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1939:
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730:) was protesting compulsory hijab in the afternoon on a utility box; the police asked her to come down and the woman refused and questioned the police what her crime was, the police replied "disturbing the peace". Then, as she was violently ejected by the police, she was injured and her leg was broken.
705:
Photos shared on social media shows that the government was placing an inverted v-shaped iron structure on the utility boxes so as to inhibit anyone standing on top of the boxes. She was sentenced to two years in prison in addition to an 18-year suspended prison term. In addition, she stated that she
817:
On 15 February 2019, the morality police attempted to arrest two girls for improper hijab in the Narmak area of Tehran and were met with resistance from bystanders. A group of people gathered around the van, breaking the windows, tearing the door off, and freeing the two girls inside. A video from
394:
started in early 2017. Other women later re-enacted her protest and posted photos of their actions on social media. These women are described as the "Girls of
Enghelab Street" and the "Girls of Revolution Street" in English sources. Some of the protesters however claim that they were not following
992:
stated on 14 February 2018 that she was against compulsory hijab but she did not support Masih
Alinejad's lead on the movement. She believed that Alinejad was trying to connect all protests inside the country to her own by telling the government that the protesters were receiving orders from
567:
On 29 January 2018, a woman was arrested in Tehran after reenacting
Movahed's protest by standing on the same utility box in Enqelab Street, taking off her white Hijab, and holding it up on a stick. Photos posted on social media show that at least three other women reenacted
843:
On
International Women's Day (8 March), groups of women in Tehran appeared unveiled and protested the oppression of women. A video showed two unveiled women holding a red sign, which read "International Women's Day is a promise of a just world for all of humanity", on a
1076:
on 24 January 2018 called on the
Iranian government to free the arrested woman unconditionally. On 2 February 2018 Amnesty International repeated their statement to release six human rights defenders including protester Shima Babaei, who was arrested on 1 February
791:
protested after a morality police van entered the campus and attempted to arrest several women for improper hijab. Videos showed a student standing in front of the van, attempting to block its exit, which lead to the driver of the van attempting to run her over.
628:
According to Nasrin
Sotoudeh, the Iranian lawyer, Narges Hosseini known as the second girl of Enghelab street, who is 32 years old was unable to pay the US$ 135,000 bail set by the judge presiding over her case, facing a possible 10 years in prison and up to 74
449:
Article 639 of the same book says, two types of people shall be sentenced one year to ten years' imprisonment; first a person who establishes or directs a place of immorality or prostitution, second, a person who facilitates or encourages people to commit
804:, and removed her headscarf in protest to the compulsory hijab. She was arrested minutes later by the police. On 14 April 2019, it was revealed that she was Vida Movahed, the original Girl of Enghelab Street, that was protesting for the second time.
1684:
932:) disappeared in Tehran during the 2022 Iranian protests following the death of Mahsa Amini. Her family was informed of her death ten days later. She had died under suspicious circumstances suspected to involve violence by security forces.
3183:
381:
who tied a white headscarf, to a stick, and waved it to the crowd as a flag. She was arrested on that day and was released temporary on bail a month later, on 28 January 2018. Some people interpreted
Movahed's action as being based on
886:
In August 2019, Iranian civil rights activist Saba Kord
Afshari was sentenced to 24 years behind bars, including a 15-year term for taking off her hijab in public, which Iranian authorities say promoted "corruption and prostitution".
2408:
2277:
3590:
433:
of 1979, article 638 of the 5th book of
Islamic Penal Code, called "Sanctions and deterrent penalties", states that women who do not wear a hijab may be imprisoned from ten days to two months and/or required to pay fines from
506:
An independent survey by GAMAAN conducted in 2020 showed that 58% of
Iranians did not believe in hijab altogether, and 72% were against compulsory hijab rules. Only 15% insisted on the legal obligation to wear it in public.
4052:
3706:
2340:
1218:
1321:
700:
The original utility box that Vida Movahed and other protesters stood on top of, located in the Enghelab–Vesal Junction in Tehran. It has since been altered by the government to prevent protesters from standing on its
502:
On 2 February 2018, a poll conducted by the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) showed that a few Iranians agreed with "changing Iran's political system or relaxing strict Islamic law".
488:, which were met by government assurances that the statement was only a recommendation. Hijab was subsequently made mandatory in government and public offices in 1980, and in 1983 it became mandatory for all women.
2015:
877:
gathered to protest the increasing pressures to obey the mandatory headscarf rule. Plainclothes vigilantes attacked students who were protesting. Students also carried signs demanding freedom and free elections.
1579:
1087:, issued a statement on 2 February 2018 condemning "the reported arrests of at least 29 individuals for exercising their human rights and fundamental freedoms by standing up against the compulsory hijab."
1003:
said that choosing their own clothes is the simplest right that women could have. Her reaction to the video of Azam Jangravi's arrest was "Which one has more sin, the hairs of Azam Jangravi or that man's
1674:
1545:
599:
On 30 January 2018, several more women, but also men, protested against the compulsory hijab law by reenacting Movahed's protest. This took place in Tehran, as well as other cities as well including
1048:
The Ghanoon (The Law) Newspaper published a main page article on 24 February 2018 written by Mehrshad Imani, titled "Let's not call hijabless people prostitutes," based on Article 639 of the law.
985:
said on 11 February, the 39th anniversary of Islamic Revolution, that under the article 59 of the constitution, any conflicts in Iranian society could be resolved with a constitutional referendum.
