635:. Physically, Pulaski had facial hair and — despite his female sexual organs and the question of whether or not Pulaski was biologically a female or intersex — it is undeniable that his gender identity was presented as male. In a 2020 response piece by David Albert Jones, the author uses the case of Pulaski to argue that someone's initial anatomy does not impact their expression and experience of the cultural aspects of identifying as a different gender. Jones argues that this has historically impacted and continues to impact the social implications of transitioning, as well as where and in what situations, such as the United States military, that intersex people fit into.
45:
5384:
4483:
4203:
3915:
3581:
3144:
5372:
728:(VHA) does distinguish between surgeries for transgender individuals and intersex persons. In 2015, this allowed intersex persons to receive medically necessary treatment that was still prohibited for transgender people. This was because of the belief that intersex surgery caused "fewer practical concerns". However, a history of genital surgery prior to service is considered an acceptable reason to discharge a
615:
frequently in a unique predicament when it comes to intersex bodies. With their position of needing to discern between male and female bodies, they are exposed to a broad variety of people, such as those who are intersex whose bodies may not match either classification and are more difficult to make decisions on. This ambiguity leads to confusion regarding military medical, behavioral, and legal laws.
891:, even if they were always predominantly female in all but writing. Even if those in the Military human resources department are accepting and want to help these individuals, the established limitations would not allow them to give them assistance, whether or not these surgeries are happening as a veteran or even to "a decorated war hero".
666:
In May 2017, scholar Kelly L. Fisher stated that U.S. military policies prevented intersex, and transgender, people from serving openly. In April 2019, U.S. military policy stated that intersex is a rare exception to a "person’s biological status". Previously, in March 2017, a pamphlet from the Navy
662:
existed within the U.S. military. In
November 2008, the official policy of the U.S. Army and U.S. Marines was that intersex individuals, along with those who were transgender, or had other reported "disorders", had medical or psychological problems, meaning that they were ineligible to serve. In the
804:
released a report concluding that most of the military's beliefs about intersex people were myths and that neither intersex nor transgender peoples' medical problems posed any barrier to effective service. The study also argued that the rigidity of sexual difference, gender roles, and sexuality are
772:
system which affects transgender and intersex veterans, noting "their experiences with healthcare services provided by the VHA", pointing out VHA directives promulgated over the years, including a directive in
February 2013, and discrimination that intersex veterans face. The study concluded that
614:
but does exclude many based on the form of their status. Policies regarding all intersex people are not addressed formally although depending on the type of sex variation some intersex people are allowed to serve. The United States military and their requirements for service makes it so they are
894:
This was mended in 2011 by the
Department of Veteran Affairs with the creation of the "Directive for Providing Health Care for Transgender and Intersex Veterans". Before this, transgender veterans described their care as at the Veterans Association as "inconsistent, insensitive, and, at times,
760:
as a youth due to the prevalence of homophobia in the armed forces. Their parents hid Zzyym's status as intersex from them and Zzyym discovered their identity and the surgeries their parents had approved for them by themselves after their Navy service. Zzyym is the first veteran to be issued a
744:
also did not touch on the state of intersex personnel, and it was unclear if the ban would have any intentional or unintentional effects on them. A case against the attempted ban noted that the VHA had begun health care for transgender and intersex veterans following a June 2011 order.
646:
detectives, was subjected to a medical procedure, but announced as a man to the surprised of
Burnham's interrogators. Burham later changed the first name to Edgar, and has been described as "the first person" in U.S. history "to be lawfully married as both an adult male and female".
855:
which joked about his opinion on the subject, claiming that including intersex people would be advantageous to the military, since they could "pursue enemies into both men's and women's restrooms". This joke was poorly received by some, including writers of
976:
is obliged to follow the guidelines set by the military and has rejected intersex youth because of this. This, along with their exclusion of transgender people, has led to criticism from and of schools such as
Harvard which did not allow the ROTC until
895:
prejudiced". This included situations such as transgender males being denied mammograms and transgender females being denied prostate exams, a bias that presumably extended to intersex individuals whose genders could not be easily discerned.
5166:
4372:
791:
In a 2022 book about gender, identity, and behavior in the U.S. military, scholars concluded that the status of transgender and intersex people in the U.S. military is unresolved due to "legal, political, and regulatory battles".
2869:
4646:
2312:
5220:
4336:
824:
who stated that "intersex people aren't welcome to serve, but no one's quite sure how and why", but did not elaborate on if they believed this referred to all conditions or just visible ones. Along with trans and
1763:
3953:
3619:
1046:
2179:
4737:
3746:
3741:
702:; dated April 10, 2010" instruction, entitled "Medical Standards For Appointment, Enlistment, Or Induction", is the one that identifies the preclusion of some intersex people from serving in the military.
928:, the official policy is that individuals who identify as intersex or have other sex-related disorders are medically problematic and/or psychologically disturbed; hence, they are not eligible to serve.
887:, intersex people were also banned from these surgeries. This meant that someone who was in the military presenting as male in their records could not transition to a female identity with help from the
732:. The acceptance of transgender individuals in 2016 by the Armed Forces did not touch on intersex people and they are still subject to specific reviews before enlistment, as noted before. An intersex
1604:
4271:
2614:
1699:
654:
stated that the U.S. military saw intersex and transgender individuals as "medically and psychologically deviant", with medical reasons being a disqualifying factor, with the report arguing that
912:
recruiters think that intersex people should be disqualified from service due to "the expected increased demand for medical treatments" but intersex persons are still allowed to serve in the
3639:
1079:
3678:
5139:
4345:
4002:
3946:
3628:
3612:
27:
2581:
2379:
805:"becoming increasingly less absolute," which could raise questions regarding the admission, retention, training, housing, and other services of intersex individuals in the armed forces.
4433:
4012:
3655:
2121:
2856:
5410:
812:
implied that intersex people were always banned from service. However, this claim was contradicted by a veteran who stated that she was allowed to serve openly and be deployed during
5171:
3997:
2453:
2146:
1836:
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1870:
741:
4007:
3919:
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2323:
2034:
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5264:
4283:
1036:
2483:
964:
recruiters believed that intersex people should be disqualified from service, mainly due to the expectation that they would cause increased demand for medical treatment.
