475:
221:
1261:("Fraud related to activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information"). The statute now makes the possession of any "means of identification" to "knowingly transfer, possess, or use without lawful authority" a federal crime, alongside unlawful possession of identification documents. However, for federal jurisdiction to prosecute, the crime must include an "identification document" that either: (a) is purportedly issued by the United States, (b) is used or intended to defraud the United States, (c) is sent through the mail, or (d) is used in a manner that affects interstate or foreign commerce.
839:, each state has enacted laws that deal with different aspects of identity or fraud issues. Some states have now amended relevant criminal laws to reflect crimes of identity theft, such as the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA), Crimes Amendment (Fraud, Identity and Forgery Offences) Act 2009, and also in Queensland under the Criminal Code 1899 (QLD). Other states and territories are in states of development in respect of regulatory frameworks relating to identity theft such as Western Australia in respect of the Criminal Code Amendment (Identity Crime) Bill 2009.
1379:
1227:(2005) EWCA Crim 1941, the defendant was acting as the "frontman" in the use of stolen credit cards and other documents to obtain goods. He obtained goods to the value of £10,000 for others who are unlikely ever to be identified. The Court of Appeal considered a sentencing policy for deception offenses involving "identity theft" and concluded that a prison sentence was required. Henriques J. said at para 14: "Identity fraud is a particularly pernicious and prevalent form of dishonesty calling for, in our judgment, deterrent sentences."
1115:), has been known as a source of various identity theft problems. Identities of people who carelessly put personal information on their profiles can easily be stolen just by simple browsing. Some people meet online, get to know each other through Facebook chat, and exchange messages that share private information. Others get romantically involved with online friends and end up sharing too much information (such as their social security number, bank account, home address, and company address).
990:. Each province and territory has its own privacy law and privacy commissioners to limit the storage and use of personal data. For the private sector, the purpose of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (2000, c. 5) (known as PIPEDA) is to establish rules to govern the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information; except for the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia where provincial laws have been deemed substantially similar.
654:, driver's license number, credit card number, etc.) increases the risks of identity theft unless this valuable personal information is adequately secured at all times. Committing personal identifiers to memory is a sound practice that can reduce the risks of a would-be identity thief from obtaining these records. To help in remembering numbers such as social security numbers and credit card numbers, it is helpful to consider using mnemonic techniques or memory aids such as the
3888:
145:
403:, a label given to people who use someone else's photos and information on social networking sites. Posers mostly create believable stories involving friends of the real person they are imitating. Unlike identity theft used to obtain credit which usually comes to light when the debts mount, concealment may continue indefinitely without being detected, particularly if the identity thief can obtain false credentials to pass various authentication tests in everyday life.
3897:
5669:
5075:
508:
associated with them. Thieves can establish lines of credit, obtain driver's licenses, or even buy a house using a child's identity. This fraud can go undetected for years, as most children do not discover the problem until years later. Child identity theft is fairly common, and studies have shown that the problem is growing. The largest study on child identity theft, as reported by
Richard Power of the Carnegie Mellon Cylab with data supplied by
702:(FTC) discussed the sale of Social Security numbers and other personal identifiers by credit-raters and data miners. The FTC agreed to the industry's self-regulating principles restricting access to information on credit reports. According to the industry, the restrictions vary according to the category of customer. Credit reporting agencies gather and disclose personal and credit information to a wide business client base.
43:
686:
this study revealed that identity theft was a positive correlation with reputable damages. The relationship between perceived risk and online purchase intention were negative. The significance of this study reveals that online companies are more aware of the potential harm that can be done to their consumers, therefore they are searching for ways to reduce the perceived risk of consumers and not lose out on business.
490:
crime is that medical identity theft occurs when someone seeks medical care under the identity of another person. Insurance theft is also very common, if a thief has your insurance information and or your insurance card, they can seek medical attention posing as yourself. In addition to risks of financial harm common to all forms of identity theft, the thief's medical history may be added to the victim's
1302:
percent of the US population said they were a victim of ID theft. In 2005, that number had dropped to 3.7 percent of the population. The commission's 2003 estimate was that identity theft accounted for some $ 52.6 billion of losses in the preceding year alone and affected more than 9.91 million
Americans; the figure comprises $ 47.6 billion lost by businesses and $ 5 billion lost by consumers.
84:
306:, and the program is so hacker-friendly that even an inexperienced hacker can operate it. Although the hacking program is easy to use, that fact does not diminish the devastating effects that Zeus (or other software like Zeus) can do on a computer and the user. For example, programs like Zeus can steal credit card information, important documents, and even documents necessary for
494:. Inaccurate information in the victim's records is difficult to correct and may affect future insurability or cause doctors to rely on misinformation to deliver inappropriate care. After the publication of the report, which contained a recommendation that consumers receive notifications of medical data breach incidents, California passed a law requiring this, and then finally
1353:. The addition of using cloud information within the United States medicare system would institute easily accessible health information for individuals, but that also makes it easier for identity theft. Currently, new technology is being produced to help encrypt and protect files, which will create a smooth transition to cloud technology in the healthcare system.
1443:. Confusion over exactly what constitutes identity theft has led to claims that statistics may be exaggerated. An extensively reported study from Microsoft Research in 2011 finds that estimates of identity theft losses contain enormous exaggerations, writing that surveys "are so compromised and biased that no faith whatever can be placed in their findings."
1428:
services. Not only did she damage my credit, but she escalated her crimes to a level that I never truly expected: she engaged in drug trafficking. The crime resulted in my erroneous arrest record, a warrant out for my arrest, and eventually, a prison record when she was booked under my name as an inmate in the
Chicago Federal Prison."
975:(a) with intent to gain advantage for themselves or another person; (b) with intent to obtain any property or an interest in any property; (c) with intent to cause disadvantage to the person being personated or another person; or (d) with intent to avoid arrest or prosecution or to obstruct, pervert or defeat the course of justice.
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later. Usage of a stolen credit card is difficult in Sweden since an identity document or a PIN code is normally demanded. If a shop does not demand either, it must take the loss from accepting a stolen credit card. The practice of observing someone using their credit card's PIN code, stealing the credit card, or
416:. Provided the subterfuge works, charges may be placed under the victim's name, letting the criminal off the hook. Victims might only learn of such incidents by chance, for example by receiving a court summons, discovering their driver's licenses are suspended when stopped for minor traffic violations, or through
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for detecting identity theft. The FTC has determined that most medical practices are considered creditors and are subject to requirements to develop a plan to prevent and respond to patient identity theft. These plans must be adopted by each organization's board of directors and monitored by senior executives.
1309:, in 2010, 7% of US households experienced identity theft - up from 5.5% in 2005 when the figures were first assembled, but broadly flat since 2007. In 2012, approximately 16.6 million persons, or 7% of all U.S. residents age 16 or older, reported being victims of one or more incidents of identity theft.
