376:
25:
205:
For example, when many different or complex search expressions must be specified. Implementing (hard-wiring) them directly into a class is inflexible because it commits the class to particular expressions and makes it impossible to specify new expressions or change existing ones independently from
292:
175:
that describe how to solve recurring design problems to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, that is, objects that are easier to implement, change, test, and reuse.
346:
object sends an interpret request to the abstract syntax tree. The request is forwarded to (performed on) all objects downwards the tree structure.
2086:
251:
The
Interpreter pattern doesn't describe how to build an abstract syntax tree. This can be done either manually by a client or automatically by a
2200:
89:
61:
68:
42:
2725:
2833:
2750:
2070:
2037:
130:
108:
75:
2698:
2523:
2322:
57:
2416:
46:
2546:
2506:
2193:
198:
When a problem occurs very often, it could be considered to represent it as a sentence in a simple language (
2516:
2511:
2791:
2629:
2154:
2406:
1983:
2614:
2609:
2436:
300:
146:
2654:
2619:
2586:
2236:
2186:
1995:
199:
134:
2556:
2528:
2466:
2451:
2431:
2367:
2209:
2000:
82:
35:
2533:
2461:
2411:
2246:
241:
The expression objects are composed recursively into a composite/tree structure that is called
2062:
2055:
2812:
2715:
2561:
2541:
2486:
2624:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2476:
1978:
291:
277:
Most general-purpose computer languages actually incorporate several specialized languages.
150:
122:
8:
2664:
2649:
2644:
2501:
2386:
2150:
2052:
2786:
2765:
2674:
2571:
2421:
2314:
2266:
2228:
2080:
274:
Specialized computer languages that are often used to describe communication protocols.
142:
2168:
2018:
2456:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2256:
2251:
2066:
2033:
246:
158:
154:
133:
that specifies how to evaluate sentences in a language. The basic idea is to have a
2755:
2496:
2441:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2337:
188:
2745:
2691:
2669:
2446:
2401:
2372:
2347:
2327:
2274:
2241:
2217:
2027:
1989:
226:
Represent a sentence in the language by an abstract syntax tree (AST) made up of
171:
138:
375:
2730:
2591:
2294:
2279:
2159:
2124:
2100:
209:
2827:
2551:
2396:
2357:
2304:
386:
This C++11 implementation is based on the pre C++98 sample code in the book.
303:
202:) so that an interpreter can solve the problem by interpreting the sentence.
2173:
2807:
2770:
2659:
2634:
2426:
2178:
2023:
178:
2760:
2735:
2720:
2639:
2471:
2019:
295:
A sample UML class and object diagram for the
Interpreter design pattern.
157:
and is used to evaluate (interpret) the sentence for a client. See also
2101:"The Interpreter design pattern - Problem, Solution, and Applicability"
342:
The object collaboration diagram shows the run-time interactions: The
169:
The
Interpreter design pattern is one of the twenty-three well-known
2740:
2174:
Interpreter pattern description from the
Portland Pattern Repository
24:
2053:
Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph
Johnson, John Vlissides (1994).
252:
2125:"The Interpreter design pattern - Structure and Collaboration"
2057:
Design
Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
2029:
Design
Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
2163:
324:
class has no children and interprets an expression directly.
210:
What solution does the
Interpreter design pattern describe?
268:
179:
What problems can the
Interpreter design pattern solve?
215:
Define a grammar for a simple language by defining an
194:
so that sentences in the language can be interpreted.
153:
of a sentence in the language is an instance of the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2054:
356:) forward the request to their child expressions.
330:class maintains a container of child expressions (
258:See also the UML class and object diagram below.
2825:
286:
2194:
267:Specialized database query languages such as
2208:
2085:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
334:) and forwards interpret requests to these
2201:
2187:
2026:; Johnson, Ralph; Vlissides, John (1994).
314:interface for interpreting an expression
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
290:
366:) perform the interpretation directly.
191:for a simple language should be defined
2826:
206:(without having to change) the class.
2182:
369:
219:class hierarchy and implementing an
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2046:
13:
2012:
14:
2845:
2144:
374:
233:Interpret a sentence by calling
23:
16:Approach in computer programming
2699:Enterprise Integration Patterns
34:needs additional citations for
2117:
2093:
1984:Combinatory logic in computing
1:
2006:
147:specialized computer language
287:UML class and object diagram
281:
7:
2792:Portland Pattern Repository
2061:. Addison Wesley. pp.
