461:
414:
333:
773:
have proposed other interpretations, the House has decided that any complaint filed fulfills the quota regardless of how well-formed it is or who filed it. Therefore, supporters of a vulnerable official can file a weak, flawed, or unconstitutional complaint, thereby using up the quota and protecting that official from impeachment for that year.
674:
days thereafter. The
Committee, after hearing, and by a majority vote of all its Members, shall submit its report to the House within sixty session days from such referral, together with the corresponding resolution. The resolution shall be calendared for consideration by the House within ten session days from receipt thereof.
772:
The 1987 (current) constitution limits the number of impeachment complaints that can be filed against an official to one per year. There has been controversy over what counts as an impeachment complaint. While some argued that for a complaint to count against the limit it must be voted on, and others
688:
The Senate shall have the sole power to try and decide all cases of impeachment. When sitting for that purpose, the
Senators shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Philippines is on trial, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside, but shall not vote. No person shall be
673:
A verified complaint for impeachment may be filed by any Member of the House of
Representatives or by any citizen upon a resolution or endorsement by any Member thereof, which shall be included in the Order of Business within ten session days, and referred to the proper Committee within three session
557:
Other officials can be removed from offices but not by impeachment: those under the executive department may be dismissed by the president; members of
Congress can be expelled by two-thirds vote of the chamber the member is a part of; local elected officials can be removed from office through recall.
42:
Impeachment followed by conviction is often the only way to forcibly remove a sitting official. While "impeachment" is often used to refer to the entire process of removing an official from office, it only formally refers to the indictment stage in the House of
Representatives, not the trial stage in
286:
was charged in 2020, of a impeachment complaint filed by Edwin
Cordevilla, the secretary-general of the Filipino League of Advocates for Good Government, in relations to the alleged failure to file his Statement of Assets and Liabilities (SALN) and supposed delays in resolution of cases, including
624:
Any violation of the
Republic Act No. 3019, or the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act is an impeachable offense, on which a public official found to have acquired, whether in his name or in the name of other persons, an amount of property and/or money manifestly out of proportion to his salary.
75:
was accused of illegally importing rice to build public support in an election, illegally dismissing officials, using the military to intimidate the political opposition, and ordering the deportation of an
American businessman who was in the custody of Congress in violation of the separation of
262:
had filed a resignation on
October 11, 2017, but with effectivity date on December 31, 2017. But due to not stating immediate effectivity of the resignation, on the same day, the House of Representatives still voted to impeach the poll chief with 137 votes (more than 1/3 votes) from the House,
106:
was accused of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the
Constitution during the impeachment of 2000, to determine the accusations, the House of Representatives choose 11 members to act as prosecutors with the Senate as the impeachment court and the
578:
For purposes of impeachment, "culpable violation of the Constitution" is defined as "the deliberate and wrongful breach of the Constitution." Further, "Violation of the Constitution made unintentionally, in good faith, and mere mistakes in the proper construction of the Constitution, do not
611:
Direct bribery is "committed by any public officer who shall agree to perform an act constituting a crime, in connection with the performance of this official duties, in consideration of any offer, promise, gift or present received by such officer, personally or through the mediation of
657:," saying that it is "a non-justiciable political question which is beyond the scope of its judicial power." However, the Court refuses to name which agency can define it; the Court impliedly gives the power to the House of Representatives, which initiates all cases of impeachment.
692:
Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold any office under the Republic of the Philippines, but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to prosecution, trial, and punishment, according to
569:
The Constitution limits the offenses to the following: culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust. In the 1935 and 1973 constitution, betrayal of public trust was not an impeachable offense.
492:
To date, Corona's removal as Chief Justice and disqualification from public office is the only completion of the impeachment process. Estrada's impeachment trial ended prematurely, while Gutierrez and Bautista resigned before the Senate convened as an impeachment court.
201:
was accused of graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution. She allegedly showed bias for the multi-billion-peso voters registration and information system (VRIS) project, deciding to undertake it despite the lack of funds.
47:, an official can be impeached if one third of the House of Representatives votes in favor. Since it takes only a simple majority to set the agenda or to adjourn the House, it can be difficult for a minority of one third to bring a vote and impeach an official.
633:
Betrayal of public interest, inexcusable negligence of duty, tyrannical abuse of power, breach of official duty by malfeasance or misfeasance, cronyism favoritism, etc. to the prejudice of public interest and which tend to bring the office into disrepute.
134:
but was aborted on January 16, 2001, after the House private prosecutors walked out from the impeachment proceedings, to protest against the perceived dictatorial tendency of the eleven senator-judges, who supported President Estrada. The walkout led to
677:
A vote of at least one-third of all the Members of the House shall be necessary either to affirm a favorable resolution with the Articles of Impeachment of the Committee, or override its contrary resolution. The vote of each Member shall be recorded.
