685:
106:
588:
738:
531:
945:
342:
303:
20:
823:
248:
411:
179:
919:
447:
58:
364:, it was remodeled in the 16th century, in line with the economic incentives granted by the Crown. The Herrerian features are present externally, especially in its main façade and in its tower, crowned by the characteristic spire. Its interior, however, maintains the original Gothic style. It is worth mentioning its ribbed vault.
442:
In San
Lorenzo de El Escorial, bordering the Lonja del Monasterio, are located the First and Second Casa de Oficios and the Casa de la Compaña, intended to house the various workers and service personnel of the Royal Monastery. The first two were designed by Juan de Herrera and the third by Francisco
426:
gathers a palace and a convent also ascribed to this style, in addition to a
Renaissance garden that integrates four ponds, fed by the Aulencia river. It is located on a 148-hectare (370-acre) estate, which is in private hands. It is one of the most significant Herrerian monuments in the Community of
216:, a town on which a second, more direct road was built, starting from Torrelodones. Various engineering works, such as the construction of bridges and the improvement of the roadway, carried out shortly before the completion of the monastery, were sufficient for the monarch to opt for this new route.
243:
in the second half of the 16th century, left its mark on notable buildings of the Royal Site, as well as on its urban layout, in addition to some buildings in the towns that today form part of the tourist itinerary. These towns add buildings from before and after the 16th century, which complete the
192:
The remaining municipalities, for the most part, have also been historically related to the Royal
Monastery, either because they housed workers employed in its construction, or because they supplied the Court installed there, or because they gave religious coverage to those who came to the monastery
200:
In other towns included in the itinerary, there have not been such direct links with the
Monastery, apart from its geographical proximity. Their presence in the Imperial Route aims to promote the development of a tourist industry, taking advantage of the fame achieved by the Royal Site. This is the
96:
This monumental complex is complemented by the tourist offer offered by different municipalities near the
Monastery, belonging both to the region of the Sierra Oeste de Madrid and to that of the Guadarrama basin. In them, there is a modest but relevant artistic heritage and the existence of natural
406:
The need for lodging became evident while the Royal
Monastery was being built. In this regard, the monastery of Prestado, located in El Escorial, stands out, although the building is much older than the 16th century. It was reconverted to adapt it as a place of residence for Philip II, who lived
474:. Despite the passage of time, Villanueva was faithful to the style that presides over the entire complex. This architect was also responsible for the urban reorganization of the hamlet that arose behind the Lonja and, in its network of squares and streets, he maintained the Herrerian imprint.
403:, in his travels from Madrid to San Lorenzo de El Escorial, by the Camino Real de Valladolid. In this village we also find the Fountain of El Caño (16th century), a work of monumental nature that the neighbors financed to make the Court's stay more pleasant. The Herrerian influence is notable.
486:. This work was decisive, as it opened a more direct route than the Camino Real de Valladolid, through the aforementioned town. The bridge has the famous Escorial-style grill on both sides, which links it directly to the monastery. It has a single semicircular arch, topped at each end by
650:, the most populated town on this tourist itinerary, with around 60,000 inhabitants, also preserves other reminders of its rural past. The Piedra del Concejo, used since the 17th century as a meeting place for town councillors, is located in the main square of the old town.
554:, stands out, perhaps the oldest human footprint of the Imperial Route. According to tradition, it was ordered to be carved on a natural rock by the monarch, who used it as an observatory of the works of the monastery. However, recent research suggests that it may be a
477:
During the construction of the Royal
Foundation, important engineering works were also undertaken on different roads. This is the case of the New Bridge, ordered to be erected by the monarch in 1583, a year before the completion of the monastery. It is located over the
730:, an inn and a 150 m (490 ft) high cross, which crowns the Risco de la Nava (1,390 m; 4,560 ft). The base of the cross is guarded by four large sculptures (approximately 18 m; 59 ft), representing the evangelists, the work of
398:
Torrelodones also echoed the architectural trends of Juan de
Herrera, who signed his last work during his lifetime in this town. This is the Real Aposento de Torrelodones, of which only the foundations are preserved. It was built to facilitate the rest of
333:
elements (such as its sacristy). The reform promoted at the end of the 16th century and culminated in 1601 gave it a unitary aspect, clearly
Herrerian. It was carried out by Bartolomé Elorriaga, a disciple of Juan de Herrera, who used
926:
La Herrería, on the other hand, has a great historical importance, since, in the 16th century, it was part of the so-called Fence of Philip II, which delimited different estates used for the leisure and recreation of the monarch. The
298:
Within the route, the
Herrerian churches found here present a sober and imposing appearance, completely disproportionate to the size of the small towns where they are located, as is the case with the monastery of El Escorial itself.
