78:. In 1963 McAfee and Edelson published an IMS-TOF combination. In 1967 McKnight, McAfee and Sipler published an IMS-TOF combination. Their instrument included an orthogonal TOF. In 1969 Cohen et al. filed a patent on an IMS-QMS system. The QMS at that time was an improvement compared to the TOFMS, because the TOFMS had a slow electronic data acquisition systems at that time. In 1970, Young, Edelson and Falconer published an IMS-TOF with orthogonal extraction. They seem to have used the same system as McKnight et al. in 1967, incorporating slight modifications. Their work was later reproduced in the landmark book of Mason/McDaniel, which is regarded as the “bible of IMS” by those skilled in the art.
28:
190:. Only ions with specific mobility will pass through the device. It is well known that the high RF field distort the conformation of the ions, FAIMS thus is a separation technique without preserving the structure of the ions and the CCSs of the ions cannot be measured. Because FAIMS is a mass selector (other ions are excluded), the sensitivity in the scan mode is much lower than that of the drift tube ion mobility (all the ions are analyzed). Therefore, FAIMS is usually coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer which is also ion selection type instrument.
123:
208:
for each IMS spectrum (acquired on millisecond timescale). The quadrupole mass spectrometer has also been coupled to an IMS, although at a slower scan rate. Other mass spectrometers including the ion trap, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), or magnetic sector mass spectrometers have also been coupled with different IMS for various applications. Additionally, hybrid mass spectrometers have been interfaced to more than one ion mobility cell for tandem or IMS–MS applications.
166:
tube ion mobility does not employ RF voltage which may heat ions, and it can preserve the structure of the ions. The rotationally averaged collision cross section (CCS) which is a physical property of ions reflecting the shape of the ions can be measured accurately on drift tube ion mobility. The resolving power is high (CCS resolution can be higher than 100). Drift tube ion mobility is widely used for structure analysis. It is usually coupled with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer.
1681:
199:
on the speed and magnitude of the travelling wave, ions can be separated. Smaller ions have higher mobility through the wave due to fewer collisions with gas molecules and exit the cell faster than ions of lower mobility (larger ions). Similar to DTIMS, CCS values of ions can be calculated with TWIMS using a calibration derived with known standards. A commercial example of the TWIMS-MS instrumentation is Waters Corp Synapt G2-S instrument.
87:
of the world's first commercial ion mobility-mass spectrometer instrument in 2006. The Synapt, as it is called, incorporates a pre ion mobility quadrupole allowing precursor ion selection prior to IMS separation further enhancing the flexibility of the ion mobility-mass spectrometry combinations. In 2013, Agilent
Technologies released the first commercial drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometer named 6560 with an 80 cm drift tube.
1705:
1693:
217:
signal-to-noise ratio is obviously improved because the noise can be physically separated with signal in IM-MS. In addition, isomers can be separated if their shapes are different. The peak capacity of IM-MS is much larger than MS so more compounds can be found and analyzed. This character is very critical for
198:
In TWIMS, ions are separated according to their mobility through a travelling wave in a gas filled cell. Both radio-frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) voltages are applied to a series of ring electrodes called a stacked ring ion guide (SRIG) to confine the ions and create a travelling wave. Based
165:
In DTIMS, ions are drifted through a tube whose length could vary from 5 cm to 300 cm using as electric field gradient. Smaller ions travel faster through the drift tube than ions with larger collision cross section. Thus, ions are separated based on their drift time through the tube. Drift
135:
The first stage of the instrument is an ion source where samples are converted to gas phase ions. Many ionization methods similar to those traditionally used for mass spectrometry have been employed for IM-MS depending on the physical state of the analyte. Gas phase samples are typically ionized with
86:
developed an IMS-TOF combination, using a co-axial IMS-TOF setup. In 1999 Clemmer developed an IMS-TOF with an orthogonal TOF system. This work led to the development of an ion mobility-quadrupole-CID-TOFMS instrument by
Micromass in the UK and ultimately led Micromass / Waters corporation to develop
207:
The traditional IM-MS instrument uses a time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometer interfaced to an IMS. The TOF-MS has many advantages including the high speed of data acquisition and good sensitivity. Since mass spectral data is acquired on a microsecond time scale, multiple mass spectra are collected
156:
There are different types of ion mobility spectrometers and there are different types of mass spectrometers. In principle it is possible to combine every type of the former with any type of the latter. However, in the real world, different types of ion mobility are coupled with different types of
225:
for the analysis of proteins, peptides, drug-like molecules and nano particles. Moreover, IM-MS can be used to monitor isomeric reaction intermediates and probe their kinetics. Recently, microscale FAIMS has been integrated with electrospray ionization MS and liquid chromatography MS to rapidly
229:
Recently, gas phase ion activation methods have been used to gain new insights into complex structures. Collision induced unfolding (CIU) is a technique in which an ion's internal energy is increased through collisions with a buffer gas prior to IM-MS analysis. Unfolding of the ion is observed
216:
The IM-MS technique can be used for analyzing complex mixtures based on differing mobilities in an electric field. The gas phase ion structure can be studied using IM-MS through measurement of the CCS and comparison with CCS of standard samples or CCS calculated from molecular modelling. The
226:
separate ions in milliseconds prior to mass analysis. The use of microscale FAIMS in electrospray ionization MS and liquid chromatography MS can significantly improve peak capacity and signal-to-noise for a range of applications including proteomics, and pharmaceutical analysis.