681:
In case the verified complaint or resolution of impeachment is filed by at least one-third of all the Members of the House, the same shall constitute the Articles of Impeachment, and trial by the Senate shall forthwith proceed.
731:
If the vote passes, the complaint will become the "Articles of Impeachment" and the House will appoint prosecutors who may or may not be members of the House, they will be headed by the Chairman of House Committee on
263:
overturning a justice committee resolution that earlier dismissed the complaint against him. Bautista eventually made his resignation effective later in the month, before the Senate convened as an impeachment court.
776:
There has also been debate about whether a year should be a calendar year, say 2006, or a full 12-month period. An example of how this limit works in practice are the attempts to impeach President
348:
274:
which also ruled that the Chief Justice post vacant; the petition alleged Sereno's appointment was void ab initio due to her failure in complying with the Judicial and Bar Council requirements.
161:
was charged in 2014, of 4 impeachment complaints, in relations to the Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP) which was declared by the Supreme Court as Unconstitutional and the
764:
In the 1935 constitution, a two-thirds vote was needed to impeach an official by the House of Representatives, while a three-fourths vote in the Senate was required to convict.
64:
was accused in 1949 of using government fund to renovate Malacañang Palace, using government funds to purchase furniture for the Presidential Palace and linking him to alleged
595:
is defined as "Any Filipino citizen who levies war against the Philippines or adheres to his/her enemies, giving them aid or comfort within the Philippines or elsewhere."
239:
280:
561:
In the 1935 and 1973 constitutions, the President, the Vice President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, and the Auditor General were the impeachable officials.
486:
House of Representatives approved the Articles of Impeachment by the vote of 137–75 with 2 abstentions. Resigned on October 23, 2017, before trial by the Senate.
227:'s administration. The first impeachment complaint against Gutierrez was filed in 2009, but was dismissed later in that year in a House dominated by Arroyo's
793:
423:
287:
the ones pending before the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, but the House Justice Committee rejects the complaint due to insufficiency in form.
246:
88:
was accused by 56 lawmakers on 1985 of graft, economic plunder, unexplained wealth, granting monopolies to cronies, and other crimes. the following day the
642:
Offenses which like treason and bribery, are so serious and enormous a nature as to strike at the very life or the orderly workings of the government
146:
was accused in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 impeachment complaints for different imputations, specially attempting lying, cheating and stealing during
99:
was accused by lawmakers in 1988 of graft and violating the Constitution. The charges were rejected the following month due to lack of evidence.
784:, the two procedures differ in two significant ways: the percentage needed to impeach and the numerical limit on impeachment procedures.
394:
296:
235:
169:
28:
382:
223:
was impeached on March 22, 2011, on charges of the office's underperformance and failure to act on several cases during then-President
165:(EDCA) between the Philippines and United States, but the House Justice Committee rejected the complaints due to lack of substance.
907:
537:
162:
892:
588:
532:
471:
255:
195:
147:
912:
735:
If the vote fails in any part of the procedure, the official accused can't be filed for impeachment for one calendar year.
398:
192:
was criticized by some for not aggressively investigating and prosecuting cases of corruption. The impeachment failed.
542:
514:
781:
685:
No impeachment proceedings shall be initiated against the same official more than once within a period of one year
650:
520:
357:
277:
271:
243:
92:
committee dismissed the complaints after roughly five hours of discussions for continuing unsupported conclusions.
666:
502:
44:
615:
Indirect bribery is "committed by a public officer when he accept gifts offered to him by reason of his office."
887:
216:
was accused of ZTE national broadband network (NBN) deal and Hello Garci controversy but resigned eventually.
551:
509:
441:
376:
342:
270:
was terminated after she was removed on May 11, 2018, via quo warranto by a special en banc session of the
209:
was accused of culpable violation of the Constitution, betrayal of the public trust and other high crimes.
20:
724:
The House Committee will refer it to House Plenary that will be voted upon with at least one-third votes
389:
445:
116:
89:
32:
812:
154:
However all impeachment cases failed due to absence of one third vote from the members of Congress.
742:
The Senate will then try to convict the impeached official. Conviction requires a two-thirds vote.
68:
smuggling. A Congressional committee rejected this complaint for lack of factual and legal basis.
777:
224:
143:
112:
882:
477:
351:
136:
698:
Any citizen with an endorsement of a member of the House of Representative may file charges.