726:, the most important 20th-century construction on the itinerary. This funerary monument, erected between 1940 and 1958, is located in the area known as Cuelgamuros. It consists of a basilica, carved into the stone, an
175:(through the place known as La Venta) and Guadarrama, which, from the 16th century, saw an important hotel business flourish, aimed at travelers seeking rest on their journeys to San Lorenzo de El Escorial.
994:— forms the most important wetland of the Imperial Route and one of the most significant in the region, the Valmayor reservoir. This reservoir is included in the Regional Park of the middle course of the
510:
buildings that appear on the Imperial Route, there are several constructions of different centuries and styles. The architectural currents best represented are late Gothic, present in the main church of
223:
that crowns its tower. The ruins of the Casa Veleta, built by the king as a resting place, offer another example of the importance achieved by this municipality during the works of the Monastery.
757:. This building, which presents certain modernist touches, was conceived as a house museum. Different architectural elements from various Spanish monuments are integrated into its structure.
983:
The mountains of San Benito (1,626 m; 5,335 ft), La Almenara (1,259 m; 4,131 ft) and Almojón (1,178 m; 3,865 ft) are other natural attractions in this area.
379:, a disciple of Juan de Herrera, who carried out the work in record time. It took only two years (1594–1595) to inaugurate this church of a single nave, crowned by a barrel vault, with
85:, where there are buildings, engineering works and gardens of great historical and artistic value. In the former, in addition to the Royal Monastery, the Casas de Oficios and the
788:. It partially crosses two Regional Parks, a Natural Monument and a Paraje Pintoresco, as well as other areas, not legally protected, of great scenic and environmental value.
470:
enclosed the perimeter of the Lonja with the Third Casa de Oficios and the Casas de Infantes, the latter of which served as the dwelling of the First Secretary of State, the
580:, houses a small church dating from the late 12th or early 13th century, which is in a ruinous state. It belongs to the group of fortified repopulation churches of the
407:
there intermittently during the 21 years that the works lasted. It is an old mountain mansion, which, in its renovation, incorporated certain Herrerian elements.
360:, also stands out for its proportions. It was built in late Gothic style, as a fortified temple, as can still be seen in its thick buttresses. Like the church of
120:
The Imperial Route runs through nine villages in Madrid, along two distinct routes and a central core. The first section, the first leg, starts from the city of
283:
with a pointed top, is present in the towers of the main churches of different localities in Guadarrama. Outside the tourist itinerary, we can mention those of
219:
Galapagar's connection with the Royal Foundation can be seen in the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, which has touches of the Escorial style in the
193:
works, through their churches. The result of this historical link is the existence, beyond San Lorenzo de El Escorial, of several buildings constructed by
1412:
632:, from the 16th century, which has a single nave and a choir supported by 17th-century columns, and also of the church of El Enebral (17th century), of
264:, continued, after his death, by Juan de Herrera. This is not the only Herrera construction to be found on the Imperial Route and in other areas of the
628:
touches combined with regional elements, characteristic of the rural architecture of Guadarrama. This is the case with the church of San Bartolomé, in
636:, decorated externally with stone balls, a very frequent ornamental resource in the constructions of the mountain chain. In its interior there is a
605:
This village is home to the best example of late Gothic architecture on the Imperial Route. It is the church of the Asunción de Nuestra Señora (the
677:. They were erected as recreational pavilions for royalty. The gardens laid out around the latter palace are among the most important of Madrid's
1215:
602:, probably dates from the 14th century. Little is known about its origin, although it is assumed that it was used to watch over pasture lands.
212:
visited on his travels are not included in the Imperial Route, as they are located outside the current route of the main roads. This includes
272:, aimed at remodeling buildings. The measure was intended to avoid depopulation and, at the same time, to promote a certain aesthetic unity.