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has created the IRS Identity
Protection Specialized Unit to help taxpayers' who are victims of federal tax-related identity theft. Generally, the identity thief will use a stolen SSN to file a forged tax return and attempt to get a fraudulent refund early in the filing season. A taxpayer will need to
1297:
Six
Federal agencies conducted a joint task force to increase the ability to detect identity theft. Their joint recommendation on "red flag" guidelines is a set of requirements on financial institutions and other entities which furnish credit data to credit reporting services to develop written plans
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Whoever, fraudulently or dishonestly makes use of the electronic signature, password, or any other unique identification feature of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend
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in the previous month, "The bad news is that, despite being incredibly cost-effective and deployable to virtually anywhere in the world, only a handful of countries are systematically using SLTD to screen travelers. The result is a major gap in our global security apparatus that is left vulnerable to
685:
Several types of identity theft are used to gather information, one of the most common types occurs when consumers make online purchases. A study was conducted with 190 people to determine the relationship between the constructs of fear of financial losses and reputational damages. The conclusions of
1409:
Surveys in the US from 2003 to 2006 showed a decrease in the total number of identity fraud victims and a decrease in the total value of identity fraud from US$ 47.6 billion in 2003 to $ 15.6 billion in 2006. The average fraud per person decreased from $ 4,789 in 2003 to $ 1,882 in 2006. A Microsoft
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Other types of identity theft have become more common in Sweden. One common example is ordering a credit card to someone who has an unlocked letterbox and is not home during the daytime. The thief steals the letter with the credit card and the letter with the code, which typically arrives a few days
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In a widely publicized account, Michelle Brown, a victim of identity fraud, testified before a U.S. Senate
Committee Hearing on Identity Theft. Ms. Brown testified that: "over a year and a half from January 1998 through July 1999, one individual impersonated me to procure over $ 50,000 in goods and
705:
Poor stewardship of personal data by organizations, resulting in unauthorized access to sensitive data, can expose individuals to the risk of identity theft. The
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse has documented over 900 individual data breaches by US companies and government agencies since January 2005,
568:
is a form that will help one fight against a theft like tax theft. This form will put the IRS on alert and someone who believed they have been a victim of tax-related theft will be given an
Identity Protection Personal Identification Number (IP PIN), which is a 6 digit code used in replacing an SSN
560:
to file a tax return with false information, and have the resulting refund direct-deposited into a bank account controlled by the thief. The thief in this case can also try to get a job and then their employer will report the income of the real taxpayer, this then results in the taxpayer getting in
411:
When a criminal fraudulently identifies themselves to police as another individual at the point of arrest, it is sometimes referred to as "Criminal
Identity Theft." In some cases, criminals have previously obtained state-issued identity documents using credentials stolen from others, or have simply
1438:
In the United
Kingdom, the Home Office reported that identity fraud costs the UK economy £1.2 billion annually (experts believe that the real figure could be much higher) although privacy groups object to the validity of these numbers, arguing that they are being used by the government to push for
1301:
Identity theft complaints as a percentage of all fraud complaints decreased from 2004 to 2006. The Federal Trade Commission reported that fraud complaints in general were growing faster than ID theft complaints. The findings were similar in two other FTC studies done in 2003 and 2005. In 2003, 4.6
665:
In recent years, commercial identity theft protection/insurance services have become available in many countries. These services purport to help protect the individual from identity theft or help detect that identity theft has occurred in exchange for a monthly or annual membership fee or premium.
1143:
were accepted for identity verification. Stolen documents are traceable by banks and certain other institutions. Banks are required to check the identity of anyone withdrawing money or getting loans. If a bank gives money to someone using an identity document that has been reported as stolen, the
689:
Victims of identity theft may face years of effort proving to the legal system that they are the true person, leading to emotional strain and financial losses. Most identity theft is perpetrated by a family member of the victim, and some may not be able to obtain new credit cards or open new bank
645:
identifying oneself unnecessarily (a form of information security control known as risk avoidance). This implies that organizations, IT systems, and procedures should not demand excessive amounts of personal information or credentials for identification and authentication. Requiring, storing, and
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might still have incorrect criminal records in their databases even after court and police records are corrected. Thus a future background check may return the incorrect criminal records. This is just one example of the kinds of impact that may continue to affect the victims of identity theft for
256:
as a method to gain financial advantages or obtain credit and other benefits. The person whose identity has been stolen may suffer adverse consequences, especially if they are falsely held responsible for the perpetrator's actions. Personally identifiable information generally includes a person's
522:
Not only are children in general big targets of identity theft but children who are in foster care are even bigger targets. This is because they are most likely moved around quite frequently and their SSN is being shared with multiple people and agencies. Foster children are even more victims of
489:
Privacy researcher Pam Dixon, the founder of the World Privacy Forum, coined the term medical identity theft and released the first major report about this issue in 2006. In the report, she defined the crime for the first time and made the plight of victims public. The report's definition of the
459:
or as a subfile on one of the victim's credit reports. Synthetic identity theft primarily harms the creditors who unwittingly grant the fraudsters credit. Individual victims can be affected if their names become confused with the synthetic identities, or if negative information in their subfiles
427:
depend on which jurisdiction the crime occurred and whether the true identity of the criminal can be determined. The victim might need to locate the original arresting officers and prove their own identity by some reliable means such as fingerprinting or DNA testing and may need to go to a court
290:
noted that "Most often, the causes of identity theft is not known", but reported that someone else concluded that "the probability of becoming a victim to identity theft as a result of a data breach is ... around only 2%". For example, in one of the largest data breaches which affected over four
1331:
committed to balancing consumer protection with the needs of small business owners. His Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation announced certain adjustments to Massachusetts' identity theft regulations that maintain protections and also allow flexibility in compliance. These updated
957:
Everyone commits an offense who knowingly obtains or possesses another person's identity information in circumstances giving rise to a reasonable inference that the information is intended to be used to commit an indictable offense that includes fraud, deceit, or falsehood as an element of the
661:
Identity thieves sometimes impersonate dead people, using personal information obtained from death notices, gravestones, and other sources to exploit delays between the death and the closure of the person's accounts, the inattentiveness of grieving families, and weaknesses in the processes for
507:
Child identity theft occurs when a minor's identity is used by another person for the impostor's personal gain. The impostor can be a family member, a friend, or even a stranger who targets children. The Social Security numbers of children are valued because they do not have any information
1144:
bank must take this loss. Since 2008, any EU passport is valid in Sweden for identity verification, and Swedish passports are valid all over the EU. This makes it harder to detect stolen documents, but banks in Sweden still must ensure that stolen documents are not accepted.
1248:
The increase in crimes of identity theft led to the drafting of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act. In 1998, The Federal Trade Commission appeared before the United States Senate. The FTC discussed crimes which exploit consumer credit to commit loan fraud,
498:
was expanded to also require medical breach notification when breaches affect 500 or more people. Data collected and stored by hospitals and other organizations such as medical aid schemes is up to 10 times more valuable to cybercriminals than credit card information.
1284:(b). In addition, punishments for the unlawful use of a "means of identification" were strengthened in § 1028A ("Aggravated Identity Theft"), allowing for a consecutive sentence under specific enumerated felony violations as defined in § 1028A(c)(1) through (11).
736:
Failure of governments, when registering sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations, to determine if the officers listed in the Articles of Incorporation are who they say they are. This potentially allows criminals access to personal information through
809:
maintains a database of 40 million lost and stolen travel documents from 157 countries, which Interpol makes available to governments and the public, including airlines and hotels. The Stolen and Lost Travel Documents (SLTD) database, however, is rarely used.
432:
of court records may also be required. Authorities might permanently maintain the victim's name as an alias for the criminal's true identity in their criminal records databases. One problem that victims of criminal identity theft may encounter is that various
519:(FTC) estimates that about nine million people will be victims of identity theft in the United States per year. It was also estimated that in 2008; 630,000 people under the age of 19 were victims of theft. This then gave the victims a debt of about $ 12,799.
1323:
In 2009, Indiana created an Identity Theft Unit within their Office of Attorney General to educate and assist consumers in avoiding and recovering from identity theft as well as assist law enforcement in investigating and prosecuting identity theft crimes.
1234:(UK's Fraud Prevention Service) show that there were 89,000 victims of identity theft in the UK in 2010 and 85,000 victims in 2009. Men in their 30s and 40s are the most common victims. Identity fraud now accounts for nearly half of all frauds recorded.
224:
Example of an identity theft crime: 1. The fraudster files tax return paperwork in the victim's name, claiming a refund. 2. The IRS issues a refund to the fraudster. 3. The victim submits their legitimate tax return. 4. The IRS rejects the return as a
454:
with a name and birthdate other than the ones that are simply associated with the number. Synthetic identity theft is more difficult to track as it doesn't show on either person's credit report directly but may appear as an entirely new file in the
1056:(PDPO) regulates the collection, use and retention of personal information in Hong Kong. It also provides citizens the right to request information held by businesses and the government to the extent provided by this law. The PDPO establishes the
276:
and identity theft is challenging, primarily because identity theft victims often do not know how their personal information was obtained. According to a report done for the FTC, identity theft is not always detectable by the individual victims.