1785:
1755:
280:
1334:
712:
the military's policy on genital differences is explicitly discriminatory. Despite the steady increase of other previously excluded members into the military since the
4519:
3862:
4360:
4118:
4058:
263:
1921:
5355:
5045:
5032:
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2897:
2169:
3683:
1732:
1280:
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4048:
2417:
5119:
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862:, who stated that it was both insulting to intersex people and a play on the negative stereotype of trans people as potential bathroom sexual predators, and
3000:
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1249:
2647:
5269:
5239:
5161:
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1619:
23:
2834:
2604:
1686:
1107:
4470:
4288:
4276:
4095:
4034:
2968:
1579:
720:", there has not been much change with respect to the status of intersex people. Military medical policies still prevent intersex people from serving
4123:
4065:
5178:
5154:
4350:
4053:
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3113:
94:
19:
1069:
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4161:
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4594:
4512:
4128:
2573:
2383:
982:
713:
2290:
5309:
4298:
4266:
4146:
4100:
784:
In
February 2021, Lavelle Wollam described experience of being denied from the U.S. military because Wollam was intersex. In March 2021, the
724:. However, the military does provide some surgeries for intersex people which they deem 'medically necessary' as opposed to 'cosmetic'. The
4450:
4043:
888:
778:
2443:
2134:
5129:
5075:
4445:
1208:
1150:
985:, but welcomed them afterwards. The critics argue that the return of the ROTC to campus violates the school's non-discrimination clause.
1177:
5195:
1950:
1844:
585:
1880:
5388:
5215:
4505:
4331:
4207:
3845:
3736:
1005:
737:
5188:
694:, there is a long list of disqualifying genital differences that are used to bar individuals from service. For example, having one
2259:
1988:
5234:
5022:
4713:
4703:
4384:
4234:
4082:
4029:
2026:
999:
2060:
1954:
686:
are largely excluded from military service. This practice is believed to have been first introduced in 1961, alongside a ban on
5227:
5109:
4658:
4415:
4321:
3544:
3091:
2475:
773:
more needed to be done to ensure the VA provides transgender and intersex veterans with "adequate healthcare". In June 2019, a
659:
520:
72:
2514:
2313:
Promoting and
Protecting the Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Persons Around the World
1792:
1109:
Gender identity and the military : transgender, transsexual, and intersex-identified individuals in the U.S. Armed Forces
5345:
3820:
3479:
1367:
445:
348:
1311:
5210:
5205:
5134:
5124:
5114:
4316:
4110:
3484:
3271:
3231:
3108:
3078:
2927:
994:
611:
450:
258:
218:
89:
60:
820:
also refuted Hunter's claims in a statement on her blog. In contrast, another response to Hunter was from Choire Sicha of
5294:
4804:
4420:
3981:
973:
733:
478:
3030:
2887:
5350:
5299:
4989:
4487:
4379:
4258:
4227:
3840:
3057:
1722:
1272:
883:
Intersex veterans are entitled to "medically necessary" surgeries. When transgender people were banned from receiving
631:
general, was exhumed and studied, several female features were found which led to speculation that
Pulaski was likely
4528:
2363:
1902:
1552:
740:
expressed that he was afraid and uncertain of what would become of him after the passing of the bill. The subsequent
788:
stating that U.S. military would be "promoting and protecting the human rights" of intersex and other LGBTQ people.
5274:
5040:
4326:
4308:
4293:
4250:
3962:
3900:
3128:
2117:
1154:
109:
2670:
2409:
4650:
4410:
4138:
3815:
3454:
3330:
3320:
2990:
2542:
1342:
1241:
841:", which drew criticism from several intersex advocates and allies since it is a medically inaccurate term for a
753:
420:
287:
270:
2637:
1786:"DOD INSTRUCTION 6130.03 MEDICAL STANDARDS FOR APPOINTMENT, ENLISTMENT, OR INDUCTION INTO THE MILITARY SERVICES"
4394:
4156:
3464:
3449:
3236:
3177:
3153:
3118:
2255:
851:
774:
769:
725:
578:
430:
415:
223:
193:
155:
127:
99:
5325:
5065:
4954:
4919:
4428:
3167:
3101:
2824:
1128:
140:
82:
2950:
1568:
4994:
4899:
4859:
3394:
3389:
3373:
3356:
3281:
3162:
2355:
952:
takes the same stance as the Army, disqualifying both intersex people and transgender people from service.
360:
355:
335:
318:
253:
135:
1497:
4959:
4949:
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3710:
3414:
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3351:
3182:
978:
717:
380:
330:
313:
160:
5080:
4874:
4789:
4676:
4599:
3517:
3424:
3346:
3325:
2319:
949:
785:
628:
607:
488:
390:
308:
300:
275:
2764:
Marom, Tal; Itskoviz, David; Ostfeld, Ishay (November 2008). "Intersex patients in military service".
2061:"Discriminating Gender: Legal, Medical, and Social Presumptions About Transgender and Intersex People"
4909:
4904:
4779:
4642:
3566:
3474:
3469:
3439:
3419:
3399:
3266:
2642:
2252:
Diversity, Inclusion, and Equal
Opportunity in the Armed Services: Background and Issues for Congress
1756:"A Reminder About Those In LGBT Community Who Won't Be Able To Serve When DADT Repeal Is Implemented"
872:
833:
groups which he believes to be unfit for service because he holds the belief that they would disrupt
571:
557:
440:
435:
405:
385:
365:
243:
4999:
4964:
4869:
4844:
4670:
4605:
3459:
3444:
3434:
3429:
3409:
3404:
3086:
2282:
1013:
884:
425:
410:
400:
395:
375:
370:
67:
2703:
2203:"Addressing the Needs of Transgender Military Veterans: Better Access and More Comprehensive Care"
1444:
875:
noted the "struggles for autonomy" for intersex individuals within existing "military frameworks"
4984:
4934:
4914:
4889:
4879:
4864:
4854:
4839:
4819:
4794:
4784:
4774:
4732:
4698:
4543:
3716:
3276:
3025:
248:
145:
663:
U.S. Navy and Air Force, individuals were disqualified because of assumed "medical treatments".
