66:
448:
920:, balsa, and foam. The pilot sat in a small cockpit suspended below the wings and pumped a bar with his feet to operate a system of wires that flapped the wings up and down. Towed by a car until airborne, it then sustained flight for almost 20 seconds. It flew 145 meters with an average speed of 25.6 km/h (7.1 m/s). Similar tow-launched flights were made in the past, but improved data collection verified that the ornithopter was capable of self-powered flight once aloft.
696:
526:. The aircraft apparently flew short distances fully under human power, but the distances were not significant enough to win the competition's prize. Furthermore, there has been much dispute whether it ever took off under the pedal-power of the pilot alone, in particular because there is no record of official observation of it having done so. Some arguments for and against the validity of Bossi's claim to have done so are presented by
24:
543:
837:, designed by John and Mark McIntyre. The Icarus Cup is different from the Kremer Prize in that it does not aim to simply break speed and distance records, but make human powered flying into a popular sport. Therefore, the competition includes challenges such as a slalom course, an unaided starting task and a landing accuracy test. The Icarus Cup is held annually at
443:
in 1923. The aircraft had seven wings stacked nearly 15 feet (4.6 m) high. The pilot pedaled a bicycle gear that turned the propeller. In early tests the craft was towed into the air by an automobile, and released. With
Gerhardt as the pilot, the Cycleplane was able to maintain stable, level
652:
In 1973, Kremer increased his prize money tenfold to £50,000. At that time, the human-powered aircraft had flown only in straight (or nearly straight) line courses, and no-one had yet even attempted his more challenging figure-eight course, which required a fully controllable aircraft. He also
592:
Puffin 2 was a new fuselage and wing around the transmission recovered from the original Puffin. It flew on 27 August 1965 and made several flights over a half-mile, including a climb to 5.2 metres. After Puffin 2 was damaged, it was handed over to
Liverpool University who used it to build the
1068:
534:, additional attempts were therefore made using a catapult system. By being catapulted to a height of 9 metres (30 ft), the aircraft met the distance requirement of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) but was declined the prize due to the launch method.
725:
craft on a triangular 1.5 km course in under three minutes (for an average speed of 32 km/h): pilot Frank
Scarabino. Further prizes of £5,000 are awarded to each subsequent entrant improving the speed by at least five percent.
777:
Machines have been built and flown in Japan, Germany, Greece, France, Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa, Austria, Canada, Singapore, the United States, and the United Kingdom, with their total number approaching a hundred.
643:
of £5,000 for the first human-powered aircraft to fly a figure-of-eight course round two markers half-a-mile apart. It was conditional that the designer, entrant pilot, place of construction and flight must all be
British.
395:
Human-powered aircraft have been successfully flown over considerable distances. However, they are still primarily constructed as engineering challenges rather than for any kind of recreational or utilitarian purpose.
844:
In 2017, Yuta
Watanabe, the pilot of Birdman House Iga, completed a 40 km round-trip flight. In 2019 he succeeded with a 60 km flight during the Japan International Birdman event above
530:(1976). At the time the fully human-powered flights were deemed to be a result of the pilot's significant strength and endurance; and ultimately not attainable by a typical human. As with the
722:
729:
Over the next four years, the MIT group continued to develop their designs, with the
Monarch and Monarch-B aircraft succeeded by three follow-on designs, the Light Eagle and two
796:£100,000 for the Kremer International Sporting Aircraft Competition for a sporting aeroplane able to operate in normal weather conditions, as encountered in the United Kingdom;
604:, designed and built by Chris Roper, piloted by John Potter flew 1,070 metres and 1,239 metres in June 1972. Due to Roper's ill health, the project was later continued at
1400:
632:
when they were invited to join the
Society. (Its title was changed from "Man" to "Human" in 1988 because of the many successful flights made by female pilots.)