876:
371:
267:
220:
198:
23:
to formally charge a serving government official with an impeachable offense. After being
8:
206:
131:
665:
The Impeachment proceedings shall proceed in accordance to Article XI, Section 3 of the
465:
259:
189:
158:
72:
151:
127:
120:
85:
413:
689:
convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate
460:
428:
228:
213:
173:
61:
397:
approved the Articles of Impeachement by the vote of 241–47 with 4 abstentions,
385:
337:
103:
96:
901:
653:
purposely refused to define the meaning of "other high crimes or betrayal of
418:
283:
249:
701:
The House Committee on Justice will decide by majority vote if the complaint
654:
436:
177:
108:
76:
governmental powers. A Congressional committee dismissed all the charges.
481:
24:
432:
832:
The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines: A Commentary
792:
If the President of the Philippines is on trial, such as in 2001, the
332:
130:
started on December 7, 2000, which was presided by then-Chief Justice
758:
Removal from office and prohibition to hold any governmental office
752:
604:
592:
65:
36:
893:
Judging the Chief Justice: A Recapitulation by The CenSEI Report
745:
If convicted, there are two punishments the Senate can mete out:
356:
Trial aborted on January 17, 2001; declared as resigned by the
35:. If convicted, the official is either removed from office or
107:
senators as judges. On November 13, 2000, then-House Speaker
780:. While the Philippine impeachment procedures parallel the
573:
505:
The following officials may be subjected to impeachment:
794:
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
883:
Rules of Procedure in Impeachment Proceedings (pdf)
899:
846:Record of the Constitutional Commission of 1986,
813:"Filed: First valid impeach complaint vs Aquino"
234:In December 2011, 188 of the 285 members of the
401:on April 29, 2011, before trial by the Senate.
295:These are the people who were impeached by the
290:
183:
79:
628:
647:Francisco Jr. vs. House of Representatives
525:Members of the Constitutional Commissions:
660:
496:
266:Impeachment proceeding of Chief Justice
619:
564:
381:31 civil society leaders led by former
172:have been filed against both President
139:and the downfall of President Estrada.
900:
829:
574:Culpable violation of the constitution
501:Based on Article XI, Section 2 of the
448:on May 29, 2012, by the vote of 20–3.
163:Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement
805:
782:United States' impeachment procedures
360:and left office on January 20, 2001.
877:Constitutional Basis and Annotations
858:
637:
579:constitute an impeachable offense."
31:, the official is then tried in the
13:
424:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
14:
924:
870:
515:Vice President of the Philippines
55:
717:probable cause in the complaint.
521:Supreme Court of the Philippines
459:
429:Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel
412:
331:
888:Archives for Arroyo Impeachment
667:Constitution of the Philippines
603:The Revised Penal Code defines
908:Impeachment in the Philippines
852:
838:
823:
238:voted to transmit the 56-page
43:the Senate. Under the current
17:Impeachment in the Philippines
1:
799:
458:
411:
370:
330:
150:against opposition candidate
19:is an expressed power of the
796:shall preside but not vote.
510:President of the Philippines
7:
913:Politics of the Philippines
21:Congress of the Philippines
10:
929:
598:
582:
390:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
291:Public officials impeached
184:Other government officials
148:2004 presidential election
50:
767:
435:, Juan Carlo Tejano, and
80:Fourth and Fifth Republic
861:Philippine Political Law
830:Bernas, Joaquin (2003).
787:
629:Betrayal of Public Trust
538:Civil Service Commission
442:Removed and disqualified
395:House of Representatives
297:House of Representatives
236:House of Representatives
29:House of Representatives
778:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
533:Commission on Elections
472:Commission on Elections
347:Opposition Bloc led by
256:Commission on Elections
240:Articles of Impeachment
225:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
144:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
113:articles of impeachment
859:Cruz, Isagani (2002).
714:sufficient in grounds.
695:
352:Feliciano Belmonte Jr.
170:impeachment complaints
137:Second EDSA Revolution
671:
661:Impeaching Procedures
497:Impeachable officials
349:House Minority Leader
620:Graft and corruption
565:Impeachable offenses
372:Merceditas Gutierrez
308:Date of Impeachment
268:Maria Lourdes Sereno
221:Merceditas Gutierrez
199:Luzviminda Tancangco
196:COMELEC commissioner
711:sufficient in form.
543:Commission on Audit
207:Hilario Davide, Jr.
176:and Vice President
132:Hilario Davide, Jr.
71:In 1964, President
755:or a reprimand, or
589:Revised Penal Code
466:Andres D. Bautista
433:Rodolfo Lozada Jr.
409:December 12, 2011
328:November 13, 2000
260:Andres D. Bautista
168:In 2017 and 2019,
159:Benigno Aquino III
73:Diosdado Macapagal
638:Other high crimes
587:According to the
490:
489:
478:Kabayan Partylist
456:October 11, 2017
437:Lea Lopez Navarro
281:Associate Justice
212:COMELEC Chairman
152:Fernando Poe, Jr.