281:
is often but not necessarily the consequence of identity theft. Someone can steal or misappropriate personal information without then committing identity theft using the information about every person, such as when a major data breach occurs. A
1159:
states that all information (e.g. addresses, incomes, taxes) kept by public authorities must be available for anyone, except in certain cases (for example, the addresses of people who need to hide are restricted). This makes fraud easier.
1130:
for the development, exploitation, and dissemination of information, but violators will be punished by the law through imprisonment or a fine upwards of ₱200,000, but not exceeding ₱1,000,000, or (depending on the damage caused) both.
302:, said, "Interested in credit card theft? There's an app for that." This statement summed up the ease with which these hackers are accessing all kinds of information online. The new program for infecting users' computers was called
1332:
regulations went into effect on 1 March 2010. The regulations are clear that their approach to data security is a risk-based approach important to small businesses and might not handle a lot of personal information about customers.
706:
which together have involved over 200 million total records containing sensitive personal information, many containing social security numbers. Poor corporate diligence standards which can result in data breaches include:
938:
applies only to Commonwealth and territory agencies and to certain private-sector bodies (where, for example, they deal with sensitive records, such as medical records, or they have more than $ 3 million in turnover PA).
523:
identity theft within their own families and other relatives. Young people in foster care who are victims of this crime are usually left alone to struggle and figure out how to fix their newly formed bad credit.
1163:
Until 2016, there were no laws that specifically prohibited using someone's identity. Instead, there were only laws regarding any indirect damages caused. Impersonating anyone else for financial gain is a
2177:
788:. People increase the value of the stolen data by aggregating it with publicly available data, and sell it again for a profit, increasing the damage that can be done to the people whose data was stolen.
3510:, July 2000, U.S. Senate Committee Hearing on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information – "Identity Theft: How to Protect and Restore Your Good Name"
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with authority to track the number of incidents and the dollar value of losses. Their figures relate mainly to consumer financial crimes and not the broader range of all identification-based crimes.
678:
Identity theft is a serious problem in the United States. In a 2018 study, it was reported that 60 million Americans' identities had been wrongfully acquired. In response, under advisement from the
772:, for identification and authentication has been cited as a way to thwart identity thieves, however, there are technological limitations and privacy concerns associated with these methods as well.
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1410:
report shows that this drop is due to statistical problems with the methodology, that such survey-based estimates are "hopelessly flawed" and exaggerate the true losses by orders of magnitude.
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Between 2014 and 2015 in Australia, there were 133,921 fraud and deception offences, an increase of 6% from previous year. The total cost reported by the Attorney General Department was:
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study determined that "most breaches have not resulted in detected incidents of identity theft". The report also warned that "the full extent is unknown". A later unpublished study by
626:) but identity-related documents such as credit cards, bank statements, utility bills, checkbooks, etc. may also be physically stolen from vehicles, homes, offices, and not the least
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538:
The most common type of identity theft is related to finance. Financial identity theft includes obtaining credit, loans, goods, and services while claiming to be someone else.
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offense. is guilty of an indictable offense and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or is guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction.
630:, or directly from victims by pickpockets and bag snatchers. Guardianship of personal identifiers by consumers is the most common intervention strategy recommended by the
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and most sites that address identity theft. Such organizations offer recommendations on how individuals can prevent their information from falling into the wrong hands.
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in the online community, giving the users the freedom to post any information they want without any verification that the account is being used by the real person.
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1184:. However, it is difficult to convict someone of committing this crime. In late 2016, a new law was introduced which partially banned undetermined identity usage.
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931:
There are also high indirect costs associated as a direct result of an incident. For example, the total indirect costs for police recorded fraud is $ 5,774,081.
3738:"Transcript of Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales and FTC Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras Announcing the Release of the President's Identity Theft Task Force"
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is guilty of an indictable offense and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years; or guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction.
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622:. For consumers, this is usually a result of them naively providing their personal information or login credentials to the identity thieves (e.g., in a
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1196:. The Act covers all personal data which an organization may hold, including names, birthday and anniversary dates, addresses, and telephone numbers.
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other than the second-mentioned person; or (b) in prejudice or a substantial risk of prejudice to any person other than the first-mentioned person,
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with the credit bureau. While identity theft protection/insurance services have been heavily marketed, their value has been called into question.
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2239:
Berg, Valeska; Arabiat, Diana; Morelius, Evalotte; Kervin, Lisa; Zgambo, Maggie; Robinson, Suzanne; Jenkins, Mark; Whitehead, Lisa (2024-02-21).
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The services typically work either by setting fraud alerts on the individual's credit files with the three major credit bureaus or by setting up
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Hyde, J. (2017). Preventing Identity Theft and Strengthening the American Health Care System. Policy & Practice (19426828), 75(5), 26–34.
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The emergence of children's identities on social media has also contributed to a rise in incidents of digital kidnapping and identity theft.
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the theft of laptop computers or portable media being carried off-site containing vast amounts of personal information. The use of strong
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Protecting Children from Identity Theft Act: report (to accompany H.R. 5192) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
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credit-checking. Such crimes may continue for some time until the deceased's families or the authorities notice and react to anomalies.
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It can be difficult for the victim of criminal identity theft to clear their record. The steps required to clear the victim's incorrect
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682:, some new bills have been implemented to improve security such as requiring electronic signatures and social security verification.
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million records, it resulted in only about 1,800 instances of identity theft, according to the company whose systems were breached.
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the brokerage of personal information to other businesses without ensuring that the purchaser maintains adequate security controls
3134:, releases Survey of Identity Theft in U.S. 27.3 Million Victims in past 5 Years, Billions in Losses for Businesses and Consumers
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1968:
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was coined in 1964. Since that time, the definition of identity theft has been legally defined throughout both the U.K. and the
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Likewise, each state has enacted its own privacy laws to prevent the misuse of personal information and data. The Commonwealth
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310:. If a hacker were to gain this information, it would mean nationwide identity theft or even a possible terrorist attack. The
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some months or even years after the crime, aside from the psychological trauma that being 'cloned' typically engenders.
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1868:"Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identity Theft Is Limited; However, the Full Extent Is Unknown"
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have created an Office of Privacy Protection to assist their citizens in avoiding and recovering from identity theft.
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about individuals, or various credentials they use to authenticate themselves, to impersonate them. Examples include:
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1834:"Wisconsin Statutes, Sec. 943.201. Unauthorized use of an individual's personal identifying information or documents"
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If charges are brought by state or local law enforcement agencies, different penalties apply to depend on the state.
1180:). Impersonating anyone else to discredit them by hacking into their social media accounts and provoke is considered
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1500: – act of preventing various types of internet frauds by consumers, business owners, and financial institutions
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450:, in which identities are completely or partially fabricated. The most common technique involves combining a real
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In this situation, the identity thief impersonates someone else to conceal their own true identity. Examples are
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2421:, Identity Theft Resource Center Fact Sheet 117 Identity Theft and the Deceased - Prevention and Victim Tips.
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occurs when someone uses another's personal identifying information, like their name, identifying number, or
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In France, a person convicted of identity theft can be sentenced up to five years in prison and fined up to
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name, date of birth, social security number, driver's license number, bank account or credit card numbers,
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An October 2010 article entitled "Cyber Crime Made Easy" explained the level to which hackers are using
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the first-mentioned person commits the offense of fraud and is liable on conviction upon indictment to
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3101:"Federal Trade Commission: 2006 Identity Theft Survey Report: Prepared for the Commission by Synovate"
859:(3) A person is guilty of an offense if a) the person does anything with the intention of dishonestly
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There is an active market for buying and selling stolen personal information, which occurs mostly in
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as the theft of personally identifiable information. Identity theft deliberately uses someone else's
99:
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3333:, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, 3 November 2009
1030:(1) If any person by any deceit (whether or not the deceit is the sole or main inducement) and with
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1435:, identity theft was estimated to be worth between A$ 1billion and A$ 4 billion per annum in 2001.
