214:
226:
58:
342:. For centuries, Turkmens had lived as nomadic herdsmen. In more recent years, however, many of them have changed to a "semi-nomadic lifestyle," living in permanent homes as well as in tents. Today, most of them are farmers and cattle breeders. Turkmens still live in extended families where various generations can be found under the same roof, especially in rural areas. Many tribal customs still survive among the modern Turkmens.
578:
The main body of the
Iranian Turkophone mass generally consists of two parts: proper Turkic groups—the Turkmen (from 0,5 to 1 million), partially the Qashqays (around 300,000), as well as Khalajes (currently Persian-speakers living in Save, near Tehran); and the Turkic-speaking population of the
244:
Throughout the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, a process of resettlement of the
Turkmen tribes took place in Iran. In the 17th century, it was associated with the intensified exploitation of Turkmens by the
237:
Representatives of such modern
Turkmen tribes as Yomut, Goklen, Īgdīr, Saryk, Salar and Teke have lived in Iran since the 16th century, though ethnic history of Turkmens in Iran starts with the
326:, and then migrated to Iran, and finally settled 120 km above Serakhs. Later, Iran exploited the struggle between the Saryks and Tekes to organize a campaign to the
287:, the situation in the areas of residence of Turkmens was turbulent. Under the pretext of jihad, the Khiva Khan repeatedly raided Iranian territory. As an Iranian writer
306:
The movement of the
Turkmen tribes was also affected by intertribal contradictions, which quite often turned into serious conflicts. In 1855, Teke Turkmens captured the
746:
Perhaps, the main heterogeneous group within the demographic texture of Iran are
Turkmens who immigrated to the area at the turn of the I-II millennia A.D.
921:
714:
701:
The Turkic peoples and
Caucasia, Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
189:
Iranian
Turkmens have represented a group of semi-nomadic tribes who retained a more traditional way for a long time. The following
198:
445:
579:
Iranian origin, predominantly the Azaris, inhabiting the north-west provinces of Iran roughly covering historical Aturpātakān.
634:
799:
Irons, W. (1969). The
Turkmen of Iran: A Brief Research Report. Iranian Studies, 2(1), 27-38. doi:10.1080/00210866908701372
914:
264:
in 1728, he drove part of the Teke and Imreli tribes out and settled them in
Khorasan, specifically in the steppe of
284:
1091:
17:
1086:
1081:
907:
728:
Ahmadi, Hamid (2013). "Political Elites and the
Question of Ethnicity and Democracy in Iran: A Critical View".
431:
787:
From the stories of the Perso-Russian relations of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries
483:
812:
276:. Subsequently, most of the Turkmen Yomuds were forced to move from the Khiva Khanate to the coast of the
299:, and sometimes ordered Turkmens to raid the regions of Khorasan". In turn, Iranian troops attacked the
338:
Nearly one million Turkmens can be found living along the northern edges of Iran, just south of the
339:
97:
482:, Iranian Turkmen politician and scientist who represented a part of Iranian Turkmen community in
468:
359:
101:
288:
624:
983:
930:
516:
213:
947:
460:
419:
202:
837:
453:, volleyball player from Iran, who plays as an opposite spiker for the Men's National Team
8:
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409:
403:
230:
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93:
63:
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script, common in the Republic of Turkmenistan since its independence in the 1990s.
57:
737:
569:
536:
378:
351:
246:
181:
of Iran. The number of Turkmens in Iran is estimated at 0.5 to 2.4 million people.
149:
141:
117:
113:
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238:
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190:
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993:
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953:
670:
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506:
437:
415:
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Southern Turkmen is mutually intelligible with the Turkmen variety spoken in
318:
out of Iolotan. The latter were initially located in the area of present-day
315:
273:
250:
174:
1044:
965:
862:
473:
450:
370:
323:
27:
Turkmen diaspora living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of Iran
355:
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129:
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in 1861. However, it ended in a crushing defeat for the Iranian troops.
531:
441:
427:
374:
257:
303:, mainly the Turkmen lands, robbing and taking people into captivity.
218:
560:
Arakelova, Victoria (2015). "On the Number of Iranian Turkophones".
350:
Iranian Turkmens speak primarily Southern Turkmen, a variant of the
941:
300:
265:
166:
311:
292:
959:
894:
382:
363:
261:
194:
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789:(in Russian). Tashkent: Nauka, Uzbek SSR. pp. 26–27.
751:
291:
wrote, he (the Khiva Khan) "at times led troops against
406:, Turkmen spiritual leader, philosophical poet and Sufi
766:
169:
living mainly in northern and northeastern regions of
160:
686:
Turkmens of Iran (historical and ethnographic study)
310:. The Saryks who lived there, were expelled to the
260:, himself an ethnic Turkmen, defeated Turkmens and
1073:
838:"What Languages do People Speak in Afghanistan?"
817:Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region
314:and Panjdeh oases, and they, in turn, drove the
863:"Turkmen language, alphabets and pronunciation"
444:player from Iran, who plays as a Spike for the
915:
699:Golden, Peter (1996). Suny, Ronald G. (ed.).
656:
45:
922:
908:
713:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
388:
56:
929:
760:
683:
657:Joan Allgrove (1975). "Turcoman Finery".