773:
546:, practically lacks relevant monuments prior to the 15th century, when the Gothic, in its later version, penetrated the Madrid side of the
471:
1287:
1029:
423:
415:
1361:
684:
371:(16th century) is another notable example of Herrerian architecture. Unlike the two previous temples, it was erected entirely in this
804:
519:, which is concentrated mainly in the Royal Site. In addition, there are two 20th-century monuments without a defined style: the
1463:
703:
also has several 18th-century buildings. Of note are the church of San Miguel Arcángel, the Fuente de Piedra, begun in 1785 in
1034:
368:
837:
is within the Regional Park of the middle course of the Guadarrama River and its surroundings, although it is far from the
1019:
670:
90:
609:), the construction of which began in the 15th century. The church, which has a fortified appearance, houses a segmented
317:, is one of the largest. Built in the 8th century as a mosque, it was transformed in later centuries. It still preserves
1447:
1398:
1345:
1175:
1150:
1090:
565:, of Muslim origin, is the next oldest building. It is located on top of a hill and is visible from the A-6 highway (
239:, which takes its name from Juan de Herrera, architect of the monastery of El Escorial. This work, promoted by King
1441:
1191:
260:
The Royal Monastery was completed on September 13, 1584, after 21 years of work, based on an initial project by
105:
941:. Nearby is the mountain of Las Machotas, which closes the southern end of the so-called Circo de El Escorial.
784:
The Imperial Route crosses different natural spaces, which have received different levels of protection by the
1416:
1473:
1468:
808:
887:), we find the Paraje Pintoresco del Pinar de Abantos y Zona de La Herrería. On the southwestern slope of
326:
968:) encounters three rivers of scenic and environmental interest. Through the first municipality flow the
1340:(in Spanish). San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid), Spain: Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial.
1056:
880:
776:(INTA), in operation since 1967. Some of its antennae reach up to 70 m (230 ft) in diameter.
723:
693:
666:
618:
562:
551:
535:
392:
137:
78:
654:
491:
872:, where this author was inspired, have been engraved on this rock, which appears to the east of the
1061:
957:
761:
750:
629:
524:
202:
149:
637:
428:
322:
268:. This style quickly spread throughout the region, thanks to the benefits granted by the Spanish
261:
1122:(in Spanish). Santillana del Mar (Cantabria), Spain: Revista del Centro de Estudios Montañeses.
1413:"Visita a los pantanos de Valmayor y Los Arroyos, refugio invernal de numerosas aves acuáticas"
753:, which presides over a mountain over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high in the municipality of
644:, it is worth mentioning the church of the Asunción de Nuestra Señora, from the 16th century.
251:
Royal Library of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, one of the most important places in the Monastery
1291:
1448:
Information about the villages of the northwestern mountain chain of the Community of Madrid
587:
1365:
1044:
892:
869:
719:
708:
704:
689:
581:
547:
520:
487:
388:
265:
39:
573:). It was built in the 9th century as a tower to watch for possible Christian incursions.
8:
912:
891:(1,753 m; 5,751 ft) stands the Royal Monastery and in its northern part is the
785:
674:
577:
375:
style, without taking advantage of the remains of previous constructions. Its author was
357:
141:
82:
70:
69:
The Imperial Route has as its central core this monument, which, in 1984, was declared a
35:
24:
1216:"La Granjilla de La Fresneda, en El Escorial: de Felipe II a la familia Aguirre Borrell"
1264:
1024:
995:
991:
953:
765:
742:
712:
662:
658:
606:
599:
592:
512:
479:
467:
451:
400:
384:
240:
209:
164:
145:
109:
86:
47:
1341:
1318:
1245:
1171:
1146:
1123:
1086:
614:
543:
376:
737:
731:
807:, which partially includes the first two municipalities. These are bordered by the
796:
647:
633:
172:
167:, which partially coincided with the old Camino Real de Valladolid. Among them are
129:
1386:
1007:
973:
873:
507:
380:
232:
194:
182:
610:
838:
530:
1457:
1322:
1249:
1127:
969:
961:
888:
826:
678:
516:
432:
353:
346:
153:
1244:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spanish: Anales del Instituto de Estudios Madrileños.
1105:
77:, along with the entire Royal Site. This extends over the municipalities of
34:
is the tourist itinerary promoted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of
987:
965:
904:
834:
812:
792:
754:
641:
498:, built by the school of Juan de Herrera or, probably, by Herrera himself.
410:
361:
314:
307:
168:
157:
125:
976:, the latter river also passing through Navalagamella. Both flow into the
922:
Las Machotas close the so-called Circo de El Escorial at its southern end.
1039:
884:
625:
455:
372:
295:, which also shows traces of the Escorial style throughout its exterior.
292:
269:
236:
186:
144:, which form the main focus. The third stretch, the return, runs through
113:
62:
43:
1265:"La Silla de Felipe II pudo ser un altar íbero para sacrificios humanos"
944:
846:
570:
341:
853:
800:
700:
302:
288:
133:
822:
1362:"Historia de Guadarrama, en la web oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid"
861:
857:
483:
459:
284:
247:
213:
19:
849:
highway), along which the Imperial Route runs in its first section.