5200:
5004:
4979:
4884:
4824:
4799:
4769:
4759:
4151:
3363:
3286:
3209:
3050:
325:
187:
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2349:
1540:
1218:
5340:
4939:
4894:
4834:
4809:
4764:
4708:
4665:
4612:
4576:
4563:
4070:
3876:
3830:
3700:
3133:
3096:
3074:
2864:
1636:
Schvey, Natasha A.; Klein, David A.; Pearlman, Arielle T.; Riggs, David S. (September 2020).
1213:
1185:
940:. However, they must choose to be represented as either "male" or "female" on their records.
937:
114:
77:
56:
4969:
4849:
4814:
4618:
3660:
3507:
3241:
1837:"Does VA distinguish between transsexual gender-confirmation surgery and intersex surgery?"
1304:"Buried Secrets: Eastern anthropology expert Megan Moore puts historical questions to rest"
510:
473:
228:
837:. At the time when speaking about the subject he referred to intersex people by the term "
8:
5070:
4974:
4929:
4829:
4556:
3752:
3690:
2995:
2892:
1917:
1727:
1396:
683:
603:
150:
2605:"Trans Soldiers Are a Terrorist Bathroom Joke to NPR. But What About Real-Life T-roops?"
4719:
2739:
2507:"Rep. Hunter Warns Against Opening The Military To "Transgenders" And "Hermaphrodites""
2251:
2227:
2202:
2088:
1977:
1687:"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Why The US Military's Transgender Ban Unraveled So Quickly"
1662:
1637:
1472:
1424:
1359:
765:
639:
5335:
4582:
3883:
3773:
3766:
3705:
3585:
3539:
3261:
3043:
2960:
2829:
2789:
2781:
2731:
2723:
2359:
2232:
2093:
1946:
1667:
1638:"A Descriptive Study of Transgender Active Duty Service Members in the U.S. Military"
1548:
1518:
1477:
1450:
1428:
1416:
1120:
238:
4497:
2743:
1178:"The Female Pelvis of Casimir Pulaski: Misidentified Skeleton or Intersex War Hero?"
5014:
4188:
3311:
2773:
2715:
2506:
2222:
2214:
2083:
2075:
1913:
1657:
1649:
1575:
1510:
1467:
1459:
1408:
1351:
913:
826:
809:
2857:"A human rights investigation into the medical "normalization" of intersex people"
3869:
2719:
1303:
1041:
757:
624:
2919:
845:
and is seen as a slur in the 20th century. His comments were also mocked on the
5330:
4626:
4569:
4183:
3759:
3695:
3296:
3123:
2777:
2574:"Wait, Wait, Please Do Tell Us, NPR, What Is So Funny About Intersexed People?"
1514:
909:
817:
729:
695:
542:
104:
3931:
1978:"Evolving two spirit awareness and roles in native and non native communities"
5404:
5246:
3825:
3256:
3246:
3204:
3194:
3172:
2964:
2785:
2727:
2675:
2138:
1909:
1420:
1124:
838:
834:
468:
233:
182:
172:
4219:
3870:
Unfriendly Fire: How the Gay Ban
Undermines the Military and Weakens America
2283:"Transgender Military Ban Or Not, Intersex People Like Me Still Can't Serve"
5376:
3554:
3549:
3199:
3189:
2793:
2735:
2348:
Bailey, Beth; Doan, Alesha E.; Portillo, Shannon; Vuic, Kara Dixon (2022).
2236:
2218:
2142:
2097:
2079:
1671:
1653:
1522:
1481:
1463:
1209:"A tale of two Pulaskis: Savannah to celebrate historic general's birthday"
1175:
1074:
813:
687:
530:
525:
177:
167:
2704:"Transgender People in the Military: Don't Ask? Don't Tell? Don't Enlist!"
781:
provides "medically necessary care" to intersex and transgender veterans.
3810:
3559:
1694:
1116:
1009:, historical novel about Casimir Pulaski which covers his intersex status
858:
842:
801:
707:
691:
671:
655:
651:
535:
515:
1146:
1070:"Leading Advocacy Group for Gay Rights in the US Military Shutting Down"
1037:"Leading Advocacy Group for Gay Rights in the US Military Shutting Down"
4751:
3512:
3306:
3291:
2955:
2671:"Veteran born with male and female anatomy wants VA to pay for surgery"
1412:
1363:
749:
742:
attempt at banning transgender troops by President Donald Trump in 2017
721:
643:
483:
3143:
667:
and Marine Corps Public Health Center mentioned intersex individuals.
44:
3534:
3251:
1615:
961:
925:
505:
1871:"VHA Issues New Directive on Trans and Intersex Veteran Health Care"
1355:
28:
Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military
3835:
3066:
2448:
2122:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
632:
35:
2351:
Managing Sex in the U. S. Military: Gender, Identity, and Behavior
2201:
Dietert, Michelle; Dentice, Dianne; Keig, Zander (March 1, 2017).
2170:"U.S. Court rules for Colorado 'intersex' veteran denied passport"
3225:
2609:
2174:
2135:"Lambda Legal Client Dana Zzyym Receives First 'X' U.S. Passport"
1397:"Gender Identity, Analogy and Virtue: A Response Newton and Watt"
1176:
Virginia Hutton Estabrook, Melissa A Powell (November 18, 2016).
864:
821:
212:
2380:"Palm Center Releases Study on Gender Identity in U.S. Military"
3627:
3524:
756:
made it out of the question for them to be associated with the
547:
495:
4590:
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
2476:"Attn: Rep Hunter, Intersex People CAN Serve in the Military"
1947:"Transgender persons and transsexuals in the military Part 1"
1875:
830:
5305:
History of violence against LGBT people in the United States
5265:
U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions
674:
soldiers in the U.S. military, 0.5% identified as intersex.
600:
service of intersex people in the United States Armed Forces
3529:
3035:
1335:"Impossible Hermaphrodites: Intersex in America, 1620–1960"
500:
3863:
Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the U.S. Military
602:
are vague and inconsistent due to the wide range of human
5411:
Intersex people and military service in the United States
2013:
Inclusion in the American Military: A Force for Diversity
846:
552:
4635:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
1635:
2888:"LETTER: ROTC Discriminates Against Transgender People"
698:
can make a man ineligible for service. Enclosure 4 of "
5416:
LGBTQ people and military service in the United States
2347:
5356:
Disney and Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act
4527:
2763:
1578:. April 12, 2019. p. 6-1. COMDTINST M1000.13A.
