794:
returns to the opposite end station. Because
Innovia APM vehicles are fully automated, they do not require a driver's cab, which allows them to be bidirectional. A loop is an enclosed system that connects multiple stations along a track or guideway that is a continuous circle or closed curve. Loop systems can be designed as either a single lane or a dual lane configuration. A pinched-loop system shares common characteristics with both the shuttle and the loop systems. Pinched loops look like a dual-lane shuttle (with two parallel guideways), but trains can go from one track to the other changing direction via switches at each end. As a result, traffic on a pinched loop flows in opposite directions on two parallel tracks, but can accommodate many stations.
335:
40:
226:
252:
194:
574:
222:, which proved controversial. Political leaders were skeptical of the rubber-tired mass transit technology, and accused the Port Authority of improperly choosing Westinghouse's APM over a competing proposal for a more traditional light rail system. Eventually plans to implement a Skybus system in Pennsylvania were rejected. Despite this, work continued on the technology.
213:
in
Pittsburgh. The technology came to be known as the Skybus, because it was a rubber-tired vehicle, similar to a bus that operated on a designated elevated roadway. Engineers believed that it would be able to move 5,000 to 14,000 per hour per direction, and could offer around-the-clock service every
263:
system grew in popularity, Adtranz began developing a new, more aerodynamic model known as
Innovia, which started testing in 1999. In addition to its sleeker appearance, the new Innovia people mover also offered greater speeds, tighter turns, full composite construction and a choice in end caps. The
793:
They can assume three different system configurations – shuttle, loop, and pinched loop. The shuttle system is the least complex. One train operates on each lane of a dual lane guideway. After the train dwells in one of the end stations for passengers for entry and exit, it reverses direction and
274:
Amid the development of a third generation model, Bombardier decided to rebrand its entire automated transit system portfolio as
Innovia. The two previous models became legacy systems and are no longer marketed to new customers, although existing customers can and do still order more vehicles as
789:
Innovia APM systems are most often used in airport settings as inter-terminal connections or links to local amenities in and around the airport such as car rentals, parking garages and local public transit. Currently there are three urban systems used as feeder systems as part of a larger mass
780:
Innovia APM vehicles operate as part of a fully integrated transit system with all elements (vehicles, signaling, communications, power supply and distribution, trackwork, platform screen doors, etc.) designed to function together as a complete package. Typically, these integrated systems are
172:
and has been improved over three generations: the
Innovia APM 100 (known originally as C-100 and CX-100), Innovia APM 200 (originally known as just Innovia people mover), and the latest model, the Innovia APM 300. The license to use the technology has also passed hands several times, from
237:, ushering in dozens similar people mover systems at airports around the world. The C-100 was improved with a updated second-generation of vehicles, and the more heavily updated CX-100 system. All together, 14 systems were delivered in the 1980s and 1990s.
275:
needed. The third and latest model is called the
Innovia APM 300 system. It looks very similar to the original Innovia people mover (now called the Innovia APM 200 system), but is longer, more energy efficient and capable of 6-car train configurations.
1584:
1672:
1241:
1686:
1514:
1404:
1493:
1588:
271:
in 2001, which continued to sell both the newer
Innovia APM 200 and the older CX-100 technology under the name Innovia APM 100. The last Innovia APM 100 system delivered was delivered in 2010).
1017:
1624:
1425:
739:
374:
1291:
1181:
894:
1725:
790:
transit network. Innovia APM systems operate in tunnels, on elevated guideways, and sometimes in an open cut (pit) or a combination of tunnels and elevated guideways.