734:. It is one of the most visited destinations on the Imperial Route.
542:
The area, which suffered a strong degree of depopulation during the
275:
One of the most characteristic features of the Herrerian style, the
977:
935:
groves make up the vegetation of this place, mainly in the form of
932:
908:
617:
and an altarpiece by Antonio Rincón, painter to the chamber of the
555:
427:
Madrid and, at the same time, the most unknown. It was designed by
318:
550:. Among the pre-medieval constructions, the Seat of Philip II, in
178:
335:
330:
624:
In the parish churches after the 15th century, there are slight
395:, where the aforementioned monument is located, was segregated.
163:
Only some of these towns were part of the itinerary followed by
937:
918:
842:
591:
Night view of the church of the Asunción de Nuestra Señora, in
566:
495:
446:
436:
121:
74:
51:
1170:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Diputación Provincial de Madrid.
576:
The abandoned village of Navalquejigo, in the municipality of
727:
696:, is one of the most visited monuments of the Imperial Route.
280:
276:
220:
1315:
Apuntes para una historia de la Villa de Robledo de Chavela
896:
816:
769:
57:
42:. It partially follows the historical road that led to the
1335:
1143:
Valdemorillo, historia y presente: un libro para un pueblo
911:, as well as two species of butterflies, protected in the
928:
900:
387:
to build the Royal Monastery and from which, in times of
383:. It is located in El Escorial, whose term was chosen by
231:
The Imperial Route is defined, in the artistic field, by
1415:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Madridiario. Archived from
852:
The Peñas del Arcipreste Natural Monument is located in
811:, one of the sites of this protected area, populated by
707:
style, and the Puente del Rosario, built in the time of
1117:
197:, the architect of the Monastery, or by his disciples.
23:
Municipalities integrated in the Imperial Route of the
482:, near Torrelodones, although in the municipality of
1317:(in Spanish). Cuadernos de investigación histórica.
1085:(in Spanish). Madrid: España: Donate de la Cuesta.
1080:
89:(or "de Arriba") stand out, and in the latter, the
38:, which runs through several municipalities in the
1312:
952:The third and last section of the Imperial Route (
803:), it runs through one of the western ends of the
97:areas of great scenic and environmental interest.
1455:
1165:
653:The 18th century left two important examples of
356:, declared an Asset of Cultural Interest by the
352:The church of Nuestra Señora de la Estrella, in
313:The church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, in
422:Without leaving this municipality, the site of
112:promoted different works in the towns near the
1118:Aramburu-Zabala Higuera, Miguel Ángel (1996).
1081:Donate de la Cuesta, Francisco Javier (1997).
1290:. Asociación de Vecinos Alana. Archived from
1239:
745:, one of the tourist attractions of the Route
321:remains on its north façade, as well as some
61:The Imperial Route is articulated around the
1336:Anes Álvarez de Castrillón, Gonzalo (1998).
1267:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Diario El Mundo
1168:Escudo, geografía e historia de Torrelodones
345:Church of Nuestra Señora de la Estrella, in
306:Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, in
1410:
774:National Institute for Aerospace Technology
1030:La Granjilla de La Fresneda de El Escorial
598:The Torreón de Fuentelámparas, located in
1442:Imperial Route of the Community of Madrid
1262:
1145:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Este Oeste.
749:Another 20th-century construction is the
416:La Granjilla de La Fresneda (El Escorial)
32:Imperial Route of the Community of Madrid
1014:San Lorenzo de El Escorial y El Escorial
943:
917:
821:
805:Cuenca Alta del Manzanares Regional Park
736:
683:
586:
529:
445:
409:
340:
301:
246:
177:
160:, from where it returns to the capital.
104:
56:
18:
1456:
1387:Trekking route to Peñas del Arcipreste
1285:
1083:"Yo, el rey" y la Villa de El Escorial
948:Partial view of the Valmayor reservoir
868:, so called in direct allusion to the
255:
244:artistic offer of the Imperial Route.
1313:De Andrés Martínez, Gregorio (1995).
1140:
879:In the central nucleus of the Route (
1338:Lo rural en la Castilla de Felipe II
1242:Puente Nuevo sobre el río Guadarrama
226:
990:, the Aulencia —a tributary of the
907:forests are home to populations of
779:
46:, used in the 16th century by King
13:
764:, although in the municipality of
490:on each side, which resembles the
431:, following the model used in the
16:Spanish regional tourist itinerary
14:
1485:
1435:
1240:Miguel Cuesta, Anastasio (1988).