5270:
Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state
1534:
1532:
24:
Transgender personnel in the United States military
3031:Veterans Day: No one gets left behind or forgotten
2702:Yerke, Adam F.; Mitchell, Valory (February 2013).
2200:
1920:Task Force on Military Engagement. March 4, 2011.
1721:Bakkila, Samuel; Hui Lee, Jia (January 28, 2011).
1547:. Nebraska: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 309.
1496:
1443:
4066:Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece
2543:"DADT: And Then They Came For The Hermaphrodites"
2444:"The great hermaphrodites-in-the-military debate"
829:, Hunter includes intersex people on his list of
682:People born with non-standard genital anatomy or
5402:
2949:McCarthy, Timothy Patrick (September 26, 2012).
1529:
642:, a person named Ellen Burnham, was arrested by
20:Sexual orientation in the United States military
3961:
2885:
1976:Taylor, Tavis J.; Bell, Shaquita (March 2017).
1903:Report of the Task Force on Military Engagement
2638:"Do Gender Minorities Belong in the Military?"
1720:
1678:
5310:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
4513:
4249:
4235:
3947:
3613:
3051:
2701:
2382:(Press release). May 31, 2007. Archived from
2054:
2052:
943:
579:
5172:State bans on local anti-discrimination laws
2886:Balasubramanian, Janani (February 3, 2011).
2822:
2410:"Gender, Sexuality and Joining the Military"
1820:Life Course Perspectives on Military Service
1017:, documentary about Pulaskis intersex status
936:Intersex people are allowed to serve in the
931:
889:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
779:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
3629:LGBT+ people and the United States military
2504:
4738:Presidential Memorandum of August 25, 2017
4520:
4506:
4242:
4228:
3954:
3940:
3620:
3606:
3058:
3044:
2823:Tsoulis-Reay, Alexa (September 15, 2015).
2602:
2049:
1975:
1951:Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
1612:Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center
1543:. In McNulty, Yvonne; Selmer, Jan (eds.).
903:
586:
572:
3846:Transgender American Veterans Association
2951:"After DADT Repeal: Choosing Our Battles"
2825:"What It's Like to Be an Intersex Nudist"
2226:
2087:
1841:Transgender American Veterans Association
1661:
1471:
1239:
1144:
1006:Pulaski: The Forgotten Hero of Two Worlds
677:
5189:Florida Parental Rights in Education Act
4595:Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
2948:
2668:
2635:
2168:Goldberg, Barbara (September 20, 2018).
2167:
2024:
1605:"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity"
1273:"DNA from Pulaski monument inconclusive"
4714:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
4704:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
4284:History of violence against LGBT people
3977:LGBT military and veteran organizations
2971:from the original on September 27, 2018
2603:Villarreal, Daniel (February 9, 2010).
2584:from the original on September 19, 2020
2571:
2517:from the original on September 27, 2018
2486:from the original on September 26, 2018
2407:
2249:
1753:
1735:from the original on September 26, 2018
1705:from the original on February 11, 2022.
1498:"Intersex Patients in Military Service"
1301:
1206:
1000:Transgender people and military service
5403:
4659:G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board
2924:Stanford Students for Queer Liberation
2900:from the original on September 7, 2022
2805:
2803:
2505:Finkelstein, Matt (February 3, 2010).
2293:from the original on November 26, 2022
2280:
2058:
1684:
1538:
1390:
1388:
1157:from the original on December 14, 2022
1105:
690:. According to a 2007 report from the
660:discrimination against intersex people
5346:Arnold Schwarzenegger and LGBT rights
4501:
4223:
3935:
3821:American Military Partner Association
3601:
3039:
2875:from the original on October 6, 2022.
2837:from the original on December 7, 2022
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2617:from the original on December 2, 2021
2553:from the original on November 6, 2022
2540:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2456:from the original on November 6, 2022
2441:
2437:
2435:
2420:from the original on November 6, 2022
2408:Polacek, Summer (February 10, 2010).
2403:
2401:
2113:Jane Doe 2, et al. v. Donald J. Trump
2027:"LGBTQ Concerns in the 2020 Election"
1994:from the original on January 23, 2022
1957:from the original on January 17, 2022
1868:
1864:
1862:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1813:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1494:
1442:White, Jonathan W. (September 2016).
1441:
1394:
1270:
1252:from the original on February 6, 2023
1101:
1099:
1097:
1082:from the original on December 4, 2022
1068:Kime, Patricia (September 26, 2022).
1034:
955:
919:
2650:from the original on October 1, 2018
2572:Sandeen, Autumn (February 8, 2010).
2281:Wollam, Lavelle (February 1, 2021).
2182:from the original on January 3, 2023
2149:from the original on January 3, 2023
2037:from the original on October 3, 2022
1927:from the original on January 8, 2023
1834:
1332:
1182:American Anthropological Association
1067:
1049:from the original on August 30, 2022
995:Intersex rights in the United States
5295:LGBT movements in the United States
4421:LGBT movements in the United States
3982:Same-sex unions and military policy
2800:
2250:Kamarck, Kristy N. (June 5, 2019).
1778:
1385:
1240:Roseberry, J.R. (October 3, 2017).
808:In 2010, Republican representative
748:Intersex activist and Navy veteran
610:as a whole does not officially ban
479:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
5351:LGBT protests against Donald Trump
5300:LGBTQ history in the United States
3841:American Veterans for Equal Rights
3003:from the original on July 26, 2021
2991:"Moving Forward with the Military"
2930:from the original on March 8, 2020
2750:
2669:Abrahams, Tom (December 3, 2014).
2541:Sicha, Choire (February 3, 2010).
2529:
2432:
2398:
2262:from the original on March 2, 2022
1859:
1825:
1810:
1747:
1723:"Continued Discrimination in ROTC"
1709:
1333:Reis, Elizabeth (September 2005).
1283:from the original on April 4, 2019
1145:Pinkowski, Jack (April 18, 2008).
1094:
754:their family's military background
700:Induction in the Military Services
650:A 2007 report commissioned by the
43:
14:
5427:
4529:LGBTQ rights in the United States
3019:
2683:from the original on July 2, 2015
1869:Steve, Williams (June 13, 2011).