1972:
310:class refers to the common
164:
10:
2850:
2160:Interpreter implementation
2151:Interpreter implementation
381:
2800:
2779:
2708:
2683:
2600:
2485:
2385:
2313:
2265:
2227:
2216:
200:Domain Specific Languages
2834:Software design patterns
2417:Event-based asynchronous
2210:Software design patterns
1996:Domain-specific language
1961:
388:
2323:Chain of responsibility
2001:Interpreter (computing)
1959:The program output is:
261:
2462:Scheduled-task pattern
2412:Double-checked locking
296:
2813:Architectural pattern
2716:Christopher Alexander
2169:SourceMaking tutorial
364:tExpr1,tExpr2,…
350:NonTerminalExpression
328:NonTerminalExpression
294:
58:"Interpreter pattern"
2625:Dependency injection
2582:Inversion of control
2577:Data transfer object
2477:Thread-local storage
243:abstract syntax tree
123:computer programming
43:improve this article
2630:Intercepting filter
172:GoF design patterns
127:interpreter pattern
2787:The Hillside Group
2572:Data access object
2422:Guarded suspension
2407:Binding properties
2032:. Addison-Wesley.
360:TerminalExpression
322:TerminalExpression
316:interpret(context)
312:AbstractExpression
297:
2821:
2820:
2615:Business delegate
2547:Publish–subscribe
2381:
2380:
370:UML class diagram
247:Composite pattern
159:Composite pattern
155:composite pattern
137:for each symbol (
119:
118:
111:
93:
2841:
2620:Composite entity
2497:Front controller
2237:Abstract factory
2225:
2224:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2076:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2016:
1979:Backus–Naur form
1968:
1965:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:// rule of three
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:// rule of three
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:<iostream>
392:
378:
365:
361:
355:
351:
345:
337:
333:
329:
323:
317:
313:
309:
236:
229:
222:
218:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2796:
2775:
2766:Douglas Schmidt
2746:Ward Cunningham
2704:
2692:Design Patterns
2679:
2670:Method chaining
2602:
2596:
2557:Service locator
2488:
2481:
2452:Read–write lock
2388:
2377:
2368:Template method
2309:
2261:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2147:
2142:
2133:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2017:
2013:
2009:
1990:Design Patterns
1975:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
406:<cstring>
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
384:
372:
363:
359:
357:
354:ntExpr1,ntExpr2
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
289:
284:
264:
250:
234:
227:
220:
216:
212:
181:
167:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2731:John Vlissides
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2247:Factory method
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2157:
2146:
2145:External links
2143:
2141:
2140:
2116:
2092:
2071:
2045:
2038:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1962:
389:
383:
380:
371:
368:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
275:
272:
263:
260:
239:
238:
231:
224:
211:
208:
196:
195:
192:
180:
177:
166:
163:
131:design pattern
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2846:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Robert Martin
2754:
2752:
2751:Martin Fowler
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Ralph Johnson
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Active record
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Naked objects
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Specification
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2487:Architectural
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Active object
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2130:
2129:w3sDesign.com
2126:
2120:
2106:
2105:w3sDesign.com
2102:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2072:0-201-63361-2
2068:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2041:
2039:0-201-63361-2
2035:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:Helm, Richard
2021:
2015:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1960:
1726:"Y"
1699:"X"
387:
379:
377:
367:
340:
305:
304:class diagram
302:
299:In the above
293:
276:
273:
270:
266:
265:
259:
256:
254:
248:
244:
232:
225:
214:
213:
207:
203:
201:
193:
190:
186:
185:
184:
176:
174:
173:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
99:November 2008
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2808:Anti-pattern
2771:Linda Rising
2697:
2690:
2635:Lazy loading
2567:Identity map
2534:
2332:
2218:Gang of Four
2132:. Retrieved
2128:
2119:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2056:
2048:
2028:
2020:Gamma, Erich
2014:
1988:
1958:
1948:'\n'
1852:'\n'
385:
373:
341:
298:
257:
242:
240:
204:
197:
182:
170:
168:
126:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2780:Communities
2761:Jim Coplien
2736:Grady Booch
2721:Erich Gamma
2665:Type tunnel
2650:Object pool
2645:Null object
2640:Mock object
2502:Interceptor
2472:Thread pool
2387:Concurrency
2333:Interpreter
1720:VariableExp
1705:VariableExp
1693:VariableExp
1678:VariableExp
1132:VariableExp
1114:VariableExp
1093:VariableExp
1084:VariableExp
1069:VariableExp
1024:VariableExp
850:VariableExp
784:VariableExp
763:VariableExp
736:VariableExp
676:VariableExp
628:VariableExp
577:VariableExp
400:<map>
336:expressions
332:expressions
237:on the AST.
