406:
these challenges to Mughal authority - this apparent weakness also led banditry to become a prevalent issue in the province. All these resulted in a negative impact on the economy and revenue, as well as a breakdown in the local administration. Aurangzeb reduced Rustam Dil Khan's rank in punishment, and later even removed him from his post. He was returned to his post as effective governor in 1706, as
Aurangzeb found difficulty in appointing officers with experience in the region. Aurangzeb also refused to assign more troops and military resources to Hyderabad Subah, since he needed them for his campaigns in the Deccan. Hence the period began to see an administrative breakdown, as officers of the province began to act in self-preservation rather than in service of the empire.
256:
443:(sarvai Papanna), who had risen to power and status during the war of succession following Aurangzeb's death. Yusuf Khan was able to defeat Papadu, a highly publicized event in the empire. Yusuf Khan went on to deal with other rebellious local chiefs; however, his tenure was financially unstable, as his military campaigns did not yield enough money to fund themselves, and payments to his troops remained in arrears. Yusuf Khan died in 1711, following which the position of governor was empty for a year - it was eventually filled by Ibrahim Khan, but financial insolvency and administrative breakdown only accelerated.
1657:
410:
been building up vast sums of money in the province during
Aurangzeb's reign. When Kam Bakhsh attempted to confiscate this, he was met with resistance from the governor, and so had him executed. Kam Bakhsh in general placed great financial pressure on the province, to secure his position as King of Golconda. However, his brother Shah Alam (recently crowned as Mughal emperor
468:
Hyderabad increasingly acted as a power base for
Mubariz Khan himself, rather than a subah of the empire. A major factor behind this was not just Mubariz Khan's skill as an administrator, but also the decline of the Mughal Empire itself - the imperial centre had deteriorated to the point that it simply could not enforce its authority on Mubariz Khan's activity.
322:(governor) of Hyderabad was Muhammad Ibrahim, a leading general of Golconda who had defected to the Mughals during its conquest of Golconda. Within two months however, Aurangzeb concluded this policy and transported many Golconda officials to other parts of the empire, stationing Mughal officers in their stead; Ruhullah Khan,
479:, governor of the six subahs of the Mughal Deccan. He served this post for the second time in the period 1720–1722, during which time he also began to consolidate his authority in the region. He came at odds with Mubariz Khan, who was a challenge to his authority in Hyderabad subah, but briefly left for Delhi to serve as
284:, a son of Shah Jahan and future emperor, was a key proponent of this, and events in 1656 led to him orchestrating an attack on the Sultanate, which was recalled by his father following a peace agreement. After Aurangzeb himself ascended the throne, he attacked the Golconda Sultanate, leading to the eight-month
795:
The Mughal conquest of
Hyderabad ended the role of the Qutb Shahi sultans as patrons of art in the region. However, the Mughal emperor did not fill this role, as he was absent from Hyderabad - instead, the governor, faujdars, and other Mughal officials became sources of artistic patronage. During the
754:
which had been the predominant taxation system in the
Sultanate era, and instead introduced a tax-collection system that conformed more to Mughal standards; it relied on more centralized revenue assessment and collection in cash, though it was not as bureaucratic or directly enforced as it was in the
501:
The administrative structure of
Hyderabad Subah was similar to other subahs of the Mughal Empire. The province was divided into twenty districts, administered from the capital city of Hyderabad. The capital was home to the governor (subahdar), who was the highest-ranking official in the province; he
405:
he owned in the region. In his stead, Jan Sipar Khan's son Rustam Dil Khan was appointed as deputy, making him the effective governor of the province. Beginning in 1700, Hyderabad Subah faced several raids again by
Marathas, in addition to other local chiefs. Rustam Dil Khan was unable to respond to
492:
In the period following 1724, and before the Nizam died in 1748, Hyderabad seceded from the Mughal empire, as the Deccan increasingly fell under the personal control of the Nizam. Scholars typically date
