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404:, a Republican, presiding. Congressman Gernerd told the committee that there were plans to have local celebrations in 1924 to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Huguenot voyage in cities where people of that heritage lived. Gernerd stated that while the sale of half dollars would raise money towards the observance, it was not intended as a serious fundraiser, but as a symbol of the occasion. He reminded the committee that the 300th anniversary of the voyage of the
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explained that both were "leaders in the strife for civil and religious liberty". Slabaugh, noting that the coin caused some controversy after it was issued, suggested that if the obverse had shown someone connected with the settlement of New
Netherland, "chances are that the coin would have borne no
596:
contained an article by F. J. Zwierlein, who stated that the new coin "is more
Protestant than the descriptions in the newspaper dispatches led us to believe". He asserted that the two men featured on the coin were not killed for their religion and were anti-Catholic: "the United States Government
467:
asked several questions about the bank's interest, but subsided once he was told that it would receive no compensation and that
President Harding was connected with the commission. The amended bill passed the House without objection. The following day, the Senate agreed to the House amendment, and
425:
Vestal stated that he could not support the bill as introduced because it did not designate who should order the coins, but
Gernerd indicated that the Fifth National Bank of New York had agreed to act in that capacity. Stoudt appeared before the committee, explaining that his commission planned a
690:
The coins were sold to the public for $ 1 each through the Fifth
National Bank and other outlets. Bulk sales were made to certain groups. The coins did not sell as well as expected, and 55,000 were returned, after which they were placed in circulation. Relatively few are known in worn condition,
387:
voyage, and sought the issuance of commemorative stamps and coins. At the time, commemorative coins were not sold by the government—Congress, in authorizing legislation, designated an organization which had the exclusive right to purchase the coins at face value and vend them to the public at a
635:
noted that the half dollar was probably one of Morgan's last works (he died in
January 1925) and that the coin "is a worthy conclusion to Morgan's long career of distinguished and rich production, marked by imagination within the conservative framework and by a generally high level of appeal".
442:
also spoke in favor. The witnesses, all urging passage of the bill, concluded with a number of local pastors, led by E. O. Watson, secretary of the
Federal Council of Churches. On February 10, 1923, Vestal issued a report recommending that the bill pass with an amendment adding the bank as the
533:
noted, " must have been doubly and trebly humiliating in that Fraser's initial was then adorning the current 5¢ nickel, while neither Barber's nor Morgan's was on any regular issue coinage then in production". On
January 3, 1924, Fraser wrote to Moore that the new models had been considerably
526:, "while the ideas intended to be expressed are excellent, the execution is bad. The lettering is poor, the heads are not well modeled and the ship is ill designed. The workmanship is below the standard of excellence attained in previous coins. The models are therefore not approved."
295:
Of the 300,000 coins authorized by
Congress, fewer than half were actually struck, and of these, 55,000 were returned to the Mint and released into circulation. The coin excited some controversy because of its sponsorship by a religious group. The choice of
667:(ANA). Wormser's involvement, and the fact that Stoudt was an ANA member, led numismatist John F. Jones to deem this issue "the first instance we believe, where the coin fraternity has been consulted in the issue of a commemorative half dollar".