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2241:"Young Children and the Creation of a Digital Identity on Social Networking Sites: Scoping Review"
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2018:
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Guessing Social Security numbers by using information found on Internet social networks such as
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1365:. As a result, companies that report a data breach typically report it to all their customers.
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involves individuals stealing online images of children and misrepresenting them as their own.
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4149:
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3678:– a government task force established by US President George W. Bush to fight identity theft.
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2500:
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1122:(Republic Act No. 10175). Section 2 of this act states that it recognizes the importance of
972:(1) Everyone commits an offense who fraudulently personates another person, living or dead,
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1581: – form of identity theft, whereby a person takes on the identity of a deceased person
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has been criticized for facilitating the acquisition of personal identifiers by criminals.
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on these devices can reduce the chance of data being misused should a criminal obtain them.
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Data thieves in action: examining the international market for stolen personal information
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Identity cloning (using another's information to assume his or her identity in daily life)
8:
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2534:"ID Theft Aftermath Shows a Wake of Financial and Emotional Victims | Credit Union Times"
1782:
Hoofnagle, Chris Jay (13 March 2007). "Identity Theft: Making the Known Unknowns Known".
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Only 15% of victims find out about the theft through proactive action taken by a business
356:
342:
Financial identity theft (using another's identity to obtain credit, goods, and services)
167:
62:
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2267:
2240:
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1392:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2559:"Testimony before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information"
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987:
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In March 2014, after it was learned two passengers with stolen passports were on board
527:
295:
241:
2226:"Protecting and defending a young person in foster care from financial identity theft"
1945:
269:, or any other information that can be used to access a person's financial resources.
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1645: – Massachusetts General Law (Massachusetts personal information protection law)
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758:
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The acquisition of personal identifiers is made possible through serious breaches of
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94:
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2019:"Medical Identity Theft: What to Do if You are a Victim (or are concerned about it)"
1258:
1257:, commodities and services frauds. The Identity Theft Deterrence Act (2003) amended
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induces another person to commit an act or make an omission, which results either-
750:
714:
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diagram showing the identity theft risk associated with social security numbers on
434:
417:
3660:
2501:"Impact of Fear of Identity Theft and Perceived Risk on Online Purchase Intention"
1763:
1524: – cyberattack intended to redirect a website's traffic to another, fake site
1349:
As for the future of medical care and Medicaid, people are mostly concerned about
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about individual citizens, published in official registers such as electoral rolls
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73% of respondents indicated the crime involved the thief acquiring a credit card
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469:
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348:
Medical identity theft (using another's identity to obtain medical care or drugs)
31:
3169:
2884:"The most likely victims of identity fraud: men in their late 30s and early 40s"
2645:"The ripple effect of identity theft: What happens to my data once it's stolen?"
1991:
1908:
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Sweden has had relatively few problems with identity theft because only Swedish
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844:
Criminal Code Amendment (Theft, Fraud, Bribery & Related Offences) Act 2000
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572:
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372:
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Criminal identity theft (posing as another person when apprehended for a crime)
303:
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3283:
2724:"Usurpation d'identité : la loi ou la technique pour se protéger ?"
2516:
2042:- "Fact Sheet 17g: Criminal Identity Theft: What to Do If It Happens to You "
1953:
1642:
1572:
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1169:
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249:
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This article is about the concept of identity theft. For the 2004 film, see
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failure to shred confidential information before throwing it into dumpsters
635:
556:. The most common method is to use a person's authentic name, address, and
4602:
2955:
2780:"List of Facebook Users by Country Wise Top ranking 2016 - Tech Unblocked"
1867:
1605: – Organization of American States that are devoted to civil identity
1420:
The average time spent by victims resolving the problem is about 330 hours
5644:
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Identity Theft, Trust Breaches, and the Production of Economic Insecurity
1200:
769:
742:
720:
627:
547:
509:
429:
273:
3781:
Scam on the Run - Fugitive Identity Thief Led Global Criminal Enterprise
3566:"Free help, tips and advice on avoiding and dealing with Identity Theft"
2937:"Prepared Statement of the Federal Trade Commission on "Identity Theft""
2755:
2316:"In Focus Resource Center from Citrin Cooperman | Ideas That Count"
355:
Identity theft may be used to facilitate or fund other crimes including
314:
said that about 15 million Americans had their identity stolen in 2012.
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3201:
1554:
1468:, also known as Hacking – Type of crime based in computer networks
1465:
1313:
1127:
727:
512:, found that of 40,000 children, 10.2% were victims of identity theft.
329:
4907:
446:
A variation of identity theft that has recently become more common is
244:, without their permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. The term
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3717:
Identity Theft: A Research Review, National Institute of Justice 2007
2567:, Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate 20 May 1998 pp 5,6
2476:
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2101:
1432:
1317:
836:
823:
765:
597:
396:
368:
360:
299:
3896:
3529:, Australasian Center for Policing Research. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2978:
2475:
United States; Congress; House; Committee on Ways and Means (2018).
1413:
The 2003 survey from the Identity Theft Resource Center found that:
4752:
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4434:
4355:
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4251:
4226:
4208:
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1212:
1100:
986:(federal legislation) covers only federal government, agencies and
806:
392:
364:
266:
2257:
1857:
Federal Trade Commission – 2006 Identity Theft Survey Report, p. 4
1542: – Unsolicited electronic messages, especially advertisements
5120:
5045:
4991:
4617:
4564:
4406:
4372:
4340:
4309:
4256:
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4179:
4159:
4154:
4134:
4104:
4067:
4052:
3963:
3928:
3788:
3669:
3476:
2858:"UK Fraud Prevention Agency Say ID Theft Increase of 32% in 2009"
2664:"Airlines and governments not checking stolen passports register"
1104:
698:
In their May 1998 testimony before the United States Senate, the
619:
607:
603:
413:
2956:
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft.
2004:
1092:
Social networking sites are one of the most famous spreaders of
1060:
which enforces the law and advises on the use of personal data.
749:
The failure of corporate or government organizations to protect
4469:
4294:
4164:
4023:
3857:
3702:
2387:"Social Security Numbers Can Be Guessed From Data, Study Finds"
1273:
1272:(c). Punishment can be up to 5, 15, 20, or 30 years in federal
1112:
1099:
The Philippines, which ranks eighth in the numbers of users of
593:
1875:
Highlights of GAO-07-737, a report to congressional requesters
1068:
Under the Information Technology Act 2000 Chapter IX Sec 66C:
596:
to acquire banking information, including account numbers and
5634:
4649:
4194:
4139:
4089:
3820:
3763:"Woman Gets Prison Time in 'Total Identity Theft' - ABC News"
2903:"Fraudscape: report reveals the UK's fraud landscape in 2010"
1361:
Many states followed California's lead and enacted mandatory
1231:
1204:
1181:
298:. As Gunter Ollmann, Chief Technology Officer of security at
154:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
3137:
2499:
Gašper, Jordan; Robert, Leskovar; Miha, Marič (1 May 2018).
805:, which went missing on 8 March 2014. It came to light that
573:
Techniques for obtaining and exploiting personal information
5573:
5023:
5001:
4519:
4246:
3015:
PhysiciansPractice.com, 21 May 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
2822:"Seward, R. v [2005] EWCA Crim 1941 (11 July 2005)"
1563: – Crime involving the trafficking of credit card data
1456: – Process of verifying ownership of a website account
1152:
it, and then using the credit card has become more common.
1080:
1011:
5089:
3675:
1794:
395:
or other individuals and those who simply want to become "
3783:
3072:"Federal Trade Commission – Identity Theft Survey Report"
2458:"Identity-Theft Protection: What Services Can You Trust?"