Hyderabad's independence to 1724 (the year of the Battle of Shakar Kheda) or 1740 (the year the
359:
since the region was no longer protected by the treaties between the
Marathas and the Golconda Sultan. Aurangzeb did not provide much assistance with this, as he was more concerned with political instability in the Hyderabad Karnatik. Hyderabad also faced internal turmoil due to the disobedience of
409:
In 1707, Aurangzeb died, triggering a war of succession. Kam Bakhsh, who with the help of his father had been building authority in
Hyderabad Subah, occupied the region and crowned himself independent king of Golconda. Rustam Dil Khan was confirmed in his old position as governor; however, he had
781:
Many of these changes led Hyderabad Subah to economically recover from the Mughal conquest and become self-financing; however, it did not reach the amount of profitability it had during the Qutb Shahi era. Aurangzeb left many fiscal systems in the region untouched (such as the functioning of the
467:
to pay taxes out of fear, which gave his governorship more security than the preceding ones. As he brought stability to the region, he also began to sever its connections to the empire - he only paid occasional sums to the Mughal central treasury and appointed his own provincial officers. Hence
315:
were made into its own administrative unit, not fully a province. Aurangzeb initially retained many Qutb Shahi officers in their former positions across the province, mostly for propaganda effect, to make the Mughals' authority seem amicable to the old political order. To this end, the first
782:
ports, and mines) to gain enough short-term revenue to finance his armies in the Deccan, losing out on the possibility of implementing a deeper agrarian system in the region similar to other Mughal subahs, and fully utilizing the resources of Hyderabad.
777:
was also put in place in Hyderabad. Diamond mines, which had been the Golconda Sultans' famed source of wealth, had stopped functioning following the conquest of Hyderabad, but in 1692 mining was restarted in service of the Mughals.
816:(Shah Yusuf al-din Qadiri and Shah Sharaf al-din Qadiri) arrived in Hyderabad with Aurangzeb's armies and established a shrine in the capital, which became a sacred site of the city. Additionally, the Mughals brought a degree of
271:, who in 1636 negotiated a deed of submission with the Golconda Sultanate (reigned by the Qutb Shahis), making them tributaries to the Mughals. This was part of a larger imperial project to establish authority in the Deccan; the
302:
Following the annexation of the Golconda Sultanate, its territories were incorporated into the empire. Particularly, Aurangzeb split the Sultanate into two; the main territory of Golconda (twenty districts to the north of the
733:
Mughal Hyderabad saw several fiscal changes, many of which aligned Hyderabad with the rest of the Mughal Empire. Its currency was changed from the local gold standard to the Mughal silver rupee. Aurangzeb imposed the
740:(religious tax on non-Muslims) as part of his annexation, which the Qutb Shahis had never levied, placing a financial burden on non-Muslims but benefitting the empire's tax collection. He went on to discontinue the
279:
was facing similar pressure from the Mughals. Over the next few decades, Shah Jahan maintained this tributary relationship, though under stress from a faction of the court to formally annex the sultanates.
421:
The Mughal hold on Hyderabad was generally tenuous as emperor Bahadur Shah paid more attention to the problematic provinces in the north. The political instability of the previous year made local chiefs,
288:
and Mughal victory in 1687; the Sultanate was incorporated into the Mughal Empire. This was the culmination of Mughal policy in the Deccan, and the fulfilment of a long-standing initiative of Aurangzeb.
1330:
528:
who were stationed across the province; they maintained public order at the district level. The province contained several strategic Qutb Shahi forts, which were each commanded by a Mughal
379:. These factors ushered in a period of relative peace in the province of Hyderabad for the next seven years, as Hyderabad's officials tried to forge conciliatory relationships with the
2713:
796:
era of Hyderabad Subah (1687-1724), Hyderabad remained a leading centre of art; portraiture was very popular, and a new style of painting emerged that combined northern and
170:
145:
418:), had been marching southwards to confront him, and in a decisive battle Kam Bakhsh was killed, continuing Hyderabad's status as a subah of the Mughal Empire.