329:
45:
1211:
388:
Often, a hybrid system is used; where during a certain amount of time pedaling, it would charge a battery, which would, at the push of a button, power an
1095:
2657:
601:
1275:
494:
1112:
1731:
1318:
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flight for short durations. Its only human-powered takeoff was a short hop of 20 feet (6.1 m) with the craft rising 2 feet (0.6 m).
594:
830:
481:
589:
said he was very pleased with the performance of the Puffin, which handled beautifully during the flight. His record stood for 10 years.
1704:
322:
706:
A week after the cross-Channel flight of
Gossamer Albatross, which used a propeller designed by the MIT team, a student-led team at the
1343:
32:
1627:
Splendid Vision, Unswerving
Purpose: Developing Air Power for the United States Air Force During the First Century of Powered Flight
1180:
1164:
550:
The first officially authenticated take-off and landing of a human-powered aircraft (one capable of powered take-offs, unlike a
315:
1419:
707:
1397:
668:. Although slow, cruising at only 11 mph (18 km/h), it achieved that speed with only 0.35 hp (0.26 kW).
1724:
581:
first flew on 16 November 1961, one week after SUMPAC. The Hatfield Man Powered Aircraft Club was formed of employees of
1566:
1439:
908:
On August 2, 2010, Todd Reichert of the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies piloted a human-powered
1634:
1463:
1146:
765:
The first human-powered passenger flight occurred on 1 October 1984 when Holger Rochelt carried his sister Katrin in
381:, which turns another, horizontal shaft that ultimately turns a propeller, or in the case of earlier prototypes, an
1219:
420:
In 1904, Scientific American published an article and a photograph of a bicycle plane built by Steward Winslow of
2693:
1717:
1599:
1685:
1234:
916:. The aircraft with 32-metre (105 ft) wingspan and mass of 42 kilograms (93 lb) was constructed from
2496:
1888:
959:
807:
811:
700:
582:
660:
2 flew the first figure-eight, a distance of 2.172 km winning the first Kremer prize. It was built by
2688:
600:
After this date several less successful aircraft flew, until 1972 when the Woodford Essex Aircraft Group's
464:
1279:
789:£50,000 for the Kremer International Marathon Competition for a flight round a specified twenty six mile (
1116:
721:
On 11 May 1984, the third Kremer prize of £20,000 for speed went to the MIT design team for flying their
404:
Early attempts at human-powered flight were unsuccessful because of the difficulty of achieving the high
1690:
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1748:
949:
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782:
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286:
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principles which were not only too heavy to meet this requirement but aerodynamically unsatisfactory.
1322:
819:
672:
665:
802:£500 for The Robert Graham Competition for students for experimental research or engineering design.
2642:
2503:
2370:
1883:
1828:
944:
898:
653:
opened the competition to all nationalities; previously it was restricted to British entries only.
469:
1474:
714:
aircraft, which demonstrated full controllability and was flown by 44 different pilots, including
624:'s "Man Powered Aircraft Group" was formed in 1959 by the members of the Man Powered Group of the
2450:
1740:
929:
873:
505:. 120 flights were made, the longest being 712 metres in 1937. However, it was launched using a
362:
355:
281:
237:
98:
37:
585:
and had access to company support. Eventually its best distance was 908 metres (993 yd).
2667:
2605:
2120:
2110:
1543:
1113:"Chris Roper B. Muscle Assisted Flights Before 1939. Human Powered Flying. Accessed 2008-08-14"
939:
934:
754:
559:
269:
168:
130:
1579:
Human-Powered Ornithoper Flight in Flapping Wings: The Ornithopter Zone Newsletter, Fall 2010.