81:
In 1996 Guevremont et al. presented a poster at the ASMS conference about IMS-TOF. In 1997 Tanner patented a quadrupole with axial fields which can be used as a drift cell for IMS separation. He also mentions the combination of these quadrupoles with an orthogonal TOFMS. In 1998
94:
A variation of IMS-MS is differential ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DIMS-MS), in which gas phase ions are separated based on their ion mobility in varying strengths of electric fields. This analytical method is currently being advanced by
46:
method that separates gas phase ions based on their interaction with a collision gas and their masses. In the first step, the ions are separated according to their mobility through a buffer gas on a millisecond timescale using an
230:
through larger CCSs, and the energy at which unfolding occurs corresponds partially to noncovalent interactions within the ion. This technique has been used to differentiate polyubiquitin linkages and intact antibodies.
55:
can be determined on a microsecond timescale. The effective separation of analytes achieved with this method makes it widely applicable in the analysis of complex samples such as in proteomics and metabolomics.
1141:
Wagner ND, Clemmer DE, Russell DH (September 2017). "ESI-IM-MS and
Collision-Induced Unfolding That Provide Insight into the Linkage-Dependent Interfacial Interactions of Covalently Linked Diubiquitin".
1177:
Tian Y, Han L, Buckner AC, Ruotolo BT (November 2015). "Collision
Induced Unfolding of Intact Antibodies: Rapid Characterization of Disulfide Bonding Patterns, Glycosylation, and Structures".
427:
Henderson SC, Valentine SJ, Counterman AE, Clemmer DE (January 1999). "ESI/ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive analysis of biomolecular mixtures".
157:
mass spectrometers to achieve reasonable sensitivity. The main types of ion mobility spectrometers that have been coupled to a mass spectrometer for IM-MS applications are discussed below.
814:
Kolakowski BM, Mester Z (September 2007). "Review of applications of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and differential mobility spectrometry (DMS)".
174:
Also known as field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) or RF-DC ion mobility spectrometry is a technique in which ions are separated by the application of a
504:
Lanucara F, Holman SW, Gray CJ, Eyers CE (April 2014). "The power of ion mobility-mass spectrometry for structural characterization and the study of conformational dynamics".
221:
study which requires analyzing as many compounds as possible in a single run. It has been used in the detection of chemical warfare agents, detection of explosives, in
1425:
67:
has been called the father of ion mobility mass spectrometry. In the early 1960s, he coupled a low-field ion mobility drift cell to a sector mass spectrometer.
186:) waveform applied between two electrodes. Depending on the ratio of the high-field and low-field mobility of the ion, it will migrate toward one or the other
462:
Hoaglund CS, Valentine SJ, Sporleder CR, Reilly JP, Clemmer DE (June 1998). "Three-dimensional ion mobility/TOFMS analysis of electrosprayed biomolecules".
671:
990:
Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Toraño JS, Falcon-Perez JM, Williams C, Reichardt N, Boons GJ (March 2018). "Mass spectrometry for glycan biomarker discovery".
91:
are used to improve the ion transmission efficiency. The design thus greatly improved the sensitivity of ion mobility and allowed commercialization.
1608:
1355:
857:
Shvartsburg AA, Li F, Tang K, Smith RD (February 2007). "Distortion of ion structures by field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry".
17:
392:
Young C, Edelson D, Falconer WE (December 1970). "Water
Cluster Ions: Rates of Formation and Decomposition of Hydrates of the Hydronium Ion".
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1410:
1598:
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1271:
145:
1435:
1626:
1516:
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1335:
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1111:
Kabir KM, Donald WA (December 2017). "Microscale differential ion mobility spectrometry for field deployable chemical analysis".