2238:
1688: – American security consultant and former fraudster
1192:
In the United Kingdom, personal data is protected by the
815:
1223:
increasingly contend with identity theft situations. In
2618:
Holt, Thomas J.; Smirnova, Olga; Chua, Yi-Ting (2016).
1898:"Do Data Breach Disclosure Laws Reduce Identity Theft?"
1569: – Criminal acts involving unlawful use of cheques
1517:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1493:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
693:
3048:"Law Enforcement Contact1 January 1 December 31, 2001"
2926:, Public Law 105-318, 112 Stat. 3007 (30 October 1998)
2196:"Government Turns Spotlight on Child ID Theft Problem"
1700: – Soviet engineer and mathematician (1897–1942)
1667:
3892:
2342:"If Microsoft co-founder's ID isn't safe, is yours?"
1583:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1535:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1526:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1502:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1276:, plus fines, depending on the underlying crime per
1058:
Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data
863:; and b) the other person is a Commonwealth entity.
3609:"Hi-tech crime and sexual partner surveys 'biased'"
3324:"Frequently Asked Question Regarding 201 CMR 17.00"
428:hearing to be cleared of the charges. Obtaining an
382:
5569:International Association of Privacy Professionals
3145:"Identity Theft Reported by Households, 2005-2010"
2662:
1515: – Type of intellectual property infringement
1491: – List of people acting under false identity
3042:
3040:
1677: – American consumer credit reporting agency
1000:Bill C-27 (39th Canadian Parliament, 2nd Session)
613:
5685:
5534:Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
2617:
2498:
2180:. Identity Theft Resource Center. Archived from
723:agents and people with access to call recordings
391:hiding their illegal status, people hiding from
371:. There are cases of identity cloning to attack
335:sub-divide identity theft into five categories:
3639:
3399:"ALERT: Beware of Phishing Scam Mentioning TAS"
2595:Internet Identity Theft - A Tragedy for Victims
3037:
2178:"Correcting Misinformation on Medical Records"
1969:"'Credit card theft? There's an app for that'"
1800:
577:Identity thieves typically obtain and exploit
552:One of the major identity theft categories is
375:, including online credit card processing and
5105:
4633:
3804:
2606:Software and Information Industry Association
2375:, Douglas County Sheriff's Office, Washington
2152:"The Medical Identity Theft Information Page"
2053:"In Re Colokathis | 417 B.R. 150 (2009)"
1694: – American computer hacker and criminal
1118:This phenomenon leads to the creation of the
641:Identity theft can be partially mitigated by
152:The examples and perspective in this article
3676:The President's Task Force on Identity Theft
2798:"SFS 2016:485 Lag om ändring i brottsbalken"
2655:
2127:"Get to Know These Common Types of ID Theft"
1932:Giles, Jim (2010). "Cyber crime made easy".
846:which amended certain provisions within the
3538:
2462:PC World.com, retrieved on 16 December 2008
1895:
1630: – U.S. federal law enforcement agency
1612: – U.S. federal law enforcement agency
1547:
1103:and other social networking sites (such as
827:exploitation by criminals and terrorists."
818:) reported that Interpol Secretary-General
533:
441:
399:" for personal reasons. Another example is
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5112:
5098:
4640:
4626:
3811:
3797:
3582:
3198:"California Office of Identity Protection"
1480: – Access control by authenticated ID
406:
3282:. In.gov. 6 December 2013. Archived from
3168:Harrell, Erika and Lynn Langton. (2013).
2873:, Identity Theft UK Blog, 3 February 2010
2266:
2256:
1781:
1744:. Oxford University Press. September 2007
1649:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
1618: – US federal law enforcement agency
646:processing personal identifiers (such as
463:
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Deliberate use of someone else's identity
3692:) is being considered for deletion. See
3520:Identity Crime Research and Coordination
2700:"Identity crime and misuse in Australia"
2339:
2223:
2073:
2005:"Identity Theft Resource Center website"
1925:
1616:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1327:In Massachusetts in 2009–2010, Governor
473:
219:
3640:Florencio, D.; Herley, C. (June 2011).
3307:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 2010
3280:"Attorney General: ID Theft Prevention"
1803:"My Three Years in Identity Theft Hell"
1681:2007 UK child benefit data misplacement
1622:United States Postal Inspection Service
993:
502:
5686:
3760:
3223:"DATCP Home Identity Theft Protection"
2528:
2526:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2470:
2468:
2310:
2308:
1624: – Federal law enforcement agency
1603:Civil Identity Program of the Americas
5549:Electronic Privacy Information Center
5093:
4621:
3792:
3672:FTC steps for identity theft victims.
3434:"States Offer Data Breach Protection"
2892:, Protect MY ID Blog, 21 January 2011
2749:"The Information Technology Act 2000"
2694:
2692:
2690:
2642:
2384:
2219:
2217:
2154:. World Privacy Forum. Archived from
1931:
1590: – Fake IDs and their production
842:At the Commonwealth level, under the
673:
541:
284:U.S. Government Accountability Office
3502:"Verbal Testimony by Michelle Brown"
3150:. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2011
3064:
2432:"Identity Theft Protection Services"
2076:"Detecting synthetic identity fraud"
1801:Drew Armstrong (13 September 2017).
1372:
1368:
1155:Legally, Sweden is an open society.
694:Identity protection by organizations
138:
77:
36:
5529:Center for Democracy and Technology
3726:United States Department of Justice
3401:. Taxpayer Advocate. Archived from
3260:from the original on 4 October 2013
2523:
2485:
2465:
2305:
1509: – Branch of computer security
1244:Identity theft in the United States
579:personally identifiable information
420:performed for employment purposes.
13:
4647:
3818:
3642:"Sex, Lies and Cybercrime Surveys"
3452:"Sex, Lies and Cybercrime Surveys"
3344:"Taxpayer Guide to Identity Theft"
2687:
2291:"What is Financial Identity Theft"
2214:
1742:"Oxford English Dictionary online"
1710:
1668:Notable identity thieves and cases
791:
14:
5730:
3761:Roxana, Hegeman (25 March 2013).
3696:to help reach a consensus. ›
3654:
3110:. 1 November 2007. Archived from
3034:(PDF). Retrieved 29 January 2008.
1966:
1533: – American security analyst
1307:U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics
1187:
1120:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
1054:Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance
52:This article has multiple issues.
5668:
5667:
5135:Right of access to personal data
5074:
5073:
4412:Perverting the course of justice
3895:
3886:
3834:. Not all types are listed here.
3170:Victims of Identity Theft, 2012.
2074:McFadden, Leslie (16 May 2007).
1662: – U.S. federal legislation
1595:
1377:
1237:
919:$ 4,412 per unrecorded incident
861:causing a loss to another person
796:
480:Government Accountability Office
383:Identity cloning and concealment
143:
82:
41:
4150:Intellectual property violation
3744:. 23 April 2007. Archived from
3633:
3615:
3601:
3576:
3558:
3532:
3513:
3494:
3469:
3444:
3426:
3417:
3362:
3336:
3317:
3298:
3272:
3240:
3215:
3190:
3162:
3118:
3093:
3018:
2991:
2972:
2948:
2929:
2910:
2895:
2876:
2850:
2835:
2814:
2790:
2772:
2741:
2716:
2675:from the original on 2022-01-12
2636:
2611:
2588:
2578:"A Chronology of Data Breaches"
2570:
2551:
2450:
2424:
2405:
2378:
2352:
2333:
2283:
2232:
2188:
2170:
2144:
2119:
2094:
2067:
2045:
2026:
2011:
1997:
1992:Victims of Identity Theft, 2012
1985:
1960:
1907:. heinz.cmu.edu. Archived from
1610:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1557: – Form of financial crime
1356:
921:$ 27,981 per recorded incident
60:or discuss these issues on the
5544:Electronic Frontier Foundation
5524:American Civil Liberties Union
5478:Privacy-enhancing technologies
3588:"Identity Theft Over-Reported"
2967:Congressional Research Service
2340:Loviglio, Joann (March 2012).