3911:
1090:
On 6 February 2018, a campaign on social media with the hashtag #NoHijabDay trended, with women from around the world burning their hijabs in solidarity with Iranian women forced to wear hijab.
3193:
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on 4 February 2018 said that some of the arrested women were on "synthetic drugs"; he also declared that if it was proven that their protests were organized, their crime would be much heavier.
2536:
1351:
3941:
2400:
1612:
2269:
3223:
647:
New photos and video shared on social media shows another woman re-enacting Movahed's protest on the same street, Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) on 15 February 2018 was identified as
1411:
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1510:
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1718:
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1317:
2599:
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2775:
2011:
1755:
3446:
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461:
These are some of the laws under which some protesters were charged. During the Iranian revolution in 1979, the veil was used as a way to protest Pahlavi's government.
2916:
1030:, an Iranian Shia cleric reacted to the arrests on 22 February 2018 by saying that hijab was a requirement in Islam, while questioning the act of forcing it on people.
3851:
2562:
1571:
753:) was protesting compulsory hijab on Saturday, 24 February 2018 when suddenly she was attacked by an unknown security force, her arm was broken and she was arrested.
542:, the human rights activist and lawyer who has also been arrested, found out that the woman is 31 years old and was arrested on the spot with her 19-month-old baby.
4026:
2470:
1815:
3972:
3535:
1844:
774:, with more than 600,000 followers. Her videos were shared by hundreds of people. Several Iranian women posted videos of themselves dancing to protest her arrest.
3591:"سید مهدی طباطبایی: در بحث حجاب شاهد لجبازی بین برخی مردم و مجریان هستیم/ ساز و کار اعتراض در کشور به طور واقعی روشن نیست/ فقها سعی کنند استقلال حوزه را حفظ کنند"
3010:
1442:
1240:
3999:
3680:
2805:
1476:
210:
1537:
1960:
1648:
2632:
1034:
3070:
2879:
4204:
1162:
485:
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1289:
4401:
4353:
4306:
2246:
3903:
1931:
2853:
2526:
1343:
1037:
officially warned on 23 February 2018 that the punishment of removing hijabs was of up to 10 years of imprisonment, based on Article 639 of the law.
3933:
1604:
1094:
860:
On 11 March 2019, a man stood on a box on Enghelab street and waved a white scarf on a stick. He was arrested on the scene by the security forces.
3215:
426:
2949:
1403:
788:
499:, the research arm of the Iranian President's office, and was titled "Report of the first hijab special meeting" in July 2014 in a PDF format.
3873:
1502:
3815:
766:
On 8 July 2018, Iranian teenager Maedeh Hojabri was arrested after she posted videos of herself dancing to Western and Iranian music on her
4571:
2306:
659:
and has taken no orders from someone either inside or outside the country, she said she has done that to protest against compulsory hijab.
4576:
3557:
3412:
3245:
2495:
1781:
4245:
1710:
4140:
2430:
1157:
2380:
935:
Many women demonstrators have defiantly taken off their hijabs and burned them in bonfires or symbolically cut their hair in protest.
651:, videos shows that the police took her down aggressively. According to her latest Instagram picture, she said that she was a part of
2979:
3624:
2591:
3650:
2689:
771:
3793:
3360:
3100:
438:
50,000 to Rls.500,000. Fines are recalculated in the courts to index for inflation. This has been translated and published by the
4411:
4406:
2767:
1745:
1988:
3442:
4506:
3728:
3153:
2363:
2219:
2180:
2135:
2095:
2906:
960:, said on 31 January 2018 that there was no compulsory hijab in Iran, since women would show up wearing whatever they liked.
4541:
4531:
4358:
4348:
3847:
2558:
896:
953:
reacted to the protests on 31 January 2018 by calling them "trivial" and "childish" moves that were incited by foreigners.
510:
Iran is the only country in the world that requires non-Muslim women to wear a headscarf. For example, in January 2018, a
4276:
4022:
3335:
2460:
1807:
3964:
3527:
3131:
1840:
4566:
4561:
3002:
1434:
1007:
An academic – "Who and based on what article of the law allowed the police to eject that woman like that?", asked
818:
the incident shows police firing shots into the air to disperse the crowd. Tehran police later confirmed the incident.
285:
3995:
3672:
3298:
2797:
1675:"Girl of Enghelab Street: Iranian woman who stood in Tehran street without a hijab released from custody, says lawyer"
1468:
1381:
1119:
1084:
532:
On 27 December 2017, pictures and videos of Movahed waving her scarf went viral through the hashtag "Where_is_she?" (
229:
4326:
4214:
3387:
1902:
1638:
1294:
656:
3766:
2628:
620:
On 1 February 2018 the Iranian Police department announced they had arrested 29 women for taking off their hijab.
538:, "Where is the girl of Enghelab Street" in Persian) on social media. While at first she was unknown, days later,
4546:
4521:
3676:
3062:
3040:
2871:
2831:
2801:
2745:
2719:
2658:
2401:"Protests against mandatory hijab in Iran reignite debate that has preoccupied Islamic nation since its founding"
1877:
1608:
975:
1262:
4516:
4363:
4336:
4286:
4259:
4133:
4078:
3504:
378:
1022:, an Iranian Shia cleric, said that forcing hijab on people was against Islam and would have a reverse result.