1766:from the original on July 4, 2022
1585:from the original on May 26, 2019
1395:Jones, David Albert (July 2020).
1314:from the original on May 18, 2022
1035:Cohen, Rachel S. (May 13, 2021).
5383:
5382:
5370:
5275:Sodomy laws in the United States
4482:
4481:
4202:
4201:
3914:
3913:
3901:LGBT people and military service
3580:
3579:
3142:
3129:Sex characteristics (legal term)
2636:Champion, River (May 14, 2018).
2322:. March 12, 2021. Archived from
2025:Stephens, Jen (April 19, 2020).
1835:Evan, Young (December 5, 2015).
1545:Research Handbook of Expatriates
974:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
110:Sex characteristics (legal term)
4727:DoD Directive 1304.26
4411:African-American LGBT community
3816:Veterans Benevolent Association
2983:
2942:
2912:
2879:
2849:
2816:
2695:
2662:
2629:
2596:
2565:
2498:
2468:
2442:Smith, Ben (February 3, 2010).
2372:
2341:
2305:
2274:
2243:
2194:
2161:
2127:
2105:
2018:
2006:
1969:
1939:
1895:
1754:Sandeen, Autumn (May 5, 2021).
1685:Belkin, Aaron (June 28, 2016).
1629:
1597:
1561:
1488:
1435:
1343:The Journal of American History
1326:
1207:Landers, Mary (March 3, 2016).
871:In May 2018, River Champion in
816:as an intersex woman. Activist
4395:Gender identity under Title IX
4390:Transgender disenfranchisement
2256:Congressional Research Service
1295:
1264:
1233:
1200:
1169:
1138:
1061:
1028:
775:Congressional Research Service
770:Department of Veterans Affairs
726:Veterans Health Administration
598:The regulations regarding the
1:
5326:Congressional Equality Caucus
4429:HIV/AIDS in the United States
4289:History of transgender people
1791:. May 6, 2018. Archived from
1271:Bynum, Russ (June 22, 2005).
1021:
898:
670:In a September 2020 study of
638:In November 1861, during the
4455:Lists of LGBT organizations
3374:International Intersex Forum
3163:Disorders of sex development
3065:
2720:10.1080/00918369.2013.744933
2356:University of Nebraska Press
2102:Zzyym case is on pages 84-89
1569:Military Transgender Service
1495:Marom, Taj (November 2008).
612:intersex people from service
336:International Intersex Forum
136:Disorders of sex development
7:
4416:Population and demographics
3963:LGBT people in the military
3369:Intersex Day of Remembrance
3232:Civil society organizations
2811:Operative Pediatric Surgery
1445:"A Civil War Hermaphrodite"
988:
878:
852:Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
795:
331:Intersex Day of Remembrance
219:Civil society organizations
10:
5432:
4677:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
4600:Violence Against Women Act
3326:Sex verification in sports
2778:10.7205/MILMED.173.11.1132
2320:U.S. Department of Defense
1985:Canadian Pediatric Society
1515:10.7205/MILMED.173.11.1132
944:United States Marine Corps
786:U.S. Department of Defense
764:In March 2017, a study in
629:American Revolutionary War
618:
608:United States Armed Forces
276:Sex verification in sports
17:
5364:
5318:
5287:
5255:
5184:Anti-LGBT curriculum laws
5162:Employment discrimination
5105:
5098:
5054:
5031:
5013:
4750:
4729:("Don't ask, don't tell")
4687:
4551:
4542:
4535:
4479:
4403:
4368:Employment discrimination
4307:
4257:
4251:LGBT in the United States
4197:
4176:
4137:
4109:
4081:
4028:
4021:
3990:
3969:
3909:
3893:
3854:
3803:
3785:
3727:
3669:
3648:
3635:
3575:
3567:Sex differences in humans
3500:
3382:
3339:
3218:
3152:
3140:
3073:
2643:E-International Relations
2124: September 21, 2018).
1539:Fisher, Kelly L. (2017).
932:United States Coast Guard
873:E-International Relations
761:gender-neutral passport.
5076:Northern Mariana Islands
4671:Respect for Marriage Act
4606:United States v. Windsor
3795:Ban on "hermaphroditism"
3656:LGBT veterans healthcare
3087:Compulsory sterilization
2708:Journal of Homosexuality
885:sex reassignment surgery
738:sex reassignment surgery
68:Compulsory sterilization
5120:Conversion therapy bans
4733:Defense of Marriage Act
4699:Immigration Act of 1917
3717:United States v. Marcum
2068:Southwestern Law Review
1106:Witten, Tarynn (2007).
1014:The General Was Female?
967:
904:United States Air Force
827:non-heterosexual people
777:report stated that the
5130:Housing discrimination
4152:Wartime cross-dressing
3545:Non-binary recognition
3364:Intersex Awareness Day
3287:Ancient Greek religion
3210:Sexual differentiation
3026:LGBTQ Veterans' Issues
2920:"SSQL'S ROTC Argument"
2258:. p. 54. R44321.
2219:10.1089/trgh.2016.0040
2080:10.1089/trgh.2016.0040
2059:Dolgan, Janet (2017).
1953:. September 22, 2012.
1695:Michael D. Palm Center
1654:10.1089/trgh.2019.0044
1541:"Military expatriates"
1464:10.1089/trgh.2019.0044
1302:Samoray, Jeff (2018).
1117:Michael D. Palm Center
692:Michael D. Palm Center
678:Policies and treatment
652:Michael D. Palm Center
521:Non-binary recognition
326:Intersex Awareness Day
188:Sexual differentiation
48:
5341:LGBT people in prison
5216:Domestic partnerships
5196:Public accommodations
4709:Executive Order 10450
4666:Executive Order 13988
4613:Executive Order 13672
4577:Executive Order 13087
4564:Executive Order 12968
4356:Transgender personnel
4071:Sacred Band of Thebes
4059:In the United Kingdom
3877:Coming Out Under Fire
3831:Servicemembers United
3720: (C.A.A.F. 2004)
3711:Don't ask, don't tell
3701:Executive Order 10450
3237:Fictional characters
3178:Medical interventions
3134:Yogyakarta Principles
3119:Medical interventions
2865:Human Rights Campaign
1883:on September 26, 2018
1847:on September 26, 2018
1798:on September 27, 2018
1214:Savannah Morning News
1147:"The Pulaski Mystery"
1134:on November 21, 2016.