1357:
1043:
1004:
570:. The best flight out of 40 attempts was 650 metres. The SUMPAC was substantially rebuilt by
405:
377:, which then rotates a smaller gear, which turns a vertical shaft that either turns a set of
671:
The second Kremer prize of £100,000 was won on June 12, 1979, again by Paul MacCready, when
2610:
1788:
625:
502:
247:
125:
733:
aircraft, the Daedalus-87 and Daedalus-88. The current distance record recognised by the
361:
As its name suggests, HPAs have the pilot not only steer, but power the aircraft (usually
8:
2005:
1945:
1853:
1818:
1803:
1772:
1187:
432:
421:
1513:
2651:
1930:
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as part of their AERSP 404H class. A team of aerospace engineering students from the
676:
516:(designer), Vittorio Bonomi (builder), and Emilio Casco (pilot) met a challenge by the
498:
425:
264:
1610:
1567:"Stéphane Rousson and his pedal-powered dirigible | the Lighter-Than-Air Society"
447:
2046:
2041:
1920:
1863:
1669:
1630:
1459:
1365:
1337:
1142:
1051:
551:
459:
451:
181:
687:: a straight distance of 35.82 km (22 miles 453 yards) in 2 hours, 49 minutes.
373:: a pair of pedals, moved by the pilot's feet that turns a gear, which then moves a
2475:
2274:
2156:
2029:
571:
473:
276:
102:
65:
1416:
1263:
2615:
2351:
2279:
2223:
2213:
2062:
1980:
1955:
1905:
1873:
1843:
1808:
1778:
1443:
1426:, Royal Aeronautical Society Human Powered Aircraft Group (accessed Nov. 13 2012)
1423:
1407:, Royal Aeronautical Society Human Powered Aircraft Group (accessed Nov. 13 2012)
1404:
1168:
980:
838:
657:
609:
578:
567:
513:
242:
205:
85:
806:
Attempts have been made to claim the £100,000 Kremer Sport prize. Students from
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2560:
2543:
2531:
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2356:
2233:
2193:
2020:
1950:
1935:
1900:
1858:
1813:
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913:
661:
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with a new transmission system but was damaged beyond repair in November 1965.
428:. He attempted to fly his plane on 30 July 1904, but one of the wheels failed.
389:
175:
1259:
2682:
2548:
2536:
2326:
2228:
1960:
1910:
1868:
1823:
1369:
1055:
867:
640:
586:
555:
527:
486:
374:
137:
1629:. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Air Force Publications, 2002.
1436:
2305:
2238:
2198:
2177:
2088:
2078:
2000:
1965:
1925:
1798:
917:
878:
815:
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730:
440:
436:
70:
1709:
1554:
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2508:
2406:
2336:
2253:
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1915:
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954:
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409:
382:
214:
142:
92:
615:
2445:
2331:
2310:
2300:
2218:
2203:
2161:
2125:
2115:
2105:
1995:
1990:
1895:
1793:
810:
designed an aircraft as part of their AE4065/6 class. A team from the
695:
605:
522:
378:
153:
106:
2595:
2341:
2248:
2243:
2146:
2009:
845:
766:
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629:
301:
188:
148:
2622:
2590:
2346:
2100:
2093:
1975:
1970:
1940:
1783:
1497:
http://aerosociety.com/About-Us/specgroups/Human-Powered/Icarus-Cup
882:
790:
738:
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506:
370:
351:
296:
259:
254:
225:
220:
2647:
2567:
2555:
2151:
2141:
2034:
1985:
1848:
1833:
1768:
1518:
1181:"Man-Powered Flight - Achievements to Date With a New Suggestion"
886:
862:
680:
392:
that is connected to the same horizontal shaft as the propeller.
366:
230:
110:
1532:
23:
2455:
2428:
2422:
2400:
2295:
1699:
1485:
715:
684:
563:
468:. On 11 July 1934, the Zaschka-HPA flew about 20 meters on the
291:
1588:
2390:
2385:
841:, Great Britain, the site of the first human-powered flight.
742:
635:
Under the auspices of the Society, in 1959 the industrialist
517:
1417:
Chrysalis Human-Powered Airplane: It Flew the First Time Out
501:) first flew on 30 August 1935: a distance of 235 metres at
2258:
2208:
1276:"Human Powered Flying by Chris Roper - Accessed 2008-08-14"
462:
from Germany completed a large human-powered aircraft, the
69:
MIT Light Eagle human-powered aircraft, predecessor to the
1666:, 29 October 1977, Vol. 112, No. 3581. pp. 1253–1256.