714:. There was controversy in the press, which criticized the inclusion of William and Coligny as irrelevant to the commemoration and as religious propaganda. This in 1925 made politically infeasible the attempts of Minnesota Representative
597:
was duped into issuing this
Huguenot half-dollar so as to make a Protestant demonstration out of the tercentenary of the colonization of the State of New York". The president of the Huguenot Society of North Carolina responded in a
462:
calendar. Gernerd asked that the Senate-passed bill be substituted for the House bill (the two were identical) and when this was agreed, proffered an amendment to add the bank as the depository for the coins. Texas Congressman
706:, the ANA's journal, both as to whether William and Coligny should have appeared on the coin since they had nothing to do with the voyage, and whether the Churches of Christ should be allowed to sponsor a coin in view of the
896:"Coinage of 50-cent pieces in commemoration of the three hundredth anniversary of the settlement of New Netherland, the Middle States, in 1624, by Walloons, French and Belgian Huguenots, under the Dutch West India Company"
729:
Arlie R. Slabaugh, in his 1975 volume on commemoratives, noted that a uniface die trial of the reverse in brass was made. Swiatek in 2012 stated that both obverse and reverse die trials are known. The edition of
458:, and the Senate passed the bill without objection. The Senate-passed bill was received by the House the following day and was referred to Vestal's committee. On February 19, the House considered its bill on the
695:
to conclude the public picked them out of pocket change. Money from the Huguenot-Walloon half dollar was used towards a celebration in New York in May 1924, during which the National Huguenot Memorial Church on
324:
were French Protestants, who were often in conflict with the Catholic majority. Many Huguenots fled France in the 16th and 17th centuries, when there was intense persecution of them, most notably in the
491:
Stoudt supplied the concept for the coins, as well as sketches. Rather than seeking a private designer to produce plaster models, the Huguenot-Walloon commission approached the Mint's chief engraver,
843:
628:
with the years 1624 and 1924 to either side of the ship. Stoudt's sketch for the reverse was also used on the one cent denomination of the stamp set issued in conjunction with the tercentenary.
636:
Vermeule stated that the Huguenot-Walloon half dollar showed "that the die-engravers trained in and around the Mint did have the ability to combine clear-cut designs with considerable detail."
534:
improved, and complained that Vestal had advised the Huguenot-Walloon commission to have the models made at the Mint as he had been told by its officials that private artists made models in a
451:
663:. The Huguenot-Walloon commission, to boost sales, engaged as distributor the man they considered to be the most prominent numismatist in the country, Moritz Wormser, president of the
538:
too high to be easily coined. "It seems to me perfectly disgusting that this inane and lying criticism should go on constantly". The Fine Arts Commission approved the revised designs.
360:, the Dutch possessions centered on what is now the state of New York; more ships followed. They represented a large proportion of the early settlers of the area. In 1626,
2052:
1890:
1885:
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503:. Both Barber and Morgan felt that coins should be designed by the Mint's engravers, and were sometimes hostile when private sculptors were engaged to do the work.
578:, and according to Swiatek, "their relationship with the 1624 founding was strictly spiritual in nature," as the two are considered martyrs by Huguenots. The 1924
400:, who was of Huguenot descent. It received a hearing before the House Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures on February 7, with Indiana Representative
670:
438:
briefly addressed the committee in support, noting that the coins would likely be retained as souvenirs, to the profit of the government. West Virginia's
383:
accepted an honorary chairmanship. The commission, led by its chairman, Rev. Dr. John Baer Stoudt, planned an observance for the 300th anniversary of the
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published in 2018 lists the half dollar at between $ 125 and $ 650 depending on condition; a near-pristine specimen sold for $ 15,275 in 2015.
276:. Sketches were prepared by commission chairman Reverend John Baer Stoudt and converted to plaster models by the Mint's aging chief engraver,
1586:
1358:
Shultz, April (March 1991). "'The Pride of the Race Had Been Touched': The 1925 Norse-American Immigration Centennial and Ethnic Identity".
1496:
Coinage of 50-Cent Pieces in Commemoration of the Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Founding of New Netherland, the Middle States, in 1624
396:
A bill for a Huguenot-Walloon half dollar was introduced in the House of Representatives on January 15, 1923, by Pennsylvania Congressman
1991:
1944:
644:
2058:
2043:
2017:
1631:
616:, the only one of the national mottos usually present on U.S. coins to appear. The name of the country arcs above their heads, while
1900:
1774:
1500:
529:
After discussion, it was decided to allow Morgan to revise his model under Fraser's supervision. Numismatists Anthony Swiatek and
1997:
368:, famously purchased the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans for goods worth some 60 guilders, often rendered as $ 24.
242:
2366:
2209:
2188:
2146:
1950:
1721:
2193:
1979:
1607:
1546:
1527:
1483:
1461:
1434:
1415:
1314:
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607:, "that Coligny and William the Silent were 'martyrs in the fight for religious liberty' let the truth of history attest".
551:
1932:
468:
the bill was enacted by Harding's signature on February 26, 1923. The act provided for a maximum of 300,000 half dollars.
