489:
hair, but otherwise are the same color as the rest of the head. Male muntjacs have short antlers, about 10 cm (3.9 in) long, that protrude from long body hair-covered pedicels above the eyes. Females have tufts of fur and small bony knobs instead of antlers. Males also have elongated (2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in)), slightly curved upper canines, which can be used in male-male conflicts and inflict serious injury. The body length of muntjacs varies from 89–135 cm (35–53 in), with a 13 to 23 cm (5.1 to 9.1 in) long tail, and shoulder height ranging from 40 to 65 cm (16 to 26 in). Adult weight ranges between 13 and 35 kg (29 and 77 lb), with males being larger than females. Muntjacs are unique among the deer, having large, obvious facial (preorbital, in front of the eyes) scent glands used to mark territories or to attract females. Males have larger glands than females.
589:
948:, with each cycle lasting about 14 to 21 days and an estrus lasting for 2 days. The gestation period is 6–7 months and they usually bear one offspring at a time, but sometimes produce twins. Females usually give birth in dense growth so that they are hidden from the rest of the herd and predators. The young leaves its mother after about 6 months to establish its own territory. Males often fight between one another for possession of a harem of females. Muntjacs are distinguished from other even-toed ungulates in showing no evidence of a specific breeding season within the species. Adults exhibit relatively large home range overlap both intersexually and intrasexually, meaning that strict territorialism did not occur but some form of site-specific dominance exists.
568:
957:
985:, which is the oldest known deer to shed antlers. Other fossils found that deer species experienced a split of the Cervinae from the Muntiacinae, the latter of which remained of similar morphology. Muntjacs of this time during the Miocene were smaller than their modern counterparts. Molecular data have suggested that Southern red muntjacs and Fea's muntjacs share a common ancestor, while giant muntjacs are more closely related to Reeve's muntjac. Although the muntjac deer has a long lineage, little has been studied in terms of their fossil record. The female Southern red muntjac deer is the mammal with the lowest recorded
481:
197:
551:
144:
876:
Males often fight with each other over these territories, sufficient vegetation, and for primary preference over females when mating using their short antlers and an even more dangerous weapon, their canines. If a male is not strong enough to acquire his own territory, it will most likely to fall victim to a predator. During the time of the rut, territorial lines are temporarily disregarded and overlap, while males roam constantly in search of a receptive female.
172:
1076:
329:
1015:
36:
488:
The
Southern red muntjac has a short but very soft, thick, dense coat that is more dense in cooler regions. Its face is darker and the limbs are dark to reddish brown and the coat color seasonally varies from darker brown to yellowish and grayish brown and is white ventrally. Its ears have much less
978:
at least 12,000 years ago. Scientists are interested in studying muntjacs because between species, they have a wide variation in number of chromosomes; in fact, the southern red muntjac has the lowest recorded number of chromosomes of any mammal, with males having a diploid number of 7 and females
875:
by rubbing their preorbital glands (located on their face, just below the eyes) on the ground and on trees, scraping their hooves against the ground, and scraping the bark of trees with their lower incisors. These scent markers allow other muntjacs to know whether a territory is occupied or not.
931:
prey on fawns. They are highly alert creatures. When put into a stressful situation or if a predator is sensed, muntjacs begin making a bark-like sound. Barking was originally thought of as a means of communication between the deer during mating season, as well as an alert.
979:
having 6 chromosomes. They are the oldest known members of the deer family, and the earliest known deer-like creatures had horns instead of antlers, but the muntjac is the earliest known species to actually have antlers. Ancestor to muntjacs is the
853:
867:(mating season) and for the first six months after giving birth, the adult muntjac is a solitary animal. Adult males in particular are well spaced and marking grass and bushes with secretions from their
855:
1524:
6550:
854:
1510:"Comparison of ungulate adaptations in the new world and the old world tropical forests with special reference to Ceylon and the rainforests of Central America"
1213:
863:
The
Southern red muntjac is also called "barking deer" due to the bark-like sound that it makes as an alarm when danger is present. Other than during the
1217:
1202:
6326:
6404:
6365:
6525:
1538:
Odden, M.; Wegge, P. (2007). "Predicting spacing behavior and mating systems of solitary cervids: A study of hog deer and Indian muntjac".
417:
This muntjac has soft, short, brownish or grayish hair, sometimes with creamy markings. It is among the smallest deer species. It is an
588:
6484:
6300:
100:
6339:
72:
1748:
318:
1099:
around the outskirts of agricultural areas, as they are considered a nuisance for damaging crops and ripping bark from trees.
6383:
1680:
1346:
1036:
53:
6344:
79:
6545:
6540:
956:
6448:
86:
1658:
1062:
119:
1324:
1044:
1487:
1454:
1421:
1278:
6409:
68:
6535:
1719:
1040:
57:
17:
6502:
6391:
2100:
6240:
871:
appears to be involved in the acquisition and maintenance of territory. Males acquire territories that they
2889:
864:
567:
941:
6378:
6248:
6213:
6253:
2169:
1741:
196:
5146:
2091:
2082:
944:
animals. Females become sexually mature during their first to second year of life. These females are
1394:
497:
The southern red muntjac (previously known as the common muntjac) is one the least known mammals of
4933:
1151:
1025:
93:
5582:
4975:
2871:
2012:
1320:
1029:
46:
6435:
5095:
2531:
6331:
6175:
2633:
2339:
2258:
993:, where 2n = 6. The male has a diploid number of seven chromosomes. In comparison, the similar
577:
6430:
5783:
4813:
3038:
2267:
2151:
1734:
1702:
301:
6422:
1336:
6443:
6357:
6274:
6222:
6090:
5856:
5847:
5792:
5417:
5381:
5354:
4762:
4753:
4198:
4189:
2555:
2414:
2357:
1599:
1549:
1370:
Timmins, R.J.; Steinmetz, R.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, Md.; Sagar Baral, H. (2016).
399:
336:
Range of the northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis) and the southern red muntjac (M. muntjak)
6227:
1230:
1173:
580:, Thailand. This subspecies is now included under the northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis).
8:
6036:
5738:
5729:
5477:
5345:
5318:
5254:
4915:
4795:
4744:
2423:
2330:
1921:
994:
777:
771:
597:
in Khao Yai
National Park, Thailand. This species was formerly included under M. muntjak.
537:
is a terrestrial mammal that live in forests and is resilient to changes in its habitat.
161:
1603:
1553:
6123:
6114:
5486:
5426:
5408:
5390:
5336:
5309:
5300:
4924:
4906:
4840:
4533:
4259:
3736:
3727:
3446:
2880:
2348:
2160:
2142:
2021:
1646:
1623:
1540:
1297:
1283:
1084:
981:
945:
904:
559:
in India. This subspecies is now included under the northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis)
341:
191:
1371:
6417:
6261:
5756:
5747:
5435:
5363:
5291:
5122:
5104:
4957:
3907:
3302:
3293:
3145:
3047:
2826:
2793:
2736:
2606:
2133:
1994:
1654:
1650:
1615:
1565:
1352:
1342:
1302:
1128:
1627:
1087:. Muntjac are hunted for meat and skin in several areas of South and Southeast Asia.
