34:
418:, they initially formed a moderate alternative to the more extremist elements of Kharijism, and sought to peaceably win over the Umayyad caliphs to their cause. By the second quarter of the eighth century, however, the prospect of a reconciliation with the Umayyads had become increasingly unlikely, and radical elements among the Ibadis eventually steered the sect toward active resistance against the ruling government. The Ibadis of Basra under
482:. Abdallah informed him that he approved of his cause and enjoyed the obedience of his people, and convinced Abu Hamzah to come with him to Hadramawt to preach opposition against Marwan. The Ibadis of Basra, encouraged by the prospect of a revolt in Hadramawt, quickly threw their support behind Abdallah, and numerous Basrans arrived in the region to provide assistance.
579:
of Balj's defeat, and reclaimed the city for the caliph. Abu Hamzah, meanwhile, had retreated south to Mecca with the remaining rebels under his command, but Ibn
Atiyyah soon caught up with and routed him. Abu Hamzah himself died in the battle, together with a significant number of rebels, and the Ibadi position in the Hijaz was destroyed.
578:
with an advance force on his way to Syria. A battle took place between the two sides, which ended with Balj and a large number of his men dead and the
Syrians victorious. Ibn Atiyyah then proceeded to Medina, where the local residents had turned on and killed the Ibadis there after receiving the news
607:
Although the revolt failed to fulfill the Ibadi goal of ultimately supplanting the
Umayyads, it nevertheless marked the attempt of the Ibadis to create their own independent imamate. Over the following decades the Ibadis continued their revolutionary activities and established a number of additional
565:
Having secured control of both Mecca and Medina, the Ibadis next decided to head north to Syria, the former seat of the
Umayyad caliphs. By this time, however, the activities of the rebels had prompted Marwan to take action against them, and a Syrian force of four thousand cavalry was dispatched to
598:
and the coastal regions of the Yemen. Once these were put down, he proceeded to
Hadramawt, where Abdallah's former lieutenant Abdallah ibn Sa'id still led a large group of Ibadis. Ibn Atiyyah began to attack the rebels, but at this point he received a message from Marwan that he had been placed in
467:
During the reign of Marwan II, the Ibadis of Basra dispatched an agent named Abu Hamzah al-Mukhtar ibn Awf al-Azdi to spread their propaganda in Mecca and call on the people there to oppose the
Umayyads. While undertaking his mission in Mecca, Abu Hamzah was approached in 746 by Abdallah ibn Yahya
631:
The strength of the revolt demonstrated the success of the Ibadis in converting the tribes of southern Arabia to their cause. The Ibadis remained a significant force in
Hadramawt after the end of the uprising, and they represented a threat to caliphal security in the region until the reign of the
582:
With the Hijaz now reconquered and controlled by his deputies, Ibn
Atiyyah next headed for the Yemen, intending to combat Abdallah. The latter, receiving word of this advance, set out with a reported thirty thousand men from Sana'a to make his stand against the Syrians. The opposing forces met at
401:
Although the revolt failed to create a permanent Ibadi imamate, the sect was able to achieve some limited victories. As a result of the uprising, the Ibadis were allowed to retain their effective autonomy in
Hadramawt, and they were to remain an influential force in southern Arabia for the next
430:
for their operations and training teams of adherents for missionary work. These teams were dispatched to the various provinces of the caliphate, where they were tasked with spreading Ibadi propaganda and creating enough support to ultimately facilitate a revolution against the
Umayyads.
458:
which put a complete end to the Umayyad Caliphate. The relative weakness of the Umayyads, along with their preoccupation with threats on multiple fronts, made the final years of their rule an ideal time for groups such as the Ibadis to attempt their own revolts against the dynasty.
623:
The revolt also forced the already beleaguered Umayyad government to expend men and resources on a long and costly expedition in order to suppress it. This reduced the caliph's available military power and further weakened the dynasty in the face of the ongoing
509:
and forced to retreat back to Sana'a. The Ibadis soon reached the town and a second battle occurred, which ended with al-Qasim fleeing and many of the defenders killed; they then entered Sana'a and seized its wealth, and the town came under Abdallah's control.
570:
was placed in command of the expedition and was ordered by the caliph to move quickly against Abu Hamzah and Balj; if he succeeded in retaking the Hijaz, he was instructed to proceed to the Yemen and fight against Abdallah ibn Yahya as well.