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1822:
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to mark the anniversary, and the bill passed through Congress without opposition in 1923 and was signed by President
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The men have their names below the busts on the obverse, and wear hats of their period. They gaze toward the legend
583:
religious significance and its promotion by the Churches of Christ in America would have been given little notice".
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2009:
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was also questioned as the men are considered martyrs by the Huguenots and died decades before the voyage of the
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of 1572. Among those who fell in the bloodbath that day was the Huguenot military and political leader, Admiral
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by Dr. Charles S. MacFarland, President of the Tercentenary Commission, in February 1924. To the left is
499:, had been chief engraver since 1917, following forty years as an assistant, mostly under Chief Engraver
372:
265:
2264:
1812:
1746:
1639:
1493:
United States House of Representatives Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures (February 7, 1923).
2401:
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1649:
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194:
143:
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in February and April 1924, with 80 of those pieces retained for inspection and testing by the 1925
1938:
365:
2391:
1967:
1926:
1920:
507:
371:
The Huguenot-Walloon New Netherland Commission was established in 1922 under the auspices of the
281:
261:
from what is now Belgium; they became early settlers of New York State and the surrounding area.
352:
in what is now Belgium. Some Huguenots and Walloons went elsewhere: on March 29, 1624, the ship
2130:
1973:
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1908:
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330:
301:
158:
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1005:
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is below them. Morgan's initial "M" is on Coligny's shoulder. The reverse depicts the ship
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8:
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574:, having been killed forty years or longer before it. Both were Protestant leaders of
1792:
1711:
1706:
1542:
1523:
1479:
1457:
1452:
The Encyclopedia of United States Silver & Gold Commemorative Coins, 1892 to 1954
1450:
1430:
1411:
1395:
1375:
1329:
1310:
715:
656:
500:
459:
439:
376:
312:. The coins are currently valued in the hundreds of dollars, depending on condition.
273:
2039:
1367:
660:
492:
480:
455:
277:
216:
172:
1304:
1769:
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989:
964:
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495:, who turned 78 in 1923. Morgan, best remembered for his 1878 design for the
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for the anniversary displays a design similar to the half dollar's reverse.
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397:
361:
341:
522:. On November 19, committee chairman Charles Moore wrote to Mint Director
2302:
2278:
1726:
103:
1807:
1741:
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570:(1533–1584). Neither had any direct involvement with the voyage of the
434:
purchasing Manhattan from the Native Americans. New Jersey Congressman
253:
which landed in the New York area in 1624. Many of the passengers were
1716:
1471:
406:
254:
1371:
655:
A total of 142,080 Huguenot-Walloon half dollars were struck at the
514:
by President Harding. Morgan's work was examined by sculptor member
417:
349:
321:
258:
132:
None, all pieces struck at the Philadelphia Mint without mint mark.
1306:
Commemorative Coins of the United States: A Complete Encyclopedia
1037:
1035:
1033:
807:
446:
A parallel bill was introduced into the Senate by Pennsylvania's
75:
1522:. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
2285:
1581:
1541:(Mega Red 4th ed.). Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing, LLC.
587:
559:
535:
154:
2333:
1078:
1030:
682:, French Ambassador to the United States, and to the right is
674:
The first Huguenot-Walloon half dollar presented to President
626:
HUGUENOT – WALLOON – TERCENTENARY – FOUNDING OF NEW NETHERLAND
510:, charged with rendering advisory opinions on coins by a 1921
1492:
878:
866:
801:
546:
506:
Morgan's models were transmitted on October 26, 1923, to the
249:
in 1924. It marks the 300th anniversary of the voyage of the
1427:
Encyclopedia of the Commemorative Coins of the United States
1326:
The Authoritative Reference on Commemorative Coins 1892–1954
454:. It was reported favorably on February 9 by Pennsylvania's
639:
336:
Many Huguenots who fled France settled in the Netherlands.
1203:
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was the honorary president of the commission, and King
375:
in anticipation of the upcoming anniversary. President
1179:
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1242:
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was dedicated. There was some debate in the pages of
1476:
An Illustrated History of U.S. Commemorative Coinage
1254:
1220:
1218:
1141:
1129:
768:
766:
764:
284:, which required revisions under the supervision of
1410:(second ed.). Racine, WI: Whitman Publishing.