6530:
6475:
6266:
6150:
5904:
5895:
5774:
5615:
5606:
5399:
5071:
5062:
5010:
5001:
4849:
4822:
4735:
4515:
4123:
3549:
3540:
3530:
3503:
3224:
3093:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2058:
2049:
1985:
1912:
1903:
1607:
1557:
1509:
1389:
1292:
1146:
912:
868:
434:
1611:
5880:
5871:
5819:
5810:
5591:
4448:
4439:
3916:
3512:
2564:
2474:
2312:
2124:
2003:
1976:
1967:
975:
502:
6396:
6370:
1475:
1442:
1409:
480:
6080:
6018:
5648:
5639:
5164:
5113:
5034:
5025:
4966:
4804:
4506:
4328:
4319:
3874:
3841:
3823:
3311:
3121:
2996:
2835:
1823:
1795:
1689:
1561:
892:
743:
498:
422:
394:. The other populations being attributed to this species are now attributed to
375:
1726:
386:
before the species was taxonomically revised to represent only populations of
6519:
6352:
6198:
5705:
5687:
5573:
5510:
5501:
4560:
4295:
4268:
4039:
3949:
3940:
3925:
3790:
3754:
3709:
3646:
3637:
3154:
3112:
3005:
2971:
2961:
2862:
2844:
2507:
2456:
2366:
1930:
1380:
1332:
1137:
916:
872:
739:
638:
411:
407:
181:
176:
143:
1356:
550:
6099:
6068:
5958:
5630:
5444:
5372:
5245:
5188:
5179:
4897:
4831:
4593:
4551:
4466:
4277:
3997:
3988:
3850:
3781:
3670:
3661:
3403:
3172:
2853:
2808:
2775:
2546:
2438:
2405:
2321:
1569:
971:
evidence proves that
Southern red muntjacs have been around since the late
968:
924:
442:
328:
1619:
6313:
6207:
5720:
5468:
4630:
4584:
4575:
4524:
4476:
4337:
4179:
3772:
3763:
3591:
3385:
3376:
3366:
3260:
3103:
2913:
2904:
2817:
2660:
2582:
2465:
2390:
2381:
1758:
1306:
972:
908:
450:
248:
1369:
6489:
6305:
5327:
5227:
5052:
4644:
4066:
4048:
3799:
3494:
3479:
3470:
3437:
3214:
3020:
2937:
2928:
2703:
2694:
2573:
2498:
2039:
1860:
990:
986:
1126:
1075:
6318:
6287:
6027:
5948:
5801:
5672:
5663:
5137:
4711:
4702:
4687:
4678:
4542:
4114:
3898:
3832:
3718:
3233:
3029:
2718:
2642:
2522:
2073:
1958:
1948:
1842:
1833:
1715:
1080:
928:
896:
665:
616:
530:
449:
that usually branch just once near the base, and a large postorbital
438:
426:
387:
208:
6169:
5994:
1525:
International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
1256:
1014:
35:
6469:
6292:
6192:
5936:
5564:
5236:
4948:
4786:
4726:
4391:
4090:
3622:
3567:
3455:
3284:
2760:
2751:
2727:
2615:
2489:
2239:
2115:
1811:
1789:
1777:
888:
721:
647:
634:
522:
418:
391:
268:
228:
6497:
6141:
5976:
5837:
5696:
5086:
4873:
4864:
4777:
4663:
4654:
4626:
4382:
4286:
4250:
4165:
4161:
4132:
4057:
3745:
3618:
3579:
3163:
3080:
2986:
2249:
2199:
1894:
1685:
1338:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
884:
707:
674:
526:
506:
430:
278:
6279:
6235:
5985:
5554:
5459:
5282:
5272:
4888:
4400:
4240:
4222:
4213:
4099:
4021:
3973:
3964:
3422:
3413:
3348:
3339:
3329:
3251:
2784:
2597:
2447:
1783:
1771:
1520:
920:
730:
711:
697:
518:
465:
446:
238:
218:
769:
1-2 of them have since been elevated to species status :
6009:
5967:
5542:
5212:
5203:
4497:
4424:
4415:
4346:
4075:
4030:
3889:
3814:
3694:
3685:
3196:
3187:
2679:
2670:
1879:
1870:
1341:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 667.
900:
880:
758:
656:
625:
1585:
764:
5155:
4485:
4373:
4355:
4012:
3865:
3269:
3136:
2952:
2226:
2187:
1096:
1092:
693:
683:
605:
514:
510:
371:
258:
4623:
5765:
4364:
4310:
3242:
2624:
1517:
The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management
1091:
Southern red muntjacs are hunted for sport and for their
1586:
Wurster, D. H.; Benirschke, K. (1970). "Indian
Momtjac,
425:, seeds, bird eggs, and small animals, and occasionally
3615:
604:
There were 15 subspecies included under the species in
4158:
6551:
Taxa named by
Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann
540:
1279:"Musculature of facial scent glands in the muntjac"
1127:Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Hedges, S. (2016).
441:, hence the common name "barking deer". Males have
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1710:Nowak, R.M. (1999). "Muntjacs, or Barking Deer".
521:. It is also assumed to be present in peninsular
6517:
1590:: A Deer with a Low Diploid Chromosome Number".
1756:
1395:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136551A22165292.en
1507:
1152:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42190A56005589.en
1742:
1501:
1641:Kinnear, J. F. (2006). "Nature of Biology".
1363:
1043:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
492:
463:
1831:
1749:
1735:
1537:
1001:) has a diploid number of 46 chromosomes.
840:are included in the northern red muntjac (
816:are included in the southern red muntjak (
327:
170:
142:
6066:
3538:
1393:
1296:
1150:
1063:Learn how and when to remove this message
951:
765:Distribution of subspecies (IUCN and MDD)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
5947:
3337:
1677:
1276:
1074:
955:
851:
706:, black-footed or black-legged muntjac,
479:
2238:
1809:
1701:. Vol. 5 (1 ed.). St. Louis:
1640:
1508:Eisenberg, J. F.; McKay, G. M. (1974).
847:
461:The species was formerly classified as
14:
6518:
1956:
1678:Hutchins, M., ed. (2004). "Muntjacs".
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
6174:
6173:
6065:
5934:
5933:
5539:
4622:
4157:
3614:
3076:
2222:
1808:
1730:
1709:
1581:
1579:
1319:
6503:32CFC5CD-B9CB-4E80-83B8-4C175D1BD65F
3374:
1696:
1515:. In Geist, V.; Walther, F. (eds.).
1251:
1249:
1041:adding citations to reliable sources
1008:
402:). Muntjacs are also referred to as
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
6526:IUCN Red List least concern species
2223:
1381:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1313:
1138:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1109:
24:
5540:
3077:
1681:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1671:
1576:
475:
25:
6562:
1699:Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals
1697:Kurt, F. (1990). "Muntjac Deer".
1246:
541:Distribution of subspecies (MSW3)
1488:American Society of Mammalogists
1455:American Society of Mammalogists
1422:American Society of Mammalogists
1079:Two southern red muntjacs and a
1013:
879:Predators of these deer include
673:, Sumatran or mountain muntjac,
587:
566:
549:
195:
34:
2101:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1634:
1531:
1468:
1435:
935:
378:. It was formerly known as the
155:), in Malaysia, September 2012
45:needs additional citations for
2890:Central American red brocket (
1720:Johns Hopkins University Press
1402:
1270:
1223:
1194:
1166:
940:The Southern red muntjacs are
13:
1:
1712:Walker's Mammals of the World
1684:. Vol. 15 (2 ed.).
