193:" that would be imposed upon certain immigrants entering the country. The Act states that "There shall be levied, collected and paid a duty of fifty cents for each and every passenger not a citizen of the United States who shall come by steam or sail vessel from a foreign port to any port within the United States." This money would be paid into the United States Treasury and "shall constitute a fund called the immigration fund." These funds would be used to "defray the expense of regulating immigration under this act." Scholar Roger Daniels commented that the head tax eventually "would rise, in stages, to eight dollars by 1917. In most years the government collected more in head taxes than it spent on administration."
26:
209:, idiot, or any person unable to take care of him or herself without becoming a public charge, they shall report the same in writing to the collector of such port, and such person shall not be permitted to land." Furthermore, if a criminal was found to be on board, it was the fiscal responsibility of the ship that brought the immigrant there to take them back out of the United States. The criminal provision of the act did not include immigrants who were "convicted of political offenses, reflecting the traditional American belief that the United States is a haven for those persecuted by foreign tyrants."
218:
or single women, the disabled, the sick, or the poor. Daniels commented that the "'LPC clause' originally only kept out persons who were obviously unable to support themselves, but in the twentieth century the executive branch broadened it, first to keep out poor Asian
Indians and Mexicans and then to keep out poor people generally." The Immigration Act of 1882 was the first piece of immigration regulation to contain this kind of comprehensive subjective restriction, and it would continue on into contemporary conversations and debates regarding immigration.
197:
administration. While this was not the first federal immigration law, as others were mentioned previously, states and local levels of immigration ports were mainly in control of immigration policy. The
Immigration Act of 1882 was the beginning of the "contours of federal oversight" in immigration policy administration. In addition to the head tax, the Act also stipulated the responsibility of government agents to inspect ports and vessels bringing immigrants into the country.
1769:
160:. This act halted all legal immigration of Chinese laborers and is considered by many to be the first major exclusionary immigration restriction on an entire nationality enacted by the United States. While both of these acts resulted from public fear of the Chinese influence in the labor market and the economy, they also derived from simple prejudice and the public perception of these immigrants' inability to assimilate into American culture.
173:
immigrants were considered extremely desirable, so to limit by region would deny desirable immigrants as well. Instead, to limit immigration based on excluding certain kinds of people who were deemed "undesirable", there needed to be a piece of legislation capable of adhering to a more comprehensive, exclusionary approach that would be administered through a federal government agency with federal policy.
164:
landscape of life in many
European cities, millions looked to immigrate in order to find opportunity in America. Calling it the "most massive of all human migrations to date," scholar Otis. L. Graham reported that almost "27 million immigrants settled in the United States between 1880 and 1930". Furthermore, as explained in
172:
While the
Immigration Act of 1882 shared the principle of immigration restriction with the two aforementioned acts, it was different in a fundamental way. Unlike the Chinese Exclusion act, the Immigration Act of 1882 would not limit all immigration from a certain country or region. Certain European
139:
on August 3, 1882. It imposed a head tax on non-citizens of the United States who came to
American ports and restricted certain classes of people from immigrating to America, including criminals, the insane, or "any person unable to take care of him or herself." The act created what is recognized as
217:
One of the long-lasting legacies of this act is public charge doctrine. The act made those "likely to become a public charge" inadmissible to the United States and potentially deportable within 5 years of arrival. At the time, this status could be assigned to any number of people including pregnant
200:
This then led to the second historically significant component of the Act. Upon inquiry of the vessels transporting immigrants, immigration officials were given the authority to expel certain immigrants based on criteria laid out within the Act. The legislation dictated that "If on such examination
163:
During the same time that
America immigration was restricting Asian (specifically Chinese) immigration, many also criticized the influx of European immigrants â later referred to as the "Great Wave" â coming to the United States. As Europe's urban industrialization was changing the demographic
196:
The creation of such administration, and the need to collect and disburse the head taxes throughout the bureaucratic chain, led to the creation of "the first immigration bureaucracy." It was a significant turning point of immigration policy in terms of relying on federal level legislation and
168:
Roger
Daniels explained how "great growth in the volume of immigration in the Gilded Age made some kind of organized administration necessary". This need and call for an "organized administration" would later be somewhat realized in the administrative outcomes of the Immigration Act of 1882.
156:, which restricted the immigration of forced laborers coming from Asia. This had a major effect on the immigration of Asian indentured workers and women; specifically, women presumed to be immigrating to work as prostitutes. The second was the
185:
passed the
Immigration Act of 1882. It is considered by many to be "first general immigration law" due to the fact that it created the guidelines of exclusion through the creation of "a new category of inadmissible aliens."