2693:
1071:"PROBLEMS OF THE DECCAN ADMINISTRATION IN THE LAST DECADE OF AURANGZEB'S REIGN — Based on Explorations in the Inayat Jung Collection of the National Archives"
2688:
768:
367:
who raided and plundered villages. Starting in 1691 however, the governor and other Hyderabad officials began to be able to win battles with these
2006:
426:
and the like to withhold the payment of taxes, leading to a breakdown in provincial administration. Bahadur Shah appointed Yusuf Khan, an
399:
as the new governor. Kam Bakhsh served in absentee, though he maintained an active interest in Hyderabad Subah due to the several wealthy
226:. Hyderabad Subah later began to secede in the 18th century, as the Mughal Empire declined, and became fully independent as part of the
1991:
485:. In 1724, the Nizam returned to the Deccan with the intent of establishing an independent kingdom, and defeated Mubariz Khan in the
1646:
2596:
1946:
1941:
1814:
1495:
2150:
808:
The annexation of Hyderabad led to the import of northern religious strains into Hyderabad; two disciples of popular Delhi
493:
Nizam permanently settled in the Deccan; prior, he would be called to North India intermittently by the Mughal emperor).
2708:
873:
1608:
1582:
2642:
2323:
395:
Jan Sipar Khan served as governor for twelve years, following which he died in office. Aurangzeb appointed his son
2185:
1996:
1961:
1819:
1624:
455:, a Mughal officer with a long tenure in the northern parts of the empire, was appointed to the governorship by
2571:
2488:
2160:
1936:
388:
of the province, to some success. However, the Hyderabad administration was unsuccessful in incorporating the
2703:
2581:
463:
in the province, as well as keep Maratha raids at bay. His practice of military forcefulness compelled these
2525:
1804:
2298:
2195:
1639:
1521:"Auspicious Foundations: The Patronage of Sufi Institutions in the Late Mughal and Early Asaf Jah Deccan"
813:
355:
acted as deputy. During the first four years of its existence, Hyderabad Subah faced continual raids by
2395:
2377:
2165:
1656:
2415:
2114:
2109:
1956:
1824:
1809:
472:
459:, who was now Mughal emperor. An able administrator, he was able to attack and subdue several unruly
255:
227:
87:
439:, as governor of the province. The major campaign of his tenure was countering the notorious bandit
2509:
2104:
2079:
2019:
1986:
1931:
828:, a Shia religious site in Hyderabad city, was desecrated. Another Shiite site in the capital, the
502:
directly represented the emperor and was responsible for political order. The province also had a
2443:
2387:
2216:
2084:
2074:
1966:
515:
who was responsible for maintaining the Mughal cavalry and enforcing the military obligations of
510:
372:
2698:
2420:
2372:
2024:
1632:
486:
100:
2519:
2473:
2435:
476:
2556:
2049:
272:
8:
2337:
2236:
2094:
2069:
1797:
1766:
850:
825:
212:
2400:
2190:
2129:
2099:
2034:
1926:
1776:
1746:
1711:
1548:
1311:
1303:
1184:
1176:
1090:
1051:
1043:
933:
925:
415:
246:
223:
150:
307:) was made into Hyderabad Subah, while the twelve districts south of this (termed the
2662:
2483:
2478:
2458:
2425:
2303:
2231:
2170:
2124:
2119:
2089:
2044:
1614:
1604:
1588:
1578:
1552:
1540:
1501:
1491:
1352:
1315:
1295:
1188:
1168:
1082:
1055:
1035:
937:
917:
427:
285:
276:
260:
250:
74:
2463:
2453:
2288:
2200:
2175:
2145:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2039:
1829:
1532:
1520:
1342:
1287:
1160:
1027:
909:
1536:
2652:
2576:
2561:
2551:
2514:
2448:
2410:
2293:
2268:
2029:
1901:
1792:
1731:
1668:
1654:
797:
352:
216:
163:
1951:
2657:
2647:
2622:
2591:
2504:
2258:
2180:
2155:
2014:
1971:
1756:
1716:
1696:
829:
411:
356:
338:
1291:
913:
2682:
2566:
1976:
1876:
1741:
1736:
1721:
1660:
1544:
1505:
1356:
1299:
1172:
1086:
1039:
921:
389:
304:
204:
34:
1618:
2586:
2405:
2362:
2248:
2241:
2226:
1891:
1866:
1761:
1726:
1592:
1490:. Mark Zebrowski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 210–211.