136:. From here, access is gained to
829:, from the Los Arroyos reservoir
718:The Imperial Route includes the
50:in his travels from the city of
1404:
1392:
1380:
1354:
1329:
1306:
1279:
1166:De Vicente Muñoz, José (1980).
856:. Several phrases dedicated to
501:
443:de Mora between 1587 and 1596.
329:(such as its ribbed vault) and
1256:
1233:
1208:
1184:
1159:
1134:
1111:
1099:
1074:
391:, the current municipality of
235:, a style that emerged in the
100:
63:Royal Monastery of El Escorial
1:
1464:Tourist attractions in Madrid
1067:
538:was built in the 9th century.
1399:Trekking around Las Machotas
1364:(in Spanish). Archived from
1263:G. Balbas, Graciela (1999).
809:Sierra de Hoyo de Manzanares
454:, opened a new route to the
208:Conversely, some towns that
7:
1001:
424:La Granjilla de La Fresneda
10:
1490:
1192:"Granjilla de la Fresneda"
1057:Watchtower of Torrelodones
881:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
724:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
694:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
667:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
613:, a carving attributed to
552:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
393:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
138:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
79:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
1141:Varea, Bonifacio (1991).
1106:Biography of Juan Herrera
655:neoclassical architecture
450:The New Bridge, over the
287:, initially built in the
1062:Palace of Canto del Pico
958:Fresnedillas de la Oliva
762:Fresnedillas de la Oliva
751:Palace of Canto del Pico
630:Fresnedillas de la Oliva
525:palace of Canto del Pico
456:monastery of El Escorial
418:, in a drawing from 1862
203:Fresnedillas de la Oliva
150:Fresnedillas de la Oliva
114:monastery of El Escorial
44:Monastery of El Escorial
1286:Martín, Daniel (2006).
1120:Arquitectura herreriana
864:, author of the famous
772:Aerospace Base and the
563:Torrelodones watchtower
536:Torrelodones watchtower
429:Juan Bautista de Toledo
262:Juan Bautista de Toledo
998:and its surroundings.
949:
923:
830:
791:In its first section (
746:
741:The Aerospace Base of
697:
595:
539:
472:Count of Floridablanca
463:
419:
349:
310:
252:
189:
117:
66:
27:
1035:Church of San Bernabé
947:
921:
833:In addition, part of
825:
740:
722:, in the vicinity of
687:
661:, author of both the
590:
533:
466:Two centuries later,
449:
413:
369:church of San Bernabé
344:
305:
250:
181:
108:
60:
22:
1411:Madridiario (2007).
1045:Valley of the Fallen
893:Valley of the Fallen
874:Puerto de los Leones
870:Sierra de Guadarrama
720:Valley of the Fallen
690:Valley of the Fallen
582:Sierra de Guadarrama
548:Sierra de Guadarrama
521:Valley of the Fallen
266:Sierra de Guadarrama
233:Herrera architecture
40:Sierra de Guadarrama
1474:Community of Madrid
1469:Transport in Madrid
1419:on 27 December 2012
1020:Casita del Príncipe
913:Community of Madrid
786:Community of Madrid
671:Casita del Príncipe
665:(or de Arriba), in
506:In addition to the
358:Community of Madrid
256:The Herrerian style
185:, architect of the
91:Casita del Príncipe
71:World Heritage Site
54:to the Royal Site.
36:this Spanish region
25:Community of Madrid
1025:Casita del Infante
986:Further south, in
954:Robledo de Chavela
950:
924:
862:Archpriest of Hita
831:
766:Robledo de Chavela
747:
743:Robledo de Chavela
698:
673:(or de Abajo), in
663:Casita del Infante
659:Juan de Villanueva
657:. Both are due to
600:Robledo de Chavela
596:
593:Robledo de Chavela
540:
513:Robledo de Chavela
468:Juan de Villanueva
464:
420:
350:
311:
253:
190:
146:Robledo de Chavela
118:
87:Casita del Infante
67:
28:
1368:on 9 January 2009
1294:on 5 October 2010
1220:Aqui en la Sierra
619:Catholic Monarchs
615:Alonso Berruguete
544:Early Middle Ages
492:bridge of Segovia
381:transverse arches
377:Francisco de Mora
227:Artistic heritage
93:(or "de Abajo").
1481:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1078:
996:Guadarrama river
797:Collado Villalba
780:Natural heritage
713:Guadarrama River
648:Collado Villalba
634:Collado Villalba
480:Guadarrama River
452:Guadarrama River
173:Collado Villalba
130:Collado Villalba
1489:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1454:
1453:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1409:
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1458:Categories
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