2034:"Privacy Rights Clearinghouse"
1889:
1860:
1851:
1825:
1775:
1756:
1734:
1157:The Principle of Public Access
1087:
1075:PUNISHMENT FOR IDENTITY THEFT
719:credit card numbers stolen by
680:Identity Theft Resource Center
652:national identification number
614:Individual identity protection
460:impacts their credit ratings.
333:Identity Theft Resource Center
104:Odd wording/grammar in places.
1:
3681:
3379:. US Internal Revenue Service
3350:. US Internal Revenue Service
2447:retrieved on 16 December 2008
2245:JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
1946:10.1016/s0262-4079(10)60647-1
1728:
1363:data breach notification laws
272:Determining the link between
3670:Identity Theft Recovery Plan
3185:Bureau of Justice Statistics
2385:Olmos, David (6 July 2009).
1940:(2752). Elsevier BV: 20–21.
1722:American Sociological Review
1716:Brensinger, Jordan (2023). "
1675:2017 Equifax security breach
1628:United States Secret Service
1462: – Psychiatric disorder
1017:
830:
803:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
7:
5269:Data protection authorities
5119:
2981:. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2389:. Bloomberg. Archived from
2224:Clemente, Jean (Feb 2010).
1838:Wisconsin State Legislature
1809:. Bloomberg. Archived from
1446:
947:Under section 402.2 of the
713:failure to ensure adequate
632:US Federal Trade Commission
324:Levels of identity security
166:, discuss the issue on the
102:. The specific problem is:
10:
5735:
5473:Social networking services
4175:Possessing stolen property
3731:Dateline NBC investigation
3712:Carnegie Mellon University
3248:"Indiana General Assembly"
3181:U.S. Department of Justice
2643:Rossi, Ben (8 July 2015).
1905:Heinz First Research Paper
1287:The Act also provides the
1259:U.S. Code Title 18, § 1028
1241:
554:tax-related identity theft
545:
467:
321:
288:Carnegie Mellon University
29:
18:
5663:
5587:
5564:Global Network Initiative
5516:
5508:Virtual assistant privacy
5488:Privacy-invasive software
5416:
5380:
5267:
5163:
5127:
5064:
4957:
4921:
4824:
4798:
4656:
4589:
4554:
4454:
4421:
4370:
4324:
4218:
4078:
3912:
3884:
3840:
3827:
3623:"Measuring the black web"
3544:"What is Identity theft?"
3457:. Microsoft. 15 June 2011
3305:"Consumer Identity Theft"
2608:. Retrieved 30 June 2006.
2106:www.worldprivacyforum.org
1660:Fair Credit Reporting Act
1588:Identity document forgery
1579:Ghosting (identity theft)
1498:Internet fraud prevention
1386:This section needs to be
1253:, lines-of-credit fraud,
1134:
1046:imprisonment for 14 years
1005:
962:Under section 403 of the
942:
775:
23:. For the 2013 film, see
5714:Organized crime activity
4274:(such as prohibition of
3742:US Department of Justice
3722:Identity Theft and Fraud
3694:templates for discussion
3665:Federal Trade Commission
3525:30 December 2005 at the
3175:7 September 2016 at the
3108:Federal Trade Commission
3079:Federal Trade Commission
3030:17 February 2013 at the
3000:"Getting Red Flag Ready"
2979:Federal Trade Commission
2954:Doyle, Charles. (2013).
1651: – U.S. federal law
1548:Types of fraud and theft
1343:Identity Theft Affidavit
1289:Federal Trade Commission
1194:Data Protection Act 1998
1063:
1022:Under HK Laws. Chap 210
868:Imprisonment for 5 years
855:135.1 General dishonesty
700:Federal Trade Commission
668:credit report monitoring
569:for filing tax returns.
534:Financial identity theft
517:Federal Trade Commission
448:synthetic identity theft
442:Synthetic identity theft
317:
5559:Future of Privacy Forum
5554:European Digital Rights
3311:5 November 2011 at the
2985:31 January 2006 at the
2961:11 October 2016 at the
2320:www.citrincooperman.com
1655:Fair Credit Billing Act
1635:
1575: – Fraud technique
1478:Identity-based security
1230:Statistics released by
814:(which is based in the
764:Using various types of
407:Criminal identity theft
30:For the 1953 film, see
5600:Cellphone surveillance
5517:Advocacy organizations
5140:Expectation of privacy
4392:Miscarriage of justice
3733:'To Catch an ID Thief'
3329:11 August 2011 at the
2843:"CIFAS: your identity"
2622:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1769:9 October 2015 at the
1472:Criminal impersonation
1177:
1085:
1050:
980:
960:
916:Police recorded fraud
872:
848:Criminal Code Act 1995
755:client confidentiality
648:Social Security number
636:Canadian Phone Busters
564:The 14039 Form to the
561:trouble with the IRS.
558:Social Security Number
486:
464:Medical identity theft
452:social security number
226:
5579:Privacy International
5150:Right to be forgotten
4713:Intellectual property
4387:Malfeasance in office
3830:Note: Crimes vary by
3546:. identitytheft.co.uk
3508:on 21 September 2012.
3440:on 13 September 2012.
3114:on 11 September 2008.
3060:on 11 September 2008.
2600:22 April 2011 at the
2417:17 April 2016 at the
2102:"World Privacy Forum"
2040:on 21 September 2012.
2023:, World Privacy Forum
1340:fill out Form 14039,
1312:At least two states,
1070:
1039:benefit to any person
1028:
970:
955:
852:
768:information, such as
656:mnemonic Major System
477:
351:Child identity theft.
322:Further information:
263:electronic signatures
238:identity infringement
223:
21:Identity Theft (film)
4480:Cybersex trafficking
4242:Censorship violation
3748:on 11 September 2007
3611:. BBC. 10 June 2011.
3570:bestidprotection.com
2728:www.journaldunet.com
2007:. idtheftcenter.org.
1813:on 19 September 2017
1474: – Criminal act
1454:Account verification
994:Proposed legislation
503:Child identity theft
328:Sources such as the
172:create a new article
164:improve this article
109:improve this article
98:to meet Knowledge's
5615:Global surveillance
5483:Privacy engineering
5468:Personal identifier
5418:Information privacy
5155:Post-mortem privacy
4272:Illegal consumption
3944:Criminal negligence
3405:on 18 December 2014
3025:72 Fed. Reg. 70944
2669:The Daily Telegraph
2184:on 23 January 2013.
1762:Synthetic ID Theft
1219:offences under the
894:Commonwealth fraud
879:
690:accounts or loans.
357:illegal immigration
5709:Identity documents
5655:Personality rights
5056:White-collar crime
4922:Government-related
4475:Child sexual abuse
4440:Wildlife smuggling
4430:Cruelty to animals
4219:Against the public
4048:Negligent homicide
3959:False imprisonment
3914:Against the person
3629:. 15 October 2011.
3572:. 9 February 2022.
3286:on 11 January 2014
2965:Washington, D.C.:
2538:Credit Union Times
1203:(which extends to
1141:identity documents
1026:, sec. 16A Fraud:
988:crown corporations
889:Total direct cost
886:Cost per incident
877:
784:but also in other
674:Potential outcomes
542:Tax identity theft
528:Digital kidnapping
487:
389:illegal immigrants
296:malicious software
242:credit card number
227:
5719:Security breaches
5681:
5680:
5625:Mass surveillance
5087:
5086:
4825:Financial-related
4615:
4614:
4598:Wikimedia Commons
4556:Inchoate offenses
4500:Indecent exposure
3989:Human trafficking
3954:Domestic violence
3179:Washington, D.C.
2943:on 1 August 2012.
2924:on 1 August 2012.
2786:on 10 March 2016.
2629:978-1-137-58904-0
2565:on 1 August 2012.
