Knowledge

Hyam language

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Hayab (2016:66) pinpoints, stating that "available data in Hyam by Koelle (1854: appendix, 2-188) and Meek (1931:120) reveals that the Ham contest in virtually a dissimilar way from what is obtained today." He added that it is apparent that the old counting system has been replaced with a Hausa
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of Nigeria, popularly known as 'Jaba' in a recent study by Philip Hayab, a native of the area and a linguist who carried out in-depth research into the language, reveals that 'Jaba' has a Hausa etymology and is derogatory and should be discarded (John 2017).
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may be viewed as separate languages, however, Hayab (2016) presents a differing opinion arguing that it is Ankung, a language called Iduya, that is not mutually intelligible to Hyam. Meanwhile, Hyam, which is spoken by the
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John, P. H. (2017). Narratives of identity and sociocultural worldview in song texts of the Ham of Nigeria: a discourse analysis investigation. PhD Dissertation submitted to the University of Stellenbosch,
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a a̱ b c d dz e e̱ f g gb gh h hw hyw i i̱ j k kh kp l m n ng ny o p r s sh t th thn ts u v w y yw z zh
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James (1998) classified the Hyam dialects according to the following sub-groups he placed under the Ham or Northern Group of the Proto-Plateau Ethno-Linguistic Cluster:
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According to Hayab (2016:5-11), however, the Ham people, aside migratory past, a subject requiring keen study, could be said to speak the following:
2170: 573:, while the word "kop/kwop" is almost extinct, just as in Hyam, and only used for counting in thousands. The word "thousand" in 2056: 385:
Further more, Hayab (2016:8) classified these dialects into four clusters, A-D, according to their levels of intelligibility.
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Narratives of identity and sociocultural worldview in song texts of the Ham of Nigeria: A discourse analysis investigation
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b c d dh dz f g gy gb gh ghy h hw hwy hyw j k ky kh khy kp l m n nh ng ny p r s sh t th thn ts v w y yw z zh
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These, according to Hayab (2016:66-67) are the numbers used at least 200 years ago for counting in Hyam.
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The Hyam Literacy Committee identifies the following 41/42 basic symbols in its orthography.
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The Settler Phenomenon in the Middle Belt and the Problem of National Integration in Nigeria
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styled one, and again states that "at present, the old style with ten (which was
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The following is an abridged lexicon via the Hyam wordlist by Roger Blench.
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Again note that Hyam is the language spoken by the Ham people.
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Hayab (2016:6) added that other varieties may also include:
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The above can be said to be true, considering the case of
550:(twelve)." He then added that "this is because the word ' 331: 348:
Kyoli - the dialect of the Kworri/Kwori (also known as
2112: 423:(may be coherent with A and B. More studies needed) 330:Hyam Taa Ham - 'Hyam spread in Ham area' including 581:, meaning (considering the old usage of the word 565:, a related language, where the present word for 3258: 546:' (11) suggests that we were a number away from 190:is a regionally important linguistic cluster of 337:Kwyeny - same as James's Hyam Kpop (spoken in 2164: 2080: 2035: 2171: 2157: 2083:Basic Hyam Grammar with Ethnographic Notes 334:, Ghikyaar, Kuscum, Har Dzyee, Shong, etc. 2089: 236:Native Hyam speakers are found mainly in 518: 3259: 2041: 214:as distinct varieties, and notes that 2178: 2152: 13: 2065: 2014: 434:(stand in an independent category) 16:Plateau language spoken in Nigeria 14: 3283: 2132: 476: 489:Short Vowels (Vawella̱ Sha̱kuup) 412:(have about 50% intelligibility) 2094:. Jos, Nigeria: Midland Press. 2085:. Abuja: Beltina Digital Press. 499:Long Vowels (Vawella̱ Sha̱ceri) 231: 2050: 2044:An Atlas of Nigerian Languages 1: 2007: 2117:. Benin City: Divine Press. 2113:Kambai A̱ka̱u T. L. (2014). 508:Diphthongs (Khwikhwir Vawel) 461: 7: 2115:The Tyap-English Dictionary 558:- short of or 'remaining'. 528: 289:Ham Ngat Ham (Jaban Katari) 277: 10: 3288: 859: 853:twelve dozens/uncountable 358:Shamang - same as Shambang 322:Ham Kong/Rhuini (Kamantan) 312:Ham Netkun/Netwho (Gbaham) 3267:Central Plateau languages 3234: 3216: 3173: 3140: 3011: 2983: 2905: 2867: 2834: 2791: 2782: 2748: 2689: 2612: 2551: 2542: 2513: 2475: 2442: 2394: 2341: 2293: 2284: 2186: 2144:Roger Blench: Hyamic page 2074:Prospecting proto-Plateau 248:. They are also found in 169: 153: 148: 124: 61: 51: 41: 31: 26: 21: 2031:(subscription required) 2042:Blench, Roger (2019). 754:twelve/dozen/complete 253:Local Government Areas 2081:Hayab, P. J. (2016). 587:a hundred - ten times 519:Consonants (Konsonan) 441:Blench (2019) lists: 366:DĂąya/IdĂşyĂ  - same as 292:Ham Shambang (Samban) 286:Ham Kpop (Jaban Kwoi) 264:Local Government Area 3272:Languages of Nigeria 309:Ham Det (Faik/Kenyi) 1353:female clan leader 554:' actually denotes 57:300,000 (2014) 2090:James, I. (1998). 839:shwak i'mbwan-kop 494:a a̱ e e̱ i i̱ o u 3254: 3253: 3250: 3249: 2778: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2180:Platoid languages 2124:978-978-0272-15-9 2029:(18th ed., 2015) 2005: 2004: 1705:sex, intercourse 921:bravery, courage 857: 856: 192:Plateau languages 185: 184: 3279: 2789: 2788: 2549: 2548: 2291: 2290: 2173: 2166: 2159: 2150: 2149: 2128: 2105: 2086: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2018: 1865:torrential rain 1569:daughter-in-law 969:guest, stranger 953:spring of water 867: 866: 828:shwak i'naarang 599: 598: 315:Ham Nyakpah (or 204:prestige dialect 181: 165: 158: 67: 19: 18: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3246: 3230: 3212: 3169: 3136: 3007: 2979: 2901: 2863: 2830: 2770: 2744: 2685: 2608: 2538: 2509: 2471: 2438: 2390: 2337: 2280: 2182: 2177: 2135: 2125: 2102: 2068: 2066:Further reading 2063: 2062: 2057:"Hyam Wordlist" 2055: 2051: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2019: 2015: 2010: 1753:charcoal, soot 1249:mountain, hill 889:doctor, healer 