1370:
1245:
1042:
412:
1518:
1700:
1560:
1396:
1539:
673:
512:
561:
432:
364:
472:
1266:
1701:"Bombardier Celebrates the Opening of the INNOVIA APM 100 System at the Sacramento International Airport in the USA - Yahoo Finance Canada"
1610:
1429:
1327:
1295:
422:
1451:
1125:
1756:
1348:
492:
234:
1195:
717:
615:
578:
595:
941:
923:
902:
518:
1791:
1732:
1656:
976:
711:
384:
1315:
992:
848:
705:
683:
476:
446:
406:
1807:
1374:
368:
241:
174:
73:
1088:
1046:
733:
358:
233:
In 1971, Westinghouse was finally able to commercialize its APM technology, selling what it called the C-100 system to
215:
1220:
699:
169:
67:
1704:
1106:
486:
436:
416:
827:
723:
655:
634:
528:
334:
219:
17:
1847:
1625:"Denver International Airport begins putting Alstom's new Innovia automated people mover trains into service"
426:
39:
743:
378:
302:
Area and not far from where the first demonstration trains ran. The multi-building facility specializes in
210:
1067:
677:
601:
496:
264:
first
Innovia people mover system delivered opened in 2005 at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
695:
482:
295:
125:
456:
268:
182:
85:
1673:"Bombardier to design, build, supply, operate and maintain an INNOVIA APM system for Munich Airport"
452:
442:
400:
1540:"Alstom's first airport APM 300 system at New Chengdu Tianfu International Airport enters service"
1472:
1018:"Bombardier and London Gatwick Airport Celebrate the Completion of the New INNOVIA APM 100 System"
1270:
1156:
1130:
532:
870:
768:
651:
522:
303:
206:
157:
1494:"Bombardier-s-INNOVIA-APM-300-Automated-People-Mover-System-Enters-Service-at-Munich-Airport"
1135:
168:
series of fully automated transportation systems. The technology was introduced in 1963 by
1397:"After years of delays, O'Hare's 'people mover' to reopen Wednesday on a limited schedule"
8:
756:
310:
279:
91:
45:
1199:
1833:
American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Automated People Mover Standards Committee
1561:"First automatic people mover (APM) delivered to Beijing Capital International Airport"
807:
299:
225:
1515:"Los Angeles International Airport awards contracts for $ 4.9bn monorail installation"
1787:
1750:
1652:
972:
803:
555:
466:
1089:"Thunder Bay News; NetNewsLedger.com – Bombardier Announces Joint Venture for China"
1779:
964:
729:
605:
354:
283:
1267:"People-Movers find their niche [Archive] - Dallas Fort Worth Urban Forum"
959:
Leder, William H.; Sproule, William J. (2013). "Airport APMs—History and Future".
1771:
1648:
APM and Other
Driverless Systems for Integrated Urban Planning and Sustainability
628:
585:
508:
343:
996:
856:
229:
First-generation C-100 vehicles operating at Tampa International Airport in 1982
1815:
1107:"Pa. technology fund links universities, industry to solve innovation problems"
689:
391:
165:
145:
968:
1841:
1783:
822:
611:
260:
1611:"Pestech to finance, upgrade and operate KLIA Aerotrain project for RM743m"
762:
645:
278:
In November 2014, Bombardier signed a joint venture agreement with China's
817:
591:
502:
255:
Innovia vehicles (later renamed Innovia 200 APM) operating on DFW Skylink
251:
193:
641:
545:
202:
197:
A refurbished Skybus on display at Alstom's factory in West Mifflin, PA
1242:"Bombardier Completes Automated People Mover System in Beijing, China"
1182:"Crashkit International Corporation – Canadian Aviation Survival Gear"
361:, Malaysia (to be replaced with Innovia APM 300 rolling stock in 2025)
1196:"Bombardier Signs New People Mover Contract at San Francisco Airport"
395:
1426:"Bombardier to build automated people mover system at Dubai Airport"
993:"Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Skylink | Lea+Elliott"
1646:
1770:
Morris, Jane L.; Decostro, Robert L.; Incorvati, Mark V. (2011).
