710:(Lempel-Ziv-Jeff-Heath) adaptive data compression developed by Hughes Electronics for its DirecPC satellite Internet, and incorporated into the v.92 dial-up modem standard. V.44 offers somewhat better compression performance for certain types of data than the V.42bis standard, on average allowing 15% greater throughput. For instance, a 53.3 kbit/s connection with V.44 can transmit up to 53.3×6 = 320 kbit/s using pure text. In reality, the overall data rate rarely exceeds 3:1 compression (~150 kbit/s). The compression tends to get better and worse over time due to noise on the line, or due to the transfer of already-compressed files (ZIP files, JPEG images, MP3 audio, MPEG video). At some points the modem will be sending compressed files at 53 kbit/s, uncompressed files at 160 kbit/s, and pure text at 320 kbit/s, or any value in between.
501:, allowing up to 14.4 kbit/s bidirectional data transfer. Other additional defined data transfer rates are 12.0 kbit/s, 9.6 kbit/s, 7.2 kbit/s, and 4.8 kbit/s. The standard was extended by several modem manufacturers to allow bidirectional data transfer rates of 19.2 kbit/s, but never ratified as a V.32
679:
is an error correction protocol. Its function is to allow the receiver to immediately request re-transmission of any lost data packets. However, it does not guarantee how quickly the error-free data will be delivered to the receiving end. V.42 is generally included in dialup modems. It also defines
552:
is an updated ITU-T recommendation for a modem, building on the V.34 standard but allowing up to 33.6 kbit/s bidirectional data transfer. Other additional defined data transfer rates are 31.2 kbit/s, as well as all the permitted V.34 rates. Modems implementing this standard were often
159:
Procedures for the identification and selection of common modes of operation between data circuit-terminating equipments (DCEs) and between data terminal equipments (DTEs) over the public switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point telephone-type
637:. Max speed is 2 Mbit/s and synchronous only. Withdrawn ITU-T recommendation for 48 kbit/s data transmission over wideband circuits. The physical and electrical characteristics of this interface are now specified in ITU-T recommendation V.11.
578:, many modem companies introduced models based on upcoming V-series standards before they reached final ratification. In other cases, companies introduced non-standard systems but gave them ITU-like names.
1007:"V.32bis : A duplex modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 14 400 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits"
615:
to introduce a 28.8 kbit/s standard while the V.34 efforts dragged on. V.FC was not compatible with V.34, although most V.34 modems could support V.FC, notably, those using
Rockwell chipsets.
593:. It was based on V.32bis and did little other than increase the data rate. V.32ter is compatible with V.32bis at speeds of 14.4 kbit/s and lower, but it is not compatible with V.34 at 19.2.
542:. Other additional defined data transfer rates are 24.0 kbit/s and 19.2 kbit/s as well as all the permitted V.32 and V.32bis rates. Additionally, V.34 modems employ shell mapping as
983:"V.32 : A family of 2-wire, duplex modems operating at data signalling rates of up to 9600 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased telephone-type circuits"
1206:
1090:"V.34: A modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 33 600 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits"
1066:"V.34: A modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 33 600 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits"
1042:"V.34: a modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 28 800 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits"
786:
A digital modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 64 000 bit/s for use on a 4-wire circuit switched connection and on leased point-to-point 4-wire digital circuits
188:/s. It can interwork with V.28, provided it is not exposed to signals greater than 12 volts. Used with the 37-pin ISO 4902 connector, it is compatible with EIA
1151:
834:
is an ITU-T recommendation for using terminal adaptor functions for the connection of terminals having interfaces conforming to V-series to the
1440:
111:
General structure of signals of
International Alphabet No. 5 code for character oriented data transmission over public telephone networks.