862: 817:shwak i'twarfo 531: 521: 503:aa ee ii oo uu 479: 464: 299:) (Jaban Lungu) 295:Ham Duhyah (or 280: 234: 177: 161: 154: 120: 68: 65:Language family 63: 54: 53:Native speakers 17: 12: 11: 5: 3285: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3017: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2840: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2746: 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1180: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001:young person 1000: 997: 996: 992: 989: 988: 984: 981: 980: 976: 973: 972: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 956: 952: 949: 948: 945:soul, spirit 944: 941: 940: 936: 933: 932: 928: 925: 924: 920: 917: 916: 912: 909: 908: 904: 901: 900: 896: 893: 892: 888: 885: 884: 880: 877: 876: 872: 869: 868: 865: 852: 849: 847:144/infinity 846: 845: 841: 838: 835: 834: 831:eight dozens 830: 827: 824: 823: 820:seven dozens 819: 816: 813: 812: 808: 805: 802: 801: 797: 795:shwak i'twoo 794: 791: 790: 786: 784:shwak i'nang 783: 780: 779: 776:three dozens 775: 772: 769: 768: 764: 762:shwak i'feri 761: 758: 757: 753: 750: 747: 746: 742: 739: 736: 735: 731: 728: 725: 724: 720: 717: 714: 713: 709: 706: 703: 702: 698: 695: 692: 691: 687: 684: 681: 680: 676: 673: 670: 669: 665: 662: 659: 658: 654: 651: 648: 647: 643: 640: 637: 636: 632: 629: 626: 625: 622:zero/nothing 621: 618: 615: 614: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 600: 597: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 523: 522: 513: 512: 509: 506: 505: 504: 501: 500: 493: 492: 491: 490: 484: 481: 480: 472: 469: 468: 467: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 443: 442: 439: 433: 429: 425: 422: 418: 414: 411: 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 388: 387: 386: 380: 377: 374: 371: 369: 365: 364: 363: 357: 354: 351: 347: 344: 340: 336: 333: 329: 328: 327: 321: 318: 314: 311: 308: 305: 301: 298: 294: 291: 288: 285: 284: 283: 275: 273: 269: 265: 262: 258: 254: 251: 247: 243: 239: 229: 226: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 180: 176: 174: 173: 168: 164: 160: 157: 152: 147: 141: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 127: 123: 107: 104: 103: 101: 98: 97: 95: 92: 91: 90: 87: 86: 85: 82: 81: 80: 77: 76: 74: 70: 66: 60: 56: 50: 47: 44: 40: 37: 34: 30: 25: 20: 3061: 2665:Shuwa-Zamani 2630:Gbiri-Niragu 2376:Basa-Makurdi 2261:Tigon Mbembe 2114: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2052: 2043: 2037: 2024: 2016: 1961:blow, flute 1841:set on fire 1681:seed, grain 1657:story, news 1529:evil spirit 1321:king, chief 1305:inheritance 1257:large river 1201:resemblance 985:world, bush 863: 850:sok-sok-gha 842:nine dozens 798:five dozens 787:four dozens 773:shwak i'tat 740:mbwan-shwak 609: 604: 595: 590: 586: 582: 579:cyi kop/kwop 578: 570: 566: 560: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 532: 514:ai au a̱u ou 507: 502: 498: 497: 488: 487: 483:Monophthongs 482: 470: 465: 440: 437: 431: 427: 416: 409: 405: 398: 394: 390: 384: 372:Gwora - Gora 361: 342: 338: 325: 302:Ham Kworri ( 281: 257:Kaduna State 255:of southern 235: 232:Distribution 219: 215: 211: 207: 199: 187: 186: 170: 105: 46:Kaduna State 2816:Shall-Zwall 2490:Gwamhi-Wuri 2361:Basa-Gurara 2109:Unpublished 1585:lake, pond 1481:blacksmith 1385:divination 1193:suck, roll 1153:witchcraft 1110:gaar/gyaar 1009:temptation 881:hot