1309:. Wolfeboro, NH: Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc.
1191:
1515:
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1342:
1278:
1266:
1117:
1090:
1056:
1054:
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819:
785:
783:
781:
1344:"The Series of United States Commemorative Coins"
1215:
1066:
761:
749:
2358:
1622:
1230:
1105:
373:Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America
1443:
1084:
1047:
1041:
813:
778:
2179:Lexington–Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar
718:, a Lutheran pastor, to obtain a coin for the
348:, a pro-Spanish zealot. There were Protestant
344:against Spain. He was assassinated in 1584 by
2025:
1608:
450:on January 29, 1923, and was referred to the
280:. The models were initially rejected by the
898:. United States Government Printing Office.
2032:
2018:
1945:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins
1615:
1601:
838:
836:
834:
686:, Belgian Ambassador to the United States.
193:
142:
2407:New York (state) historical anniversaries
2053:United States commemorative coins (1920s)
648:Uniface die trial of the reverse, in the
239:Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary half dollar
24:Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary half dollar
1539:A Guide Book of United States Coins 2014
1501:United States Government Printing Office
976:
974:
669:
643:
640:Production, distribution, and collecting
545:
475:
416:
2372:Early United States commemorative coins
831:
219:, based on sketches by John Baer Stoudt
175:, based on sketches by John Baer Stoudt
2359:
2210:United States Sesquicentennial coinage
2189:California Diamond Jubilee half dollar
2147:Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar
1951:American Liberty high relief gold coin
890:
2382:Huguenot history in the United States
2194:Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar
2013:
1596:
1555:
1147:
1135:
971:
844:"67 Bill Profile S. 4468 (1921–1923)"
2231:Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar
1510:
1405:
1209:
1197:
1123:
825:
772:
552:United States Post Office Department
121:142,080 including 80 pieces for the
18:US commemorative coin issued in 1924
2252:Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar
2184:Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar
1424:
1408:United States Commemorative Coinage
1185:
1099:
737:A Guide Book of United States Coins
586:The March 29, 1924, edition of the
13:
1556:Zwierlein, F.J. (March 29, 1924).
1536:
1357:
1299:
1284:
1272:
1248:
1224:
1002:
980:
955:
933:
911:
755:
724:a congressionally authorized medal
580:Report of the Director of the Mint
14:
2418:
2247:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar
2215:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar
1574:
1470:
1340:
1323:
1260:
1236:
1111:
1072:
1060:
1024:
879:House of Representatives hearings
867:House of Representatives hearings
802:House of Representatives hearings
789:
550:The one cent stamp issued by the
452:Committee on Banking and Currency
430:for one side, and for the other,
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2100:Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar
2084:Pilgrim Tercentenary half dollar
1580:
268:in America sought issuance of a
247:United States Bureau of the Mint
2105:Missouri Centennial half dollar
1153:
996:
949:
927:
905:
884:
712:of an establishment of religion
691:causing author and coin dealer
665:American Numismatic Association
426:design with the arrival of the
364:, the Director General for the
2110:Alabama Centennial half dollar
684:Emile de Cartier de Marchienne
650:National Numismatic Collection
471:
391:
340:was one of the leaders of the
327:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1:
2367:Currencies introduced in 1924
1478:. New York: Arco Publishing.
1456:. New York: Arco Publishing.
743:
566:(1519–1572) and Dutch leader
315:
2163:Huguenot-Walloon half dollar
2079:Maine Centennial half dollar
1624:Coinage of the United States
1587:Huguenot-Walloon half dollar
235:Huguenot-Walloon half dollar
59:30.61 mm (1.20 in)
7:
1429:. Chicago: KWS Publishers.
1406:Slabaugh, Arlie R. (1975).
1360:Journal of American History
1341:Jones, John F. (May 1937).
266:Federal Council of Churches
67:2.15 mm (0.08 in)
10:
2423:
2397:United States silver coins
1328:. Roswell, GA: Kyle Vick.