680:, United Arab Emirates Terminal 1 (Terminal 3 uses Crystal Mover)
633:
The Innovia APM 256 was designed as a direct replacement for the
462:
245:
178:
79:
573:
161:
100:
94:
740:
Denver International Airport Automated Guideway Transit System
549:
318:
1157:"CRRC-Bombardier JV Sign Contract for 19 APMs for Singapore"
314:
131:
1349:"PHX Sky Train, Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix"
1292:"Bombardier people mover cars enter service in Singapore"
849:"Bombardier gets Adtranz for a "bargain".(Brief Article)"
784:
1832:
1769:
746:, United States (new rolling stock as Innovia APM 300R)
1473:"New automated people mover system for Munich Airport"
1428:. Railway Technology. 29 November 2012. Archived from
505:
at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, United States
1645:
Leder, William H.; Sproule, William J. (April 2013).
895:"The Milwaukee Journal – Google News Archive Search"
201:
Development began in the 1960s when Westinghouse, a
160:
system (APM) currently manufactured and marketed by
942:"The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search"
924:"The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search"
771:, Singapore (new rolling stock as Innovia APM 300R)
214:two minutes. After the tests, Westinghouse and the
1452:"Bombardier wins Jeddah airport people mover deal"
736:, Malaysia (new rolling stock as Innovia APM 300R)
674:Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover
1036:
1034:
1839:
1776:Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2011
1368:
1040:
961:Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2013
781:delivered as a turnkey transit system contract.
513:Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
309:Vehicles manufactured by the joint venture with
209:(APM) for use on a demonstration project at the
562:Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System
1294:. Global Rail News. 2014-11-19. Archived from
1031:
433:Pittsburgh International Airport People Movers
413:Harry Reid International Airport People Movers
185:in 2001, and most recently to Alstom in 2021.
1221:"Bombardier, Denver sign APM contract – Rail"
1644:
1269:. Forum.dallasmetropolis.com. Archived from
958:
205:, Pennsylvania company, first engineered an
1772:"PHX Sky Train: APM Adaptation for Phoenix"
1579:
1577:
423:Orlando International Airport People Movers
1512:
1126:"Adtranz is world leader in people moving"
662:
622:
568:
329:
282:to manufacture and market Innovia APM and
1449:
1394:
493:Tampa International Airport People Movers
1574:
1475:. Passengerterminaltoday.com. 2011-11-23
616:Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
579:Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
572:
333:
250:
224:
218:attempted to build a larger system, the
192:
1651:. American Society of Civil Engineers.
596:Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
306:technology and has three test tracks.
14:
1840:
1755:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1043:"Guangzhou peoplemover enters service"
294:Innovia APM vehicles are assembled in
1517:. Construction Global. Archived from
1395:Freishtat, Sarah (November 2, 2021).
1123:
785:Route layout and system configuration
775:
718:Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport
712:Beijing Capital International Airport
385:Beijing Capital International Airport
1198:. Railway Technology. Archived from
706:Chengdu Tianfu International Airport
684:King Abdulaziz International Airport
656:Chicago O'Hare International Airport
477:George Bush Intercontinental Airport
447:Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
407:Madrid Barajas International Airport
240:The APM technology was purchased by
134:, China (CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Alstom)
1093:Thunder Bay News; NetNewsLedger.com
429:, United States (gates 70-129 only)
369:San Francisco International Airport
24:
1388:
750:
734:Kuala Lumpur International Airport
359:Kuala Lumpur International Airport
324:
216:Port Authority of Allegheny County
25:
1859:
1826:
1373:. Railway Gazette. Archived from
1244:. Marketwired.com. Archived from
1045:. Railway Gazette. Archived from
700:Los Angeles International Airport
375:Automated Guideway Transit System
244:in 1988 and later transferred to
1351:. Railway Technology. 2011-06-15
1070:. Railway Technology. 2011-06-15
995:. Leaelliott.com. Archived from
714:, China (only new rolling stock)
667:
539:
487:Sacramento International Airport
437:Pittsburgh International Airport
417:Harry Reid International Airport
38:
1800:
1763:
1718:
1693:
1679:
1665:
1638:
1617:
1603:
1553:
1532:
1506:
1486:
1465:
1443:
1418:
1407:from the original on 2021-11-02
1371:"Taipei Neihu Line inaugurated"
1362:
1341:
1320:
1309:
1284:
1259:
1234:
1213:
1188:
1174:
1149:
1117:
1099:
1081:
1060:
724:Hong Kong International Airport
286:systems in the Chinese market.