239:
1651:
1415:
1027:
Angel LA, Majors LT, Dharmaratne AC, Dass A (August 2010). "Ion mobility mass spectrometry of Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18 nanoclusters".
357:
McKnight LG, McAfee KB, Sipler DP (5 December 1967). "Low-Field Drift
Velocities and Reactions of Nitrogen Ions in Nitrogen".
1340:
1232:
779:
Guevremont R (November 2004). "High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry: a new tool for mass spectrometry".
1345:
244:
314:
McDaniel E, Martin DW, Barnes WS (1962). "Drift Tube-Mass
Spectrometer for Studies of Low-Energy Ion-Molecule Reactions".
1578:
1697:
1375:
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1317:
672:"Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) of small molecules: separating and assigning structures to ions"
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1618:
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1641:
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1405:
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71:
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A drift-time ion mobility spectrometer. In IM-MS, the detector is typically a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
1636:
1583:
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1542:
148:(MALDI) for large mass molecules or laser desorption ionization (LDI) for molecules with smaller masses.
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1312:
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108:
48:
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1501:
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Gabelica V, Shvartsburg AA, Afonso C, Barran P, Benesch JL, Bleiholder C, et al. (May 2019).
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141:
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Hilgers R, Yong Teng S, Briš A, Pereverzev AY, White P, Jansen JJ, Roithová J (September 2022).
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1224:
1390:
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Kanu AB, Dwivedi P, Tam M, Matz L, Hill HH (January 2008). "Ion mobility-mass spectrometry".
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is a common method for ionizing samples in solution. Solid-phase analytes are ionized with
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51:. The separated ions are then introduced into a mass analyzer in a second step where their
43:
27:
8:
1537:
1506:
1380:
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1064:"Monitoring Reaction Intermediates to Predict Enantioselectivity Using Mass Spectrometry"
943:"Lipid analysis and lipidomics by structurally selective ion mobility-mass spectrometry"
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737:
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552:"Optimization of peptide separations by differential ion mobility spectrometry"
575:
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722:"Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements"
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Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
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Ion
Mobility Spectrometry - Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Applications
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612:"Review on ion mobility spectrometry. Part 1: current instrumentation"
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Cumeras R, Figueras E, Davis CE, Baumbach JI, Gràcia I (March 2015).
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426:
894:"Ion mobility-mass spectrometry: time-dispersive instrumentation"
183:
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609:
31:
Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) workflow
169:
1026:
1296:
136:
radioactive ionization, corona discharge ionization and
503:
74:
and ion mobility spectrometry was pioneered in 1963 at
856:
669:
550:
Isenberg SL, Armistead PM, Glish GL (September 2014).
549:
1176:
556:
Journal of the
American Society for Mass Spectrometry
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391:
356:
313:
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194:Travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS)
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813:
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1216:
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941:Kliman M, May JC, McLean JA (November 2011).
161:Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS)
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146:matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
36:Ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry
1272:
1258:
1217:Wilkins CL, Trimpin S (16 December 2010).
1136:
1134:
778:
670:Lapthorn C, Pullen F, Chowdhry BZ (2013).
151:
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917:
891:
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170:Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS)
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26:
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240:Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
14:
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245:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
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1113:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
992:TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
892:May JC, McLean JA (February 2015).
119:and colleagues in a recent review.
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131:Sample introduction and ionization
107:The IMS-MS is a combination of an
102:
25:
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316:Review of Scientific Instruments
72:time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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394:The Journal of Chemical Physics
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18:Ion mobility mass spectrometry
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1:
793:10.1016/S0021-9673(04)01478-5
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182:(RF) combined with a static (
1191:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03291
1156:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02932
959:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.016
273:Journal of Mass Spectrometry
115:, as discussed by Professor
7:
1543:Microchannel plate detector
781:Journal of Chromatography A
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1125:10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.011
1004:10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.015
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726:Mass Spectrometry Reviews
679:Mass Spectrometry Reviews
576:10.1007/s13361-014-0941-9
109:ion mobility spectrometer
49:ion mobility spectrometer
1558:Langmuir–Taylor detector
1225:Taylor & Francis US
178:asymmetric waveform at
152:Ion mobility separation
142:Electrospray ionization
1502:Quadrupole mass filter
1080:10.1002/anie.202205720
379:10.1103/PhysRev.164.62
127:
32:
1737:Laboratory techniques
125:
99:and the Glish Group.
53:mass-to-charge ratios
30:
1179:Analytical Chemistry
1144:Analytical Chemistry
898:Analytical Chemistry
859:Analytical Chemistry
464:Analytical Chemistry
429:Analytical Chemistry
44:analytical chemistry
1538:Electron multiplier
1507:Quadrupole ion trap
1185:(22): 11509–11515.