1489:
1777:
812:
download, 48 kbit/s upload rates, and the new V.44 compression method. It is intended to succeed the V.90 standards. With V.92,
694:
dynamic dictionary approach, and may go to "transparent mode," in which data is transmitted uncompressed. The specific algorithm is "
1509:
1405:
1315:
1239:
707:
695:
1435:
1248:
184:
is an ITU-T recommendation, first agreed in 1976, for unbalanced electrical circuits for data communication at up to 100
443:
is an ITU-T recommendation defining the electrical characteristics for unbalanced double-current interchange circuits.
200:
is an ITU-T recommendation, first agreed in 1976, for balanced electrical circuits for data communication at up to 10
1125:
770:) and was designed to allow modems from both prior standards to be flash upgraded to support it. It is also known as
120:
Standardization of data signalling rates for synchronous data transmission in the general switched telephone network.
919:
A 128 (144) kbit/s data circuit-terminating equipment standardized for use on digital point-to-point leased circuits
563:
commonly rendered as V.34bis, is a further update to V.34 which corrected some errata in the original 1996 document.
816:
is used for both the upstream and downstream connections; previously 56K modems only used PCM for downstream data.
1504:
333:
1155:
899:, originally known as V.25ter, is an ITU-T recommendation for serial asynchronous automatic dialing and control.
1850:
1325:
1284:
1279:
479:
on a two-wire circuit, allowing bidirectional data transfer at either 9.6 kbit/s or 4.8 kbit/s at a
1770:
1029:
130:
Standardization of data signalling rates for synchronous data transmission on leased telephone-type circuits.
1745:
1819:
1605:
1360:
931:
608:
264:
1855:
1232:
937:
775:
362:
296:
252:
525:
on a 4-wire point-to-point leased line allowing bidirectional data transfer at either 14.4 kbit/s.
17:
1690:
1499:
1763:
1270:
93:
Equivalence between binary notation symbols and the significant conditions of a two-condition code.
1201:
1176:
Supplement (04/95) to
Recommendation V.25ter - Serial asynchronous automatic dialling and control
670:
149:
Procedures for starting sessions of data transmission over the public switched telephone network.
774:
as it was anticipated to be the last standard for modems operating near the channel capacity of
1610:
1225:
778:
lines to be developed. V.90 is generally used in concert with the V.42bis compression standard.
374:
1600:
1190:
813:
575:
1824:
1514:
1112:
647:
called Modems For
Synchronous Data Transmission Using 60–108 kHz Group Band Circuits.
8:
1590:
1482:
1465:
1460:
763:
680:
the ITU-T standard CRC-32 polynomial as x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+1, and includes the
1175:
762:
digital download and 33.6 kbit/s analog upload. It replaced two vendor standards (
536:
454:
434:
308:
227:
151:
It has been superseded three times. The current version was approved in
November 2000.
741:
1755:
1006:
767:
1625:
590:
245:
is an ITU-T recommendation for operation and interworking of text telephone devices
1217:
1845:
1695:
1089:
1065:
1041:
982:
698:" (British Telecom Lempel Ziv), which was developed by Alan Clark (then with BT).
453:, allowing 4.8 kbit/s, 7.2 kbit/s and 9.6 kbit/s transfer modes (
162:
It has been superseded twice. The current version was approved in
November 2000.
62:
suffixes are ITU-T standard designators of successive iterations of a standard (
1710:
1705:
213:
205:
140:
Definitions of terms concerning data communication over the telephone network.
1839:
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1700:
543:
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275:
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58:
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1207:
Technical information on the LZJH algorithm in use in the V.44 standard
792:
691:
539:
403:
377:
357:
311:
267:
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180:
860:
is an ITU-T recommendation for using Voice-Band Data over IP Networks.
714:
1809:
1730:
759:
644:
634:
505:
standard. These non-ITU-T standard modems were often referred to as "
323:
147:
is an ITU-T recommendation, first approved in
September 1994, titled
961:
535:, allowing up to 28.8 kbit/s bidirectional data transfer using
917:
is an ITU-T recommendation, first approved in
January 1997, titled
612:
332:
is an ITU-T recommendation extending V.22 with a faster rate using
286:
157:
is an ITU-T recommendation, first approved in August 1996, titled
1555:
1550:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1195:
748:
standard point-to-point video telephony over regular phone lines.