220:Transit Expressway Revenue Line
1010:
985:
952:
934:
916:
887:
863:
841:
348:
267:The technology transferred to
13:
1:
834:
427:Orlando International Airport
289:
27:Automated people mover system
1585:"庞巴迪中国合资企业斩获深圳机场全自动旅客捷运系统合同"
1454:. ConstructionWeekOnline.com
1223:. Metro Magazine. 2010-12-22
1068:"Bombardier INNOVIA APM 300"
744:Denver International Airport
379:Denver International Airport
338:Innovia APM 100 in Singapore
211:Allegheny County Fairgrounds
7:
1124:Grata, Joe (June 6, 1999).
797:
678:Dubai International Airport
602:Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit
497:Tampa International Airport
235:Tampa International Airport
10:
1864:
1330:. metrotram.it. 2011-01-29
828:Véhicule Automatique Léger
696:LAX Automated People Mover
626:
583:
483:SMF Automated People Mover
341:
296:West Mifflin, Pennsylvania
188:
126:West Mifflin, Pennsylvania
44:An Innovia APM 300 on the
1513:Tom Wadlow (2018-06-11).
969:10.1061/9780784412862.002
457:Leonardo da Vinci Airport
269:Bombardier Transportation
183:Bombardier Transportation
141:
118:
110:
60:
52:
37:
32:
1020:. Eurotransport Magazine
552:, Florida, United States
443:Satellite Transit System
1131:Pittsburgh Post Gazette
663:Innovia APM 300 systems
623:Innovia APM 256 systems
569:Innovia APM 200 systems
533:London Stansted Airport
330:Innovia APM 100 systems
1369:DVV Media Group GmbH.
1041:DVV Media Group GmbH.
871:"Skybus in Pittsburgh"
769:Bukit Panjang LRT line
652:Airport Transit System
581:
523:London Gatwick Airport
519:Tracked Shuttle System
339:
304:automated people mover
256:
230:
207:automated people mover
198:
158:automated people mover
1848:Innovia people movers
576:
337:
254:
228:
196:
1784:10.1061/41193(424)11
1778:. pp. 114–125.
1591:on 12 September 2021
875:Brookline Connection
313:are manufactured in
46:Gold Line in Bangkok
1613:. 28 December 2021.
813:Competing systems:
577:Innovia APM 200 at
321:Province in China.
311:CRRC Nanjing Puzhen
280:CRRC Nanjing Puzhen
92:CRRC Nanjing Puzhen
1095:. 6 November 2014.
963:. pp. 14–37.
808:Rubber-tyred metro
776:Integrated Systems
582:
564:, Guangzhou, China
340:
300:Greater Pittsburgh
257:
231:
199:
156:is a rubber-tired
1793:978-0-7844-1193-3
1658:978-0-7844-1286-2
978:978-0-7844-1286-2
804:Rubber-tyred tram
757:Bangkok Gold Line
608:, United Kingdom
556:Bukit Panjang LRT
467:Frankfurt Airport
415:(three lines) at
259:As the competing
151:
150:
16:(Redirected from
1855:
1820:
1819:
1814:. Archived from
1804:
1798:
1797:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1731:. Archived from
1730:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1703:. Archived from
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:"Globe Investor"
1683:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1587:. Archived from
1581:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1134:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
1114:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
989:
983:
982:
956:
950:
949:
938:
932:
931:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
901:. Archived from
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
867:
861:
860:
855:. Archived from
845:
606:Heathrow Airport
535:, United Kingdom
525:, United Kingdom
284:Innovia Monorail
173:Westinghouse to
42:
30:
29:
21:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1768:
1764:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1726:"Archived copy"
1724:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1450:Stephen White.