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1131:
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152:
Prior to the passage of the
Immigration Act of 1882, the United States Congress had passed two significant acts regarding immigration. The first was the
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1022:
846:
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Roger
Daniels and Otis L. Graham, Debating American Immigration, 1882-present (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), 13.
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Roger Daniels and Otis L. Graham, Debating American Immigration, 1882-present (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), 14.
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1059:
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1537:
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235:
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the first federal immigration bureaucracy and laid the foundation for more regulations on immigration, such as the
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Bromberg, Howard. "Immigration Act of 1882." Immigration In America. N.p., n.d. Web. September 27, 2013, 2.
299:
Bromberg, Howard. "Immigration Act of 1882." Immigration In America. N.p., n.d. Web. September 27, 2013, 1.
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737:
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241:
25:
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992:
189:
There were two main components of the Immigration Act of 1882. The first was to create a "
8:
1804:
1759:
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957:
727:
564:
514:
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1754:
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912:
774:
136:
115:
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1376:
1351:
1027:
458:
443:
228:
153:
77:
1391:
1316:
544:
1162:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1638:
1441:
1431:
1199:
927:
554:
206:
1788:
1321:
942:
1712:
1446:
1209:
632:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
549:
1700:
1653:
672:
606:
1436:
344:
96:
1422:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
1171:
1126:
642:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
637:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
519:
468:
1480:
1032:
764:
754:
190:
627:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
202:
830:
698:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
658:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1800:
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
1669:
List of federal judges appointed by Chester A. Arthur
663:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1367:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
69:
264:(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), 94.
232:: A U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the law.
1786:
1111:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
201:there shall be found among such passengers any
1372:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
1050:List of people deported from the United States
1496:
797:Trump administration family separation policy
330:
847:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
166:Debating American Immigration: 1882âPresent,
1347:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
262:Debating American Immigration, 1882-present
1503:
1489:
1382:Federation for American Immigration Reform
337:
323:
1157:Uniting American Families Act (2000â2013)
1152:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
1142:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
1085:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
842:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
612:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1576:1880 United States presidential election
1362:Center for Migration Studies of New York
505:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
374:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1586:Chester Alan Arthur State Historic Site
1296:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
852:Executive Office for Immigration Review
1787:
1634:United States Civil Service Commission
1312:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1510:
1484:
560:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
318:
1281:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
586:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
286:
284:
282:
272:
270:
183:forty-seventh United States Congress
1581:1880 Republican National Convention
1538:Vice President of the United States
967:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
937:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
822:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
424:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
238:, a doctrine established in the law
13:
1629:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
1055:MexicoâUnited States border crisis
837:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
260:Roger Daniels and Otis L. Graham,
74:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
1816:
1659:Indian Appropriations Act of 1885
1614:Inauguration of Chester A. Arthur
1571:Collector of the Port of New York
1276:"Streamline" (2005–present)
998:Central American migrant caravans
545:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
279:
267:
1768:
1767:
1060:MexicoâUnited States border wall
535:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
346:Immigration to the United States
236:Liable to become a Public Charge
24:
817:Department of Homeland Security
36:An Act to regulate Immigration.
1527:President of the United States
1357:Center for Immigration Studies
1286:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
1271:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
921:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
862:Office of Refugee Resettlement
617:American Homecoming Act (1989)
302:
293:
254:
1:
1407:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
1251:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
1013:Eugenics in the United States
247:
158:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
147:
1075:Illegal immigrant population
857:Board of Immigration Appeals
693:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
688:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
581:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
495:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
7:
1685:Statue of Chester A. Arthur
1291:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
1266:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
1137:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
1127:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