1127:(2013). "Slaves and Silver across the Strait of Gibraltar: Politics and Trade between Umayyad Iberia and Kharijite North Africa". In Liang, Yuen-Gen; Balbale, Abagail Krasner; Devereux, Andrew; Gomez-Rivas, Camillo (eds.).
419:
542:
538:, offered no resistance to the rebels, and Abu Hamzah was able to lead the pilgrimage on Abdallah's behalf. Abd al-Wahid then departed for Medina, allowing the Ibadis to enter Mecca without a struggle.
181:
567:
391:
110:
599:
charge of the pilgrimage for that year, necessitating his return to Mecca. Seeing no other choice, he quickly made peace with the Ibadis without defeating them, and departed from the region.
636:(r. 754–775). In 944 the majority of the Hadrami population was still considered to be adherents of Ibadism, and the sect likely remained influential in the province until the rise of the
587:, and after a long battle Ibn Atiyyah achieved another victory, killing Abdallah and defeating the Ibadis. Abdallah's head was sent to Marwan and Sana'a was reoccupied by Ibn Atiyyah.
502:
486:
446:
sapped the strength of the regime, and undermined its ability to deal with the outbreak of several rebellions throughout the provinces of the empire. The last Umayyad caliph
174:
545:; at the same time, Abu Hamzah appointed a deputy over Mecca and began his own advance to the north, with Balj leading his vanguard. The Medinese force got as far as
167:
398:
and Sana'a and killed Abdallah ibn Yahya, Abu Hamzah and Balj, but the remaining Ibadis were able to avoid total defeat when Ibn Atiyyah was recalled to Mecca.
553:, were killed, and the survivors fled the battlefield. With the way now clear before him, Abu Hamzah entered Medina in October 747; Abd al-Wahid fled for
1469:
450:(r. 744–750) was forced to spend the first several years of his reign putting down revolts in Syria and Iraq and fighting against his relative
518:
After spending some months in Sana'a, Abdallah dispatched Abu Hamzah and another Basran named Balj ibn Uqbah al-Azdi to take control of the
549:, but there they were attacked by the Ibadis and a complete rout ensued. Many of the Medinese, including Abd al-Aziz and a large number of
1514:
1509:
595:
535:
114:
584:
546:
1309:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVIII: The ʿAbbāsid Authority Affirmed: The Early Years of al-Mansūr, A.D. 753–763/A.H. 136–145
505:, attempted to stop the rebel offensive by marching against them with a much larger force, but he was defeated in the region of
1484:
439:
1431:
1317:
1229:
1191:
1138:
541:
Following Abd al-Wahid's arrival in Medina, the local army was organized and sent to fight the rebels under the command of
1409:
1273:
1169:
438:
in 743, the Umayyads were beset by a series of disorders which posed a serious threat to their continued rule over the
299:
1373:
1114:
608:
movements throughout the Muslim world. Several of these eventually ended in long term gains for the sect, notably in
319:
281:
1464:
314:
935:, p. 51, Abu Hamzah was the one at the Wadi al-Qura, and do not mention a second battle in the Hijaz. Also
1338:
1499:
872:
867:, pp. 166. Marwan II was the first Umayyad caliph to rule from outside of Syria, preferring the city of
271:
734:, p. 23, Abu Hamzah gave the oath to allegiance to Abdallah, recognizing him as caliph. See also
1400:
1160:
493:
from the Hadrami and Basran Ibadis and being recognized as imam, he resolved to make an advance on
1479:
1221:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
485:
In 746-7 Abdallah launched his revolt in Hadramawt, where he quickly overcame the local governor
435:
358:
Taking place during the tumultuous last years of Umayyad rule, the revolt initially broke out in
362:
in southern Arabia under the leadership of Abdallah ibn Yahya al-Kindi, who assumed the name of
238:
1260:
1312:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
1303:
443:
228:
590:
Following the death of Abdallah, Ibn Atiyyah was forced to spend some time dealing with two
1504:
1474:
530:, and informed the pilgrims of their opposition to the Umayyads. The governor of Mecca and
375:
233:
135:
574:
Ibn Atiyyah accordingly made his way south until he encountered Balj, who had reached the
8:
1239:
451:
1404:
625:
455:
442:. Infighting among the members of the Umayyad dynasty and tribal rivalries between the
410:
The Ibadis were members of a Kharijite sect formed in the seventh century. Centered in
309:
304:
266:
1427:
1423:
1369:
1334:
1313:
1291:
1287:
1225:
1187:
1183:
1134:
1110:
506:
352:
348:
218:
159:
92:
1357:(in French). Ed. and Trans. Charles Barbier de Meynard. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
995:, pp. 166–67. Ibn Atiyyah was killed on the return journey by a tribal cohort;
1419:
1392:
1384:
1283:
1252:
1201:
1179:
1152:
637:
617:
276:
148:
139:
127:
1445:
1388:
1363:
1352:
1328:
1307:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1128:
1104:
292:
78:
Umayyad victory in the Hijaz and the Yemen; continued Ibadi presence in Hadramawt
1396:
1268:
1264:
1164:
1156:
1096:
324:
249:
1458:
1441:
1295:
1256:
1148:
554:
387:
363:
351:. It established the first Ibadi imamate, a short-lived state located in the
243:
123:
1494:
1489:
1100:
575:
286:
213:
1124:
612:, where two Ibadi imamates (750–752 and 793–893) were formed, and in the
427:
254:
208:
38:
Map of Arabia under the Umayyads, showing the key locations of the revolt
25:
33:
479:
359:
203:
59:
1348:
633:
494:
490:
447:
367:
223:
823:
During his occupation of the Hijaz, Abu Hamzah preached one or more
489:
and secured his hold over the region. After formally receiving the
344:
1130:
Spanning the Strait: Studies in Unity in the Western Mediterranean
1365:
Revolt: The Social and Military Aspects of the Abbasid Revolution
1106:
God's Caliph: Religious authority in the first centuries of Islam
824:
613:
550:
501:, and set out with two thousand of his men. The town's governor,
423:
1058:
1022:
868:
591:
531:
383:
1330:
The Yemen in Early Islam (9-233/630-847): A Political History
523:
519:
498:
411:
395:
379:
371:
341:
97:
67:
63:
677:
609:
527:
474:
415:
378:
and Balj ibn Uqbah al-Azdi, seize control of the cities of
422:
began planning for the establishment of a universal Ibadi
649:
1010:
189:
1034:
1238:
1046:
984:
952:
920:
888:
852:
840:
795:
763:
747:
719:
703:
386:and threaten the traditional Umayyad power base of
827:, which were preserved by several historians. See
347:uprising that occurred in ca. 747–748 against the
513:
1456:
1440:
1347:
1080:
1004:
988:
968:
964:
936:
924:
904:
900:
860:
811:
807:
779:
775:
1326:
1064:
992:
972:
940:
908:
864:
783:
751:
723:
707:
683:
175:
1200:
1000:
960:
932:
896:
856:
836:
803:
771:
731:
699:
1327:Al-Mad'aj, Abd al-Muhsin Mad'aj M. (1988).
120:Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Amr ibn Uthman
1410:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1274:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1170:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1095:
828:
735:
536:Abd al-Wahid ibn Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
182:
168:
115:Abd al-Wahid ibn Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
1418:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 336–340.
1302:
1282:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 648–660.
1178:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 623–625.
1109:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
996:
956:
928:
892:
832:
799:
767:
727:
695:
462:
1470:Rebellions against the Umayyad Caliphate
394:eventually restored Umayyad rule in the
1250:
1214:
1147:
1028:
1016:
876:
671:
667:
655:
628:, which overthrew the Umayyads in 750.
557:, and the city fell to the Kharijites.
472:("The Seeker of Justice"), who was the
1457:
1361:
1210:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-'Ilmiyyah.
1123:
1052:
1040:
1382:
1242:(1985). al-Umari, Akram Diya' (ed.).
1076:
568:Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Atiyyah
392:Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Atiyyah
376:Abu Hamzah al-Mukhtar ibn Awf al-Azdi
163:
136:Abu Hamzah al-Mukhtar ibn Awf al-Azdi
111:Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Atiyyah
1368:. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University.
1224:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
566:dislodge the Ibadis from the Hijaz.
560:
454:, and was ultimately deposed by the
1246:(in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah.