2600:
757:: a straight distance of 115.11 km (71.53 mi).
542:
1700:
International Human Powered Vehicles Association (IHPVA)
1675:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd, 1962.
1096:"Airplane Flown by Man Power is Pedaled Like a Bicycle"
1069:
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Washington:
889:, much less effort is required to power the aircraft.
981:"Flycycle takes to the air - Aerospace Manufacturing"
664:
and piloted by amateur cyclist and hang-glider pilot
616:
Royal Aeronautical Society Human Powered Flight Group
520:
government for a flight of one kilometre using their
1457:
The Fullness of Wings: The Making Of A New Daedalus,
1514:"鳥人間コンテスト史上初！"６０ｋｍ"完全制覇！！【2019年「BIRDMAN HOUSE 伊賀」】"
833:for human powered flying. The first cup was won by
781:With further funds from the late Henry Kremer, the
546:
SUMPAC: The first successful human powered aircraft
2680:
691:Kremer speed prize and later flights by MIT team
793:) distance course, in a time of under one hour;
1686:Video of first human-powered aircraft (SUMPAC)
1725:
1239:Celebrating 50 years of human-powered flight"
323:
1393:
1391:
354:belonging to the class of vehicles known as
1739:
1293:
365:-driven) by means of a system similar to a
2658:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums
1732:
1718:
1490:
978:
330:
316:
1388:
892:
699:Human-powered aircraft display at the US
647:
694:
541:
446:
435:, developed by W. Frederick Gerhardt at
431:An early human-powered aircraft was the
64:
48:of all important aspects of the article.
1673:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1962–63
1136:
1084:Das Buch der deutschen Luftfahrttechnik
509:and so was not strictly human-powered.
2681:
1342:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
44:Please consider expanding the lead to
1713:
1691:"Cycleplanes and Their Possibilities"
1437:Human Powered Aircraft - Monarch Crew
760:
708:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1308:The Guardian, 5 May 1962, front page
1232:
1044:"World's First Aerial Bicycle Flies"
822:designed and constructed the SUHPA.
772:
454:'s Human-Power Aircraft, Berlin 1934
17:
1071:Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft (1934)
1024:(Cottonwood, Idaho), August 5, 1904
861:Inventors have built human-powered
799:£1,000 for the Schools Competition;
737:was achieved on 23 April 1988 from
13:
1233:Sale, Jonathan (9 November 2011).
14:
2705:
1679:
1589:Human-Powered Ornithopter Project
1218:. 8 February 1937. Archived from
1141:. Bailey Brothers & Swinfen.
1086:. Verlag Dieter Hoffmann, p. 361.
554:) was made on 9 November 1961 by
415:
537:
22:
1651:"Man-powered flying as a sport"
1619:
1604:
1593:
1582:
1573:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1526:
1506:
1479:
1475:Royal Aeronautical Society Site
1468:
1449:
1429:
1410:
1376:
1350:
1311:
1302:
1268:
1253:
1226:
1204:
1173:
1155:
1130:
979:Richardson, Mike (2022-11-18).
903:
885:instead of air flowing past an
710:achieved first flight on their
36:may be too short to adequately
1661:"America's man powered winner"
1398:The Gossamers and Other Planes
1105:
1089:
1076:
1062:
1036:
1027:
1015:
997:
972:
960:List of human-powered aircraft
808:Virginia Polytechnic Institute
493:) built by Helmut Hässler and
46:provide an accessible overview
1:
1705:History of man-powered flight
1641:"Man powered flight advances"
1544:Another human-powered airship
1499:(not to be confused with the
965:
812:Pennsylvania State University
701:National Air and Space Museum
583:de Havilland Aircraft Company
1212:"Transport: Icarus to Bossi"
465:Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft
7:
923:
856:
785:announced four new prizes:
612:(RAF) officer at the time.
