254:Craughwell, Thomas J. (2013).
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1147:
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959:St. Clair Augustine Mulholland
842:The "Fighting 69th" fought in
374:, consisting predominantly of
279:Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road
151:Riamh nár dhruid ó spairn lann
13:
1:
1273:Samito, Christian G. (2009).
1111:
639:Model 1861 Springfield rifles
626:Model 1842 smoothbore muskets
477:during the latter's visit to
1065:, American heavy metal band
903:and the surrounding area of
829:4th New York Heavy Artillery
825:7th New York Heavy Artillery
7:
850:. For bravery displayed in
455:116th Pennsylvania Infantry
284:First Battle of Deep Bottom
274:Second Battle of Petersburg
264:Battle of Totopotomoy Creek
133:116th Pennsylvania Infantry
10:
1374:
1140:Evert Augustus Duyckinck,
1081:Stars and Stripes in Peril
1045:which was then covered by
787:Battle of Chancellorsville
229:Battle of Chancellorsville
207:Battle of Savage's Station
26:
1035:The Irish American's Song
721:Second Battle of Bull Run
548:. The 69th served as the
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239:Battle of Bristoe Station
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1008:henchman discusses with
779:Battle of Fredericksburg
723:(Second Manassas), Gen.
611:University of Notre Dame
538:First Battle of Bull Run
249:Battle of the Wilderness
224:Battle of Fredericksburg
52:September 1861–July 1865
1258:. New York: CRESTLINE.
827:(later replaced by the
719:After Pope's defeat at
1127:Craughwell, Thomas G.,
868:William Joseph Donovan
811:Gettysburg Battlefield
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745:
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603:Fr. William Corby, CSC
561:Thomas Francis Meagher
522:
521:. Digitally restored.
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443:88th New York Infantry
439:69th New York Infantry
435:63rd New York Infantry
406:. According to Fox's
388:69th New York Infantry
353:Thomas Francis Meagher
212:Battle of Malvern Hill
202:Battle of Gaines' Mill
120:88th New York Infantry
116:69th New York Infantry
112:63rd New York Infantry
953:and had been awarded
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743:
647:
505:
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269:Battle of Cold Harbor
1343:Irish Brigade (U.S.)
1210:The Wild Geese Today
1075:In Harry Harrison's
1059:On their 2017 album
942:, Ward Bond plays a
759:Sharpsburg, Maryland
619:Battle of Gettysburg
378:, who served in the
259:Battle of North Anna
234:Battle of Gettysburg
88:(Volunteer Infantry)
1101:Les Tuniques Bleues
1051:The Gang's All Here
1029:The Irish Volunteer
807:Winfield S. Hancock
714:George B. McClellan
665:Army of the Potomac
550:Army of the Potomac
511:Army of the Potomac
509:celebration in the
507:Saint Patrick's Day
412:1st Vermont Brigade
190:Battle of Fair Oaks
975:general absolution
763:Battle of Antietam
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705:Harrison's Landing
701:Peninsula Campaign
687:; most notably at
685:Seven Days Battles
669:Virginia Peninsula
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615:general absolution
546:Confederate forces
542:William T. Sherman
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498:American Civil War
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447:29th Massachusetts
384:American Civil War
321:Sutherland Station
294:Boydton Plank Road
219:Battle of Antietam
197:Seven Days Battles
185:Peninsula Campaign
180:American Civil War
18:Irish Brigade (US)
1304:978-0-8232-1164-7
1288:978-0-8014-4846-1
1265:978-0-7858-3055-9
1077:Stars and Stripes
1049:on their album '"
1043:The Fighting 69th
967:Gods and Generals
957:(likely based on
930:The Fighting 69th
569:Rebellion of 1848
565:brigadier general
408:Regimental Losses
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244:Mine Run Campaign
16:(Redirected from
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1047:Dropkick Murphys
915:In popular media
848:Rainbow Division
831:in early 1865).
799:John C. Caldwell
689:Savage's Station
559:After Bull Run,
471:Michael Corcoran
428:Secretary of War
392:Faugh a Ballaugh
316:White Oak Bridge
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360:Military unit
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1212:. GAR Media.
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730:Tennallytown
718:
697:Malvern Hill
682:
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558:
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524:
519:Edwin Forbes
515:steeplechase
467:
425:
416:Iron Brigade
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364:
362:
299:Hatchers Run
150:
38:
33:
939:Fort Apache
927:starred in
925:Pat O'Brien
909:Afghanistan
901:Route Irish
844:World War I
176:Engagements
139:Nickname(s)
1337:Categories
1112:References
1067:Iced Earth
984:Gettysburg
977:from Rev.
607:Holy Cross
554:Washington
441:, and the
380:Union Army
350:Brig. Gen.
346:commanders
339:Commanders
126:(formally)
1022:Musician
1006:Pinkerton
801:) of the
761:, in the
710:John Pope
573:Australia
108:regiments
86:U.S. Army
997:Deadwood
852:Lorraine
803:II Corps
767:II Corps
734:Maryland
693:Glendale
673:Richmond
661:division
594:Catholic
531:Virginia
398:phrase,
369:infantry
170:Garyowen
147:Motto(s)
97:Infantry
1093:Warrior
944:cavalry
905:Baghdad
677:Puritan
663:in the
630:Enfield
585:Ireland
581:Britain
536:At the
491:Colonel
382:in the
372:brigade
367:was an
344:Notable
57:Country
1302:
1285:
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862:, the
858:, and
695:, and
483:Lt Col
437:, the
158:Colors
75:Branch
66:
49:Active
951:major
874:. By
489:then
487:Major
396:Irish
166:March
161:Green
106:Five
1300:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1260:ISBN
923:and
897:Iraq
870:and
605:, a
414:and
363:The
103:Size
93:Type
1090:'s
1088:HBO
1086:In
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20:)
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