1612:10.1126/science.168.3937.1364
1484:ASM Mammal Diversity Database
1451:ASM Mammal Diversity Database
1418:ASM Mammal Diversity Database
1102:
437:, often when frightened by a
3597:Large subfamily listed below
3585:Large subfamily listed below
3573:Large subfamily listed below
1714:. Vol. 2 (6 ed.).
964:metaphase spread chromosomes
151:Adult female and offspring (
7:
2092:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
2083:Indian spotted chevrotain (
10:
6567:
1562:10.1016/j.zool.2007.03.003
1004:
775:(Malabar red muntjak) and
453:used to mark territories.
6546:Mammals described in 1780
6541:Mammals of Southeast Asia
6459:
6182:
6140:
6112:
6088:
6079:
6075:
6061:
6028:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
6019:Domestic Bactrian camel (
6007:
5956:
5943:
5929:
5893:
5869:
5845:
5836:
5718:
5685:
5661:
5628:
5604:
5583:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5562:
5553:
5549:
5535:
5499:
5457:
5280:
5271:
5225:
5201:
5177:
5135:
5084:
5060:
5051:
5023:
4999:
4992:
4946:
4886:
4862:
4775:
4724:
4700:
4676:
4652:
4643:
4639:
4618:
4573:
4474:
4465:
4437:
4413:
4308:
4248:
4239:
4211:
4187:
4178:
4174:
4153:
4112:
4088:
4010:
3986:
3962:
3938:
3887:
3863:
3812:
3707:
3683:
3659:
3635:
3631:
3610:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3529:
3492:
3468:
3435:
3411:
3402:
3365:
3328:
3282:
3222:
3213:
3185:
3134:
3101:
3092:
3088:
3072:
3018:
2984:
2950:
2926:
2902:
2872:Amazonian brown brocket (
2806:
2773:
2749:
2716:
2692:
2668:
2659:
2595:
2544:
2520:
2487:
2436:
2403:
2379:
2247:
2234:
2218:
2205:Large family listed below
2198:
2193:Large family listed below
2186:
2170:Williamson's mouse-deer (
2113:
2071:
2047:
2038:
1947:
1892:
1868:
1859:
1822:
1818:
1804:
1766:
1207:Encyclopædia Britannica,
347:
340:
335:
326:
307:
300:
192:Scientific classification
190:
168:
159:
150:
141:
136:
4269:Domestic water buffalo (
2634:Central Asian red deer (
2259:Bornean yellow muntjac (
781:(northern red muntjac).
493:Distribution and habitat
5147:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4934:Soemmerring's gazelle (
3039:Yucatan brown brocket (
2268:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
2152:Philippine mouse-deer (
873:mark with scent markers
456:
433:. Its calls sound like
421:and eats grass, fruit,
5857:White-lipped peccary (
5793:Philippine warty pig (
5418:Yellow-backed duiker (
5382:Black-fronted duiker (
5355:White-bellied duiker (
4976:Przewalski's gazelle (
4199:Four-horned antelope (
2997:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
2556:Visayan spotted deer (
2415:European fallow deer (
2358:Northern red muntjac (
2304:Southern red muntjac (
1643:Chromosomes: How Many?
1388:: e.T136551A22165292.
1335:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1088:
965:
952:Evolution and genetics
860:
578:Khao Yai National Park
485:
464:
69:"Southern red muntjac"
6536:Mammals of South Asia
6431:Paleobiology Database
6037:Wild Bactrian camel (
5739:Bornean bearded pig (
5730:Palawan bearded pig (
5319:White-legged duiker (
4745:Red-fronted gazelle (
2424:Persian fallow deer (
2340:Roosevelt's muntjac (
2013:Himalayan musk deer (
1922:Reticulated giraffe (
1651:John Wiley & Sons
1445:Muntiacus malabaricus
1277:Barrette, C. (1976).
1145:: e.T42190A56005589.
1078:
959:
858:
757:, Burma to southwest
501:. It is found in the
483:
137:Southern red muntjac
6124:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5784:Oliver's warty pig (
5409:Red-flanked duiker (
4814:Erlanger's gazelle (
4534:Harnessed bushbuck (
4260:Wild water buffalo (
3737:East Caucasian tur (
3728:West Caucasian tur (
2881:Little red brocket (
2349:Truong Son muntjac (
2161:Vietnam mouse-deer (
2143:Greater mouse-deer (
2022:Siberian musk deer (
1182:Animal Diversity Web
1037:improve this section
848:Ecology and behavior
400:Northern red muntjac
362:southern red muntjac
54:improve this article
5757:Celebes warty pig (
5748:Visayan warty pig (
5364:Red forest duiker (
5096:GĂĽnther's dik-dik (
4958:Mongolian gazelle (
4763:Heuglin's gazelle (
4754:Thomson's gazelle (
3908:Long-tailed goral (
3303:Mountain reedbuck (
3294:Southern reedbuck (
3146:East African oryx (
3048:White-tailed deer (
2827:Small red brocket (
2794:South Andean deer (
2737:Siberian roe deer (
2728:European roe deer (
2565:Philippine sambar (
2532:Père David's deer (
2134:Lesser mouse-deer (
1995:Kashmir musk deer (
1604:1970Sci...168.1364W
1598:(3937): 1364–1366.
1554:2007Zool..110..261O
1527:. pp. 584–602.