764:
456:
452:
1485:
2637:
2546:
2357:
2308:
2273:
1896:
1881:
1871:
1861:
1856:
817:
756:
376:
371:. In 1692, the Maratha raids largely came to an end, as the focus of the
337:
In less than a year, Aurangzeb replaced Ruhullah Khan with a noble named
323:
1307:
1275:
1094:
1070:
329:(paymaster) of the empire, was made temporary governor of the province.
2667:
2632:
2612:
2318:
2253:
1981:
1906:
1851:
1751:
1701:
1180:
1148:
1047:
1015:
858:
821:
760:
471:
In 1713, Farrukhsiyar also appointed Chin Qilich Khan (recently titled
396:
268:
929:
897:
267:
The precedent for Hyderabad Subah lies in the reign of Mughal emperor
2627:
2468:
2352:
2313:
1706:
517:
431:
362:
281:
219:
49:
1347:
1276:"At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India"
1164:
1031:
2367:
2221:
1771:
1691:
384:
318:
1414:
1378:
820:
prejudice to the region, which had historically been ruled by the
2283:
1681:
553:
523:
436:
343:
849:
824:
Qutb Shahis. For example, in the aftermath of the conquest, the
2278:
1467:
1465:
809:
749:
481:
440:
208:
1842:
1686:
1676:
1601:
A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives
1368:
1366:
773:
736:
503:
401:
348:
188:
30:
1462:
1450:
1426:
1402:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1195:
1125:
2263:
1363:
1113:
1101:
973:
971:
508:, who was the chief fiscal officer of the province, and a
2714:
States and territories disestablished in the 18th century
995:
983:
857:. Vol. 3. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 – via
1438:
1390:
1255:
1207:
968:
944:
956:
1331:"The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants"
2680:
392:chiefs and warrior class into the Mughal order.
832:shrine, stopped receiving religious patronage.
233:The province was given the official epithet of
521:. Territorial administration was done by nine
215:. It was created in 1687, during the reign of
2694:States and territories disestablished in 1724
1640:
1603:, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,
1487:Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates
237:(House of War) upon annexation by Aurangzeb.
535:
2689:States and territories established in 1687
1647:
1633:
1075:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
259:18th-century painting of Aurangzeb at the
1572:
1471:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1346:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1001:
989:
962:
950:
895:
1840:
1146:
1013:
880:, People's publishing house, p. 178
878:Parties and politics in the Mughal court
254:
1483:
1328:
1273:
871:
2681:
1068:
852:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 3
744:in 1704 in response to Maratha raids.
1628:
1598:
1518:
1142:
1140:
977:
891:
889:
887:
755:Mughal heartland provinces (such as
1149:"The Imperial Crisis in the Deccan"
1016:"The Imperial Crisis in the Deccan"
898:"The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687-1707"
332:
13:
1477:
1137:
414:, after the defeat of his brother
86:• Declaration of Autonomy by
14:
2725:
1575:Mughal Administration in Golconda
884:
564:Muhammadnagar (capital district)
496:
1655:
297:
168:
143:
1952:Suppression of Tilpat rebellion
1599:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2005),
1566:
1512:
1322:
1267:
1062:
747:The Mughals ended tax-farming (
275:had just been annexed, and the
2489:List of tombs of Mughal Empire
1947:Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)
1942:Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)
1007:
874:"'Final days of Mubariz Khan'"
865:
842:
1:
1537:10.1080/02666030.2004.9628637
872:Chandra, Satish, ed. (1972),
835:
541:Districts of Hyderabad Subah
240:
16:Province of the Mughal Empire
1577:, Oxford : Clarendon Press,
1335:The Journal of Asian Studies
1153:The Journal of Asian Studies
1020:The Journal of Asian Studies
446:
24:Golconda Subah, Dar-ul Jihad
7:
1997:Mughal–Portuguese conflicts
1573:Richards, John F. (1975a),
803:
222:, by the annexation of the
10:
2730:
2396:Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad
1274:Faruqui, Munis D. (2009).
785:
728:
560:
292:
244:
2709:History of Andhra Pradesh
2605:
2539:
2497:
2434:
2416:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
2386:
2345:
2336:
2209:
2138:
2005:
1919:
1785:
1667:
1292:10.1017/S0026749X07003290
914:10.1017/S0026749X00004996
896:Richards, J. F. (1975b).