1448:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1401:Chicago Tribune
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1122:
1118:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1050:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
991:
990:
986:
979:
957:
953:
940:
939:
935:
922:
921:
917:
908:
906:
893:
892:
888:
879:
877:
869:
868:
864:
847:
846:
842:
837:
800:
787:
778:
753:
702:, United States
670:
665:
658:, United States
631:
629:Innovia APM 256
625:
618:, United States
598:, United States
588:
586:Innovia APM 200
571:
542:
515:, United States
509:The Plane Train
499:, United States
489:, United States
479:, United States
449:, United States
439:, United States
419:, United States
403:system in 2006)
381:, United States
371:, United States
351:
346:
344:Innovia APM 100
332:
327:
325:Implementations
292:
191:
164:as part of its
137:
106:
48:
28:
23:
22:
18:Innovia APM 300
15:
12:
11:
5:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1827:External links
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:on 2004-06-01.
1799:
1792:
1762:
1717:
1692:
1678:
1664:
1657:
1637:
1616:
1602:
1573:
1552:
1531:
1505:
1485:
1464:
1442:
1417:
1387:
1361:
1340:
1328:"metrotram.it"
1319:
1308:
1283:
1258:
1233:
1212:
1187:
1173:
1148:
1116:
1098:
1080:
1059:
1030:
1009:
984:
977:
951:
933:
915:
886:
862:
859:on 2015-03-29.
839:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
825:
820:
811:
810:
799:
796:
786:
783:
777:
774:
773:
772:
766:
760:
752:
749:
748:
747:
737:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
693:
690:Munich Airport
687:
686:, Saudi Arabia
681:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
649:
627:Main article:
624:
621:
620:
619:
609:
599:
584:Main article:
570:
567:
566:
565:
559:
553:
541:
538:
537:
536:
529:Transit System
526:
516:
506:
500:
490:
480:
470:
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
410:
404:
392:Changi Airport
388:
382:
372:
362:
350:
347:
342:Main article:
331:
328:
326:
323:
298:, part of the
291:
288:
190:
187:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
136:
135:
129:
122:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:(2021–present)
98:
97:(2014–present)
89:
83:
77:
71:
64:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1860:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1738:on 2015-07-03
1734:
1727:
1721:
1707:on 2015-04-02
1706:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1612:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1562:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1521:on 2018-06-14
1520:
1516:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1453:
1446:
1432:on 2015-02-23
1431:
1427:
1421:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1377:on 2015-04-04
1376:
1372:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1298:on 2015-03-09
1297:
1293:
1287:
1273:on 2015-04-02
1272:
1268:
1262:
1248:on 2015-04-02
1247:
1243:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1202:on 2015-04-02
1201:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1177:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1138:on 2022-08-10
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1069:
1063:
1049:on 2015-04-04
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1019:
1013:
999:on 2015-03-23
998:
994:
988:
980:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
947:
943:
937:
929:
925:
919:
905:on 2016-04-10
904:
900:
896:
890:
876:
872:
866:
858:
854:
850:
844:
840:
829:
826:
824:
823:Crystal Mover
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
809:
805:
802:
801:
795:
791:
782:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
754:
751:Urban systems
745:
741:
738:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
672:
671:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
640:
639:
638:
636:
630:
617:
613:
612:PHX Sky Train
610:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
590:
589:
587:
580:
575:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
547:
544:
543:
540:Urban systems
534:
530:
527:
524:
520:
517:
514:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
494:
491:
488:
484:
481:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
461:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
418:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