209:
201:
185:
1814:
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1519:
408:
234:
189:
128:
was an ITU-T recommendation, approved in
November 1988, titled
118:
was an ITU-T recommendation, approved in
November 1988, titled
878:
is an ITU-T recommendation, approved in November 1988, titled
690:, also an adaptive data compression standard, is based on the
138:
is an ITU-T recommendation, approved in November 1988, titled
109:
is an ITU-T recommendation, approved in November 1988, titled
100:
is an ITU-T recommendation, approved in November 1988, titled
1787:
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respectively. An optional 75 baud reverse channel carries 75
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880:
General data communications interface layer 1 specification.
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is a code-independent error control system. It defines the
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for short, was a 19.2 kbit/s standard introduced by
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223:
102:
Power levels for data transmission over telephone lines.
844:
is an alternative to V.110 based on the LAPD protocol.
1785:
865:
Interface layer specifications for data communication
651:
1247:
820:
715:
Simultaneous transmission of data and other signals
1123:
168:
1837:
1030:Vendors rallying around high-speed modem scheme
962:"Data communication over the telephone network"
643:is an ITU-T standard located on layer 2 on the
633:is an ITU-T standard located on layer 1 on the
531:is an ITU-T recommendation (superseded) for a
351:. The 1200 bit/s mode is compatible with V.22.
204:/s. Used with the 37-pin ISO 4902 connector ("
1771:
1233:
216:") is recommended for data network interface.
36:Data communication over the telephone network
1214: – V.22, V.22bis & V.32 handshakes
38:specify the protocols that govern approved
1778:
1764:
1240:
1226:
1124:Willdig, Karl; Patrik Chen (August 1994).
734:Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data (DSVD)
1152:"Modem compression: V.44 against V.42bis"
903:
728:Analog Simultaneous Voice and Data (ASVD)
1149:
42:communication standards and interfaces.
850:is an ITU-T recommendation for using a
14:
1838:
1266:List of ITU-T V-series recommendations
950:
744:. It is generally compatibilized with
1759:
1221:
956:
885:
91:is an ITU-T recommendation, entitled
1198: – Includes pinouts and history
1126:"What You Need to Know about Modems"
77:
802:Enhancements to Recommendation V.90
569:
24:
1212:Basic handshakes & modulations
652:Error control and data compression
619:
449:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
285:. It is a variant of the original
212:. The 15-pin ISO 4903 connector ("
25:
1867:
1746:All articles beginning with "ITU"
1520:G.9700, G.9701, G.9710 and G.9711
1184:
754:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
517:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
497:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
467:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
426:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
222:is an ITU-T recommendation for a
1154:. Pricenfees.com. Archived from
821:Interworking with other networks
433:, allowing 2400 and 4800 bit/s (
1191:ITU-T Recommendations: V Series
1169:
1143:
361:is an ITU-T recommendation for
295:is an ITU-T recommendation for
251:is an ITU-T recommendation for
169:Interfaces and voiceband modems
1800:ITU-T V-series recommendations
1285:Category:ITU-T recommendations
1280:Category:ITU-R recommendations
1150:Mitronov, Pavel (2001-06-29).
1117:
1106:
1082:
1058:
1034:
1023:
999:
975:
546:to reduce the transmit power.
506:
13:
1:
943:
932:Microcom Networking Protocols
603:and sometimes referred to as
318:to carry data at 1200 or 600
265:audio frequency-shift keying
132:It has been withdrawn since.
122:It has been withdrawn since.
7:
1251:recommendations (standards)
938:List of interface bit rates
925:
673:polynomial as x + x + x + 1
553:marketed under the moniker
74:for "twice" and "thrice").