1244:Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed
13:
14:
1526:
1515:Hejaz under the Umayyad Caliphate
1510:Yemen under the Umayyad Caliphate
1450:(in Arabic). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
366:. The rebels were able to occupy
1442:Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub
1424:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1405
1288:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0307
1184:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4980
1133:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV.
726:, pp. 165–66. According to
543:Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Amr
272:Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul
32:
1444:(1883). Houtsma, M. Th. (ed.).
1354:Les Prairies D'Or, Tome Sixieme
1070:
978:
946:
927:, pp. 66–67. According to
914:
882:
846:
526:in August 747, in time for the
374:and then, under the command of
817:
789:
757:
741:
713:
689:
661:
514:Occupation of Mecca and Medina
229:Revolt of Yazid b. al-Muhallab
1:
1485:740s in the Umayyad Caliphate
1349:Al-Mas'udi, Ali ibn al-Husain
1207:Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Vol. 5
1089:
640:in the mid-eleventh century.
405:
320:Kharijite Rebellion (866–896)
503:al-Qasim ibn Umar al-Thaqafi
487:Ibrahim ibn Jabalah al-Kindi
147:Balj ibn Uqbah al-Azdi
118:Al-Qasim ibn Umar al-Thaqafi
7:
835:, pp. 113–14, 115–17;
620:lasted for over a century.
10:
1531:
234:Revolt of Harith b. Surayj
1202:Ibn al-Athir, 'Izz al-Din
985:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
953:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
921:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
889:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
853:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
841:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
796:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
764:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
748:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
720:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
704:Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985
602:
594:uprisings in the area of
199:
104:
86:
42:
31:
23:
18:
1333:. London: Ithaca Press.
1031:, pp. 652, 653 ff..
643:
497:, the chief town of the
282:Qays–Yaman war (793–796)
219:Revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath
436:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
434:Following the death of
390:. A Syrian army led by
1465:8th-century rebellions
1362:Sharon, Moshe (1990).
1304:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen
931:, pp. 118–20 and
829:Crone & Hinds 1986
736:Crone & Hinds 1986
632:second Abbasid caliph
463:Outbreak of the revolt
105:Commanders and leaders
239:Revolt of Zayd b. Ali
1500:Kharijite rebellions
1383:Smith, G.R. (2004).
1251:Lewicki, T. (1971).
1240:Khalifah ibn Khayyat
670:, pp. 112 ff.;
193:the early Caliphates
999:, pp. 120–21;
923:, pp. 393–94;
831:, pp. 129–31;
802:, pp. 112–18;
798:, pp. 391–93;
778:, pp. 405–06;
750:, pp. 384–85;
738:, p. 12 n. 16.
674:, pp. 623–624.
452:Sulayman ibn Hisham
402:several centuries.
224:Revolt of al-Ashdaq
1067:, pp. 185–86.
843:, pp. 385–87.
806:, pp. 49–51;
774:, pp. 39–40;
770:, pp. 90–92;
754:, pp. 165–66.
658:, pp. 648–50.
626:Abbasid Revolution
522:. They arrived at
491:oath of allegiance
456:Abbasid Revolution
310:Anarchy at Samarra
305:Bashmurian revolts
267:Abbasid Revolution
1447:Historiae, Vol. 2
1433:978-90-04-13974-9
1319:978-0-7914-1895-6
1231:978-0-582-40525-7
1193:978-90-04-08112-3
1140:978-90-04-25663-7
1001:Ibn al-Athir 1987
961:Ibn al-Athir 1987
933:Ibn al-Athir 1987
897:Ibn al-Athir 1987
857:Ibn al-Athir 1987
837:Ibn al-Athir 1987
804:Ibn al-Athir 1987
772:Ibn al-Athir 1987
732:Ibn al-Athir 1987
730:, p. 53 and
700:Ibn al-Athir 1987
561:End of the revolt
528:pilgrimage season
468:al-Kindi, called
353:Arabian Peninsula
349:Umayyad Caliphate
333:
332:
158:
157:
93:Umayyad Caliphate
82:
81:
1522:
1451:
1437:
1405:Heinrichs, W. P.