4416:
4321:
4230:
4209:
2236:
495:, showing that 49.8% of Iranians were against compulsory or mandatory hijab. The report was released by the
4551:
4526:
4316:
2531:
496:
215:
116:
4049:"45 European MPs Call on EU Foreign Policy Chief to Support Iranian Women's Anti-Compulsory-Hijab Protest"
584:
According to Nasrin Sotoudeh on 30 January 2018, the second woman who was arrested on 29 January 2018 was
4368:
4311:
4281:
4177:
439:
4556:
4373:
2123:
1115:, requested on 24 February 2018 for the Iranian government to drop the charges against the protesters.
4421:
4126:
3965:"Women around world burn headscarves to mark No Hijab Day saying: "We are not candies to be covered""
2939:
2168:
921:
900:
835:
after they protested the compulsory hijab by walking the streets of the city without their hijab on.
4536:
3416:
1541:
950:
3703:"Iran: At least six young human rights defenders arrested in coordinated raids at risk of torture"
2828:"باز هم دختر خیابان انقلاب و برخورد خشن پلیس (Another Girl of Enghelab Street and Police violent)"
2087:
484:
announced that women should observe Islamic dress code; His statement sparked demonstrations, the
4264:
2273:
2012:"Woman Arrested For Removing Hijab in Tehran Refuses to Repent Despite Facing 10 Years in Prison"
1027:
1019:
971:
473:, the hijab was not compulsory, though some Iranian women during this period wore headscarves or
2299:
4581:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4240:
2742:"سکوی دختران خیابان انقلاب تغییر شکل داد (Girls of Enghelab street platform has changed shape)"
2172:
2162:
2127:
1000:
1318:"Pro-government demonstrators take to the streets to show their rejection of Iranian protests"
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4331:
4301:
4296:
3762:
2211:
2204:
1182:
1073:
1008:
967:
said on 31 January 2018 that the protests resulted from the unnecessary restriction of women.
677:
470:
100:
2115:
2071:
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street; eyewitnesses said that the police attacked her from behind and took her in custody.
4380:
4192:
4107:
3877:
2587:
1141:
1136:
964:
914:
874:
400:
396:
246:
122:
20:
2971:
1572:"Iranian woman in iconic video feared to have been arrested after waving hijab on a stick"
733:
Shaparak Shajarizadeh was beaten up in custody. She was released later temporary on bail.
8:
4197:
3646:
3616:
3303:
3188:
2083:
2072:
1714:
1290:"Iranian Communists slam Ayatollah Khamenei's claim that protests are orchestrated by US"
1267:
1258:
630:
178:
2527:"Iran: 29 women arrested over anti-hijab protests inspired by 'girl of Enghelab Street'"
2270:"Half of Iranians say 'no' to compulsory veils, a pillar of the 1979 Islamic Revolution"
1437:[The protester's daughter was arrested on "Hijab Forced" in Revolution Square].
913:. Many people from all over the world reacted to Amini's death, and sparked a series of
350:
79:
4182:
3789:
3473:
3092:
2241:
1935:
1123:
1112:
1108:
1105:
that her opinion was that the protests were causing a stir but were not a movement yet.
652:
443:
430:
95:
2333:"Most Iranians feel Trump's comments in support of protesters didn't help, poll finds"
1101:
an Iranian-born American based in Washington stated in a February 2018 interview with
4341:
4235:
3820:
3316:
3308:
2465:
2215:
2176:
2131:
2116:
2111:
2091:
996:
989:
696:
555:
On 28 January 2018, according to Nasrin Sotoudeh, the lawyer investigating the case,
481:
353:
in Iran, part of the wider Iranian Democracy Movement. The protests were inspired by
667:
Narges Hosseini and Azam Jangravi were released from the custody temporary on bail.
4187:
4074:
3620:
3500:
3093:"دخالت مردم در بازداشت زنان توسط گشت ارشاد منجر به شلیک تیرهوایی در نارمک تهران شد"
1181:
In September 2020, Maryam Shariatmadari, a 32-year-old computer science student at
1098:
925:
910:
746:
723:
682:
589:
514:
female musician was humiliatingly veiled in the middle of her concert performance.
480:
After the 1979 Islamic revolution, the hijab gradually became compulsory. In 1979,
387:
362:
342:
4250:
4161:
2972:"حواشی زیر گرفتن یک دختر دانشجو توسط "گشت ارشاد" در یکی از شعبههای دانشگاه آزاد"
2944:
2911:
2158:
2079:
2067:
1679:
1146:
1102:
689:) was arrested protesting with a white scarf on Wednesday, 21 February 2018 in a
573:
539:
251:
166:
1503:"'#Where is She?' Iranians Seek Answers Over Disappearance of Hijab-waving Icon"
1185:
who escaped to Turkey after two days detention in Iran in 2018, was arrested in
491:
In 2018, a government-run survey dating back to 2014, was released by President
4511:
3907:
2798:"Iranian Woman Who Protested Hijab Rule Gets Two-Year Sentence, Leaves Country"
1643:
1080:
1052:
982:
845:
511:
492:
383:
370:
306:
3617:"کشف حجاب از جرائم مشهود است/ تشویق مردم به نداشتن حجاب یک تا ۱۰ سال حبس دارد"
3320:
2381:"The Observer view on the backlash in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini"
1211:"His father was toppled in Iran's 1979 revolution. His take on hijab protests"
4395:
4271:
4112:
3558:"نسرین ستوده به یورونیوز: وثیقه نرگس حسینی آماده است/ اعظم جنگروی بازداشت شد"
3312:
3123:
2499:
1873:
800:
On 29 October 2018, an Iranian woman stood on the dome of Enghelab square in
648:
311:
1605:""Girls of Revolution St" Protest Ignites Debate on Iran's Compulsory Hijab"
3968:
2940:"Women in Iran Are Dancing to Protest the Arrest of a Teenage Instagrammer"
2385:
2369:(Report). The Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in IRAN (GAMAAN).