584:
559:
334:Modern Turkmen tribes in present-day Iran
268:. In the 1740s, Nader Shah conquered the
784:
772:
629:. Oxford University Press. p. 290.
553:
224:
212:
807:
805:
14:
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727:
698:
626:Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf
622:
903:
802:
486:for four years between 2016 and 2020
362:script, though some use the Turkmen
88:Regions with significant populations
241:of the region in the 11th century.
145:
24:
381:loanwords. There is also a strong
177:and includes substantial parts of
25:
1103:
883:
358:. It is currently written in the
208:
285:Russian conquest of Central Asia
153:
855:
830:
793:
778:
385:influence in Southern Turkmen.
721:
692:
688:. Nauka (Science). p. 14.
677:
650:
616:
605:
476:, experimental laser physicist
184:
13:
1:
890:Encyclopedia Iranian Turkmen
547:
39:
623:Potter, Lawrence G. (2014).
397:, Turkmen poet, scholar and
377:, though it borrows heavily
83:1-2% of the total population
7:
703:. Michigan. pp. 45–67.
490:
345:
161:
46:
10:
1108:
937:
842:worldpopulationreview.com
742:10.1163/1573384X-20130106
574:10.1163/1573384X-20150306
256:After what Iranian ruler
173:. Their region is called
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123:
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107:
92:
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76:
71:
55:
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684:Logashova, Bibi (1976).
412:, Iranian philanthropist
340:Turkmenistan-Iran border
98:Razavi Khorasan Province
612:CIA World Factbook Iran
469:Persian Gulf Pro League
389:Notable Iranian Turkmen
102:North Khorasan Province
1092:Iranian Turkmen people
234:
222:
1087:Ethnic groups in Iran
1082:Ethnic Turkmen people
931:Ethnic groups in Iran
730:Iran and the Caucasus
562:Iran and the Caucasus
517:Music of Turkmenistan
432:Iranian National Team
249:and the raids of the
228:
216:
785:Mannanov, B (1964).
665:(1). Routledge: 49.
217:Iranian Turkmens of
465:Esteghlal Khuzestan
457:Ezzatollah Pourghaz
446:Men's National Team
229:A Turkmen woman of
79:790,000 - 1,600,000
77:500,000 - 1,000,000
35:
484:Iranian Parliament
480:Ramin Nourqolipour
395:Dowletmammet Azady
235:
223:
165:) are a branch of
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763:, pp. 15–16.
636:978-0-19-937726-8
410:Haj Aghi Alejalil
404:Magtymguly Pyragy
280:and to Astrabad.
231:Bandar-e Torkaman
179:Golestan Province
162:Eýran Türkmenleri
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135:
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94:Golestan Province
64:Bandar-e Torkaman
47:Eýran türkmenleri
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154:ایران تۆرکمنلری
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72:Total population
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289:Reza-Qoli Khan
274:Khiva Khanates
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966:Mazandaranis
948:Azerbaijanis
895:TurkmenSahra
870:. Retrieved
867:omniglot.com
866:
857:
845:. Retrieved
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832:
820:. Retrieved
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640:. Retrieved
625:
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595:. Retrieved
592:"Ethnologue"
586:
577:
565:
561:
555:
474:Omid Kokabee
451:Saber Kazemi
371:Turkmenistan
368:
360:Perso-Arabic
349:
337:
324:Turkmenistan
305:
282:
255:
243:
236:
221:island, Iran
188:
137:
136:
62:Turkmens of
44:
30:Ethnic group
1039:Circassians
356:Afghanistan
278:Caspian Sea
185:Ethnography
130:Sunni Islam
1076:Categories
999:Others 1%
992:and other
642:14 January
568:(3): 279.
548:References
532:Nader Shah
461:footballer
459:, Iranian
442:volleyball
428:Bundesliga
420:footballer
418:, Iranian
375:Uzbekistan
328:Merv oasis
320:Serhetabat
308:Merv oasis
283:Until the
258:Nader Shah
1032:Assyrians
1025:Georgians
1018:Armenians
813:"Turkmen"
736:(1): 82.
709:cite book
671:0590-8876
219:Ashuradeh
108:Languages
990:Turkmens
942:Persians
597:8 August
497:Turkmens
491:See also
346:Language
301:Khwarazm
266:Astrabad
124:Religion
984:Balochs
659:Costume
467:in the
426:in the
379:Persian
312:Iolotan
293:Serakhs
270:Bukhara
150:Turkmen
142:Persian
118:Persian
114:Turkmen
1058:Zagari
1004:Talysh
960:Gilaks
872:Aug 8,
847:Aug 8,
822:Aug 8,
669:
633:
383:Arabic
316:Salurs
251:Kalmyk
233:, Iran
201:, and
199:Goklen
66:, Iran
978:Arabs
954:Kurds
364:Latin
262:Kurds
195:Yomut
1046:Jews
1011:Tats
972:Lurs
874:2021
849:2021
824:2021
715:link
667:ISSN
644:2023
631:ISBN
599:2018
430:and
399:Sufi
373:and
297:Merv
295:and
272:and
203:Teke
171:Iran
100:and
956:10%
950:16%
944:53%
738:doi
570:doi
1078::
996:2%
986:2%
980:2%
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968:4%
962:4%
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