472:; the HPA took off without
10:
2710:
1262:on the subject, filmed by
1011:: 183. September 10, 1904.
950:Controllable slope soaring
896:
827:Royal Aeronautical Society
783:Royal Aeronautical Society
622:Royal Aeronautical Society
399:
287:Rotating detonation engine
2635:
2583:
2524:
2517:
2484:
2468:
2438:
2415:
2378:
2369:
2319:
2288:
2267:
2186:
2170:
2134:
2071:
2055:
2019:
1756:
1747:
1555:DIY human-powered balloon
1005:"A Novel Gliding Machine"
820:University of Southampton
562:'s Man Powered Aircraft (
512:In March 1937, a team of
2643:Animal-powered transport
945:Human-powered helicopter
899:Human-powered helicopter
851:
470:Berlin Tempelhof Airport
408:. Prototypes often used
163:External thermal engines
120:Internal thermal engines
2518:Non-vehicular transport
1741:Human-powered transport
1446:(accessed Nov. 13 2012)
1137:Sherwin, Keith (1976).
1022:Camas Prairie Chronicle
930:Human-powered transport
829:brought into being the
656:On 23 August 1977, the
608:- Potter was a serving
356:human-powered transport
282:Pulse detonation engine
2694:Human-powered aircraft
2668:Zero-emissions vehicle
1486:SUHPA Official Website
940:Zero-emissions vehicle
935:Solar-powered aircraft
893:Helicopters/rotorcraft
755:Kanellos Kanellopoulos
703:
648:Kremer Prize successes
626:College of Aeronautics
560:Southampton University
547:
455:
344:human-powered aircraft
270:Gluhareff Pressure Jet
74:
1625:Cornelisse, Diana G.
1082:Lange, Bruno (1970).
698:
545:
450:
406:power-to-weight ratio
68:
1664:Flight International
1654:Flight International
1644:Flight International
1455:Gary Dorsey (1990),
1435:Geoffrey A. Landis,
1383:Flight International
1299:Taylor 1962, p. 151.
1167:14 June 2006 at the
1050:: 41. October 1923.
877:in 1984. By gaining
662:Dr Paul B. MacCready
491:Muskelkraft-Flugzeug
248:Air-augmented rocket
2689:American inventions
2606:Alpine touring skis
2416:Hand and foot power
2006:Cold-weather biking
1946:Small-wheel bicycle
1854:Glossary of cycling
1819:Cyclo-cross bicycle
1804:Cold-weather biking
1533:Man-powered airship
1260:1962 video document
1222:on October 1, 2007.
1009:Scientific American
433:Gerhardt Cycleplane
86:Aircraft propulsion
80:Part of a series on
2611:Cross-country skis
2275:Litter/sedan chair
1839:Flat bar road bike
1670:Taylor, John W. R.
1656:, 23 December 1971
1442:2012-02-02 at the
1422:2016-03-03 at the
1403:2011-10-03 at the
1364:: 36–. June 1963.