979:Don't ask, don't tell
938:Coast Guard Auxiliary
718:Don't ask, don't tell
623:When the skeleton of
224:Fictional characters
156:Medical interventions
115:Yogyakarta Principles
100:Medical interventions
47:
18:Further information:
5201:Religious exemptions
5023:District of Columbia
4647:Harris Funeral Homes
4619:Obergefell v. Hodges
4464:Rights organizations
4346:LGBT in the military
4332:Domestic partnership
4272:First to hold office
4147:In the United States
4119:In the United States
4091:In the United States
4054:In the United States
2511:Political Correction
2482:. February 7, 2010.
2145:. October 24, 2021.
2118:18 USCA 5257
1373:on November 29, 2018
1188:on November 30, 2018
696:undescended testicle
511:Anti-gender movement
281:at the Olympic Games
5086:U.S. Virgin Islands
4557:One, Inc. v. Olesen
4434:Veterans healthcare
4277:Members of Congress
3691:Newport sex scandal
3219:Society and culture
2996:The Harvard Crimson
2893:The Harvard Crimson
1918:Columbia University
1728:The Harvard Crimson
1625:on October 1, 2018.
1242:"Pondering Pulaski"
752:has expressed that
684:ambiguous genitalia
604:intersex conditions
207:Society and culture
5235:Transgender rights
5155:Sexual orientation
4720:Bowers v. Hardwick
4471:Youth homelessness
4441:LGBTQ+ Pride Month
4385:Transgender rights
4351:Sexual orientation
4337:by municipal areas
4083:Transgender people
4049:In the Netherlands
4030:Sexual orientation
3671:Sexual orientation
3340:History and events
2868:. April 28, 2005.
2414:Voice of San Diego
2329:on January 1, 2023
2207:Transgender Health
1642:Transgender Health
1413:10.1111/nbfr.12548
956:United States Navy
920:United States Army
766:Transgender Health
734:National Guardsman
49:
5398:
5397:
5336:Save Our Children
5283:
5282:
5094:
5093:
4746:
4745:
4583:Lawrence v. Texas
4495:
4494:
4459:community centers
4446:Retirement issues
4217:
4216:
4172:
4171:
3929:
3928:
3884:OutServe Magazine
3774:Stockman v. Trump
3767:Karnoski v. Trump
3706:Crittenden Report
3595:
3594:
3540:Non-binary gender
3508:Children's rights
3383:Rights by country
3262:Intersex and LGBT
3168:Genetic diagnosis
3114:Malta declaration
3109:Legal recognition
2999:. March 8, 2011.
2772:(11): 1132–1135.
2766:Military Medicine
2137:(Press release).
1503:Military Medicine
1451:Civil War History
1407:(1094): 478–489.
849:comedy news show
596:
595:
474:Children's rights
349:Rights by country
239:Intersex and LGBT
141:Genetic diagnosis
95:Malta declaration
90:Legal recognition
5423:
5386:
5385:
5377:LGBTQ portal
5375:
5374:
5373:
5103:
5102:
5015:Federal district
4651:Altitude Express
4549:
4548:
4540:
4539:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4485:
4484:
4373:Local ordinances
4244:
4237:
4230:
4221:
4220:
4205:
4204:
4189:Pink certificate
4026:
4025:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3917:
3916:
3855:Works on subject
3622:
3615:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3583:
3582:
3272:Military service
3146:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2714:(2–3): 436–457.
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2031:Options Magazine
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1907:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1879:. Archived from
1866:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1843:. Archived from
1832:
1823:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1618:. Archived from
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1576:U.S. Coast Guard
1573:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1366:. Archived from
1339:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:Connect Savannah
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1221:on April 4, 2019
1217:. Archived from
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1184:. Archived from
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1127:. Archived from
1114:
1103:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1032:
983:repealed in 2010
914:Civil Air Patrol
810:Duncan D. Hunter
588:
581:
574:
32:
31:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5371:
5369:
5360:
5314:
5279:
5257:
5251:
5221:by municipality
5206:Same-sex unions
5167:by municipality
5135:Intersex rights
5090:
5057:
5050:
5027:
5009:
4742:
4691:
4689:
4683:
4531:
4526:
4496:
4491:
4475:
4399:
4361:Intersex people
4317:Same-sex unions
4303:
4253:
4248:
4218:
4213:
4193:
4168:
4133:
4111:Intersex people
4105:
4077:
4032:
4017:
3986:
3965:
3960:
3930:
3925:
3905:
3889:
3850:
3799:
3787:Intersex people
3781:
3723:
3665:
3644:
3631:
3626:
3596:
3591:
3571:
3496:
3378:
3335:
3214:
3148:
3147:
3138:
3069:
3064:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2801:
2762:
2751:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2539:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2440:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2406:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2386:on July 7, 2007
2378:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2358:. p. 231.
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2248:
2244:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1867:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1719:
1710:
1702:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1537:
1530:
1493:
1489:
1440:
1436:
1401:New Blackfriars
1393:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1356:10.2307/3659273
1337:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1277:StarNews Online
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1174:
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1143:
1139:
1131:
1112:
1104:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1042:Air Force Times
1033:
1029:
1024:
991:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
906:
901:
881:
798:
758:queer community
680:
625:Casimir Pulaski
621:
592:
563:
562:
558:Sex differences
464:
456:
455:
351:
341:
340:
304:
293:
292:
208:
200:
199:
131:
120:
119:
63:
30:
12:
11:
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5429:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5396:
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5392:
5380:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5331:Lavender Scare
5328:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5213:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5115:Age of consent
5112:
5106:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5066:American Samoa
5062:
5060:
5056:Unincorporated
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5046:Indian Country
5043:
5037:
5035:
5033:Tribal nations
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:South Carolina
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4920:North Carolina
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4655:
4639:
4631:
4627:Pavan v. Smith
4623:
4615:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4579:
4574:
4570:Romer v. Evans
4566:
4561:
4552:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4525:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4184:Blue discharge
4180:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4139:Cross-dressing
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4096:In South Korea
4093:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3760:Stone v. Trump
3756:
3749:
3744:
3737:Ban on service
3733:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3696:Blue discharge
3693:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3480:United Kingdom
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3297:Hermaphroditus
3294:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3124:Sex assignment
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3092:Discrimination
3089:
3083:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3020:External links
3018:
3015:
3014:
2982:
2941:
2911:
2878:
2848:
2815:
2799:
2749:
2694:
2661:
2628:
2595:
2564:
2528:
2497:
2467:
2431:
2397:
2371:
2364:
2340:
2304:
2273:
2242:
2193:
2160:
2126:
2104:
2074:(61): 61–117.