2412:IDtheftcenter.org
2293:. ID Theft Center
2202:. 12 January 2016
1896:Sasha Romanosky.
1764:Cyber Space Times
1507:Internet security
1441:national ID cards
1407:
1406:
1369:Spread and impact
1305:According to the
1255:credit card fraud
1032:intent to defraud
929:
928:
759:political privacy
418:background checks
377:medical insurance
308:homeland security
218:
217:
210:
200:
199:
192:
174:, as appropriate.
137:
136:
129:
100:quality standards
91:This article may
75:
5726:
5671:
5670:
5539:Data Privacy Lab
5498:Privacy software
5145:Right to privacy
5114:
5107:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5077:
5076:
4657:Business-related
4642:
4635:
4628:
4619:
4618:
4262:Ethnic cleansing
4200:Trespass to land
4095:Arms trafficking
3905:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3663:– United States
3649:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3536:
3530:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3504:. Archived from
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3436:. Archived from
3430:
3424:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3374:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3340:
3334:
3321:
3315:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3200:. Archived from
3194:
3188:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3132:on 31 July 2012.
3128:. Archived from
3122:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3081:. September 2002
3076:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3053:. Archived from
3052:
3044:
3035:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3002:. Archived from
2995:
2989:
2976:
2970:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2939:. Archived from
2933:
2927:
2925:
2920:. Archived from
2914:
2908:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2886:. Archived from
2880:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2860:. Archived from
2854:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2782:. Archived from
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2754:. Archived from
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2666:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2615:
2609:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2584:on 13 June 2010.
2580:. Archived from
2574:
2568:
2566:
2561:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2434:. Archived from
2428:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2362:. Archived from
2360:"Identity Theft"
2356:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2158:on 16 April 2013
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2063:on 19 July 2015.
2059:. Archived from
2049:
2043:
2041:
2036:. Archived from
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1872:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1773:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1738:
1704:Charles Stopford
1584:
1536:
1531:Robert Siciliano
1527:
1518:
1503:
1494:
1460:Capgras delusion
1439:introduction of
1402:
1399:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1209:Northern Ireland
925:$ 3,260,141,049
880:
876:
822:told a forum in
812:Big News Network
751:consumer privacy
715:network security
594:cheques (checks)
435:data aggregators
265:, fingerprints,
213:
206:
195:
188:
184:
181:
175:
147:
146:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5699:1964 neologisms
5684:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5659:
5583:
5512:
5412:
5376:
5263:
5257:amended in 2020
5159:
5123:
5118:
5088:
5083:
5060:
5017:honest services
4953:
4917:
4820:
4794:
4652:
4646:
4616:
4611:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4530:Sex trafficking
4456:Sexual offenses
4450:
4449:
4448:
4422:Against animals
4417:
4416:
4415:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4130:False pretenses
4074:
4073:
4072:
4036:Preterintention
3908:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3882:
3836:
3823:
3817:
3771:
3769:
3751:
3749:
3736:
3697:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3581:
3577:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3542:(26 May 2004).
3537:
3533:
3527:Wayback Machine
3518:
3514:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3331:Wayback Machine
3322:
3318:
3313:Wayback Machine
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3207:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3177:Wayback Machine
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3032:Wayback Machine
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2987:Wayback Machine
2977:
2973:
2963:Wayback Machine
2953:
2949:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2890:on 8 July 2012.
2882:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2649:Information Age
2641:
2637:
2630:
2616:
2612:
2602:Wayback Machine
2593:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2497:
2486:
2473:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2419:Wayback Machine
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2393:on 17 June 2013
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2237:
2233:
2222:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2200:CreditCards.com
2194:
2193:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2072:
2068:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1965:
1961:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1780:
1776:
1771:Wayback Machine
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1713:
1711:Further reading
1708:
1698:Yuri Kondratyuk
1692:Albert Gonzalez
1670:
1665:
1638:
1633:
1598:
1593:
1582:
1561:Carding (fraud)
1550:
1545:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1501:
1492:
1449:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1359:
1351:cloud computing
1246:
1240:
1190:
1137:
1090:
1066:
1024:Theft Ordinance
1020:
1008:
996:
945:
905:Personal fraud
883:Fraud category
833:
820:Ronald K. Noble
799:
794:
792:Legal responses
782:darknet markets
778:
696:
676:
624:phishing attack
616:
575:
550:
544:
536:
505:
492:medical records
472:
470:Medical privacy
466:
444:
425:criminal record
409:
385:
373:payment systems
326:
320:
234:identity piracy
214:
203:
202:
201:
196:
185:
179:
176:
161:
148:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
106:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
32:Stolen Identity
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5732:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5694:Identity theft
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5640:Search warrant
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5620:Identity theft
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5493:Privacy policy
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5433:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5372:United Kingdom
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5287:European Union
5284:
5279:
5273:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5245:
5243:United Kingdom
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5203:European Union
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4975:Counterfeiting
4972:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4799:Family-related
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4683:Pharmaceutical
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4622:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4540:Sexual slavery
4537:
4535:Sexual assault
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4257:Hostage-taking
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3758:
3734:
3728:
3719:
3714:
3708:Identity Theft
3705:
3699:Identity theft
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:Identity theft
3656:
3655:External links
3653:
3651:
3650:
3632:
3614:
3600:
3584:Bruce Schneier
3575:
3557:
3531:
3512:
3493:
3468:
3443:
3425:
3416:
3390:
3361:
3335:
3316:
3297:
3271:
3239:
3214:
3189:
3161:
3136:
3117:
3092:
3063:
3036:
3017:
2997:Michael, Sara
2990:
2971:
2947:
2928:
2909:
2894:
2875:
2849:
2834:
2813:
2789:
2771:
2740:
2715:
2686:
2654:
2635:
2628:
2610:
2587:
2569:
2550:
2522:
2484:
2464:
2449:
2423:
2404:
2377:
2351:
2332:
2304:
2282:
2231:
2213:
2187:
2169:
2143:
2118:
2093:
2082:. pp. 1–2
2066:
2044:
2025:
2010:
1996:
1984:
1959:
1924:
1888:
1859:
1850:
1824:
1793:
1774:
1755:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1686:Frank Abagnale
1683:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1484:Identity score
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1398:September 2023
1385:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1358:
1355:
1278:18 U.S.C.
1266:18 U.S.C.
1251:mortgage fraud
1239:
1236:
1221:Theft Act 1968
1189:
1188:United Kingdom
1186:
1136:
1133:
1089:
1086:
1079:to rupees one
1065:
1062:
1019:
1016:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
992:
944:
941:
927:
926:
923:
917:
913:
912:
911:$ 656,550,506
909:
906:
902:
901:
900:$ 353,866,740
898:
895:
891:
890:
887:
884:
832:
829:
798:
795:
793:
790:
777:
774:
747:
746:
734:
731:
724:
717:
711:
695:
692:
675:
672:
615:
612:
611:
610:
600:
590:
587:public records
574:
571:
543:
540:
535:
532:
504:
501:
484:Medicare cards
465:
462:
443:
440:
408:
405:
384:
381:
353:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
319:
316:
279:Identity fraud
246:identity theft
230:Identity theft
216:
215:
198:
197:
158:of the subject
156:worldwide view
151:
149:
142:
135:
134:
117:September 2018
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
25:Identity Thief
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5731:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5674:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5610:Eavesdropping
5608:
5606:
5605:Data security
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Secret ballot
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Personal data
5461:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5248:United States
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5080:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:Mail and wire
5010:
5008:
5007:Impersonation
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4997:Fraud factory
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Shill bidding
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Telemarketing
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4708:Impersonation
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4643:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:Homosexuality
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Miscegenation
4288:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Pickpocketing
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:Home invasion
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Assassination
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3647:. Proc. WEIS.