10:
1872:
418:
365:communication between two
299:communication between two
255:communication between two
208:"), it is compatible with
1795:
1739:
1691:ITU-R 468 noise weighting
1683:
1644:
1543:
1293:
1256:
411:which also includes V.28.
322:. It is a variant of the
1271:List of ITU letter codes
475:on a 4-wire circuit, or
32:V-Series Recommendations
800:recommendation, titled
491:of the V.22 standards.
909:Applies to V.300–V.399
904:Digital circuit modems
891:Applies to V.250–V.299
870:Applies to V.200–V.249
826:Applies to V.100–V.199
1851:ITU-T recommendations
804:, that establishes a
576:first-mover advantage
391:at up to 600 or 1200
380:at up to 600 or 1200
70:are derived from the
1825:Hayes AT command set
720:Applies to V.60–V.99
657:Applies to V.40–V.49
625:Applies to V.35–V.39
174:Applies to V.10–V.34
1196:V.35 Technical Info
788:, published in 1999
607:, was developed by
487:instead of the 600
326:modulation format.
1856:Lists of standards
1786:Telephone network
1591:H.262/MPEG-2 Video
886:Control procedures
808:standard allowing
684:framing protocol.
289:modulation format.
83:Applies to V.1–V.9
1833:
1832:
1753:
1752:
1606:H.265/MPEG-H HEVC
854:over IP networks.
742:videoconferencing
591:AT&T Paradyne
574:In order to gain
407:is referenced as
78:General standards
16:(Redirected from
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1773:
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1748:
1626:H.323 Gatekeeper
1611:H.266/MPEG-I VVC
1601:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
1544:H series (ITU-T)
1294:G series (ITU-T)
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1128:. Archived from
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495:V.32bis (02/91)
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1158:on 2017-02-02
1157:
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1132:on 2007-01-04
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521:operating as
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478:
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471:operating as
470:
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461:modulations).
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1721:ITU-R BT.709
1716:ITU-R BT.601
1645:
1275:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1171:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:the original
1145:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:the original
1119:
1108:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1084:
1073:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:
1036:
1025:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
1001:
990:. Retrieved
986:
977:
966:. Retrieved
952:
934:(MNP1 to 10)
918:
914:
908:
907:
896:
890:
889:
879:
875:
869:
868:
857:
847:
841:
831:
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824:
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791:
785:
781:
771:
751:
737:
731:
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719:
718:
706:is based on
703:
687:
676:
662:
656:
655:
640:
630:
624:
623:
604:
601:V.Fast Class
600:
599:, short for
596:
586:
582:
573:
561:V.34 (02/98)
560:
554:
550:V.34 (10/96)
549:
544:shaping code
529:V.34 (09/94)
528:
514:
502:
494:
465:V.32 (11/88)
464:
446:
440:
437:modulation).
423:
414:
402:
356:
329:
292:
248:
240:
226:modem using
219:
195:
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173:
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158:
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88:
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67:
63:
57:
51:
46:
45:
44:
35:
28:
26:
1276:Categories:
1094:www.itu.int
1070:www.itu.int
1046:www.itu.int
1011:www.itu.int
987:www.itu.int
758:, allowing
523:full-duplex
481:symbol rate
477:half-duplex
473:full-duplex
428:half-duplex
363:half-duplex
297:full-duplex
253:full-duplex
1840:Categories
1162:2008-03-02
1136:2008-03-02
1099:2020-07-05
1075:2020-07-05
1051:2020-07-05
1016:2020-08-20
992:2020-08-20
968:2008-03-02
944:References
692:Lempel Ziv
540:modulation
378:modulation
312:modulation
268:modulation
231:modulation
18:ITU-T V.29
1790:standards
1742:See also:
810:56 kbit/s
669:standard
645:OSI model
635:OSI model
583:V.32terbo
509:" modems.
507:V.32terbo
483:of 2,400
384:to carry
340:to carry
324:Bell 212A
274:to carry
160:circuits.
