76:
60:
138:
115:
The commission has a maximum of fifteen members who serve for four years and who, since 1950, have been nominated by the incumbent commissioners. Members are selected for their scientific ability and is widely regarded as the foremost panel of experts in radiation medicine and in the other fields of
86:
During the first two decades of its existence, its formal meetings were held during the
International Congress of Radiology, but from 1950 onwards, when its mandate was extended, it has met annually. Until 1953, the president of the ICRU was a national of the country that was hosting the ICR, but in
99:(CIPM) in the development of a system of units that could be used consistently over many disciplines. This body, initially known as the "Commission for the System of Units" (renamed in 1964 as the "Consultative Committee for Units") was responsible overseeing the development of the
128:
and indirectly by organisations and companies who provide meeting venues. Commissioners, many of whom have full-time university or research centre appointments, have their expenses reimbursed, but otherwise they receive no remuneration from the ICRU.
145:
The commission has been responsible for defining and introducing many of the following units of measure. The number of different units for various quantities is indicative of changes of thinking in world metrology, especially the movement from
106:
In the late 1950s the ICRU started publishing reports on an irregular basis - on average two to three a year. In 2001 the publication cycle was regularised and reports are now published bi-annually under the banner "Journal of the ICRU".
91:
who had been a member of the commission since 1928 and secretary since 1934. Taylor served until 1969 and on his retirement was accorded the position of honorary chairman which we held until his death in 2004, aged 102.
1200:
857:"Council Directive 80/181/EEC of 20 December 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to Unit of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC"
1311:
79:
179:
755:
1185:
637:
44:
96:
1190:
907:
648:
147:
1066:
733:
777:
1306:
172:
613:
1231:
165:
1195:
807:
1175:
900:
688:. Occupational Radiation Protection: Protecting workers against exposure to ionising radiation. Geneva. pp. 99–110
125:
141:
External dose quantities used in radiation protection and dosimetry based on ICRU 57, jointly developed with the ICRP
1301:
1216:
856:
998:
839:
1316:
1281:
1226:
1221:
893:
206:
151:
100:
40:
and its interaction with matter, in particular with respect to the biological effects induced by radiation".
24:) is a standardization body set up in 1925 by the International Congress of Radiology, originally as the
571:
533:
494:
465:
1269:
1008:
514:
71:
to optimise tube emissions, the other has his head close to the tube. No precautions are being taken.
955:
121:
95:
In the late 1950s the ICRU was invited by the CGPM to join other scientific bodies to work with the
75:
1265:
1252:
1247:
47:(ICRP). In general terms the ICRU defines the units, and the ICRP recommends how they are used for
28:
until 1950. Its objective "is to develop concepts, definitions and recommendations for the use of
1043:
781:
625:
562:
485:
680:
1273:
1170:
1103:
785:
682:
The ICRU: General
Objectives and Achievements with regard to Occupational Radiation Protection
87:
that year it was decided to elect a permanent commission - the first permanent chairman being
1277:
1086:
813:. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. 14 March 2012. Archived from
616:
required that their use for "public health ... purposes" be phased out by 31 December 1985.
1098:
1091:
930:
916:
654:
48:
8:
1113:
1023:
117:
88:
82:
erected 1936 at St. Georg hospital in
Hamburg, commemorating 359 early radiology workers.
960:
950:
945:
300:
601:
Although the United States
Nuclear Regulatory Commission permits the use of the units
1003:
624:
The
Commission's secretariat is in Stockholm and its legal status is that of British
272:
214:
29:
1144:
1139:
116:
ICRU endeavor. The commission is funded by the sale of reports, by grants from the
1038:
1013:
446:
333:
1129:
1076:
993:
940:
610:
59:
1295:
983:
814:
369:
33:
729:
137:
1108:
1028:
965:
602:
243:
64:
1149:
1081:
1018:
643:
379:
341:
68:
1033:
885:
854:
606:
427:
157:
The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units.
710:. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1 December 2004
1071:
988:
935:
707:
224:
37:
1134:
314:
1165:
1048:
659:
524:
456:
310:
808:"International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements"
758:. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements
387:
67:
X-Ray apparatus in 1896. One man is viewing his hand with a
18:
International
Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements
401:
80:
Monument to the X-ray and Radium
Martyrs of All Nations
880:
855:
The
Council of the European Communities (1979-12-21).
638:
International
Commission on Radiological Protection
45:
International
Commission on Radiological Protection
1293:
97:International Committee for Weights and Measures
678:
1312:International medical and health organizations
679:Wambersie, A; Menzel, HG (26–30 August 2002).