128:impeachment trial
121:impeachment trial
90:National Assembly
920:
879:from lawphil.net
865:
864:
856:
850:
849:
842:
836:
835:
827:
821:
820:
809:
519:Justices of the
470:Chairman of the
463:
416:
383:Senate President
335:
302:
301:
86:Ferdinand Marcos
928:
927:
923:
922:
921:
919:
918:
917:
898:
897:
873:
868:
857:
853:
844:
843:
839:
834:. p. 1113.
828:
824:
811:
810:
806:
802:
790:
770:
663:
640:
631:
622:
601:
585:
576:
567:
499:
480:representative
464:
417:
368:March 22, 2011
336:
293:
229:Lakas Kampi CMD
214:Benjamin Abalos
190:Aniano Desierto
186:
174:Rodrigo Duterte
82:
62:Elpidio Quirino
58:
53:
12:
11:
5:
926:
916:
915:
910:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
872:
871:External links
869:
867:
866:
863:. p. 358.
851:
848:. p. 272.
837:
822:
803:
801:
798:
789:
786:
769:
766:
762:
761:
760:
759:
756:
747:
746:
743:
739:
738:
737:
736:
733:
726:
725:
721:
720:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:has substance.
703:
702:
699:
669:, as follows:
662:
659:
639:
636:
630:
627:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
607:in two forms:
600:
597:
584:
581:
575:
572:
566:
563:
555:
554:
548:
547:
546:
545:
540:
535:
527:
526:
523:
517:
512:
498:
495:
488:
487:
484:
474:
468:
457:
454:
450:
449:
439:
426:
421:
410:
407:
403:
402:
392:
386:Jovito Salonga
379:
374:
369:
366:
362:
361:
354:
345:
340:
338:Joseph Estrada
329:
326:
322:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
292:
289:
205:Chief Justice
185:
182:
104:Joseph Estrada
97:Corazon Aquino
81:
78:
57:
56:Third Republic
54:
52:
49:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
925:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
862:
855:
847:
841:
833:
826:
818:
814:
808:
804:
797:
795:
785:
783:
779:
774:
765:
757:
754:
751:
750:
749:
748:
744:
741:
740:
734:
730:
729:
728:
727:
723:
722:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
705:
704:
700:
697:
696:
694:
690:
686:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
658:
656:
652:
651:Supreme Court
648:
643:
635:
626:
614:
610:
609:
608:
606:
596:
594:
590:
580:
571:
562:
559:
553:
550:
549:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
528:
524:
522:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
504:
494:
485:
483:
479:
475:
473:
469:
467:
462:
455:
452:
451:
447:
443:
440:
438:
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:Renato Corona
415:
408:
405:
404:
400:
396:
393:
391:
387:
384:
380:
378:
375:
373:
367:
364:
363:
359:
358:Supreme Court
355:
353:
350:
346:
344:
341:
339:
334:
327:
324:
323:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
303:
300:
298:
288:
285:
284:Marvic Leonen
282:
279:
278:Supreme Court
275:
273:
272:Supreme Court
269:
264:
261:
257:
253:
251:
250:Renato Corona
248:
247:Chief Justice
245:
244:Supreme Court
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
210:
208:
203:
200:
197:
193:
191:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
100:
98:
93:
91:
87:
77:
74:
69:
67:
63:
48:
46:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
860:
854:
845:
840:
831:
825:
816:
807:
791:
775:
771:
763:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
655:public trust
646:
644:
641:
632:
623:
602:
586:
577:
568:
560:
556:
503:Constitution
500:
491:
299:in plenary.
294:
276:
265:
254:
233:
218:
211:
204:
194:
187:
178:Leni Robredo
167:
156:
141:
125:
109:Manny Villar
101:
94:
83:
70:
59:
45:Constitution
41:
16:
15:
482:Harry Roque
902:Categories
800:References
219:Ombudsman
188:Ombudsman
157:President
142:President
102:President
95:President
84:President
60:President
612:another."
552:Ombudsman
377:Ombudsman
343:President
317:Filed by
258:Chairman
111:sent the
25:impeached
399:Resigned
311:Accused
242:against
119:for the
37:censured
817:Rappler
753:Censure
732:Justice
605:bribery
599:Bribery
593:treason
583:Treason
476:Former
444:by the
320:Result
314:Office
231:party.
115:to the
66:diamond
51:History
27:by the
768:Limits
649:, the
446:Senate
117:Senate
33:Senate
788:Notes
388:and
126:The
693:law
645:In
904::
815:.
591:,
453:4
431:,
406:3
365:2
325:1
305:#
252:.
180:.
123:.
39:.
819:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.