235:interpret()
221:interpret()
151:syntax tree
143:nonterminal
2675:Delegation
2610:Blackboard
2315:Behavioral
2267:Structural
2229:Creational
2134:2017-08-12
2110:2017-08-12
2007:References
1912:expression
1816:expression
1732:expression
1663:expression
1657:BooleanExp
1630:BooleanExp
1618:BooleanExp
1489:BooleanExp
1405:BooleanExp
1378:BooleanExp
1351:&&
1213:BooleanExp
1201:BooleanExp
1183:BooleanExp
1045:BooleanExp
946:BooleanExp
919:BooleanExp
772:BooleanExp
547:BooleanExp
526:BooleanExp
502:BooleanExp
454:BooleanExp
433:BooleanExp
421:BooleanExp
230:instances.
228:Expression
223:operation.
217:Expression
69:newspapers
2741:Kent Beck
2467:Semaphore
2457:Scheduler
2300:Flyweight
2290:Decorator
2285:Composite
2257:Singleton
2252:Prototype
2081:cite book
362:objects (
352:objects (
282:Structure
2828:Category
2801:See also
2603:patterns
2489:patterns
2442:Proactor
2389:patterns
2363:Strategy
2353:Observer
2343:Mediator
2338:Iterator
2220:patterns
1973:See also
1945:<<
1939:<<
1918:evaluate
1849:<<
1843:<<
1822:evaluate
1636:operand2
1624:operand1
1582:operator
1531:operand2
1519:operand1
1456:operand2
1432:operand1
1366:aContext
1360:evaluate
1354:operand2
1345:aContext
1339:evaluate
1333:operand1
1321:aContext
1309:evaluate
1267:operand2
1255:operand1
1240:operand2
1228:operand1
1120:operator
895:aContext
883:aContext
871:evaluate
475:evaluate
403:#include
397:#include
391:#include
183:Source:
165:Overview
139:terminal
2655:Servant
2587:Model 2
2447:Reactor
2437:Monitor
2402:Balking
2373:Visitor
2348:Memento
2328:Command
2275:Adapter
2242:Builder
1924:context
1882:context
1858:context
1828:context
1783:context
1759:context
1672:context
1669:Context
1612:private
1486:virtual
1462:replace
1438:replace
1384:replace
1375:virtual
1315:Context
1303:virtual
1297:default
1282:virtual
1246:nullptr
1234:nullptr
1150:private
1042:virtual
925:replace
916:virtual
877:Context
865:virtual
859:default
844:virtual
814:nullptr
715:private
598:Context
586:Context
544:virtual
508:replace
499:virtual
481:Context
469:virtual
463:default
448:virtual
442:default
412:Context
382:Example
189:grammar
145:) in a
83:scholar
2709:People
2592:Broker
2295:Facade
2280:Bridge
2069:
2036:
1942:result
1906:result
1888:assign
1864:assign
1846:result
1810:result
1789:assign
1765:assign
1741:AndExp
1606:delete
1594:AndExp
1576:AndExp
1567:delete
1555:AndExp
1546:AndExp
1513:AndExp
1507:return
1426:AndExp
1420:return
1330:return
1288:AndExp
1195:AndExp
1189:public
1180:public
1174:AndExp
1144:delete
1105:delete
1063:return
1018:return
994:return
973:strcmp
901:lookup
892:return
829:strdup
778:public
769:public
670:assign
643:return
619:lookup
592:public
427:public
344:Client
308:Client
306:, the
253:parser
149:. The
125:, the
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2684:Books
2601:Other
2537:-tier
2358:State
2305:Proxy
2063:243ff
1915:->
1819:->
1777:false
1597:&
1591:const
1579:&
1558:&
1552:const
1534:->
1522:->
1501:const
1468:name_
1459:->
1444:name_
1435:->
1408:&
1399:name_
1390:const
1357:->
1336:->
1318:&
1171:class
1135:&
1129:const
1117:&
1096:&
1090:const
1057:const
979:name_
949:&
940:name_
931:const
880:&
835:name_
799:name_
790:const
760:class
733:const
706:value
691:value
625:const
583:class
574:class
559:const
529:&
514:const
484:&
418:class
409:class
245:(see
135:class
129:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2660:Twin
2517:MVVM
2432:Lock
2427:Join
2155:Ruby
2087:link
2067:ISBN
2034:ISBN
1936:cout
1900:true
1876:true
1840:cout
1807:bool
1801:true
1648:main
1540:());
1537:copy
1525:copy
1495:copy
1393:char
1306:bool
1162:name
1156:char
1075:name
1051:copy
1030:name
1012:else
1003:copy
985:name
934:char
907:this
868:bool
823:name
808:name
793:char
748:>
745:bool
730:<
688:bool
667:void
616:bool
553:copy
517:char
472:bool
358:The
348:The
326:The
320:The
262:Uses
62:news
2529:ECS
2524:ADR
2512:MVP
2507:MVC
2164:C++
2162:in
2153:in
1930:std
1834:std
1738:new
1717:new
1690:new
1645:int
1528:(),
1510:new
1474:exp
1450:exp
1423:new
1411:exp
1273:op2
1261:op1
1219:op2
1207:op1
1066:new
1021:new
1006:();
997:exp
952:exp
727:map
721:std
682:key
658:key
634:key
301:UML
269:SQL
249:).