1139:To Fly Like a Bird
1033:Cornelisse (2002)
761:Passenger aircraft
704:
677:Gossamer Albatross
639:offered the first
548:
503:Halle an der Saale
456:
265:Valveless pulsejet
75:
2676:
2675:
2631:
2630:
2464:
2463:
2365:
2364:
2047:Motorized scooter
2042:Motorized bicycle
1921:Recumbent bicycle
1864:Motorized bicycle
1358:"Flying Magazine"
1098:Popular Mechanics
865:, among them the
773:Recent activities
675:flew MacCready's
460:Engelbert Zaschka
340:
339:
182:Electric aircraft
63:
62:
2701:
2522:
2521:
2476:Amphibious cycle
2431:(sliding rigger)
2376:
2375:
2157:Invalid carriage
2072:Other foot power
2030:Electric bicycle
1754:
1753:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1613:
1611:UTIAS Snowbird 2
1608:
1602:
1600:UTIAS Snowbird 1
1597:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1557:
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1535:
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1408:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1321:. Archived from
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1278:. Archived from
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1186:. Archived from
1185:
1177:
1171:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1115:. Archived from
1109:
1103:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
976:
871:in 1979 and the
572:Imperial College
474:assisted takeoff
332:
325:
318:
277:Aerospike engine
206:Reaction engines
77:
76:
58:
55:
49:
26:
18:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2627:
2579:
2513:
2480:
2460:
2434:
2411:
2361:
2352:Summer toboggan
2315:
2289:Weight shifting
2284:
2280:Scoop stretcher
2263:
2224:Pulled rickshaw
2214:Flatbed trolley
2182:
2166:
2130:
2067:
2063:Treadle bicycle
2051:
2015:
1981:Utility bicycle
1956:Touring bicycle
1906:Porteur bicycle
1874:Mountain biking
1844:Folding bicycle
1809:Cruiser bicycle
1779:Bicycle trailer
1743:
1738:
1682:
1646:, 16 March 1985
1622:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1605:
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1587:
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1574:
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1527:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1454:
1450:
1444:Wayback Machine
1434:
1430:
1424:Wayback Machine
1415:
1411:
1405:Wayback Machine
1396:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1319:"Archived copy"
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
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1273:
1269:
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658:Gossamer Condor
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610:Royal Air Force
579:Hatfield Puffin
568:Lasham Airfield
540:
507:tensioned cable
495:Franz Villinger
479:A craft called
418:
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336:
243:Air turborocket
176:Electric motors
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31:This article's
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1659:Hirst, Mike.
1658:
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1649:Dr K Sherwin
1648:
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1635:0-16-067599-5
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1325:on 2015-09-23
1324:
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1282:on 2012-02-10
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1265:
1264:British Pathé
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1193:on 2007-09-30
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1148:0-561-00283-5
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1119:on 2016-03-03
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825:In 2012, the
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587:John Wimpenny
584:
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569:
565:
561:
557:
556:Derek Piggott
553:
544:
538:First flights
535:
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528:Keith Sherwin
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195:Human-powered
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155:
152:
150:
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138:Wankel engine
136:
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131:Diesel engine
129:
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127:
126:Piston engine
124:
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115:
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100:
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93:Shaft engines
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78:
72:
67:
57:
47:
41:
39:
34:
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2584:Snow and ice
2491:
2403:(fixed seat)
2306:Caster board
2239:Stairclimber
2199:Baggage cart
2178:Rowing cycle
2089:Kick scooter
2079:Balance bike
2001:Wheelie bike
1966:Trailer bike
1926:Road bicycle
1799:City bicycle
1693:
1672:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1626:
1620:Bibliography
1606:
1595:
1584:
1575:
1561:
1550:
1539:
1528:
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1508:
1492:
1481:
1470:
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1431:
1412:
1382:
1378:
1361:
1352:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1313:
1304:
1295:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1270:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1237:The Guardian
1236:
1228:
1220:the original
1215:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1175:
1157:
1138:
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1117:the original
1107:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1008:
999:
988:. Retrieved
985:aero-mag.com
984:
974:
918:carbon fibre
907:
904:Ornithopters
872:
866:
860:
843:
824:
816:PSU Zephyrus
805:
780:
776:
764:
751:MIT Daedalus
731:MIT Daedalus
728:
720:
711:
705:
670:
655:
651:
637:Henry Kremer
634:
619:
599:
591:
576:
549:
531:
521:
511:
490:
480:
478:
463:
457:
441:Dayton, Ohio
437:McCook Field
430:
419:
403:
394:
387:
360:
347:
343:
341:
194:
71:MIT Daedalus
51:
35:
33:lead section
15:
2663:Human power
2509:Ornithopter
2337:Street luge
2254:Wheelbarrow
2084:Dandy horse
1916:Quadracycle
1889:Singletrack
1757:Pedal power
1501:Coupe Icare
955:Ornithopter
910:ornithopter
874:White Dwarf
767:Musculair 1
673:Bryan Allen
666:Bryan Allen
595:Liverpuffin
410:ornithopter
385:mechanism.