1412:Muntiacus vaginalis
1374:Muntiacus vaginalis
905:Asiatic black bears
655:, Burmese muntjac,
529:. It is extinct in
396:Muntiacus vaginalis
162:Conservation status
5905:Collared peccary (
5775:Flores warty pig (
5616:Giant forest hog (
5478:Maxwell's duiker (
5400:Ruwenzori duiker (
5346:Jentink's duiker (
5255:Sharpe's grysbok (
5011:Tibetan antelope (
4916:Bright's gazelle (
4850:Goitered gazelle (
4823:Mountain gazelle (
4796:Cuvier's gazelle (
4736:Mongalla gazelle (
4124:Pyrenean chamois (
3550:Tibetan antelope (
3504:Black wildebeest (
2331:Reeves's muntjac (
2295:Sumatran muntjac (
2286:Gongshan muntjac (
2059:Water chevrotain (
1986:Alpine musk deer (
1913:Southern giraffe (
1904:Northern giraffe (
1647:Milton, Queensland
1541:Journal of Zoology
1284:Journal of Anatomy
1089:
1085:Poumai Naga people
982:Dicrocerus elegans
966:
861:
727:M. m. pleicharicus
664:, South India and
653:M. m. grandicornis
486:
406:. It is listed as
374:species native to
6513:
6512:
6418:Open Tree of Life
6241:muntiacus-muntjak
6228:Muntiacus_muntjak
6214:Muntiacus muntjak
6184:Muntiacus muntjak
6176:Taxon identifiers
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6136:
6135:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6048:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5881:Chacoan peccary (
5832:
5831:
5820:Javan warty pig (
5811:Timor warty pig (
5618:H. meinertzhageni
5592:Togian babirusa (
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5487:Walter's duiker (
5427:Abbott's duiker (
5391:Ogilby's duiker (
5337:Harvey's duiker (
5301:Brooke's duiker (
5267:
5266:
5047:
5046:
4988:
4987:
4925:Peter's gazelle (
4907:Grant's gazelle (
4841:Speke's gazelle (
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4491:
4461:
4460:
4449:African buffalo (
4280:B. depressicornis
4235:
4234:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
3917:Himalayan goral (
3739:C. cylindricornis
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3562:
3561:
3525:
3524:
3513:Blue wildebeest (
3447:Common tsessebe (
3398:
3397:
3361:
3360:
3324:
3323:
3236:K. ellipsiprymnus
3209:
3208:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3008:P. mephistophiles
2964:P. mephistophiles
2655:
2654:
2351:M. truongsonensis
2313:Pu Hoat muntjac (
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2182:
2181:
2125:Java mouse-deer (
2034:
2033:
2004:Black musk deer (
1977:Dwarf musk deer (
1968:Anhui musk deer (
1943:
1942:
1906:G. camelopardalis
1855:
1854:
1588:Muntiacus muntiak
1478:Muntiacus muntjak
1348:978-0-8018-8221-0
1327:Muntiacus muntjak
1176:Muntiacus muntjak
1131:Muntiacus muntjak
1073:
1072:
1065:
913:Asian golden cats
869:preorbital glands
856:
690:M. m. nainggolani
686:and south Sumatra
682:, Javan muntjac,
662:M. m. malabaricus
644:M. m. curvostylis
574:M. m. curvostylis
525:and southwestern
367:Muntiacus muntjak
358:
357:
311:Muntiacus muntjak
185:
153:Muntiacus muntjak
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6558:
6506:
6505:
6493:
6492:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6452:
6451:
6439:
6438:
6426:
6425:
6413:
6412:
6400:
6399:
6397:NHMSYS0021109725
6387:
6386:
6374:
6373:
6361:
6360:
6348:
6347:
6335:
6334:
6322:
6321:
6309:
6308:
6296:
6295:
6283:
6282:
6270:
6269:
6257:
6256:
6244:
6243:
6231:
6230:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6171:
6170:
6086:
6085:
6077:
6076:
6063:
6062:
5954:
5953:
5945:
5944:
5931:
5930:
5843:
5842:
5649:Common warthog (
5640:Desert warthog (
5560:
5559:
5551:
5550:
5537:
5536:
5436:Weyns's duiker (
5310:Peters' duiker (
5292:Aders's duiker (
5278:
5277:
5165:Royal antelope (
5123:Salt's dik-dik (
5114:Silver dik-dik (
5105:Kirk's dik-dik (
5058:
5057:
5035:Saiga antelope (
4997:
4996:
4936:N. soemmerringii
4805:Dorcas gazelle (
4650:
4649:
4641:
4640:
4634:
4620:
4619:
4507:Mountain nyala (
4490:
4489:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4427:P. nghetinhensis
4329:European bison (
4320:American bison (
4246:
4245:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4169:
4155:
4154:
4031:Domestic sheep (
3875:Himalayan tahr (
3842:Mainland serow (
3824:Japanese serow (
3633:
3632:
3626:
3612:
3611:
3536:
3535:
3409:
3408:
3372:
3371:
3335:
3334:
3312:Bohor reedbuck (
3220:
3219:
3199:A. nasomaculatus
3122:Sable antelope (
3099:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3074:
3073:
2836:Merida brocket (
2666:
2665:
2607:Thorold's deer (
2459:A. calamianensis
2342:M. rooseveltorum
2288:M. gongshanensis
2245:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2045:
2044:
1954:
1953:
1933:G. tippelskirchi
1866:
1865:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1706:
1693:
1665:
1664:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1216:, 1876, p.
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1124:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1017:
1009:
995:Reeves's muntjac
889:clouded leopards
857:
718:M. m. peninsulae
613:M. m. annamensis
591:
570:
553:
470:
331:
313:
200:
199:
179:
174:
173:
146:
134:
133:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6501:
6496:
6488:
6483:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6455:
6447:
6442:
6434:
6429:
6421:
6416:
6408:
6403:
6395:
6390:
6382:
6377:
6369:
6364:
6356:
6351:
6343:
6338:
6330:
6325:
6317:
6312:
6304:
6299:
6291:
6286:
6278:
6273:
6265:
6260:
6252:
6247:
6239:
6234:
6226:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6178:
6168:
6155:
6132:
6108:
6071:
6045:
6003:
5939:
5913:
5889:
5865:
5828:
5795:S. philippensis
5732:S. ahoenobarbus
5714:
5706:Red river hog (
5681:
5657:
5624:
5600:
5574:Buru babirusa (
5545:
5519:
5511:Common duiker (
5495:
5453:
5263:
5221:
5197:
5173:
5131:
5080:
5043:
5019:
4984:
4969:P. picticaudata
4942:
4882:
4858:
4852:G. subgutturosa
4771:
4720:
4696:
4672:
4635:
4624:
4602:
4569:
4561:Cape bushbuck (
4554:T. strepsiceros
4483:
4482:
4480:
4457:
4433:
4409:
4304:
4296:Mountain anoa (
4231:
4225:B. tragocamelus
4207:
4201:T. quadricornis
4170:
4159:
4141:
4108:
4084:
4040:Bighorn sheep (
4006:
3982:
3958:
3950:Mountain goat (
3934:
3926:Chinese goral (
3883:
3859:
3844:C. sumatraensis
3808:
3791:Siberian ibex (
3755:Domestic goat (
3703:
3679:
3655:
3647:Barbary sheep (
3627:
3616:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3558:
3521:
3488:
3464:
3431:
3394:
3357:
3320:
3278:
3205:
3181:
3155:Scimitar oryx (
3130:
3113:Roan antelope (
3084:
3078:
3056:
3014:
3006:Northern pudu (
2980:
2972:Southern pudu (
2962:Northern pudu (
2946:
2922:
2898:
2863:Pygmy brocket (
2845:Dwarf brocket (
2802:
2769:
2745:
2712:
2688:
2651:
2591:
2540:
2516:
2483:
2457:Calamian deer (
2432:
2426:D. mesopotamica
2399:
2375:
2369:M. vuquangensis
2367:Giant muntjac (
2277:Fea's muntjac (
2230:
2224:
2206:
2194:
2178:
2109:
2067:
2030:
1988:M. chrysogaster
1939:
1931:Masai giraffe (
1888:
1851:
1814:
1800:
1762:
1755:
1674:
1672:Further reading
1669:
1668:
1661:
1653:Australia Ltd.
1639:
1635:
1584:
1577:
1536:
1532:
1523:, Switzerland:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1368:
1364:
1349:
1318:
1314:
1291:(Pt 1): 61–66.