1150:(18): 10094–10103.
828:2007Ana...132..842K
738:2019MSRv...38..291G
691:2013MSRv...32...43L
628:2015Ana...140.1376C
568:2014JASMS..25.1592I
518:2014NatCh...6..281L
406:1970JChPh..53.4295Y
371:1967PhRv..164...62M
328:1962RScI...33....2M
285:2008JMSp...43....1K
70:The combination of
1074:(36): e202205720.
636:10.1039/C4AN01100G
526:10.1038/nchem.1889
128:
33:
1732:Mass spectrometry
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1718:
1281:Mass spectrometry
1234:978-1-4398-1324-9
1068:Angewandte Chemie
1041:10.1021/nn1012447
910:10.1021/ac504720m
871:10.1021/ac061306c
747:10.1002/mas.21585
699:10.1002/mas.21349
476:10.1021/ac980059c
470:(11): 2236–2242.
441:10.1021/ac9809175
414:10.1063/1.1673936
400:(11): 4295–4302.
336:10.1063/1.1717656
113:mass spectrometer
16:(Redirected from
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822:(9): 842–864.
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732:(3): 291–320.
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1512:Penning trap
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1238:. Retrieved
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1210:Bibliography
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685:(1): 43–71.
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365:(1): 62–70.
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212:Applications
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176:high-voltage
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140:techniques.
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106:
93:
80:
69:
63:
39:
35:
34:
1710:WikiProject
1553:Faraday cup
1492:Wien filter
1313:MS software
1240:27 November
1119:: 399–427.
1013:1874/364403
816:The Analyst
616:The Analyst
279:(1): 1–22.
89:Ion funnels
1726:Categories
1328:Ion source
322:(1): 2–7.
251:References
223:proteomics
97:Gary Glish
1589:Hybrid MS
344:0034-6748
188:electrode
76:Bell Labs
1686:Category
1531:Detector
1522:Orbitrap
1318:Acronyms
1199:26471104
1164:28841006
1098:35561144
1049:20731448
1029:ACS Nano
998:: 7–14.
977:21708282
928:25526595
879:17297950
844:17710259
801:15595648
766:30707468
707:22941854
654:25465076
594:24990303
534:24651194
301:18200615
234:See also
42:) is an
1698:Commons
1426:MALDESI
1089:9544535
968:3326421
919:4318620
824:Bibcode
757:6618043
734:Bibcode
687:Bibcode
645:4331213
624:Bibcode
585:4458851
564:Bibcode
514:Bibcode
484:9624897
449:9949724
402:Bibcode
367:Bibcode
324:Bibcode
281:Bibcode
84:Clemmer
60:History
1604:IMS/MS
1517:FT-ICR
1487:Sector
1231:
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219:-omics
111:and a
40:IMS-MS
1657:IRMPD
1609:CE-MS
1599:LC/MS
1594:GC/MS
1574:MS/MS
1461:SELDI
1421:MALDI
1416:LAESI
1356:DAPPI
675:(PDF)
1662:NETD
1627:BIRD
1446:SIMS
1441:SESI
1376:EESI
1371:DIOS
1366:DESI
1361:DART
1346:APPI
1341:APLI
1336:APCI
1292:Mass
1242:2012
1229:ISBN
1195:PMID
1160:PMID
1094:PMID
1045:PMID
973:PMID
951:1811
924:PMID
875:PMID
840:PMID
797:PMID
785:1058
762:PMID
703:PMID
650:PMID
590:PMID
530:PMID
480:PMID
445:PMID
340:ISSN
297:PMID
1667:SID
1652:HCD
1647:ETD
1642:EDD
1637:ECD
1632:CID
1584:AMS
1579:QqQ
1456:SSI
1436:PTR
1431:MIP
1411:ICP
1391:FAB
1386:ESI
1187:doi
1152:doi
1121:doi
1084:PMC
1076:doi
1037:doi
1008:hdl
1000:doi
996:100
963:PMC
955:doi
914:PMC
906:doi
867:doi
832:doi
820:132
789:doi
752:PMC
742:doi
695:doi
640:PMC
632:doi
620:140
580:PMC
572:doi
522:doi
472:doi
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410:doi
375:doi
363:164
332:doi
289:doi
1728::
1471:TS
1466:TI
1451:SS
1406:IA
1401:GD
1396:FD
1381:EI
1351:CI
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259:^
184:DC
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38:(
20:)
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