1379:
1358:
1344:
1323:
1299:
1247:
1235:
1211:
1197:
1144:
1120:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
982:
976:
950:
944:
918:
912:
886:
880:
850:
844:
821:
815:
793:
787:
761:
755:
745:
739:
717:
711:
693:
687:
681:
675:
665:
659:
653:
638:Sulayhid dynasty
618:Rustamid dynasty
440:Muslim community
277:Battle of Fakhkh
194:
184:
177:
170:
161:
160:
153:
144:
132:
44:
43:
36:
16:
15:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1455:
1454:
1434:
1397:Bosworth, C. E.
1376:
1341:
1320:
1232:
1194:
1157:Bosworth, C. E.
1141:
1117:
1097:Crone, Patricia
1092:
1087:
1081:Al-Mas'udi 1871
1079:, p. 338;
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1005:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
989:Al-Mas'udi 1871
987:, p. 394;
983:
979:
975:, pp. 166.
969:Al-Mas'udi 1871
967:, p. 406;
965:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
959:, p. 120;
955:, p. 394;
951:
947:
943:, pp. 166.
939:, p. 406;
937:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
925:Al-Mas'udi 1871
919:
915:
911:, pp. 166.
905:Al-Mas'udi 1871
903:, p. 406;
901:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
895:, p. 118;
891:, p. 393;
887:
883:
863:, p. 406;
861:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
855:, p. 393;
851:
847:
822:
818:
812:Al-Mas'udi 1871
810:, p. 406;
808:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
794:
790:
786:, pp. 166.
780:Al-Mas'udi 1871
776:Al-Ya'qubi 1883
766:, p. 385;
762:
758:
746:
742:
722:, p. 384;
718:
714:
706:, p. 384;
694:
690:
682:
678:
666:
662:
654:
650:
646:
605:
563:
516:
465:
408:
334:
329:
195:
192:
190:
188:
149:
146:
140:
134:
128:
119:
117:
113:
70:
37:
12:
11:
5:
1528:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:740s conflicts
1477:
1472:
1467:
1453:
1452:
1438:
1432:
1401:van Donzel, E.
1389:Bearman, P. J.
1380:
1374:
1359:
1345:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1306:, ed. (1995).
1300:
1248:
1236:
1230:
1212:
1198:
1192:
1161:van Donzel, E.
1145:
1139:
1121:
1115:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1069:
1065:Al-Mad'aj 1988
1057:
1045:
1043:, p. 152.
1033:
1021:
1019:, p. 651.
1009:
1007:, p. 406.
1003:, p. 52;
997:Al-Tabari 1985
993:Al-Mad'aj 1988
991:, p. 67;
977:
973:Al-Mad'aj 1988
971:, p. 67;
963:, p. 51;
957:Al-Tabari 1985
945:
941:Al-Mad'aj 1988
929:Al-Tabari 1985
913:
909:Al-Mad'aj 1988
907:, p. 66;
899:, p. 51;
893:Al-Tabari 1985
881:
879:, p. 624.
865:Al-Mad'aj 1988
859:, p. 51;
845:
839:, p. 50;
833:Al-Tabari 1985
816:
800:Al-Tabari 1985
788:
784:Al-Mad'aj 1988
782:, p. 66;
768:Al-Tabari 1985
756:
752:Al-Mad'aj 1988
740:
728:Al-Tabari 1985
724:Al-Mad'aj 1988
712:
710:, p. 165.
708:Al-Mad'aj 1988
702:, p. 23;
698:, p. 53;
696:Al-Tabari 1985
688:
686:, p. 165.
684:Al-Mad'aj 1988
676:
660:
647:
645:
642:
604:
601:
562:
559:
515:
512:
464:
461:
444:Qays and Yaman
407:
404:
331:
330:
328:
327:
325:Zanj Rebellion
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
296:
295:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
263:
262:
252:
250:Yahya ibn Zayd
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
200:
197:
196:
191:Civil wars of
187:
186:
179:
172:
164:
156:
155:
121:
107:
106:
102:
101:
95:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
58:
56:
52:
51:
50:ca. 747–748 AD
48:
40:
39:
29:
28:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
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1503:
1501:
1498:
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1491:
1488:
1486:
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1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
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1462:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Bianquis, Th.
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1375:965-223-388-9
1371:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
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1332:
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1325:
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1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:Ménage, V. L.
1258:
1254:
1253:"Al-Ibadiyya"
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:Kennedy, Hugh
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:Hawting, G.R.