1275:
1271:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1231:animaldiversity
1229:
1228:
1224:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1125:
1110:
1105:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1034:
1018:
1007:
969:Paleontological
962:M. m. vaginalis
954:
938:
852:
850:
784:The subspecies
767:
755:M. m. vaginalis
736:M. m. robinsoni
602:
601:
600:
599:
598:
592:
583:
582:
581:
571:
562:
561:
560:
554:
543:
503:Malay Peninsula
495:
478:
476:Characteristics
459:
322:
315:
309:
296:
293:M. muntjak
194:
186:
175:
171:
164:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
27:Species of deer
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6564:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6494:
6481:
6465:
6463:
6461:Cervus muntjak
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6440:
6427:
6414:
6401:
6388:
6375:
6362:
6349:
6336:
6323:
6310:
6297:
6284:
6271:
6258:
6245:
6232:
6219:
6204:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6126:C. liberiensis
6120:
6118:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6100:Hippopotamus (
6096:
6094:
6083:
6081:Hippopotamidae
6073:
6072:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6034:
6030:C. dromedarius
6025:
6015:
6013:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5951:
5941:
5940:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5853:
5851:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5817:
5813:S. timoriensis
5808:
5799:
5790:
5781:
5772:
5766:Domestic pig (
5763:
5754:
5745:
5736:
5726:
5724:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5703:
5693:
5691:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5669:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5646:
5642:P. aethiopicus
5636:
5634:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5612:
5610:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:B. togeanensis
5589:
5580:
5570:
5568:
5557:
5547:
5546:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5484:
5475:
5465:
5463:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5445:Zebra duiker (
5442:
5433:
5424:
5420:C. silvicultor
5415:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5373:Black duiker (
5370:
5361:
5357:C. leucogaster
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5288:
5286:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5252:
5246:Cape grysbok (
5243:
5233:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5189:Klipspringer (
5185:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5162:
5153:
5143:
5141:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5120:
5116:M. piacentinii
5111:
5102:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5007:
5005:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4978:P. przewalskii
4973:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4898:Dama gazelle (
4894:
4892:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4847:
4838:
4832:Rhim gazelle (
4829:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4690:A. marsupialis
4684:
4682:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4594:Common eland (
4591:
4581:
4579:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4558:
4552:Greater kudu (
4549:
4540:
4531:
4522:
4513:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4389:
4380:
4371:
4365:Domestic yak (
4362:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4293:
4289:B. mindorensis
4284:
4278:Lowland anoa (
4275:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4182:
4172:
4171:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3998:Nilgiri tahr (
3994:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3851:Taiwan serow (
3848:
3839:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3782:Iberian ibex (
3779:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3671:Arabian tahr (
3667:
3665:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3309:
3305:R. fulvorufula
3300:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3173:Arabian oryx (
3170:
3161:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:O. virginianus
3045:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:O. bezoarticus
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2856:M. gouazoubira
2854:Gray brocket (
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2609:C. albirostris
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:E. cephalophus
2387:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2322:Leaf muntjac (
2319:
2315:M. puhoatensis
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:T. williamsoni
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:M. moschiferus
2019:
2015:M. leucogaster
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1979:M. berezovskii
1974:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1824:Antilocapridae
1816:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1796:Laurasiatheria
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1707:
1694:
1690:The Gale Group
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1645:(3 ed.).
1633:
1575:
1548:(4): 261–270.
1530:
1500:
1467:
1434:
1401:
1362:
1347:
1312:
1269:
1245:
1222:
1193:
1165:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1083:hunted by the
1071:
1070:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1003:
987:diploid number
953:
950:
937:
934:
917:golden jackals
849:
846:
772:M. malabaricus
766:
763:
762:
761:
752:
751:, north Borneo
746:
744:Lingga Islands
733:
724:
715:
704:M. m. nigripes
701:
687:
677:
671:M. m. montanus
668:
659:
650:
641:
639:Bangka Islands
631:M. m. bancanus
628:
619:
593:
586:
585:
584:
572:
565:
564:
563:
555:
548:
547:
546:
545:
544:
542:
539:
499:Southeast Asia
494:
491:
477:
474:
458:
455:
384:common muntjac
380:Indian muntjac
376:Southeast Asia
356:
355:
354:
353:
351:Cervus muntjac
345:
344:
338:
337:
333:
332:
324:
323:
316:
305:
304:
298:
297:
290:
288:
284:
283:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
188:
187:
169:
166:
165:
160:
157:
156:
148:
147:
139:
138:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
18:Indian Muntjac
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6563:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6504:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6486:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6224:
6220:
6215:
6209:
6205:
6200:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6172:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6129:
6127:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6060:
6042:
6040:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6021:C. bactrianus
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5928:
5910:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5825:
5823:
5822:S. verrucosus
5818:
5816:
5814:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5768:S. domesticus
5764:
5762:
5760:
5759:S. celebensis
5755:
5753:
5751:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5688:Potamochoerus
5684:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5585:B. celebensis
5581:
5579:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5534:
5516:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5469:Blue duiker (
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5384:C. nigrifrons
5380:
5378:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5366:C. natalensis
5362:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5312:C. callipygus
5308:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5239:R. campestris
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5191:O. oreotragus
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5040:
5038:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4834:G. leptoceros
4830:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4738:E. albonotata
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4714:A. cervicapra
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4617:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4585:Giant eland (
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4563:T. sylvaticus
4559:
4557:
4555:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4525:Lesser kudu (
4523:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4340:B. domesticus
4338:Bali cattle (
4336:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4152:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4042:O. canadensis
4038:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:Nilgiritragus
3985:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3952:O. americanus
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3877:H. jemlahicus
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3773:Nubian ibex (
3771:
3769:
3767:
3764:Alpine ibex (
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3609:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Pantholopinae
3528:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3482:A. buselaphus
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3386:Grey rhebok (
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Aepycerotinae
3327:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3261:Nile lechwe (
3259:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Hippotraginae
3091:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2940:B. dichotomus
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2914:Pampas deer (
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2874:M. nemorivaga
2870:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2818:Red brocket (
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2787:H. antisensis
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2627:C. canadensis
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2576:R. timorensis
2572:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2534:E. davidianus
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:R. duvaucelii
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2466:Bawean deer (
2464:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2391:Tufted deer (
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:M. putaoensis
2320:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2270:M. crinifrons
2266:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2163:T. versicolor
2159:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1970:M. anhuiensis
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1924:G. reticulata
1920:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1662:
1660:9780731402366
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:(id=1006332)"
1479:
1471:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:(id=1006331)"
1446:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:(id=1006338)"
1413:
1405:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1022:This section
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:
977:
974:
970:
963:
958:
949:
947:
943:
933:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
874:
870:
866:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
773:
760:
756:
753:
750:
749:M. m. rubidus
747:
745:
741:
740:Bintan Island
737:
734:
732:
728:
725:
723:
719:
716:
713:
709:
705:
702:
699:
695:
691:
688:
685:
681:
680:M. m. muntjak
678:
676:
672:
669:
667:
663:
660:
658:
654:
651:
649:
645:
642:
640:
636:
632:
629:
627:
624:, peninsular
623:
620:
618:
614:
611:
610:
609:
607:
596:
590:
579:
575:
569:
558:
552:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
490:
482:
473:
471:
469:
467:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
412:IUCN Red List
409:
408:Least Concern
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
352:
349:
348:
346:
343:
339:
334:
330:
325:
320:
314:
312:
306:
303:
302:Binomial name
299:
295:
294:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
189:
183:
178:
177:Least Concern
167:
163:
158:
154:
149:
145:
140:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6460:
6183:
6125:
6113:
6102:H. amphibius
6101:
6091:Hippopotamus
6089:
6069:Whippomorpha
6038:
6029:
6020:
6008:
5996:
5987:
5978:
5969:
5957:
5906:
5894:
5882:
5870:
5858:
5846:
5821:
5812:
5803:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5767:
5758:
5750:S. cebifrons
5749:
5740:
5731:
5719:
5707:
5698:
5686:
5674:
5662:
5651:P. africanus
5650:
5641:
5631:Phacochoerus
5629:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5584:
5576:B. babyrussa
5575:
5563:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5480:P. maxwellii
5479:
5471:P. monticola
5470:
5458:
5446:
5437:
5428:
5419:
5411:C. rufilatus
5410:
5401:
5392:
5383:
5374:
5365:
5356:
5347:
5338:
5329:
5328:Bay duiker (
5321:C. crusalbum
5320:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5281:
5273:Cephalophini
5256:
5248:R. melanotis
5247:
5238:
5226:
5214:
5202:
5190:
5178:
5166:
5158:N. moschatus
5157:
5148:
5136:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5098:M. guentheri
5097:
5085:
5074:D. megalotis
5073:
5061:
5036:
5024:
5013:P. hodgsonii
5012:
5000:
4977:
4968:
4960:P. gutturosa
4959:
4947:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4887:
4875:
4863:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4816:G. erlangeri
4815:
4806:
4797:
4789:G. bennettii
4788:
4776:
4764:
4756:E. thomsonii
4755:
4747:E. rufifrons
4746:
4737:
4725:
4713:
4701:
4689:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4595:
4587:T. derbianus
4586:
4574:
4562:
4553:
4544:
4535:
4526:
4518:T. eurycerus
4517:
4508:
4499:
4475:
4467:Tragelaphini
4450:
4438:
4426:
4414:
4402:
4393:
4385:B. javanicus
4384:
4375:
4367:B. grunniens
4366:
4357:
4349:B. frontalis
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4288:
4279:
4270:
4261:
4249:
4224:
4212:
4200:
4188:
4135:R. rupicapra
4134:
4126:R. pyrenaica
4125:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4068:
4067:Snow sheep (
4059:
4050:
4049:Dall sheep (
4041:
4032:
4023:
4011:
4000:N. hylocrius
3999:
3987:
3976:O. moschatus
3975:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3843:
3834:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3800:Walia ibex (
3792:
3784:C. pyrenaica
3783:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3748:C. falconeri
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3708:
3697:B. taxicolor
3696:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3636:
3552:P. hodgsonii
3551:
3539:
3514:
3505:
3495:Connochaetes
3493:
3481:
3480:Hartebeest (
3469:
3457:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3404:Alcelaphinae
3388:P. capreolus
3387:
3375:
3350:
3338:
3313:
3304:
3296:R. arundinum
3295:
3283:
3271:
3263:K. megaceros
3262:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3223:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3114:
3102:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2998:
2985:
2973:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2938:Marsh deer (
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2820:M. americana
2819:
2807:
2795:
2786:
2776:Hippocamelus
2774:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2730:C. capreolus
2729:
2717:
2705:
2704:Water deer (
2693:
2681:
2669:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2575:
2567:R. mariannus
2566:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2508:Eld's deer (
2500:
2499:Barasingha (
2488:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2360:M. vaginalis
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2261:M. atherodes