649:International Radiation Protection Association
901:
708:"Emeritus and founder member L S Taylor dies"
173:
734:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
1067:Airborne radioactive particulate monitoring
908:
894:
800:
180:
166:
844:. US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 2009.
43:The ICRU is a sister organisation to the
915:
614:European units of measurement directives
136:
74:
58:
730:"CCU: Consultative Committee for Units"
132:
1294:
161:Ionizing radiation related quantities
1232:Radiation Protection Convention, 1960
889:
110:
13:
126:International Atomic Energy Agency
14:
1328:
1307:Standards organizations in Sweden
874:
619:
556:
479:
395:
327:
237:
628:(Not-for-profit organisation).
999:Computed tomography dose index
848:
832:
770:
748:
722:
700:
672:
54:
1:
665:
101:International System of Units
122:US National Cancer Institute
7:
631:
10:
1333:
1263:
1261:
1240:
1209:
1158:
1122:
1057:
974:
956:Radioactive contamination
923:
513:
445:
368:
299:
213:
1264:See also the categories
1253:Radiation-induced cancer
1248:Acute radiation syndrome
609:alongside SI units, the
1302:Radiology organizations
782:Oxford University Press
1104:Semiconductor detector
1060:measurement techniques
784:. 2012. Archived from
563:röntgen equivalent man
486:röntgen equivalent man
142:
83:
72:
1123:Protection techniques
1087:Scintillation counter
778:"Journal of the ICRU"
140:
78:
62:
1317:Radiation protection
1282:Radiation protection
1099:Radiation monitoring
1092:Proportional counter
977:quantities and units
931:Background radiation
917:Radiation protection
820:on 29 September 2013
655:Radiation protection
133:Radiation quantities
49:radiation protection
26:X-Ray Unit Committee
1114:Whole-body counting
1024:Mean glandular dose
961:Radioactive sources
788:on 20 December 2005
187:
118:European Commission
89:Lauriston S. Taylor
951:Internal dosimetry
946:Ionizing radiation
160:
143:
84:
73:
38:ionizing radiation
1289:
1288:
1270:Radiation effects
1241:Radiation effects
1004:Counts per minute
599:
598:
570:100 erg⋅g ×
493:100 erg⋅g ×
111:Current operation
1324:
1145:Radon mitigation
1140:Potassium iodide
1058:Instruments and
910:
903:
896:
887:
886:
868:
867:
865:
863:
852:
846:
845:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
819:
812:
804:
798:
797:
795:
793:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
687:
676:
422:
420:
364:
362:
351:
349:
294:
293:
290:
266:
257:
255:
188:
182:
175:
168:
159:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1266:Medical physics
1257:
1236:
1205:
1154:
1118:
1059:
1053:
1014:Equivalent dose
976:
970:
919:
914:
877:
872:
871:
861:
859:
853:
849:
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
817:
810:
806:
805:
801:
791:
789:
776:
775:
771:
761:
759:
754:
753:
749:
739:
737:
728:
727:
723:
713:
711:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
685:
677:
673:
668:
634:
622:
588:
579:
550:
541:
502:
473:
447:Equivalent dose
435:100 erg⋅g
418:
416:
360:
358:
347:
345:
291:
288:
286:
264:
253:
251:
186:
135:
113:
57:
12:
11:
5:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1287:
1286:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:Lead shielding
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:Geiger counter
1074:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:Effective dose
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Committed dose
991:
986:
980:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
941:Health physics
938:
933:
927:
925:
921:
920:
913:
912:
905:
898:
890:
884:
883:
876:
875:External links
873:
870:
869:
847:
841:10 CFR 20.1004
831:
799:
769:
747:
721:
699:
670:
669:
667:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
646:
641:
633:
630:
621:
620:Administration
618:
611:European Union
597:
596:
595:0.010 Sv
593:
590:
584:
575:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
552:
546:
537:
530:
527:
522:
515:Effective dose
511:
510:
509:0.010 Sv
507:
504:
498:
491:
488:
482:
481:
478:
475:
469:
462:
459:
454:
443:
442:
441:0.010 Gy
439:
436:
433:
430:
424:
423:
414:
411:
408:
405:
398:
397:
394:
391:
385:
382:
377:
366:
365:
356:
353:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