1646:V series
1202:V.44 FAQ
926:See also
613:Rockwell
369:dial-up
367:analogue
303:dial-up
301:analogue
287:Bell 103
259:dial-up
257:analogue
1810:K56flex
1648:(ITU-T)
1556:H.225.0
1551:H.222.0
1495:G.993.2
1490:G.993.1
1483:Annex M
1478:G.992.5
1473:G.992.4
1466:Annex L
1461:Annex J
1456:G.992.3
1451:G.992.2
1446:G.992.1
1441:G.991.2
1436:G.991.1
1376:G.723.1
1366:G.729.1
1361:G.722.2
1356:G.722.1
848:V.150.1
764:K56flex
688:V.42bis
587:V.32ter
424:V.27ter
415:V.25ter
386:digital
342:digital
336:at 600
330:V.22bis
314:at 600
281:at 300
276:digital
270:at 300
210:EIA-422
1846:Modems
1535:G.9972
1530:G.9970
1525:G.9960
1515:G.8262
1510:G.7043
1505:G.7042
1500:G.7041
1262:Lists:
1113:"V.FC"
796:is an
772:V.Last
671:CRC-16
605:V.FAST
409:RS-232
373:using
371:modems
307:using
305:modems
263:using
261:modems
235:kbit/s
190:RS-423
155:V.8bis
1788:modem
1684:ITU-R
1636:H.450
1631:H.324
1621:H.323
1616:H.320
1596:H.263
1586:H.261
1581:H.248
1576:H.245
1571:H.241
1566:H.239
1561:H.235
1431:G.988
1426:G.987
1421:G.984
1416:G.983
1411:G.811
1406:G.806
1401:G.798
1396:G.783
1391:G.729
1386:G.728
1381:G.726
1371:G.723
1351:G.722
1346:G.719
1341:G.718
1336:G.711
1331:G.709
1326:G.707
1321:G.706
1316:G.704
1311:G.703
1306:G.165
1301:G.114
964:. ITU
958:ITU-T
915:V.300
897:V.250
876:V.230
858:V.152
852:modem
842:V.120
832:V.110
806:modem
798:ITU-T
756:modem
746:H.324
667:ITU-T
609:Hayes
585:, or
555:V.34+
533:modem
519:modem
499:modem
469:modem
451:modem
431:modem
419:V.250
393:bit/s
349:bit/s
320:bit/s
283:bit/s
214:DA-15
206:DC-37
72:Latin
47:Note:
40:modem
30:ITU-T
1805:V.92
1675:V.92
1670:V.24
1665:V.23
1660:V.11
1655:V.10
836:ISDN
793:V.92
782:V.91
776:POTS
766:and
752:V.90
738:V.80
732:V.70
726:V.61
708:LZJH
704:V.44
696:BTLZ
682:LAPM
677:V.42
663:V.41
641:V.36
631:V.35
611:and
597:V.FC
515:V.33
489:baud
485:baud
457:and
447:V.29
441:V.28
417:see
404:V.24
389:data
382:baud
358:V.23
345:data
338:baud
316:baud
293:V.22
279:data
272:baud
249:V.21
242:V.18
220:V.17
202:Mbit
197:V.11
186:kbit
181:V.10
66:and
56:and
50:the
27:The
1820:MNP
1249:ITU
814:PCM
537:TCM
503:ter
459:QAM
455:PSK
435:PSK
399:/s.
397:bit
375:FSK
334:QAM
309:PSK
228:TCM
224:fax
145:V.8
136:V.7
126:V.6
116:V.5
107:V.4
98:V.2
89:V.1
68:ter
64:bis
59:ter
53:bis
34:on
1842::
1815:X2
1092:.
1068:.
1044:.
1009:.
985:.
784::
768:X2
740::
1779:e
1772:t
1765:v
1241:e
1234:t
1227:v
1165:.
1139:.
1102:.
1078:.
1054:.
1019:.
995:.
971:.
921:.
838:.
557:.
237:.
192:.
20:)
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