2260:
2248:
2171:
2162:
2154:T. nigricans
2153:
2144:
2135:
2127:T. javanicus
2126:
2114:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2072:
2061:H. aquaticus
2060:
2048:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1957:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1893:
1882:O. johnstoni
1881:
1869:
1845:A. americana
1844:
1832:
1794:Superorder:
1788:Infraclass:
1759:Artiodactyla
1711:
1698:
1679:
1642:
1636:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1516:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1483:
1477:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1450:
1444:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1417:
1411:
1404:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1337:
1333:Wilson, D.E.
1326:
1315:
1288:
1282:
1272:
1225:
1212:, vol.
1210:
1206:
1196:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:
1175:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1142:
1136:
1130:
1090:
1059:
1050:
1035:Please help
1023:
998:
980:
967:
961:
939:
936:Reproduction
909:fishing cats
878:
862:
842:M. vaginalis
841:
837:
834:grandicornis
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
783:
778:M. vaginalis
776:
770:
768:
754:
748:
735:
726:
717:
703:
689:
679:
670:
661:
652:
643:
630:
622:M. m. aureus
621:
612:
603:
595:M. vaginalis
594:
573:
557:M. m. aureus
556:
534:
496:
487:
462:
460:
416:
404:barking deer
403:
395:
390:and perhaps
383:
379:
366:
365:
361:
359:
350:
310:
308:
292:
291:
279:
249:Artiodactyla
152:
131:
116:
110:October 2015
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
6314:iNaturalist
6208:Wikispecies
5979:L. guanicoe
5838:Tayassuidae
5802:Wild boar (
5741:S. barbatus
5699:P. larvatus
5675:P. salvania
5673:Pygmy hog (
5607:Hylochoerus
5460:Philantomba
5348:C. jentinki
5330:C. dorsalis
5283:Cephalophus
5167:N. pygmaeus
5125:M. saltiana
5063:Dorcatragus
5037:S. tatarica
4927:N. petersii
4865:Litocranius
4765:E. tilonura
4712:Blackbuck (
4688:Springbok (
4631:Antilopinae
4629:(subfamily
4576:Taurotragus
4543:Sitatunga (
4536:T. scriptus
4527:T. imberbis
4484:(including
4477:Tragelaphus
4298:B. quarlesi
4180:Boselaphini
4164:(subfamily
4069:O. nivicola
3910:N. caudatus
3899:Red goral (
3890:Naemorhedus
3853:C. swinhoei
3833:Red serow (
3815:Capricornis
3793:C. sibirica
3730:C. caucasia
3721:C. aegagrus
3719:Wild goat (
3673:A. jayakari
3662:Arabitragus
3621:(subfamily
3592:Antilopinae
3515:C. taurinus
3458:D. pygargus
3351:A. melampus
3272:K. vardonii
3234:Waterbuck (
3175:O. leucoryx
3104:Hippotragus
3032:O. hemionus
3030:Mule deer (
2929:Blastocerus
2838:M. bricenii
2796:H. bisulcus
2763:R. tarandus
2739:C. pygargus
2661:Capreolinae
2643:Sika deer (
2585:R. unicolor
2574:Rusa deer (
2477:A. porcinus
2297:M. montanus
2094:M. kathygre
1843:Pronghorn (
1834:Antilocapra
1703:McGraw-Hill
1493:14 February
1460:10 February
1427:10 February
1158:10 February
1053:August 2019
991:chromosomes
973:Pleistocene
946:polyestrous
859:Alarm calls
830:curvostylis
806:pleiharicus
798:nainggolani
451:scent gland
265:Subfamily:
6520:Categories
6476:Q122542498
6115:Choeropsis
5997:L. vicugna
5883:C. wagneri
5786:S. oliveri
5777:S. heureni
5513:S. grimmia
5502:Sylvicapra
5489:P. walteri
5402:C. rubidis
5393:C. ogilbyi
5339:C. harveyi
5303:C. brookei
5257:R. sharpei
5237:Steenbok (
5228:Raphicerus
5180:Oreotragus
5053:Neotragini
5002:Pantholops
4918:N. notatus
4876:L. walleri
4825:G. gazella
4798:G. cuvieri
4787:Chinkara (
4679:Antidorcas
4666:A. clarkei
4655:Ammodorcas
4645:Antilopini
4545:T. spekeii
4509:T. buxtoni
4500:T. angasii
4392:Wild yak (
4376:B. indicus
4331:B. bonasus
4271:B. bubalis
4214:Boselaphus
4190:Tetracerus
4060:O. gmelini
3928:N. griseus
3901:N. baileyi
3866:Hemitragus
3835:C. rubidus
3826:C. crispus
3775:C. nubiana
3638:Ammotragus
3541:Pantholops
3471:Alcelaphus
3456:Bontebok (
3449:D. lunatus
3438:Damaliscus
3425:B. hunteri
3314:R. redunca
3215:Reduncinae
3166:O. gazella
3115:H. equinus
3041:O. pandora
3021:Odocoileus
2905:Ozotoceros
2761:Reindeer (
2706:H. inermis
2695:Hydropotes
2618:C. elaphus
2616:Red deer (
2558:R. alfredi
2475:Hog deer (
2333:M. reevesi
2306:M. muntjak
2136:T. kanchil
2103:M. meminna
2050:Hyemoschus
2040:Tragulidae
1997:M. cupreus
1915:G. giraffa
1861:Giraffidae
1812:Ruminantia
1237:/Muntiacus
1187:2017-12-02
1103:References
999:M. reevesi
942:polygamous
929:wild boars
897:crocodiles
822:annamensis
818:M. muntjak
802:peninsulae
535:M. muntjak
319:Zimmermann
80:newspapers
6067:Suborder
5977:Guanaco (
5949:Camelidae
5935:Suborder
5907:D. tajacu
5896:Dicotyles
5872:Catagonus
5859:T. pecari
5804:S. scrofa
5708:P. porcus
5697:Bushpig (
5565:Babyrousa
5541:Suborder
5438:C. weynsi
5429:C. spadix
5294:C. adersi
5215:O. ourebi
5149:N. batesi
5138:Neotragus
5107:M. kirkii
4909:N. granti
4874:Gerenuk (
4843:G. spekei
4807:G. dorcas
4664:Dibatag (
4451:S. caffer
4416:Pseudoryx
4403:B. taurus
4383:Banteng (
4358:B. gaurus
4287:Tamaraw (
4133:Chamois (
4115:Rupicapra
4102:P. nayaur
4078:O. vignei
4058:Mouflon (
3757:C. hircus
3746:Markhor (
3649:A. lervia
3414:Beatragus
3340:Aepyceros
3164:Gemsbok (
3157:O. dammah
2999:P. carlae
2892:M. temama
2883:M. rufina
2847:M. chunyi
2829:M. bororo
2719:Capreolus
2645:C. nippon
2636:C. hanglu
2523:Elaphurus
2468:A. kuhlii
2382:Elaphodus
2250:Muntiacus
2085:M. indica
2074:Moschiola
2006:M. fuscus
1949:Moschidae
1810:Suborder
1770:Kingdom:
1716:Baltimore
1321:Grubb, P.
1235:/accounts
1081:wild boar
1024:does not
820:), while
810:robinsoni
666:Sri Lanka
617:Indochina
531:Singapore
427:scavenges
287:Species:
280:Muntiacus
215:Kingdom:
209:Eukaryota
6470:Wikidata
6384:14200405
6332:10873273
6193:Wikidata
6039:C. ferus
5995:Vicuña (
5988:L. pacos
5986:Alpaca (
5970:L. glama
5937:Tylopoda
5447:C. zebra
5375:C. niger
4949:Procapra
4727:Eudorcas
4703:Antilope
4440:Syncerus
4401:Cattle (
4394:B. mutus
4322:B. bison
4262:B. arnee
4223:Nilgai (
4100:Bharal (
4091:Pseudois
4051:O. dalli
4033:O. aries
4024:O. ammon
4022:Argali (
3974:Muskox (
3941:Oreamnos
3919:N. goral
3802:C. walie
3686:Budorcas
3623:Caprinae
3568:Caprinae
3423:Hirola (
3367:Peleinae
3349:Impala (
3254:K. leche
3252:Lechwe (
3148:O. beisa
3124:H. niger
2785:Taruca (
2752:Rangifer
2682:A. alces
2583:Sambar (
2510:R. eldii
2490:Rucervus
2448:Chital (
2240:Cervinae
2227:Cervidae
2188:Cervidae
2116:Tragulus
1790:Eutheria
1784:Mammalia
1778:Chordata
1776:Phylum:
1772:Animalia
1628:45371297
1570:17614268
1357:62265494
1323:(2005).
1239:_muntjak
885:leopards
838:nigripes
790:montanus
786:bancanus
729:, South
722:Malaysia
648:Thailand
635:Belitung
608: :
523:Thailand
445:, short
439:predator
419:omnivore
392:Malaysia
370:) is a
342:Synonyms
269:Cervinae
259:Cervidae
255:Family:
239:Mammalia
229:Chordata
225:Phylum:
219:Animalia
205:Domain:
182:IUCN 3.1
6531:Muntjac
6498:ZooBank
6490:5787097
6371:1006332
6306:2440943
6199:Q533451
6151:Cetacea
6142:Cetacea
6010:Camelus
5968:Llama (
5848:Tayassu
5664:Porcula
5213:Oribi (
5204:Ourebia
5087:Madoqua
5072:Beira (
4993:Saigini
4900:N. dama
4778:Gazella
4627:Bovidae
4625:Family
4596:T. oryx
4516:Bongo (
4498:Nyala (
4425:Saola (
4347:Gayal (
4251:Bubalus
4166:Bovinae
4162:Bovidae
4160:Family
4076:Urial (
3766:C. ibex
3695:Takin (
3619:Bovidae
3617:Family
3580:Bovinae
3506:C. gnou
3285:Redunca
3197:Addax (
3081:Bovidae
3079:Family
2987:Pudella
2974:P. pudu
2865:M. nana
2680:Moose (
2450:A. axis
2417:D. dama
2279:M. feae
2225:Family
2200:Bovidae
2145:T. napu
1959:Moschus
1895:Giraffa
1880:Okapi (
1782:Class:
1761:species
1757:Extant
1686:Detroit
1620:5444269
1600:Bibcode
1592:Science
1550:Bibcode
1298:1231931
1263:/308397
1214:Vol. IV
1209:9th ed.