308:
297:
296:
284:
281:
278:
275:
269:
268:
261:
258:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
222:
211:
210:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
185:
184:
177:
170:
162:
134:
131:
112:
109:
56:
53:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1329:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:Radioactivity
1271:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:Organisations
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Absorbed dose
982:
981:
979:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
924:Main articles
922:
918:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
892:
891:
888:
882:
879:
878:
858:
851:
843:
842:
835:
816:
809:
803:
787:
783:
779:
773:
757:
751:
735:
731:
725:
709:
703:
684:
683:
675:
671:
661:
658:
656:
653:
650:
647:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
629:
627:
617:
615:
612:
608:
604:
594:
591:
589:
587:
583:
578:
574:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
540:
536:
531:
528:
526:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
503:
501:
497:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
476:
474:
472:
468:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
399:
392:
389:
386:
383:
381:
378:
375:
371:
370:Absorbed dose
367:
357:
354:
343:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
324:
321:
318:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
298:
285:
282:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
262:
259:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
183:
178:
176:
171:
169:
164:
163:
158:
155:
153:
149:
139:
130:
127:
123:
119:
108:
104:
102:
98:
93:
90:
81:
77:
70:
66:
61:
52:
50:
46:
41:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1278:Radiobiology
1180:
1109:Survey meter
1029:Monitor unit
975:Measurement
966:Radiobiology
881:ICRU website
860:. Retrieved
850:
840:
834:
822:. Retrieved
815:the original
802:
790:. Retrieved
786:the original
772:
760:. Retrieved
750:
738:. Retrieved
724:
712:. Retrieved
702:
690:. Retrieved
681:
674:
623:
600:
585:
581:
576:
572:
547:
543:
538:
534:
518:
499:
495:
470:
466:
450:
373:
363:10 C/kg
322:C⋅kg of air
304:
218:
156:
144:
114:
105:
94:
85:
65:Crookes tube
63:Using early
42:
25:
21:
17:
15:
1150:Respirators
1082:Ion chamber
644:Gray (unit)
605:, rad, and
267:10 Bq
209:equivalent
200:Derivation
69:fluoroscope
55:Development
1296:Categories
1210:Regulation
666:References
421:10 Gy
280:10 s
273:rutherford
32:and their
30:quantities
1222:NRC (USA)
1171:HPS (USA)
1072:Dosimeter
989:Becquerel
936:Dosimetry
756:"Reports"
404:per gram
295: Bq
256:10 s
225:becquerel
191:Quantity
1227:ONR (UK)
1217:IRR (UK)
1196:SRP (UK)
1135:Glovebox
1039:Roentgen
632:See also
557:SI unit
480:SI unit
396:SI unit
328:SI unit
315:kilogram
301:Exposure
238:SI unit
215:Activity
124:and the
1201:UNSCEAR
1166:Euratom
1049:Sievert
714:18 June
660:Sievert
626:charity
532:J⋅kg ×
525:sievert
464:J⋅kg ×
457:sievert
352:of air
350: g
334:röntgen
311:coulomb
197:Symbol
154:units.
1280:, and
862:19 May
824:1 June
792:3 June
762:3 June
740:18 May
736:(BIPM)
692:31 May
651:(IRPA)
640:(ICRP)
410:erg⋅g
407:erg/g
120:, the
103:(SI).
818:(PDF)
811:(PDF)
686:(PDF)
603:curie
592:1971
554:1977
506:1971
477:1977
438:1953
413:1950
393:1974
355:1928
346:0.001
325:1974
319:C/kg
283:1946
260:1953
244:curie
235:1974
203:Year
194:Unit
34:units
1191:IRPA
1186:ICRP
1181:ICRU
1176:IAEA
1019:Gray
864:2012
826:2012
794:2012
764:2012
742:2012
716:2012
694:2012
567:rem
490:rem
432:rad
390:⋅kg
380:gray
359:2.58
313:per
181:edit
174:talk
167:view
36:for
22:ICRU
16:The
1044:Rem
1034:Rad
607:rem
529:Sv
461:Sv
428:rad
417:1.0
402:erg
384:Gy
348:293
342:esu
292:000
289:000
277:Rd
263:3.7
252:3.7
248:Ci
229:Bq
150:to
148:cgs
1298::
1276:,
1272:,
1268:,
780:.
732:.
580:×
542:×
521:)
453:)
376:)
344:/
338:R
307:)
232:s
221:)
207:SI
152:SI
51:.
909:e
902:t
895:v
866:.
828:.
796:.
766:.
744:.
718:.
696:.
586:T
582:W
577:R
573:W
548:T
544:W
539:R
535:W
519:E
517:(
500:R
496:W
471:R
467:W
451:H
449:(
419:×
388:J
374:D
372:(
361:×
305:X
303:(
287:1
265:×
254:×
219:A
217:(
20:(
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