1750:
1373:
1241:"Farah Pahlavi: '1st time we have seen a movement on such a scale in Iran'"
957:
849:
556:
455:
435:
354:
301:
3246:"Iranian civil rights activist gets prison for taking off hijab in public"
2690:"HRW Urges Iran To Drop Charges Against Women Protesting Compulsory Hijab"
1841:"Another Woman Arrested in Iran For Protesting Against Compulsory Veiling"
420:
3937:
3732:
3184:"Iranian students protest mandatory headscarf rule - the Washington Post"
2854:"Turkey slated to deport Iranian anti-Hijab activist who faces execution"
2199:
1404:"IRGC Calls for Footballer Ali Karimi's Arrest Over Support for Protests"
1152:
1060:
906:
3904:"US criticises Iran against apprehension of compulsory hijab protesters"
3759:"Young human rights activists arrested in coordinated raids across Iran"
2431:"Chinese Musician 'Humiliated' in Iran as Hijab Imposed Mid-performance"
1344:"Thousands gather for pro-government rallies in Iran amid mass protests"
1015:
3934:"Washington supports Iranian women protesting against compulsory hijab"
3758:
3272:"Iranian Protest Over the "Government Murder" of Mahsa Amini Continues"
2210:. Oneonta, New York: Islamic Publications International (IPI). p.
1711:"The 'Girls of Revolution Street' Protest Iran's Compulsory Hijab Laws"
1472:
690:
451:
290:
3216:"Vigilantes Attack Tehran University Students Protesting Strict Hijab"
3032:
2827:
2741:
2715:
2654:
1869:
3271:
2768:"Iranian woman gets 20-year punishment for publicly taking off hijab"
2404:
2237:"Compulsory Veils? Half of Iranians Say 'No' to Pillar of Revolution"
2039:
Book #5 of the Islamic Penal Code (Sanctions and deterrent penalties)
1975:
Book #5 of the Islamic Penal Code (Sanctions and deterrent penalties)
1506:
1374:"Iranian Football Star Calls On Army To Side With People in Protests"
1347:
767:
3848:"U.S. Condemns Iran's Arrest of Protesters Against Compulsory Hijab"
3673:"Iran Urged To Free Woman Who Took Stand Against Compulsory Veiling"
3496:
4118:
3561:
1575:
832:
3729:"Rights Defender Calls on Iran to 'Immediately Release' Activists"
1186:
600:
391:
3497:"29 women held as protests against dress code intensify in Iran"
1782:"Uncovered 'Girl From Revolution Street' Picks Up Steam in Iran"
3299:"Death of 16-year-old protester adds new fuel to Iran uprising"
3063:"Iranians attack morality police van to save women from arrest"
2559:"Iranian Police Arrest 29 Women Protesting Against Veiling Law"
801:
604:
474:
374:
3996:"#NoHijabDay: Women burn their hijabs, sparking online debate"
3647:"روزنامههای تهران: به معترضان حجاب، اتهام فساد و فحشا نبندیم"
2361:
1932:"مرضیه برومند: این خانم "وِزوِزی" از جان زنان ما چه میخواهد؟"
1126:
to support the Iranian Women's Anti-Compulsory-Hijab Protests.
909:
was killed in custody of the Guidance Patrol in Tehran due to
3874:"US extends support to protests against forced hijab in Iran"
3816:"Iran arrests 29 linked to protests against compulsory hijab"
3461:
2164:
Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers
241:
2872:"یکی دیگر از "دختران خیابان انقلاب" ضربوشتم و "بازداشت شد""
2907:"Woman arrested in Iran for Instagram video of her dancing"
1870:"مرضیه برومند در واکنش به اعتراضها: با حجاب اجباری مخالفم"
707:
196:
65:
56:(6 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
3443:"Protests against compulsory hijab trigger debate in Iran"
3413:"Iran cracks down on women protesting against headscarves"
3361:"Iran arrests 29 women for not wearing hijab in protests"
2496:"Iran arrests 29 women for not wearing hijab in protests"
2364:
IRANIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD RELIGION: A 2020 SURVEY REPORT
1538:"Iran lawyer raises concern over missing hijab protester"
3469:"Iran arrests 29 women as headscarf protests intensify-"
3003:"دختر معترض به "حجاب اجباری" در میدان انقلاب بازداشت شد"
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1599:
1597:
1435:"دختر معترض به "حجاب اجباری" در میدان انقلاب بازداشت شد"
905:
On 16 September 2022, a 22-year-old Iranian woman named
2305:(in Persian). Center for Strategic Studies. July 2014.
3896:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2592:"Tehran hijab protest: Iranian police arrest 29 women"
2206:
Roots of the Islamic Revolution in Iran: Four Lectures
1835:
1833:
1668:
1666:
1466:
1122:
on 28 February 2018 called on EU Foreign Policy Chief
848:. Another video showed a group of unveiled women on a
4051:. Center for Human Rights in Iran. 28 February 2018.