667:
477:viceroyalty of the Deccan
207:encompassing the eastern
184:
122:
118:
114:
110:
97:
84:
71:
67:
59:
55:
45:
40:
29:
21:
1987:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1932:Mughal conquest of Malwa
1484:Michell, George (1999).
1423:, p. 192 & 266.
1387:, p. 138 & 302.
1147:Richards, J. F. (1976).
1014:Richards, J. F. (1976).
536:Administrative divisions
435:and previous faujdar of
203:, was a province of the
1962:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
1329:Leonard, Karen (1971).
1069:Husain, Zakir (2000).
790:
489:with Maratha support.
487:Battle of Shakar Kheda
264:
230:-administered Deccan.
101:Battle of Shakar Kheda
2474:Tomb of Salim Chishti
1957:Ahom–Mughal conflicts
1707:Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)
311:or Hyderabad-Karnatik
309:Karnatik-i-Hyderabadi
258:
245:Further information:
2704:History of Telangana
2436:Tombs and mausoleums
1519:Green, Nile (2004).
1280:Modern Asian Studies
902:Modern Asian Studies
424:zamindars, deshmukhs
273:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
2401:Jama Masjid (Delhi)
1967:Mughal–Maratha wars
1525:South Asian Studies
826:Badshahi Ashurkhana
542:
213:Indian subcontinent
2653:Nizam of Hyderabad
1927:Mughal-Rajput wars
1747:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
1712:Muhammad Azam Shah
1474:, p. 209-214.
1459:, p. 169-173.
1435:, p. 135-138.
1411:, p. 160-161.
1252:, p. 299-305.
1240:, p. 264-265.
1228:, p. 245-263.
1204:, p. 216-235.
1134:, p. 108-134.
980:, p. 157-158.
540:
373:Mughal-Maratha war
265:
247:Golconda Sultanate
224:Golconda Sultanate
151:Golconda Sultanate
2676:
2675:
2663:Kingdom of Mysore
2597:Foreign relations
2535:
2534:
2484:Tomb of Nur Jahan
2479:Tomb of Aurangzeb
2426:Wazir Khan Mosque
2346:Forts and palaces
2332:
2331:
2304:Guru Gobind Singh
2232:Bayazid of Sylhet
1915:
1914:
1815:Foreign relations
1497:978-0-511-46884-1
771:). The system of
726:
725:
286:Siege of Golconda
277:Bijapur Sultanate
261:Siege of Golconda
251:Siege of Golconda
194:
193:
180:
179:
176:
175:
156:
155:
80:12 September 1687
75:Siege of Golconda
2721:
2643:Nawabs of Bengal
2606:Successor states
2510:Shalimar Gardens
2454:Gardens of Babur
2343:
2342:
2289:Lachit Borphukan
2003:
2002:
1992:Mughal–Sikh wars
1937:Gujarat conquest
1838:
1837:
1830:Mughal artillery
1659:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1595:
1557:
1556:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1481:
1475:
1469:
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1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1375:, p. 78-95.
1370:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1122:, p. 78-79.
1117:
1111:
1110:, p. 54-57.
1105:
1099:
1098:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1011:
1005:
1004:, p. 52-53.
999:
993:
992:, p. 35-38.