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:0-521-32185-9
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:Hinds, Martin
1098:
1094:
1093:
1083:, p. 67.
1082:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1055:, p. 48.
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
820:
814:, p. 66.
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
753:
749:
744:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
685:
680:
673:
669:
664:
657:
652:
648:
641:
639:
635:
629:
627:
621:
619:
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611:
600:
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586:
580:
577:
572:
569:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:Talib al-Haqq
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:Talib al-Haqq
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
343:
339:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
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308:
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278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
261:
258:
257:
256:
253:
251:
247:
245:
244:Berber Revolt
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
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185:
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178:
173:
171:
166:
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137:
133:
131:
125:
124:Talib al-Haqq
122:
116:
112:
109:
108:
103:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
85:
77:
74:
73:
69:
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61:
57:
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53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
35:
30:
27:
22:
17:
1446:
1415:
1408:
1364:
1353:
1329:
1308:
1279:
1272:
1243:
1220:
1206:
1175:
1168:
1129:
1125:Gaiser, Adam
1105:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1029:Lewicki 1971
1024:
1017:Lewicki 1971
1012:
980:
948:
916:
884:
877:Hawting 1991
848:
819:
791:
759:
743:
715:
691:
679:
672:Hawting 1991
668:Kennedy 2004
663:
656:Lewicki 1971
651:
630:
622:
616:, where the
606:
589:
581:
576:Wadi al-Qura
573:
564:
540:
517:
484:
473:
469:
466:
433:
426:, forming a
414:in southern
409:
400:
357:
338:Ibadi revolt
337:
335:
293:Abu'l-Saraya
287:Fourth Fitna
260:Ibadi revolt
259:
214:Second Fitna
150:
141:
129:
87:Belligerents
24:Part of the
19:Ibadi revolt
1505:Third Fitna
1475:Ibadi Islam
1414:Volume XII:
1385:"Hadramawt"
1278:Volume III:
1269:Schacht, J.
1265:Pellat, Ch.
1165:Pellat, Ch.
1153:"Marwan II"
1053:Gaiser 2013
1041:Sharon 1990
420:Abu Ubaydah
315:Fifth Fitna
300:East Africa
255:Third Fitna
209:First Fitna
26:Third Fitna
1459:Categories
1416:Supplement
1340:0863721028
1174:Volume VI:
1090:References
1077:Smith 2004
406:Background
291:Revolt of
248:Revolt of
204:Ridda Wars
1296:495469525
1257:Lewis, B.
875:instead;
634:al-Mansur
480:Hadramawt
448:Marwan II
360:Hadramawt
345:Kharijite
60:Hadramawt
1407:(eds.).
1351:(1871).
1271:(eds.).
1218:(2004).
1204:(1987).
1176:Mahk–Mid
1167:(eds.).
1151:(1991).
1103:(1986).
596:al-Janad
428:treasury
66:and the
55:Location
871:in the
825:sermons
614:Maghreb
592:Himyari
551:Quraysh
424:imamate
340:was an
151:†
142:†
130:†
1430:
1403:&
1372:
1337:
1316:
1294:
1280:H–Iram
1267:&
1228:
1190:
1163:&
1137:
1113:
873:Jazira
869:Harran
603:Legacy
585:Jurash
547:Qudayd
532:Medina
495:Sana'a
384:Medina
368:Sana'a
138:
126:
100:rebels
75:Result
1387:. In
1255:. In
1155:. In
644:Notes
555:Syria
524:Mecca
520:Hijaz
507:Abyan
499:Yemen
412:Basra
396:Hijaz
388:Syria
380:Mecca
372:Yemen
342:Ibadi
98:Ibadi
68:Hijaz
64:Yemen
1428:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1292:OCLC
1226:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1111:ISBN
610:Oman
475:qadi
416:Iraq
382:and
336:The
47:Date
1495:748
1490:747
1420:doi
1284:doi
1180:doi
478:of
370:in
1461::
1426:.
1412:.
1399:;
1395:;
1391:;
1290:.
1276:.
1263:;
1259:;
1186:.
1172:.
1159:;
1099:;
534:,
355:.
62:,
1436:.
1422::
1378:.
1343:.
1322:.
1298:.
1286::
1234:.
1196:.
1182::
1143:.
1119:.
183:e
176:t
169:v
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