temper 809:six dozens 765:two dozens 544:mbwan shwak 538:) now as ' 457:Hyam of Nok 426:Cluster D. 415:Cluster C. 404:Cluster B. 389:Cluster A. 200:Hyam of Nok 130:Hyam of Nok 84:Benue–Congo 73:Niger–Congo 3261:Categories 2915:Bu-Ninkada 2801:Kusur–Myet 2559:Gamo-Ningi 2404:Cinda-Regi 2371:Basa-Kwali 2356:Basa-Gumna 2351:Basa-Benue 2196:Como Karim 2101:9783481169 2026:Ethnologue 2008:References 1982:zhir'nkum 1953:butterfly 1921:wrestling 1833:fireplace 1718:shirshing 1673:lightning 1601:yesterday 1566:nyo/monyo 1417:granaries 1281:ancestors 1241:whirlwind 1182:gyugyuthi 1169:tree bark 1081:burst out 1033:mist, fog 718:mbwan-kop 319:) (Yeskwa) 225:Ham people 3175:Yukubenic 2584:Kudu-Camo 2495:Hun-Saare 2477:Northwest 2386:Bassa Nge 1950:zhazhaku 1929:laughter 1825:strength 1742:shushuni 1726:shisheng 1577:scorpion 1465:sorcerer 1433:children 1409:lie down 1382:kyat'pyo 1337:firewood 1329:mushroom 1113:place(s) 1025:elephant 894:bongyeng 462:Phonology 339:Har Kwain 172:Glottolog 156:ISO 639-3 3097:Kamanton 2793:Tarokoid 2672:(Surubu) 2552:Northern 2529:(Rerang) 2505:ut-Ma'in 2485:Damakawa 2429:Rubaruba 2414:Hungworo 2318:Shingini 2211:Jan Awei 2188:Jukunoid 1913:star(s) 1857:brother 1830:tseyang 1798:tamtori 1694:shashat 1686:shantan 1649:evening 1505:proverb 1430:mowe/we 1310:kpoduma 1270:kike/ke 1246:jo/wejo 1137:surpass 937:reddish 929:morning 926:chirchi 873:English 707:naarang 591:100 X 10 583:kop/kwop 529:Numerals 391:Hyam Taa 381:- Kenyi. 278:Dialects 179:hyam1245 125:Dialects 3208:Yukuben 3142:Beromic 3117:Shamang 3107:Kuturmi 3037:Dangana 3013:Central 2955:Ninkyop 2826:Yangkam 2784:Plateau 2462:Gurmana 2444:Shiroro 2381:Koromba 2295:Kambari 2201:Etkywan 1993:mother 1814:titaan 1809:sister 1761:awaken 1745:breath 1734:shozhi 1721:shadow 1689:spider 1662:shabur 1646:ryetuk 1545:hunter 1497:person 1489:friend 1449:wisdom 1425:people 1414:mogbam 1406:mimyet 1342:kushat 1289:corpse 1278:kikera 1273:father 1225:donkey 1121:divide 1089:flower 934:choing 860:Lexicon 743:eleven 696:twarfo 630:zhinni 610:English 410:Shamang 317:Nyankpa 272:Nigeria 259:and in 246:Kagarko 202:is the 196:Nigeria 102: ? 96: ? 94:Central 89:Plateau 36:Nigeria 3235:others 3218:Ndunic 3188:Beezen 3165:Nincut 3127:Yeskwa 3092:Kadara 3023:(Koro) 2993:Barkul 2945:Ningye 2935:Kanufi 2930:Gwantu 2925:GbÉ™tsu 2907:Ninzic 2869:Alumic 2854:Jijili 2709:Panawa 2691:Shammo 2650:Kurama 2640:Kinuku 2604:Ziriya 2589:Lemoro 2523:(Shen) 2457:Fungwa 2452:Baushi 2419:Kagare 2396:Kamuku 2308:Baangi 2286:Kainji 2251:Nyifon 2121:  2098:  1985:widow 1977:blood 1958:zheng 1918:yosir 1905:sheep 1881:voice 1846:wegyo 1838:tyeng 1817:water 1806:tirda 1793:dance 1785:snake 1769:judge 1766:shwom 1758:shwok 1737:woman 1713:black 1678:shang 1665:white 1641:tired 1625:greet 1622:ruing 1617:night 1614:rituk 1593:today 1574:nyang 1542:ntato 1526:nkuun 1521:anger 1486:ndwak 1478:nanaa 1457:witch 1441:hyena 1422:monet 1393:birth 1377:stone 1366:kyang 1361:teach 1358:kyaam 1345:ghost 1326:kpyob 1297:knife 1214:hyong 1177:large 1174:gwang 1166:guguk 1129:level 1097:thief 1041:power 993:marry 990:dzaar 977:depth 966:chyen 961:penis 958:chuwo 950:chuur 913:death 751:shwak 710:eight 699:seven 685:twani 663:naang 655:three 619:npiit 589:" or " 445:Kwyeny 397:, and 395:Kwyeny 250:Jema'a 242:Kachia 220:Ankung 100:Hyamic 42:Region 3242:Eloyi 3226:Ahwai 3198:Kapya 3150:Berom 