383:ornithopter
379:bevel gears
169:Steam power
107:ducted fans
2683:Categories
2596:Ice skates
2525:Foot power
2504:Helicopter
2469:Amphibious
2446:Hydrocycle
2439:Foot power
2379:Hand power
2332:Billy cart
2311:Snakeboard
2301:Pogo stick
2219:Hand truck
2204:Bath chair
2171:Row action
2162:Wheelchair
2135:Hand power
2126:Skateboard
2116:Freeskates
2106:Brakeboard
1996:Velomobile
1991:Velocipede
1896:Party bike
1794:Cargo bike
1789:Boneshaker
1385:1977 p1254
1329:2015-08-17
1286:2008-08-14
1245:9 November
1197:2007-04-15
1162:Pedaliante
1123:2008-08-14
990:2024-02-09
966:References
831:Icarus Cup
606:RAF Halton
532:HV-1 Mufli
523:Pedaliante
514:Enea Bossi
482:HV-1 Mufli
426:Washington
154:Turboshaft
99:propellers
2623:Snowshoes
2451:Hydrofoil
2342:Snowboard
2249:Toy wagon
2244:Stretcher
2147:Handcycle
2121:Longboard
2111:Freeboard
2010:ice cycle
1370:0015-4806
1056:0161-7370
846:Lake Biwa
747:Santorini
723:Monarch-B
712:Chrysalis
630:Cranfield
458:In 1934,
363:propeller
302:Shcramjet
189:Clockwork
149:Turboprop
38:summarize
2591:Crampons
2492:Aircraft
2347:Toboggan
2101:Kicksled
2094:Kickbike
1976:Unicycle
1971:Tricycle
1941:Sociable
1931:Roadster
1884:Downhill
1784:BMX bike
1440:Archived
1420:Archived
1401:Archived
1338:cite web
1241:. London
1165:Archived
924:See also
914:Snowbird
883:buoyancy
881:through
863:airships
857:Airships
791:marathon
739:Iraklion
718:pilots.
371:tricycle
352:aircraft
350:) is an
297:Scramjet
260:Pulsejet
255:Motorjet
226:Turbofan
221:Turbojet
215:Turbines
191:drives:
143:Turbines
111:propfans
97:driving
73:aircraft
54:May 2022
2652:outline
2648:Cycling
2568:Walking
2556:Running
2320:Gravity
2268:Carried
2152:Hobcart
2142:Handcar
2035:Pedelec
1986:Velocar
1849:Go-kart
1834:Fatbike
1773:outline
1769:Bicycle
1519:YouTube
887:airfoil
835:Airglow
749:in the
681:England
602:Jupiter
518:Italian
452:Zaschka
422:Riparia
400:History
367:bicycle
231:Propfan
2549:skates
2537:skates
2456:Pedalo
2429:Rowing
2423:Rowing
2401:Rowing
2296:Trikke
2023:assist
1829:Enduro
1694:Flight
1633:
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1362:Flying
1145:
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912:named
868:Snoopy
716:female
685:France
564:SUMPAC
552:glider
292:Ramjet
103:rotors
2391:Kayak
2386:Canoe
2371:Water
1191:(PDF)
1184:(PDF)
852:Types
743:Crete
679:from
566:) at
2497:list
2407:Punt
2259:Sled
2209:Cart
1879:27.5
1764:29er
1749:Land
1696:1913
1631:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1366:ISSN
1344:link
1247:2011
1216:Time
1143:ISBN
1052:ISSN
879:lift
620:The
577:The
2601:Ski
2485:Air
745:to
741:on
735:FAI
683:to
628:at
558:in
489:) (
439:in
369:or
348:HPA
109:or
101:,
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