987:
981:
975:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
941:
893:
882:
881:
869:
863:
862:
856:
846:
543:
539:
333:Mughal Hyderabad
199:, also known as
172:
171:
160:
159:
147:
146:
140:
139:
124:
123:
19:
18:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2648:Nawabs of Awadh
2601:
2582:Persian Mughals
2531:
2515:Achabal Gardens
2493:
2464:Jahangir's Tomb
2449:Bibi Ka Maqbara
2430:
2411:Badshahi Mosque
2382:
2328:
2294:Khushal Khattak
2269:Maharana Pratap
2205:
2134:
2115:Thanesar (1710)
2110:Thanesar (1567)
2001:
1911:
1836:
1781:
1777:Bahadur Shah II
1732:Rafi ud-Darajat
1663:
1653:
1611:
1585:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1517:
1513:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1364:
1348:10.2307/2052461
1327:
1323:
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1268:
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1248:
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1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
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1208:
1200:
1196:
1165:10.2307/2053981
1145:
1138:
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1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1067:
1063:
1032:10.2307/2053981
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
969:
961:
957:
949:
945:
894:
885:
870:
866:
848:
847:
843:
838:
814:Shah Kalimallah
806:
793:
788:
731:
538:
499:
449:
353:Rustam Dil Khan
335:
300:
295:
253:
243:
197:Hyderabad Subah
169:
164:Hyderabad State
144:
106:11 October 1724
103:
90:
77:
25:
22:Hyderabad Subah
17:
12:
11:
5:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Maratha Empire
2620:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Fatehpur Sikri
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Humayun's Tomb
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2421:Sunehri Masjid
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2373:Jahangir Mahal
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:Sher Shah Suri
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:Panipat (1761)
2082:
2080:Panipat (1556)
2077:
2075:Panipat (1526)
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Badli-ki-Serai
2017:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1786:Administration
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:Shah Jahan III
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Bahadur Shah I
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1583:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1511:
1496:
1476:
1472:Richards 1975a
1461:
1457:Richards 1975a
1449:
1447:, p. 209.
1445:Richards 1975a
1437:
1433:Richards 1975a
1425:
1421:Richards 1975a
1413:
1409:Richards 1975a
1401:
1399:, p. 104.
1397:Richards 1975a
1389:
1385:Richards 1975a
1377:
1373:Richards 1975a
1362:
1341:(3): 569–570.
1321:
1266:
1264:, p. 299.
1262:Richards 1975a
1254:
1250:Richards 1975a
1242:
1238:Richards 1975a
1230:
1226:Richards 1975a
1218:
1216:, p. 236.
1214:Richards 1975a
1206:
1202:Richards 1975a
1194:
1159:(2): 250–252.
1136:
1132:Richards 1975a
1124:
1120:Richards 1975a
1112:
1108:Richards 1975a
1100:
1061:
1006:
1002:Richards 1975a
994:
990:Richards 1975a
982:
967:
963:Richards 1975a
955:
953:, p. 260.
951:Richards 1975a
943:
883:
864:
840:
839:
837:
834:
805:
802:
792:
789:
787:
784:
730:
727:
724:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
708:
707:
704:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
679:Machilipatnam
676:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
649:
648:
645:
641:
640:
637:
633:
632:
629:
625:
624:
621:
617:
616:
613:
609:
608:
605:
601:
600:
597:
593:
592:
589:
585:
584:
581:
577:
576:
573:
569:
568:
565:
562:
558:
557:
549:
546:
537:
534:
498:
497:Administration
495:
448:
445:
339:Jan Sipar Khan
334:
331:
299:
296:
294:
291:
242:
239:
217:Mughal emperor
211:region of the
201:Golconda Subah
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
166:
157:
154:
153:
148:
136:
135:
130:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
98:
95:
94:
91:
85:
82:
81:
78:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
27:
26:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2726:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Mughal subahs
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Rajput states
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Carnatic wars
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Shah Jahan IV
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Muhammad Shah
1740:
1738:
1737:Shah Jahan II
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:Jahandar Shah
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:Mughal Empire
1658:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:0-521-25484-1
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:0-19-821561-4
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
972:
965:, p. 50.
964:
959:
952:
947:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
890:
888:
879:
875:
868:
860:
855:
853:
845:
841:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
801:
799:
783:
779:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
745:
743:
739:
738:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:
701:
697:
695:Mustafanagar
694:
693:
689:
687:Murtazanagar
686:
685:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
666:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
650:
646:
643:
642:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
626:
622:
619:
618:
614:
611:
610:
606:
603:
602:
598:
595:
594:
590:
587:
586:
582:
579:
578:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
559:
556:
555:
550:
547:
545:
544:
533:
531:
527:
525:
520:
519:
514:
512:
507:
506:
494:
490:
488:
484:
483:
478:
474:
473:Nizam-ul Mulk
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:
429:
425:
419:
417:
413:
407:
404:
403:
398:
393:
391:
387:
386:
382:
381:zamindars and
378:
374:
370:
366:
364:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
341:, previously
340:
330:
328:
327:
321:
320:
314:
310:
306:
305:Krishna River
298:Establishment
290:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
262:
257:
252:
248:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:Mughal Empire
202:
198:
190:
187:
185:Today part of
183:
167:
165:
162:
161:
158:
152:
149:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
96:
92:
89:
83:
79:
76:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
39:
36:
35:Mughal Empire
32:
28:
20:
2616:
2524:
2520:Shahi Bridge
2444:Akbar's Tomb
2406:Chawk Mosque
2378:Sheesh Mahal
2363:Lalbagh Fort
2338:Architecture
2324:Hector Munro
2299:Josiah Child
2249:Ibrahim Lodi
2242:Pratapaditya
2227:Khwaja Usman
2025:Bhuchar Mori
1886:
1841:
1762:Shah Alam II
1727:Farrukhsiyar
1600:
1574:
1567:Bibliography
1562:
1531:(1): 74–75.