2048:
2017:
2005:
1968:
1938:
1894:
1858:
1824:
1809:
1777:
1746:
1708:
1677:
1648:(3): 478–489.
1628:
1596:
1560:
1553:
1528:
1487:
1458:(3): 321–328.
1434:
1384:
1350:(2): 411–441.
1325:
1294:
1263:
1232:
1199:
1168:
1137:
1093:
1060:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1002:
997:
990:
987:
969:
966:
960:In 2008, many
957:
954:
945:
942:
933:
930:
921:
918:
910:U.S. Air Force
905:
902:
900:
897:
880:
877:
839:hermaphrodites
818:Autumn Sandeen
797:
794:
730:service member
679:
676:
620:
617:
594:
593:
591:
590:
583:
576:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
555:
550:
545:
543:Medical ethics
540:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
498:
493:
492:
491:
481:
476:
471:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
448:
446:United Kingdom
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
352:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
322:
321:
316:
305:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
285:
284:
283:
273:
268:
267:
266:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
164:
163:
153:
148:
143:
138:
132:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
105:Sex assignment
102:
97:
92:
87:
86:
85:
75:
73:Discrimination
70:
64:
55:
54:
51:
50:
40:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5428:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5391:
5390:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5247:Bathroom bill
5245:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:Navajo Nation
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4995:West Virginia
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4900:New Hampshire
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Massachusetts
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4686:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4518:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4490:
4489:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4210:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:United States
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3922:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Blue Alliance
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:Organizations
3802:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:Ban on sodomy
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:United States
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:Gender system
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Quigley scale
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Phall-O-Meter
3193:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Hermaphrodite
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
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467:
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204:
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196:
195:
191:
189:
186:
184:
183:Quigley scale
181:
179:
176:
174:
173:Phall-O-Meter
171:
169:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
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5368:
5211:Civil unions
5149:
4960:South Dakota
4950:Rhode Island
4945:Pennsylvania
4925:North Dakota
4723: (1986)
4718:
4692:federal laws
4675:
4657:
4654: (2020)
4641:
4638: (2018)
4633:
4630: (2016)
4625:
4622: (2015)
4617:
4609: (2013)
4604:
4586: (2003)
4581:
4573: (1996)
4568:
4560: (1958)
4555:
4486:
4206:
4162:bibliography
4124:In Australia
3918:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3786:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3753:Doe v. Trump
3751:
3715:
3640:Bibliography
3584:
3555:Third gender
3550:Queer theory
3489:
3455:South Africa
3200:Prader scale
3190:Orchidometer
3097:Human rights
3079:legal issues
3075:Human rights
3005:. Retrieved
2994:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2954:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2923:
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2891:
2881:
2863:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2828:
2818:
2810:
2769:
2765:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2674:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2641:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2608:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2577:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2546:
2519:. Retrieved
2510:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2447:
2422:. Retrieved
2413:
2388:. Retrieved
2384:the original
2374:
2354:. Nebraska:
2350:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2286:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2245:
2213:(1): 35–44.
2210:
2206:
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2173:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2143:Lambda Legal
2129:
2120:, 40.2 (
2112:
2107:
2071:
2067:
2041:February 27,
2039:. Retrieved
2030:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1984:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1881:the original
1874:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:the original
1840:
1819:
1802:February 27,
1800:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1759:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1726:
1693:
1680:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1620:the original
1611:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1563:
1544:
1509:(11): 1134.
1506:
1502:
1490:
1455:
1449:
1437:
1404:
1400:
1377:February 27,
1375:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1347:
1341:
1328:
1318:February 27,
1316:. Retrieved
1308:Eastern News
1307:
1297:
1287:February 27,
1285:. Retrieved
1276:
1266:
1256:February 27,
1254:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1225:February 27,
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1212:
1202:
1192:February 27,
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1181:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1140:
1129:the original
1108:
1084:. Retrieved
1075:Military.com
1073:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1040:
1030:
1012:
1004:
971:
959:
947:
935:
923:
907:
893:
882:
870:
863:
857:
850:
814:Desert Storm
807:
799:
790:
783:
763:
747:
706:
704:
699:
681:
669:
665:
649:
637:
622:
599:
597:
531:Third gender
526:Queer theory
421:South Africa
192:
178:Prader scale
168:Orchidometer
78:Human rights
61:legal issues
57:Human rights
15:
5256:Repealed or
5179:Immigration
5145:Transgender
5125:Hate crimes
5081:Puerto Rico
5058:territories
4875:Mississippi
4790:Connecticut
4688:Repealed or
4327:Civil union
4294:Sodomy laws
4267:Politicians
4013:South Korea
3811:Knights Out
3729:Transgender
3560:Transgender
3465:Switzerland
3450:New Zealand
3321:Researchers
3156:and biology
2654:February 5,
2578:Shadowproof
2480:Feministing
2333:February 5,
2297:February 5,
2266:February 5,
2186:February 2,
2153:February 5,
1998:February 5,
1961:February 5,
1931:February 5,
1770:February 5,
1760:Shadowproof
1589:February 5,
1086:February 5,
1053:February 5,
859:ShadowProof
843:human being
802:Palm Center
708:The Crimson
672:transgender
656:transphobia
536:Transgender
431:Switzerland
416:New Zealand
271:Researchers
146:Definitions
130:and biology
5405:Categories
5258:overturned
4990:Washington
4910:New Mexico
4905:New Jersey
4780:California
4690:overturned
4177:Discharges
4035:by country
3991:By country
3513:Disability
3352:of surgery
3331:Television
3307:Androgynos
3292:Aphroditus
3267:Literature
2956:The Nation
2813:- Page 901
2318:(Report).