4041:
2586:
1995:
1864:
1862:
1704:
1702:
1594:
1532:
1530:
1528:
770:
account without her headscarf. She was among several
633:
on charges including openly committing a sinful act.
411:
The Safety pin of the girls of the Revolution street
19:
For the protests after the death of Mahsa Amini, see
4067:
3850:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 3 February 2018.
3154:"Activists Appear Unveiled in Tehran on Women's Day"
2655:"یک دختر خیابان انقلاب دیگر: از اصلاحات خسته شدهام"
2582:
2580:
2561:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2 February 2018.
2030:
2014:. Center for Human Rights in Iran. 6 February 2018.
1966:
1740:
1738:
1736:
125:
following the death of Mahsa Amini in September 2022
3721:
2673:
2524:
1926:
1924:
1830:
1746:"Second woman arrested in Tehran for hijab protest"
1663:
1462:
1460:
1257:
920:On 20 September 2022, 16-year-old Iranian teenager
469:Before the Iranian Revolution, during the reign of
4354:Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests
3808:
3528:"In Iran, Environmentalists Are Now Seen as Spies"
2820:
2734:
2708:
2647:
2490:
2488:
2453:
2261:
2203:
1859:
1808:"In Tehran, New Hijab Protester Led Off By Police"
1779:
1699:
1632:
1630:
1525:
1051:In a speech at the University of Isfahan in 2018,
3550:
2577:
1733:
1708:
1496:
1494:
1469:"Women's campaigns flourish beyond Iran protests"
1163:1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran
1111:, former director of the Middle East division of
486:1979 International Women's Day protests in Tehran
4393:
4079:"Letter to HR/VP on anti-hijab protests in Iran"
4073:
3926:
3790:"Protests and Arrests in Iran, February 2, 2018"
3751:
3525:
3435:
3405:
3124:""بازداشت دو زن معترض" به حجاب اجباری در کنگاور"
2864:
2362:Ammar Maleki; Pooyan Tamimi Arab (August 2020).
2267:
2234:
1921:
1903:"مرضیه برومند: من با حجاب اجبارى مخالفم اما ..."
1897:
1895:
1565:
1563:
1500:
1457:
414:
3787:
3585:
3583:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2830:(in Persian). Radio Zamaneh. 22 February 2018.
2744:(in Persian). Radio Zamaneh. 22 February 2018.
2718:(in Persian). Radio Zamaneh. 21 February 2018.
2657:(in Persian). Radio Zamaneh. 15 February 2018.
2518:
2485:
2393:
2054:Religion and the politics of peace and conflict
1627:
427:judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran
4020:
3993:
3987:
3956:
3866:
3609:
3386:Nast, Condé; Wright, Robin (8 February 2018).
2629:"Iran: Stop Prosecuting Women Over Dress Code"
2324:
1775:
1773:
1491:
789:Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
369:), who stood in the crowd on a utility box on
4134:
3695:
3649:(in Persian). BBC Persian. 24 February 2018.
3519:
3296:
2878:(in Persian). Radio Farda. 25 February 2018.
2228:
1892:
1636:
1560:
533:
3593:(in Persian). Jamaran.ir. 23 February 2018.
3580:
2894:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
1672:
1569:
1263:"Tudeh Party condemns murder of Mahsa Amini"
831:On 7 March 2019, two women were arrested in
572:in Tehran on 29 January, including one near
4023:"The high stakes of hijab protests in Iran"
4014:
3962:
3840:
3781:
3665:
2551:
2461:"Iran headscarf protester arrested: Lawyer"
1770:
1093:The director of the Middle East Program at
741:Eyewitnesses said that another women named
390:, a protest movement that the presenter at
4141:
4127:
3705:. Amnesty International. 2 February 2018.
3489:
3388:"Hijab Protests Expose Iran's Core Divide"
3385:
3033:"محکومیت دختر خیابان انقلاب به یک سال حبس"
2194:
2192:
2110:
2104:
1639:"Hijab Protests Expose Iran's Core Divide"
1158:Iranian schoolgirls mass poisoning reports
4402:Iranian protests against compulsory hijab
4292:Iranian protests against compulsory hijab
3639:
2614:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2066:
2060:
46:27 December 2017 – present
31:Iranian protests against compulsory hijab
2631:. Human Rights Watch. 24 February 2018.
2292:
1989:"The Islamic Penal Code of Iran, Book 5"
1366:
1014:
695:
2525:Gerretsen, Isabelle (1 February 2018).
2189:
1042:
852:car handing out flowers to passengers.
637:
4394:
4307:2018–2019 general strikes and protests
3336:"Why Iranian women are burning hijabs"
3252:from the original on 13 September 2019
2937:
2157:
2144:
1780:Esfandiari, Golnaz (30 January 2018).
1467:D'Ignoti, Stefania (18 January 2018).
1414:from the original on 25 September 2022
1384:from the original on 25 September 2022
1354:from the original on 23 September 2022
1324:from the original on 23 September 2022
38:Part of the Iranian Democracy Movement
4122:
4055:from the original on 28 February 2018
4029:from the original on 18 February 2018
3792:. United States Department of State.