3643:
3636:
3628:
3627:The Economist
3624:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3453:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3420:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3378:
3371:
3365:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3204:on 2012-08-05
3203:
3199:
3193:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3165:
3146:
3140:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3006:on 2012-09-11
3005:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2945:, 20 May 1998
2942:
2938:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2904:
2898:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2864:on 2012-07-01
2863:
2859:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2761:on 2013-07-24
2757:
2750:
2744:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2438:on 2012-09-07
2437:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2366:on 2012-07-28
2365:
2361:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2292:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2258:10.2196/54414
2254:
2251:(1): e54414.
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1974:
1973:New Scientist
1970:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:New Scientist
1928:
1914:on 2012-01-20
1910:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1812:
1808:
1807:Bloomberg.com
1804:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:201 CMR 17.00
1641:
1640:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:Organizations
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:Check washing
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:Lapsed lurker
1511:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1401:
1389:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:Deval Patrick
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1238:United States
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:Criminal Code
1167:
1166:type of fraud
1161:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:communication
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1059:
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103:
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5645:Wiretapping
5357:Switzerland
5342:South Korea
5332:Philippines
5322:Netherlands
5317:Isle of Man
5238:Switzerland
5218:New Zealand
4987:Faked death
4980:Superdollar
4958:Other types
4898:Overpayment
4864:Credit card
4832:Advance-fee
4743:Health care
4485:Fornication
4402:Obstruction
4382:Compounding
4190:Tax evasion
3939:Child abuse
3853:Misdemeanor
3682:‹ The
3540:Home Office
3486:25 December
3477:"Home Page"
3409:18 December
3377:IRS website
3232:25 December
2827:25 December
2806:25 December
2733:25 December
2325:25 December
2162:26 November
2111:25 December
1831:See, e.g.,
1282:§ 1028
1270:§ 1028
1207:but not to
1201:English law
1088:Philippines
984:Privacy Act
982:In Canada,
936:Privacy Act
743:data mining
721:call center
628:letterboxes
548:Tax evasion
510:AllClear ID
430:expungement
180:August 2020
111:if you can.
5688:Categories
5630:Panopticon
5253:California
5128:Principles
5041:Scientific
4903:Securities
4888:Mismarking
4854:Chargeback
4849:Bankruptcy
4693:Employment
4674:Disability
4593:WikiSource
4575:Incitement
4570:Conspiracy
4445:Bestiality
4397:Misprision
4361:Subversion
4315:War crimes
4310:Usurpation
4237:Corruption
4115:Cybercrime
3999:Kidnapping
3979:Hate crime
3969:Harassment
3949:Defamation
3903:Law portal
3878:Corruption
3868:Indictable
3848:Infraction
3290:24 January
3208:2009-01-08
3010:2009-07-02
2868:2010-02-03
2765:2013-08-20
2708:8 February
2543:18 October
2442:2008-12-16
2370:2009-08-02
2297:3 December
1978:2021-03-19
1918:2009-05-27
1729:References
1555:Bank fraud
1466:Cybercrime
1314:California
1242:See also:
1225:R v Seward
1128:multimedia
728:encryption
598:bank codes
546:See also:
468:See also:
330:Non-profit
225:duplicate.
57:improve it
5595:Anonymity
5431:Financial
5408:Workplace
5398:Education
5307:Indonesia
5277:Australia
5233:Sri Lanka
5228:Singapore
5173:Australia
4934:Electoral
4878:Insurance
4816:Paternity
4806:Fertility
4748:fertility
4728:Long firm
4648:Types of
4603:Wikiquote
4545:Voyeurism
4525:Pederasty
4510:Obscenity
4351:Secession
4346:Espionage
4305:Terrorism
4267:Smuggling
4205:Vandalism
4185:Smuggling
4125:Extortion
4100:Blackmail
4013:corporate
3819:Types of
3264:3 October
3126:"FTC.gov"
3085:5 January
2918:"FTC.gov"
2517:1581-1832
2397:4 January
1954:0262-4079
1877:. gao.gov
1433:Australia
1318:Wisconsin
1217:deception
1018:Hong Kong
866:Penalty:
837:Australia
831:Australia
824:Abu Dhabi
766:biometric
745:services.
592:Stealing
397:anonymous
393:creditors
369:espionage
361:terrorism
300:Microsoft
267:passwords
168:talk page
63:talk page
5673:Category
5588:See also
5441:Facebook
5436:Internet
5388:Consumer
5362:Thailand
5079:Category
4965:Affinity
4939:Medicare
4893:Mortgage
4811:Marriage
4775:Slamming
4753:quackery
4733:Odometer
4718:Internet
4669:Cramming
4608:Wikinews
4465:Adultery
4435:Poaching
4371:Against
4356:Sedition
4300:Regicide
4252:Genocide
4227:Apostasy
4209:Mischief
4145:Gambling
4110:Burglary
4081:property
4079:Against
4063:Stabbing
4058:Stalking
4041:Homicide
4004:Menacing
3984:Homicide
3772:27 March
3767:ABC News
3752:24 April
3684:template
3523:Archived
3461:11 March
3327:Archived
3309:Archived
3255:Archived
3173:Archived
3028:Archived
2983:Archived
2959:Archived
2673:Archived
2598:Archived
2415:Archived
2346:NBC News
2277:38381499
2268:10918551
2206:22 April
1767:Archived
1540:Spamming
1522:Pharming
1489:Impostor
1447:See also
1213:Scotland
1150:skimming
1109:Multiply
1101:Facebook
1014:75,000.
897:$ 2,111
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365:phishing
254:identity
162:You may
93:require
5451:Twitter
5403:Medical
5393:Digital
5312:Ireland
5297:Germany
5282:Denmark
5208:Germany
5198:England
5193:Denmark
5121:Privacy
5046:Spyware
5029:Romance
4992:Forgery
4970:Charity
4949:Welfare
4929:Benefit
4883:Lottery
4868:carding
4664:Billing
4565:Attempt
4407:Perjury
4373:justice
4341:Treason
4284:smoking
4280:alcohol
4247:Dueling
4232:Begging
4180:Robbery
4160:Looting
4155:Larceny
4135:Forgery
4105:Bribery
4068:Torture
4053:Robbery
4011: (
3964:Frameup
3934:Battery
3929:Assault
3863:Summary
3841:Classes
3686:below (
3593:30 June
3383:29 June
3354:29 June
3348:IRS.gov
3154:24 June
2907:, CIFAS
2847:, CIFAS
1843:19 July
1388:updated
1215:), the
1174:Swedish
1168:in the
1105:Twitter
1037:(a) in
620:privacy
608:MySpace
604:Twitter
414:fake ID
95:cleanup
5446:Google
5367:Turkey
5352:Sweden
5337:Poland
5327:Norway
5292:France
5223:Russia
5183:Canada
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4785:Weight
4765:Return
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4495:Incest
4470:Bigamy
4295:Piracy
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4024:Murder
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3858:Felony
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1094:posers
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4873:Forex
4738:Phone
4688:Email
4650:fraud
4327:state
4276:drugs
4195:Theft
4140:Fraud
4090:Arson
3821:crime
3645:(PDF)
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1608:U.S.
1232:CIFAS
1205:Wales
1182:libel
1064:India
496:HIPAA
318:Types
170:, or
5574:NOYB
5069:list
5024:Scam
5002:Hoax
4944:Visa
4866:and
4844:Bank
4790:Wine
4698:Food
4679:Drug
4520:Rape
3774:2013
3754:2007
3595:2006
3552:2010
3488:2023
3481:ITRC
3463:2015
3411:2014
3385:2012
3356:2012
3292:2014
3266:2013
3234:2023
3156:2013
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2829:2023
2808:2023
2735:2023
2710:2018
2681:2014
2624:ISBN
2545:2018
2513:ISSN
2399:2011
2327:2023
2299:2014
2273:PMID
2208:2019
2164:2012
2138:2016
2113:2023
2088:2008
1950:ISSN
1883:2010
1845:2017
1819:2017
1784:SSRN
1750:2010
1636:Laws
1335:The
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1126:and
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2253:doi
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