2254:(Report).
1908:(Report).
1574:(Report).
1022:References
899:By service
750:Dana Zzyym
722:uncloseted
644:Union Army
627:, a famed
516:Non-binary
484:Disability
314:of surgery
303:and events
288:Television
244:Literature
151:Healthcare
5288:Movements
5000:Wisconsin
4965:Tennessee
4870:Minnesota
4845:Louisiana
4536:By entity
4044:In Canada
3998:Australia
3747:2018 Memo
3742:2017 Memo
3661:Section 8
3535:Androgyny
3395:Australia
3390:Argentina
3252:Guevedoce
3228:(antonym)
2965:0027-8378
2786:0026-4075
2728:0091-8369
1616:U.S. Navy
1429:213755518
1421:0028-4289
1151:Poles.org
1125:174132779
962:U.S. Navy
926:U.S. Army
640:Civil War
506:Androgyny
361:Australia
356:Argentina
215:(antonym)
5389:Category
5228:Marriage
5150:Intersex
5140:Military
5110:Adoption
4985:Virginia
4935:Oklahoma
4915:New York
4890:Nebraska
4880:Missouri
4865:Michigan
4855:Maryland
4840:Kentucky
4820:Illinois
4795:Delaware
4785:Colorado
4775:Arkansas
4488:Category
4380:Adoption
4322:Marriage
4299:Timeline
4208:Category
4022:By topic
3920:Category
3894:See also
3836:USNA Out
3586:Category
3501:See also
3490:military
3415:Colombia
3357:timeline
3303:Judaism
3282:Religion
3154:Medicine
3067:Intersex
3001:Archived
2969:Archived
2928:Archived
2898:Archived
2870:Archived
2835:Archived
2794:19055190
2744:20898020
2736:23414281
2681:Archived
2648:Archived
2615:Archived
2582:Archived
2551:Archived
2515:Archived
2484:Archived
2454:Archived
2449:POLITICO
2418:Archived
2291:Archived
2287:InterAct
2260:Archived
2237:28861546
2180:Archived
2147:Archived
2098:28861546
2035:Archived
1989:Archived
1955:Archived
1922:Archived
1914:New York
1910:New York
1764:Archived
1733:Archived
1700:Archived
1672:33644309
1580:Archived
1523:19055190
1482:33644309
1312:Archived
1281:Archived
1250:Archived
1155:Archived
1080:Archived
1047:Archived
989:See also
879:Veterans
796:Opinions
736:who had
633:intersex
463:See also
381:Colombia
319:timeline
259:Military
254:Religion
128:Medicine
36:Intersex
5319:Related
5099:By type
5005:Wyoming
4980:Vermont
4885:Montana
4825:Indiana
4805:Georgia
4800:Florida
4770:Arizona
4760:Alabama
4643:Bostock
4544:Federal
4425:Health
4404:Society
4259:History
3970:General
3649:Overall
3425:Germany
3347:History
3226:Endosex
3183:history
3102:reports
2830:The Cut
2687:July 2,
2610:Queerty
2547:The Awl
2390:July 7,
2228:5436371
2175:Reuters
2089:5436371
1663:7906232
1473:7906232
1364:3659273
1161:June 6,
924:In the
865:Queerty
822:The Awl
619:History
391:Germany
309:History
301:History
213:Endosex
194:more...
161:history
83:reports
5240:voting
4940:Oregon
4895:Nevada
4835:Kansas
4810:Hawaii
4765:Alaska
4752:States
4680:(2023)
4662:(2020)
4451:Sports
4309:Rights
4129:Israel
4101:Israel
4008:Israel
3684:repeal
3525:Gender
3518:rights
3475:Uganda
3470:Taiwan
3440:Mexico
3420:France
3400:Canada
3312:Tumtum
3277:People
2963:
2809:2014;
2792:
2784:
2742:
2734:
2726:
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981:" was
714:repeal
606:. The
548:Rights
496:Gender
489:rights
441:Uganda
436:Taiwan
406:Mexico
386:France
366:Canada
249:People
38:topics
26:, and
4970:Texas
4850:Maine
4815:Idaho
3460:Spain
3445:Nepal
3435:Malta
3430:Kenya
3410:China
3405:Chile
3242:Films
2873:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2740:S2CID
2327:(PDF)
2316:(PDF)
2064:(PDF)
2015:; 163
1992:(PDF)
1981:(PDF)
1925:(PDF)
1906:(PDF)
1876:Care2
1822:; 117
1796:(PDF)
1789:(PDF)
1703:(PDF)
1690:(PDF)
1623:(PDF)
1608:(PDF)
1583:(PDF)
1572:(PDF)
1425:S2CID
1371:(PDF)
1360:JSTOR
1338:(PDF)
1132:(PDF)
1113:(PDF)
908:Many
831:queer
426:Spain
411:Nepal
401:Malta
396:Kenya
376:China
371:Chile
229:Films
5071:Guam
4975:Utah
4930:Ohio
4830:Iowa
4157:list
3530:LGBT
3257:Flag
3077:and
3009:2018
2977:2018
2961:ISSN
2936:2018
2906:2018
2843:2018
2790:PMID
2782:ISSN
2732:PMID
2724:ISSN
2689:2015
2656:2023
2623:2018
2590:2018
2559:2018
2523:2018
2492:2018
2462:2018
2426:2018
2392:2007
2360:ISBN
2335:2023
2299:2023
2268:2023
2233:PMID
2188:2023
2155:2023
2094:PMID
2043:2021
2000:2023
1963:2023
1933:2023
1889:2018
1853:2018
1804:2021
1772:2023
1741:2018
1668:PMID
1591:2023
1549:ISBN
1519:PMID
1478:PMID
1417:ISSN
1379:2021
1320:2021
1289:2021
1258:2021
1227:2021
1194:2021
1163:2012
1121:OCLC
1088:2022
1055:2022
972:The
968:ROTC
950:USMC
948:The
716:of "
658:and
501:LGBT
234:Flag
59:and
2774:doi
2770:173
2716:doi
2223:PMC
2215:doi
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2076:doi
1658:PMC
1650:doi
1511:doi
1507:173
1468:PMC
1460:doi
1409:doi
1405:101
1352:doi
847:NPR
553:Sex
5407::
2993:.
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