3769:from the original on 16 February 2018
3739:from the original on 16 February 2018
3709:from the original on 16 February 2018
3627:from the original on 26 February 2018
3597:from the original on 26 February 2018
3568:from the original on 18 February 2018
3538:from the original on 27 February 2018
3526:Erdbrink, Thomas (12 February 2018).
3423:from the original on 27 February 2018
3103:from the original on 28 February 2019
3073:from the original on 28 February 2019
2882:from the original on 26 February 2018
2722:from the original on 29 December 2018
2696:from the original on 25 February 2018
2635:from the original on 25 February 2018
2411:from the original on 27 February 2018
2198:
2074:Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance
2018:from the original on 16 February 2018
1942:from the original on 18 February 2018
1909:from the original on 17 February 2018
1847:from the original on 16 February 2018
1709:Alimardani, Mahsa (30 January 2018).
999:, an Iranian midwife and a member of
4359:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
4349:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
4148:
4002:from the original on 5 February 2018
3975:from the original on 6 February 2018
3944:from the original on 3 February 2018
3914:from the original on 4 February 2018
3884:from the original on 4 February 2018
3854:from the original on 3 February 2018
3828:from the original on 3 February 2018
3796:from the original on 2 February 2018
3683:from the original on 26 January 2018
3507:from the original on 3 February 2018
3449:from the original on 5 February 2018
3333:
3037:خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی ایران (ایرنا)
3000:
2834:from the original on 23 January 2019
2716:"بازداشت یک دختر دیگر خیابان انقلاب"
2602:from the original on 2 February 2018
2565:from the original on 2 February 2018
2539:from the original on 2 February 2018
2506:from the original on 3 February 2018
2473:from the original on 30 January 2018
2343:from the original on 2 February 2018
2312:from the original on 5 February 2018
2280:from the original on 6 February 2018
2268:Erdbrink, Thomas (4 February 2018).
2249:from the original on 5 February 2018
2235:Erdbrink, Thomas (4 February 2018).
1788:from the original on 30 January 2018
1758:from the original on 29 January 2018
1721:from the original on 30 January 2018
1687:from the original on 29 January 2018
1582:from the original on 27 January 2018
1548:from the original on 26 January 2018
1513:from the original on 28 January 2018
1501:Alfatlawi, Rosie (20 January 2018).
1479:from the original on 27 January 2018
1445:from the original on 3 February 2019
1432:
988:Iranian senior actress and director
963:A member of the Iranian parliament,
897:Timeline of the Mahsa Amini protests
4572:Islam-related controversies in Asia
4246:2009 presidential election protests
4021:Britzky, Haley (17 February 2018).
3788:Nauert, Heather (2 February 2018).
1880:from the original on 6 October 2018
1784:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
1221:from the original on 5 October 2022
929:
750:
727:
686:
593:
534:
366:
346:
13:
3994:Khalaf, Rayana (6 February 2018).
3043:from the original on 14 April 2019
3013:from the original on 13 April 2019
2982:from the original on 13 April 2019
2330:
1818:from the original on 10 April 2019
1120:Members of the European Parliament
956:The deputy speaker of parliament,
14:
4593:
4101:
4085:from the original on 3 March 2018
3653:from the original on 1 March 2018
3334:Gans, Jared (24 September 2022).
3164:from the original on 1 April 2019
3134:from the original on 8 March 2019
2952:from the original on 12 July 2018
2808:from the original on 10 July 2018
2778:from the original on 10 July 2018
2748:from the original on 18 July 2018
2692:. Radio Farda. 24 February 2018.
2661:from the original on 20 July 2018
2051:
1843:. Radio Farda. 16 February 2018.
1651:from the original on 5 March 2018
1637:Wright, Robin (7 February 2018).
1615:from the original on 6 March 2018
1085:United States Department of State
890:
559:was released; temporary on bail.
4277:2015 Fitilieh programme protests
3297:Miriam Berger (6 October 2022).
3226:from the original on 16 May 2019
3121:
2919:from the original on 9 July 2018
2441:from the original on 3 June 2019
1673:Lusher, Adam (29 January 2018).
1570:Norman, Greg (23 January 2018).
1067:
873:On 13 May 2019, students at the
812:
807:
787:On 27 October 2018, students in
657:Executives of Construction Party
610:
522:
357:, an Iranian woman known as the
257:
235:
223:
204:
189:
172:
160:
144:
4577:Women's rights movement in Iran
4108:Iranians Stand Up Against Hijab
3963:Dunphy, Liz (6 February 2018).
3677:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3445:. Al Monitor. 31 January 2018.
3379:
3353:
3327:
3290:
3264:
3238:
3208:
3176:
3146:
3115:
3085:
3055:
3025:
3001:فردا, رادیو (29 October 2018).
2994:
2964:
2938:Barron, Laignee (9 July 2018).
2931:
2846:
2802:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2790:
2760:
2532:International Business Times UK
2423:
2373:
2355:
2045:
1981:
1954:
1800:
1609:Center for Human Rights in Iran
1433:فردا, رادیو (29 October 2018).
1175:
777:
675:Another female protester named
545:
377:on 27 December 2017 during the
1905:Asr-e-Iran. 15 February 2018.
1426:
1396:
1336:
1310:
1282:
1251:
1233:
1203:
881:
736:
713:
670:
662:
642:
527:
1:
2300:"گزارش اولین نشست تخصصی حجاب"
1196:
821:
795:
782:
623:
615:
579:
562:
550:
464:
415:Islamic Republic's Penal Code
4507:December 2017 events in Iran
1189:to be deported back to Iran.
976:Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i
938:
756:
497:Center for Strategic Studies
36:"Girls of Enghelab" protests
7:
4542:Human rights abuses in Iran
4532:Iranian democracy activists
4282:2016 Cyrus the Great Revolt
4162:Tobacco Protest (1890–1892)
2122:. Cambridge, UK; New York:
1130:
943:
863:
855:
517:
440:Legal Information Institute
395:Masih Alinejad's call. The
349:) are protests against the
80:mandatory hijab law in Iran
10:
4598:
4412:2021–2022 Iranian protests
4407:2017–2018 Iranian protests
2124:Cambridge University Press
1217:. AFP. 28 September 2022.
1040:
949:Iranian chief prosecutor,
894:
838:
826:
635:
429:imposed shortly after the
418:
379:2017–2018 Iranian protests
339:Girls of Enghelab protests
263:Iranian counter-protesters
117:Iranian democracy movement
18:
16:Series of protests in Iran
4567:Sexism in the Middle East
4562:Sex segregation and Islam
4223:
4170:
4154:
2169:Syracuse University Press
1043:§ Islamic Penal Code
901:Killing of Nika Shakarami
868:
761:
638:§ Islamic Penal Code
535:#دختر_خیابان_انقلاب_کجاست
406:
327:
322:
279:
274:
136:
131:
109:
88:
72:
60:
54:(as Mahsa Amini protests)
42:
35:
30:
4327:2018 university protests
3417:The National (Abu Dhabi)
2118:A History of Modern Iran
2056:. Pickwick Publications.
1542:The Daily Star (Lebanon)
1168:
1149:, Iran's morality police
1057:Girls of Enghelab Street
951:Mohammad Jafar Montazeri
653:Iranian women Reformists
4265:2011 Khuzestan protests
3067:The France 24 Observers
2274:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2090:, 13–16, 130, 174–176.
1059:movement an example of
1028:Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei
1020:Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei
772:popular Instagram users
373:(Revolution Street) in
359:Girl of Enghelab Street
4547:Persecution by Muslims
4522:Clothing controversies
4081:. marietjeschaake.eu.
2167:. Syracuse, New York:
1023:
1001:City Council of Tehran
702:
392:VOA Persian Television
4517:Civil rights protests
4322:2018 protest movement
4297:2018 Dervish protests
4231:2003 student protests
4215:1999 student protests
2588:Dehghan, Saeed Kamali
1961:"IRAN HIJAB DRAWING,"
1410:. 23 September 2022.
1380:. 22 September 2022.
1261:(27 September 2022).
1183:Amir Kabir University
1083:, spokeswoman of the
1074:Amnesty International
1041:Further information:
1018:
1009:Abdollah Ramezanzadeh
895:Further information:
699:
678:Shaparak Shajarizadeh
636:Further information:
471:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
421:Theocracy § Iran
419:Further information:
101:Nonviolent resistance
82:, enforced since 1979
4417:Mahsa Amini protests
4381:Mahsa Amini protests
4317:August 2018 uprising
4251:2009 Ashura protests
4193:1978 Tabriz protests
4077:(20 February 2018).
3878:United News of India
3623:. 23 February 2018.
3564:. 16 February 2018.
3099:. 16 February 2019.
3069:. 19 February 2019.
2389:. 25 September 2022.
2078:. Oxford; New York:
1938:. 14 February 2018.
1876:. 15 February 2018.
1247:. 28 September 2022.
1142:Mahsa Amini protests
1137:Death of Mahsa Amini
1011:on 22 February 2018.
965:Soheila Jolodarzadeh
917:across the country.
875:University of Tehran
720:Maryam Shariatmadari
718:Another woman named
401:death of Mahsa Amini
397:protests intensified
123:Mahsa Amini protests
21:Mahsa Amini protests
4552:Persecution in Iran
4527:Dress codes (legal)
4369:2021 water protests
4312:2018 water protests
4198:Black Friday (1978)
4178:1963 demonstrations
3940:. 3 February 2018.
3910:. 3 February 2018.
3880:. 3 February 2018.
3824:. 2 February 2018.
3765:. 4 February 2018.
3735:. 4 February 2018.
3679:. 25 January 2018.
3503:. 3 February 2018.
3419:. 2 February 2018.
3307:. Washington, D.C.
3304:The Washington Post
3278:. 24 September 2022
3189:The Washington Post
2860:. 8 September 2020.
2590:(2 February 2018).
2502:. 2 February 2018.
2469:. 30 January 2018.
2407:. 8 February 2018.
2084:Bloomsbury Academic
1754:. 29 January 2018.
1715:Global Voices (NGO)
1611:. 31 January 2018.
1544:. 22 January 2018.
1268:Communist Party USA
1259:Tudeh Party of Iran
915:anti-hijab protests
399:in 2022 due to the
179:Tudeh Party of Iran
150:Iranian protesters
4374:2022 food protests
4364:2021–2022 protests
4337:2019–2020 protests
4287:2017–2018 protests
4272:2015 Mahabad riots
4260:2011–2012 protests
4205:Women Day protests
4183:Iranian Revolution
3532:The New York Times
3474:The Times of India
3248:. 29 August 2019.