1528:
1524:
1514:
1486:
1479:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1156:
1152:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1023:
1019:
1009:
997:
985:
958:
946:
905:
901:
877:
867:
851:
844:
807:
794:
780:
772:
748:
746:
741:
735:
732:
703:Nizampatnam
552:
529:
522:
516:
509:
504:
500:
491:
480:
470:
464:
460:
457:Farrukhsiyar
453:Mubariz Khan
450:
430:
423:
420:
412:Bahadur Shah
408:
400:
394:
383:
380:
368:
361:
342:
336:
325:
317:
312:
308:
301:
266:
235:Dar-ul Jihad
234:
232:
200:
196:
195:
133:Succeeded by
132:
127:
93:31 July 1724
2638:Sikh Empire
2617:interrupted
2358:Lahore Fort
2309:Henry Every
2274:Malik Ambar
2217:Baro-Bhuyan
2210:Adversaries
2196:Ranthambore
2151:Chittorgarh
1972:Child's war
1798:family tree
1286:(1): 5–43.
612:Khammamett
580:Devarkonda
375:shifted to
128:Preceded by
2683:Categories
2668:Rohilkhand
2613:Sur Empire
2319:Nader Shah
2254:Rana Sanga
2166:Daulatabad
2050:Haldighati
1982:Bengal war
1820:Government
1752:Alamgir II
1702:Shah Jahan
1026:(2): 239.
978:Eaton 2005
908:(2): 241.
859:Wikisource
836:References
711:Rajmundry
620:Koilkonda
561:Telangana
518:mansabdars
397:Kam Bakhsh
351:. His son
269:Shah Jahan
241:Background
88:Asaf Jah I
2469:Taj Mahal
2353:Agra Fort
2314:Bajirao I
2237:Musa Khan
2191:Purandhar
2095:Raj Mahal
2070:Najafgarh
1920:Conflicts
1887:Hyderabad
1843:Provinces
1553:194095748
1545:0266-6030
1506:268771115
1357:1752-0401
1316:146592706
1300:0026-749X
1189:161294806
1173:0021-9118
1087:2249-1937
1056:161294806
1040:0021-9118
938:142989123
922:0026-749X
830:Mawla Ali
769:Allahabad
660:Warangal
644:Nalgonda
628:Malankur
596:Ghanpura
588:Elgandel
548:District
530:mansabdar
475:) to the
465:zamindars
461:zamindars
451:In 1713,
447:Secession
432:mansabdar
416:Azam Shah
385:deshmukhs
369:zamindars
363:zamindars
282:Aurangzeb
220:Aurangzeb
50:Hyderabad
41:1687–1724
2658:Carnatic
2577:Painting
2572:Language
2540:See also
2368:Red Fort
2222:Isa Khan
2186:Kandahar
2171:Golconda
2100:Samugarh
2035:Chanderi
1825:Military
1772:Akbar II
1697:Shahryar
1692:Jahangir
1669:Emperors
1619:58431679
1308:20488070
1095:44148109
804:Religion
800:styles.
719:Sikakul
572:Bhongir
554:Parganas
524:faujdars
357:Marathas
319:subahdar
263:in 1687.
2592:Weapons
2567:Gardens
2562:Fashion
2557:Culture
2552:Cuisine
2388:Mosques
2284:Shivaji
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