3132:Zhire 3112:Rigwe 3082:Izere 3057:Gyong 3052:Gwara 3047:FÉ™rĂ n 3027:Ajuwa 3003:Horom 2970:Nungu 2960:Ninzo 2950:Ninka 2897:Nigbo 2892:Hasha 2887:Sambe 2877:Alumu 2849:Eggon 2836:South 2821:Tarok 2806:Kwang 2756:Atsam 2749:Other 2740:Tunzu 2714:Sanga 2635:Kaivi 2625:Dungu 2613:Kauru 2579:Janji 2574:Izora 2569:Iguta 2534:Reshe 2514:Lakes 2467:Pongu 2434:Shama 2328:Wenci 2313:Kimba 2276:WĂŁpha 2271:Wapan 2266:Wannu 2241:Kuteb 2231:Jukun 2001:room 1974:zhii 1969:wife 1945:lion 1942:zaki 1937:roam 1934:zang 1926:zaam 1902:yeng 1894:yeer 1889:fire 1886:yang 1854:wera 1822:tset 1790:swat 1782:sung 1777:love 1750:shuu 1729:wind 1702:shen 1697:dawn 1670:sham 1654:saar 1638:ruth 1633:dust 1606:ribi 1598:reng 1561:meat 1558:nyam 1550:nyak 1518:njaa 1513:rain 1510:ngot 1502:ngan 1473:body 1446:myen 1438:muri 1401:year 1374:kyar 1369:farm 1350:kwai 1334:kuko 1318:kpop 1302:koop 1265:road 1262:kate 1233:leaf 1230:jang 1222:jaki 1209:horn 1206:hwom 1161:song 1150:gbyo 1145:open 1142:gang 1102:fyet 1094:fyep 1086:fyen 1078:furi 1073:kill 1065:Moon 1057:oath 1054:fang 1038:dzye 1030:dzut 1022:dzom 1017:goat 1006:dzet 998:dzam 982:dwai 974:dung 918:chin 902:cheb 897:toad 870:Hyam 721:nine 677:five 674:twoo 666:four 652:taat 641:feli 552:mbwan 548:shwak 540:shwak 432:Gwora 428:IdĂşyĂ  421:Zhire 406:Kyoli 379:Zhire 350:Chori 304:Chori 261:Keffi 208:Sait, 142:Ankum 27:Jabba 3203:Lufu 3193:Bete 3183:Akum 3160:Iten 3155:Cara 3122:Tyap 3102:Kulu 3072:Idun 3067:Idon 3062:Hyam 3042:Doka 3032:Cori 3021:Ashe 2998:Fyam 2985:East 2940:Mada 2882:Toro 2859:Jili 2766:Piti 2734:Bunu 2729:Loro 2724:Moro 2719:Gusu 2704:Boze 2699:Zele 2681:Vono 2676:Tumi 2670:Vori 2660:Ruma 2655:Mala 2645:Kono 2620:Bina 2599:Shau 2594:Lere 2564:Gyem 2544:East 2527:Lopa 2521:Laru 2500:Lela 2424:Rogo 2343:Basa 2333:Yumu 2323:Vadi 2303:Cipu 2236:Kpan 2226:Jiru 2221:Jibu 2216:Jiba 2206:Hõne 2119:ISBN 2096:ISBN 2021:Hyam 1998:zhu 1990:zho 1966:zhi 1910:yet 1878:yak 1873:get 1870:wok 1862:wop 1849:dog 1774:sim 1630:run 1582:ran 1553:cow 1537:Sun 1534:nom 1494:net 1470:nam 1398:mek 1390:mat 1313:cat 1294:kon 1286:kom 1254:kab 1238:jip 1198:has 1190:ham 1185:owl 1158:gom 1134:gan 1126:gam 1118:gab 1070:fet 1049:sky 1046:fai 1014:dzo 942:chu 910:chi 905:egg 886:bok 878:bes 836:108 732:ten 729:kop 688:six 644:two 633:one 605:Hyam 585:), " 575:Tyap 571:swak 563:Tyap 556:bwat 454:Dzar 451:Saik 448:Yaat 430:and 419:and 408:and 399:Saik 368:Idun 355:Saik 343:Kwoi 297:Idun 244:and 238:Jaba 218:and 212:Dzar 210:and 188:Hyam 139:Yaat 136:Dzar 133:Sait 106:Hyam 22:Hyam 3087:Jju 3077:Iku 2975:Ayu 2965:NkÉ” 2844:Ake 2761:Map 2246:Lau 2023:at 1590:re 1062:fe 825:96 814:84 803:72 792:60 781:48 770:36 759:24 748:12 737:11 726:10 593:". 577:is 569:is 567:ten 536:kop 417:Yat 375:Yat 341:or 332:Nok 270:of 266:of 216:Yat 194:in 163:jab 3263:: 2920:Ce 2811:Pe 2738:? 2532:? 715:9 704:8 693:7 682:6 671:5 660:4 649:3 638:2 627:1 616:0 393:, 274:. 240:, 198:. 75:? 2172:e 2165:t 2158:v 2127:. 2104:. 352:) 345:) 306:)

Index

Nigeria
Kaduna State
Language family
Niger–Congo
Atlantic–Congo
Benue–Congo
Plateau
Central
Hyamic
ISO 639-3
jab
Glottolog
hyam1245
Plateau languages
Nigeria
prestige dialect
Ham people
Jaba
Kachia
Kagarko
Jema'a
Local Government Areas
Kaduna State
Keffi
Local Government Area
Nasarawa State
Nigeria
Idun
Chori
Nyankpa

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