1106:CanadaâUnited States border
1101:MexicoâUnited States border
668:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
530:TydingsâMcDuffie Act (1934)
221:
46:47th United States Congress
10:
1821:
1427:Negative Population Growth
1417:National Immigration Forum
1402:Migration Policy Institute
1177:US Citizenship Act of 2021
733:Temporary protected status
515:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
176:
1734:
1693:
1677:
1664:Bureau of Animal Industry
1604:
1548:
1518:
1455:
1330:
1304:
1238:
1185:
1119:
1093:
976:
870:
805:
760:Security Advisory Opinion
710:
650:
573:
477:
411:
387:
366:
353:
212:
133:United States federal law
107:
102:
83:
64:
59:
51:
40:
32:
23:
1469:Missing in Brooks County
1397:Mexicans Without Borders
897:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
770:National Origins Formula
454:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
429:Civil Rights Act of 1866
1644:Immigration Act of 1882
748:Central American Minors
678:Secure Fence Act (2006)
540:Nationality Act of 1940
490:Naturalization Act 1906
464:Immigration Act of 1891
449:Immigration Act of 1882
439:Naturalization Act 1870
419:Naturalization Law 1802
395:Naturalization Act 1790
181:On August 3, 1882, the
142:Immigration Act of 1891
129:Immigration Act of 1882
19:Immigration Act of 1882
1707:Chester Alan Arthur II
1591:Chester A. Arthur Home
1463:Borderland (TV series)
1317:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
790:Unaccompanied children
565:LuceâCeller Act (1946)
355:Relevant colonial era,
1760:Thomas A. Hendricks â
1649:Chinese Exclusion Act
1596:Albany Rural Cemetery
1040:Immigration reduction
951:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
555:War Brides Act (1945)
434:14th Amendment (1868)
242:Passenger Act of 1882
1795:1882 in American law
1755:â William A. Wheeler
1342:Arizona Border Recon
1322:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
1186:Immigration stations
1120:Proposed legislation
1018:Guest worker program
993:Brooks County, Texas
905:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
622:Immigration Act 1990
525:Immigration Act 1924
510:Immigration Act 1918
500:Immigration Act 1907
485:Immigration Act 1903
135:signed by President
1740:â James A. Garfield
1725:Mary Arthur McElroy
1261:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
1188:and points of entry
1080:Reverse immigration
959:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
872:Supreme Court cases
728:Visa Waiver Program
723:Permanent residence
550:Magnuson Act (1943)
379:Plantation Act 1740
103:Legislative history
20:
1747:Grover Cleveland â
1624:Star Route scandal
1557:Lemmon v. New York
1045:Immigration reform
881:US v. Wong Kim Ark
827:U.S. Border Patrol
743:Green Card Lottery
711:Visas and policies
673:Real ID Act (2005)
607:Refugee Act (1980)
359:international laws
348:and related topics
18:
1782:
1781:
1512:Chester A. Arthur
1478:
1477:
1412:Minuteman Project
1387:Improve The Dream
1305:State legislation
1256:"Babylift" (1975)
1230:Washington Avenue
1225:Sullivan's Island
1147:STRIVE Act (2007)
1070:March for America
1023:Human trafficking
913:Zadvydas v. Davis
775:Expedited removal
706:
705:
357:United States and
137:Chester A. Arthur
125:
124:
118:on August 3, 1882
116:Chester A. Arthur
86:Statutes at Large
1812:
1771:
1770:
1541:
1530:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1377:Community Change
1352:CASA of Maryland
1332:Non-governmental
1246:"Wetback" (1954)
1172:RAISE Act (2017)
1132:H.R. 4437 (2005)
520:Cable Act (1922)
469:Geary Act (1892)
459:Scott Act (1888)
364:
363:
339:
332:
325:
316:
315:
309:
306:
300:
297:
291:
288:
277:
274:
265:
258:
229:Head Money Cases
154:Page Act of 1875
87:
75:
71:
28:
21:
17:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1730:
1689:
1673:
1600:
1565:Central America
1544:
1533:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1479:
1474:
1451:
1392:Mexica Movement
1335:
1333:
1326:
1300:
1234:
1187:
1181:
1167:SAFE Act (2015)
1115:
1089:
1028:Human smuggling
1003:Economic impact
981:
979:
972:
866:
810:
808:
801:
702:
646:
574:1950–1999
569:
478:1900–1949
473:
444:Page Act (1875)
407:
383:
360:
358:
356:
349:
343:
313:
312:
307:
303:
298:
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259:
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224:
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179:
150:
121:
112:Signed into law
85:
73:
41:Enacted by
12:
11:
5:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1780:
1779:
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1763:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1719:William Arthur
1716:
1710:
1704:
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1679:
1675:
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1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
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1639:Tariff of 1883
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Foreign policy
1616:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
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1583:
1578:
1573:
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1531:
1519:
1516:
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1485:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1442:Save Our State
1439:
1434:
1432:No More Deaths
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
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1319:
1314:
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1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:Labor shortage
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1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
982:
978:Related issues
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974:
973:
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955:
947:
933:
929:Barton v. Barr
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629:
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619:
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609:
604:
603:
602:
600:Section 287(g)
597:
595:Section 212(f)
583:
577:
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66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
55:August 3, 1882
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42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1529:(1881â1885)
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889:Ozawa v. US
718:Visa policy
683:DACA (2012)
1805:Poll taxes
1789:Categories
1715:(grandson)
1606:Presidency
1437:NumbersUSA
1239:Operations
1220:San Ysidro
980:and events
807:Government
248:References
148:Background
65:Public law
33:Long title
1215:Otay Mesa
1094:Geography
780:Detention
60:Citations
52:Effective
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1033:Coyotaje
765:E-Verify
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