141:or
121:In
45:by
2830::
2127:.
2103:.
2083:}}
2079:{{
2065:.
2022:;
1933:::
1927:);
1903:);
1879:);
1837:::
1831:);
1804:);
1780:);
1756:);
1729:);
1702:);
1651:()
1642:};
1498:()
1480:);
1453:),
1369:);
1291:()
1237:),
1168:};
1078:);
1054:()
1033:);
988:))
970:==
961:if
910:);
853:()
838:);
757:};
724:::
661:);
652:at
613:{}
610:()
601:()
571:};
556:()
457:()
436:()
338:.
318:.
255:.
187:A
161:.
2535:n
2202:e
2195:t
2188:v
2137:.
2113:.
2089:)
2075:.
2042:.
1967:1
1964:0
1954:}
1951:;
1921:(
1909:=
1897:,
1894:y
1891:(
1885:.
1873:,
1870:x
1867:(
1861:.
1855:;
1825:(
1813:=
1798:,
1795:y
1792:(
1786:.
1774:,
1771:x
1768:(
1762:.
1753:y
1750:,
1747:x
1744:(
1735:=
1723:(
1714:=
1711:y
1708:*
1696:(
1687:=
1684:x
1681:*
1675:;
1666:;
1660:*
1654:{
1639:;
1633:*
1627:;
1621:*
1615::
1609:;
1603:=
1600:)
1588:(
1585:=
1570:;
1564:=
1561:)
1549:(
1543:}
1516:(
1504:{
1492:*
1483:}
1477:)
1471:,
1465:(
1447:,
1441:(
1429:(
1417:{
1414:)
1402:,
1396:*
1387:(
1381:*
1372:}
1363:(
1348:)
1342:(
1327:{
1324:)
1312:(
1300:;
1294:=
1285:~
1279:}
1276:;
1270:=
1264:;
1258:=
1252:{
1249:)
1243:(
1231:(
1225::
1222:)
1216:*
1210:,
1204:*
1198:(
1192::
1186:{
1177::
1165:;
1159:*
1153::
1147:;
1141:=
1138:)
1126:(
1123:=
1108:;
1102:=
1099:)
1087:(
1081:}
1072:(
1060:{
1048:*
1039:}
1036:}
1027:(
1015:{
1009:}
1000:.
991:{
982:,
976:(
967:0
964:(
958:{
955:)
943:,
937:*
928:(
922:*
913:}
904:(
898:.
889:{
886:)
874:(
862:;
856:=
847:~
841:}
832:(
826:=
820:{
817:)
811:(
805::
802:)
796:*
787:(
781::
775:{
766::
754:;
751:m
742:,
739:*
718::
712:}
709:;
703:=
700:m
697:{
694:)
685:,
679:*
673:(
664:}
655:(
649:.
646:m
640:{
637:)
631:*
622:(
607:m
604::
595::
589:{
580:;
568:;
565:0
562:=
550:*
541:;
538:0
535:=
532:)
523:,
520:*
511:(
505:*
496:;
493:0
490:=
487:)
478:(
466:;
460:=
451:~
445:;
439:=
430::
424:{
415:;
271:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