401:Crystal Mover
399:(replaced by
398:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
353:
352:
345:
336:
322:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
287:
285:
281:
276:
272:
270:
265:
262:
261:Crystal Mover
253:
249:
247:
243:
238:
236:
227:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
195:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
147:
144:
140:
133:
130:
128:, US (Alstom)
127:
124:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1816:the original
1811:
1808:"Chapter 24"
1802:
1775:
1765:
1740:. Retrieved
1733:the original
1720:
1709:. Retrieved
1705:the original
1695:
1681:
1667:
1647:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1619:
1605:
1595:12 September
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1564:. Retrieved
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1488:
1477:. Retrieved
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1445:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1400:
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1364:
1353:. Retrieved
1343:
1332:. Retrieved
1322:
1311:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1286:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:the original
1236:
1225:. Retrieved
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:the original
1190:
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1163:. 2019-05-22
1161:Railway-News
1160:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1129:
1119:
1111:TribLIVE.com
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1072:. Retrieved
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1022:. Retrieved
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
997:the original
987:
960:
954:
945:
936:
927:
918:
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
898:
889:
878:. Retrieved
874:
865:
857:the original
853:highbeam.com
852:
843:
812:
792:
788:
779:
763:Pujiang line
646:Taipei Metro
632:
390:
308:
293:
277:
273:
266:
258:
239:
232:
200:
181:in 1996, to
177:in 1988, to
170:Westinghouse
153:
152:
114:Westinghouse
68:Westinghouse
61:Manufacturer
56:1963–present
1812:ntl.bts.gov
818:Cable Liner
726:, Hong Kong
668:At airports
637:256 system
592:DFW Skylink
558:, Singapore
503:TerminaLink
349:At airports
154:Innovia APM
142:Family name
88:(2001–2021)
82:(1996–2001)
76:(1988–1996)
70:(1963–1988)
33:Innovia APM
1742:2015-03-02
1711:2015-03-06
1525:2018-06-13
1499:2015-03-06
1479:2015-03-06
1458:2015-03-06
1436:2015-03-06
1411:2021-11-02
1381:2015-03-06
1355:2015-03-06
1334:2015-03-06
1302:2015-03-06
1277:2015-03-06
1252:2015-03-06
1227:2015-03-06
1206:2015-03-06
1167:2020-06-18
1142:2022-08-10
1074:2015-03-06
1053:2015-03-06
1024:2015-03-06
1003:2015-03-06
946:google.com
928:google.com
909:2016-09-19
899:google.com
880:2022-08-10
835:References
759:, Thailand
642:Wenhu Line
546:Metromover
290:Production
248:in 1996.
203:Pittsburgh
86:Bombardier
53:In service
730:AeroTrain
692:, Germany
469:, Germany
453:SkyBridge
396:Singapore
355:AeroTrain
1842:Category
1751:cite web
1405:Archived
1316:HighBeam
798:See also
720:, China
648:, Taiwan
387:, China
365:AirTrain
119:Built at
111:Designer
1630:July 4,
1566:15 July
1545:15 July
765:, China
708:, China
463:SkyLine
459:, Italy
409:, Spain
246:Adtranz
189:History
179:Adtranz
166:Innovia
146:Innovia
80:Adtranz
1790:
1655:
975:
473:Skyway
162:Alstom
101:Alstom
95:Alstom
1736:(PDF)
1729:(PDF)
830:(VAL)
550:Miami
319:Anhui
1788:ISBN
1757:link
1653:ISBN
1632:2024
1597:2021
1568:2021
1547:2021
973:ISBN
806:and
315:Wuhu
132:Wuhu
1780:doi
965:doi
742:at
732:at
698:at
676:at
654:at
644:of
635:VAL
614:at
604:at
594:at
531:at
521:at
511:at
495:at
485:at
475:at
465:at
455:at
445:at
435:at
425:at
377:at
367:at
357:at
242:AEG
175:AEG
74:AEG
1844::
1810:.
1786:.
1774:.
1753:}}
1749:{{
1576:^
1403:.
1399:.
1159:.
1128:.
1109:.
1091:.
1033:^
971:.
944:.
926:.
897:.
873:.
851:.
548:,
394:,
317:,
1796:.
1782::
1759:)
1745:.
1714:.
1689:.
1675:.
1661:.
1634:.
1599:.
1570:.
1549:.
1528:.
1502:.
1482:.
1461:.
1439:.
1414:.
1384:.
1358:.
1337:.
1305:.
1280:.
1255:.
1230:.
1209:.
1184:.
1170:.
1145:.
1113:.
1077:.
1056:.
1027:.
1006:.
981:.
967::
948:.
930:.
912:.
883:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_Gold_Line_APM01_@_Khlong_San_2024-02-12_(4).jpg)
.jpg)