2858:The Jerusalem Post
2242:The New York Times
2112:Abrahamian, Ervand
1936:Tasnim News Agency
1378:Iran International
1124:Federica Mogherini
1113:Human Rights Watch
1109:Sarah Leah Whitson
1061:civil non-violence
1024:
703:
596:); her age is 32.
444:Cornell Law School
431:Iranian Revolution
367:دختر خیابان انقلاب
115:Continued rise of
96:Civil disobedience
4557:Islamic extremism
4389:
4388:
4342:Mahshahr massacre
4236:2005 Ahvaz unrest
3821:The Straits Times
3477:. 2 February 2018
3367:. 2 February 2018
3039:. 14 April 2019.
2466:The Straits Times
2221:978-1-889999-26-5
2182:978-0-8156-0266-8
2137:978-0-521-52891-7
2097:978-1-85973-924-2
997:Nahid Khodakarami
990:Marzieh Boroumand
570:Movahed's protest
482:Ruhollah Khomeini
335:
334:
270:
269:
4589:
4422:Protests in Iran
4188:1978 Qom protest
4149:Protests in Iran
4143:
4136:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4075:Marietje Schaake
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3621:Fars News Agency
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3562:Euronews Persian
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3439:
3433:
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3430:
3428:
3409:
3403:
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3400:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3192:. Archived from
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3160:. 8 March 2019.
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2903:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2804:. 10 July 2018.
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2774:. 10 July 2018.
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2686:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2209:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2159:Milani, Farzaneh
2155:
2142:
2141:
2121:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2077:
2068:El Guindi, Fadwa
2064:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1828:
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1823:
1804:
1798:
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1795:
1793:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1670:
1661:
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1658:
1656:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1534:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1452:
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1430:
1424:
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1421:
1419:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:. 3 October 2022
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1207:
1190:
1179:
1099:Haleh Esfandiari
931:
911:police brutality
752:
729:
688:
595:
537:
536:
388:White Wednesdays
368:
351:compulsory hijab
348:
262:
261:
260:
240:
239:
238:
228:
227:
226:
209:
208:
207:
194:
193:
192:
177:
176:
175:
167:House of Pahlavi
165:
164:
163:
149:
148:
147:
138:
137:
121:Escalation into
53:
52: – present)
51:
28:
27:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4537:Islam and women
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4219:
4166:
4150:
4147:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4047:
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4042:
4032:
4030:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3932:
3931:
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3222:. 13 May 2019.
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2915:. 8 July 2018.
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2080:Berg Publishers
2065:
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2019:
2010:
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1680:The Independent
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1441:. Radio Farda.
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1215:Hindustan Times
1209:
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1180:
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1147:Guidance Patrol
1133:
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739:
728:مریم شریعتمداری
716:
687:شاپرک شجری زاده
673:
665:
645:
640:
626:
618:
613:
586:Narges Hosseini
582:
574:Ferdowsi Square
565:
553:
548:
540:Nasrin Sotoudeh
530:
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467:
423:
417:
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371:Enghelab Street
318:
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296:
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266:
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252:Morality police
236:
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105:
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4309:
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4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4257:
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4253:
4241:Green Movement
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
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4156:
4152:
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4146:
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4138:
4131:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4103:
4102:External links
4100:
4097:
4096:
4066:
4040:
4013:
3986:
3955:
3925:
3908:Pakistan Today
3895:
3865:
3839:
3807:
3780:
3750:
3720:
3694:
3664:
3638:
3619:(in Persian).
3608:
3579:
3560:(in Persian).
3549:
3518:
3488:
3460:
3434:
3404:
3392:The New Yorker
3378:
3352:
3326:
3289:
3263:
3237:
3207:
3196:on 13 May 2019
3175:
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3114:
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2422:
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2372:
2354:
2337:washingtonpost
2331:Taylor, Adam.
2323:
2291:
2260:
2227:
2220:
2188:
2181:
2143:
2136:
2103:
2096:
2059:
2052:Hogan, Linda.
2044:
2029:
1994:
1980:
1965:
1953:
1920:
1891:
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1644:The New Yorker
1626:
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1128:
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1081:Heather Nauert
1078:
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1053:Farhad Meysamy
1049:
1039:
1038:
1035:Iranian police
1031:
1013:
1012:
1005:
994:
986:
983:Hassan Rouhani
979:
968:
961:
954:
945:
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922:Nika Shakarami
892:
891:September 2022
889:
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846:Valiasr Street
840:
837:
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743:Hamraz Sadeghi
738:
735:
715:
712:
672:
669:
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493:Hassan Rouhani
466:
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416:
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405:
384:Masih Alinejad
333:
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304:
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44:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4594:
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4582:Crime in Iran
4580:
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4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:2024 protests
4460:
4458:
4457:2023 protests
4455:
4453:
4452:2022 protests
4450:
4448:
4447:2021 protests
4445:
4443:
4442:2020 protests
4440:
4438:
4437:2019 protests
4435:
4433:
4432:2018 protests
4430:
4428:
4427:2017 protests
4425:
4423:
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4408:
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4332:2019 protests
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
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4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
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4302:2018 protests
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4210:1981 protests
4208:
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4113:Radio Liberty
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3276:Zamaneh Media
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3122:فردا, رادیو.
3118:
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2500:Aljazeera.com
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2107:
2099:
2093:
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2076:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2041:(in Persian).
2040:
2033:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1977:(in Persian).
1976:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1933:
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1874:Radio Zamaneh
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1095:Wilson Center
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1068:International
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808:February 2019
805:
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