1045:removed
1030:sources
1005:Threats
960:Female
925:raptors
893:pythons
814:rubidus
794:muntjak
708:Vietnam
700:Islands
675:Sumatra
527:Myanmar
507:Sumatra
468:muntjac
447:antlers
443:canines
435:barking
431:carrion
410:on the
382:or the
321:, 1780)
275:Genus:
245:Order:
235:Class:
180: (
94:scholar
6436:149398
6423:194523
6345:625060
6293:MUNTMU
6280:308397
6236:ARKive
5555:Suidae
5156:Suni (
4889:Nanger
4374:Zebu (
4356:Gaur (
4241:Bovini
3965:Ovibos
3270:Puku (
3245:K. kob
2809:Mazama
2598:Cervus
1871:Okapia
1718:: The
1657:
1626:
1618:
1568:
1521:Morges
1355:
1345:
1307:977477
1305:
1295:
1261:/pages
1203:Burmah
901:dholes
881:tigers
826:aureus
731:Borneo
714:Island
712:Hainan
698:Lombok
519:Borneo
466:Cervus
423:shoots
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
6449:10997
6358:42190
6327:IRMNG
6319:42186
6267:44KXN
6254:30306
5543:Suina
5026:Saiga
4967:Goa (
4486:kudus
3710:Capra
3377:Pelea
3243:Kob (
3225:Kobus
3188:Addax
2671:Alces
2625:Elk (
1624:S2CID
1513:(PDF)
1331:. In
1265:/data
976:epoch
921:Foxes
759:China
657:Burma
626:India
484:Skull
388:Sunda
101:JSTOR
87:books
6485:GBIF
6410:9888
6405:NCBI
6353:IUCN
6340:ITIS
6301:GBIF
6288:EPPO
6249:BOLD
6149:see
5959:Lama
4013:Ovis
3137:Oryx
2953:Pudu
2547:Rusa
2439:Axis
2406:Dama
1692:Inc.
1655:ISBN
1616:PMID
1566:PMID
1495:2023
1462:2023
1429:2023
1386:2016
1353:OCLC
1343:ISBN
1303:PMID
1259:.org
1233:.org
1160:2023
1143:2016
1097:skin
1095:and
1093:meat
1028:any
1026:cite
927:and
915:and
742:and
710:and
696:and
694:Bali
684:Java
637:and
606:MSW3
517:and
515:Bali
511:Java
457:Name
372:deer
360:The
73:news
6444:TSA
6392:NBN
6379:MSW
6366:MDD
6275:EoL
6262:CoL
6223:ADW
5721:Sus
4311:Bos
1608:doi
1596:168
1558:doi
1546:110
1390:doi
1293:PMC
1289:122
1257:eol
1218:552
1205:",
1147:doi
1039:by
989:of
865:rut
844:).
576:in
429:on
56:by
6522::
6500::
6487::
6472::
6446::
6433::
6420::
6407::
6394::
6381::
6368::
6355::
6342::
6329::
6316::
6303::
6290::
6277::
6264::
6251::
6238::
6225::
6210::
6195::
1688::
1649::
1622:.
1614:.
1606:.
1594:.
1578:^
1564:.
1556:.
1544:.
1519:.
1486:.
1482:.
1453:.
1449:.
1420:.
1416:.
1384:.
1378:.
1351:.
1301:.
1287:.
1281:.
1248:^
1180:.
1141:.
1135:.
1111:^
923:,
919:.
911:,
907:,
903:,
899:,
895:,
891:,
887:,
883:,
836:,
832:,
828:,
824:,
812:,
808:,
804:,
800:,
796:,
792:,
788:,
738:,
720:,
692:,
646:,
633:,
615:,
513:,
509:,
505:,
472:.
414:.
6128:)
6104:)
6041:)
6032:)
6023:)
5999:)
5990:)
5981:)
5972:)
5909:)
5885:)
5861:)
5824:)
5815:)
5806:)
5797:)
5788:)
5779:)
5770:)
5761:)
5752:)
5743:)
5734:)
5710:)
5701:)
5677:)
5653:)
5644:)
5620:)
5596:)
5587:)
5578:)
5515:)
5491:)
5482:)
5473:)
5449:)
5440:)
5431:)
5422:)
5413:)
5404:)
5395:)
5386:)
5377:)
5368:)
5359:)
5350:)
5341:)
5332:)
5323:)
5314:)
5305:)
5296:)
5259:)
5250:)
5241:)
5217:)
5193:)
5169:)
5160:)
5151:)
5127:)
5118:)
5109:)
5100:)
5076:)
5039:)
5015:)
4980:)
4971:)
4962:)
4938:)
4929:)
4920:)
4911:)
4902:)
4878:)
4854:)
4845:)
4836:)
4827:)
4818:)
4809:)
4800:)
4791:)
4767:)
4758:)
4749:)
4740:)
4716:)
4692:)
4668:)
4633:)
4598:)
4589:)
4565:)
4556:)
4547:)
4538:)
4529:)
4520:)
4511:)
4502:)
4488:)
4453:)
4429:)
4405:)
4396:)
4387:)
4378:)
4369:)
4360:)
4351:)
4342:)
4333:)
4324:)
4300:)
4291:)
4282:)
4273:)
4264:)
4227:)
4203:)
4168:)
4137:)
4128:)
4104:)
4080:)
4071:)
4062:)
4053:)
4044:)
4035:)
4026:)
4002:)
3978:)
3954:)
3930:)
3921:)
3912:)
3903:)
3879:)
3855:)
3846:)
3837:)
3828:)
3804:)
3795:)
3786:)
3777:)
3768:)
3759:)
3750:)
3741:)
3732:)
3723:)
3699:)
3675:)
3651:)
3625:)
3554:)
3517:)
3508:)
3484:)
3460:)
3451:)
3427:)
3390:)
3353:)
3316:)
3307:)
3298:)
3274:)
3265:)
3256:)
3247:)
3238:)
3201:)
3177:)
3168:)
3159:)
3150:)
3126:)
3117:)
3052:)
3043:)
3034:)
3010:)
3001:)
2990:?
2976:)
2968:?
2966:)
2942:)
2918:)
2894:)
2885:)
2876:)
2867:)
2858:)
2849:)
2840:)
2831:)
2822:)
2798:)
2789:)
2765:)
2741:)
2732:)
2708:)
2684:)
2647:)
2638:)
2629:)
2620:)
2611:)
2587:)
2578:)
2569:)
2560:)
2536:)
2512:)
2503:)
2479:)
2470:)
2461:)
2452:)
2428:)
2419:)
2395:)
2371:)
2362:)
2353:)
2344:)
2335:)
2326:)
2317:)
2308:)
2299:)
2290:)
2281:)
2272:)
2263:)
2174:)
2165:)
2156:)
2147:)
2138:)
2129:)
2105:)
2096:)
2087:)
2063:)
2026:)
2017:)
2008:)
1999:)
1990:)
1981:)
1972:)
1935:)
1926:)
1917:)
1908:)
1884:)
1847:)
1750:e
1743:t
1736:v
1722:.
1705:.
1663:.
1630:.
1610::
1602::
1572:.
1560::
1552::
1497:.
1476:"
1464:.
1443:"
1431:.
1410:"
1398:.
1392::
1376:"
1372:"
1359:.
1329:"
1325:"
1309:.
1241:/
1201:"
1190:.
1178:"
1174:"
1162:.
1149::
1133:"
1129:"
1066:)
1060:(
1055:)
1051:(
1047:.
1033:.
997:(
533:.
398:(
364:(
317:(
184:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