1293:
2239:
2223:
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2171:
2155:
2139:
2123:
2092:
2071:
1960:
1899:
1821:
1760:
1673:
1630:
1518:Numismatic Art in America
1425:Swiatek, Anthony (2012).
722:; he instead settled for
720:Norse-American Centennial
541:
412:seen a half dollar issued
223:
212:
201:
192:
187:
179:
168:
150:
141:
136:
128:
117:
109:
98:
81:
71:
63:
55:
47:
35:
28:
1010:Vol. 69, Page
988:Vol. 69, Page
963:Vol. 69, Page
941:Vol. 69, Page
919:Vol. 69, Page
562:busts of French admiral
366:Dutch West India Company
264:A commission run by the
1569:(subscription required)
1506:(subscription required)
1401:(subscription required)
1175:(subscription required)
1161:"Huguenot half-dollars"
901:(subscription required)
856:(subscription required)
508:Commission of Fine Arts
443:ordering organization.
282:Commission of Fine Arts
2291:Business and economics
2131:Grant Memorial coinage
1558:"Huguenot Half-Dollar"
687:
652:
555:
488:
422:
1537:Yeoman, R.S. (2018).
1324:Flynn, Kevin (2008).
894:(February 10, 1923).
853:– via ProQuest.
673:
647:
558:The obverse features
549:
479:
421:Rev. John Baer Stoudt
420:
1994:(1976, 1992–present)
1589:at Wikimedia Commons
1006:Congressional Record
984:Congressional Record
959:Congressional Record
937:Congressional Record
915:Congressional Record
680:Jean Jules Jusserand
618:HUGUENOT HALF DOLLAR
599:letter to the editor
1933:First Spouse (gold)
1512:Vermeule, Cornelius
1263:, pp. 394–395.
1251:, pp. 174–175.
1212:, pp. 167–168.
1188:, pp. 145–146.
1085:Swiatek & Breen
1042:Swiatek & Breen
1014:(February 20, 1923)
992:(February 19, 1923)
967:(February 10, 1923)
816:, pp. 105–106.
814:Swiatek & Breen
381:Albert I of Belgium
25:
1499:. Washington, DC:
1444:Swiatek, Anthony;
1169:The New York Times
945:(February 9, 1923)
923:(February 2, 1923)
688:
653:
633:Cornelius Vermeule
604:The New York Times
568:William the Silent
564:Gaspard de Coligny
556:
518:, designer of the
516:James Earle Fraser
489:
436:Ernest R. Ackerman
423:
338:William the Silent
331:Gaspard de Coligny
302:Gaspard de Coligny
298:William the Silent
290:James Earle Fraser
243:commemorative coin
163:William the Silent
159:Gaspard de Coligny
23:
2260:
2259:
2007:
2006:
1935:(2007–2016; 2020)
1585:Media related to
1548:978-0-7948-4580-3
1529:978-0-674-62840-3
1485:978-0-668-01536-3
1463:978-0-668-04765-4
1436:978-0-9817736-7-4
1417:978-0-307-09377-6
1316:978-0-943161-35-8
1027:, pp. 69–70.
716:Ole Juulson Kvale
708:First Amendment's
657:Philadelphia Mint
627:
619:
615:
501:Charles E. Barber
483:had designed the
465:Thomas L. Blanton
460:unanimous consent
440:Wells Goodykoontz
377:Warren G. Harding
304:to appear on the
274:Warren G. Harding
231:
230:
2414:
2402:Walloon diaspora
2377:Fifty-cent coins
2349:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2300:
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2289:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2064:
2062:
2049:
2046:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2011:
2010:
1992:Silver Proof Set
1980:Special Mint Set
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1570:
1567:
1552:
1533:
1521:
1507:
1504:
1489:
1467:
1455:
1440:
1421:
1402:
1399:
1366:(4): 1265–1295.
1354:
1346:
1337:
1320:
1301:Bowers, Q. David
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:. April 6, 1924.
1165:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1075:, pp. v–vi.
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1064:
1058:
1045:
1039:
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1016:
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978:
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902:
899:
888:
882:
881:, pp. 4–11.
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817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
776:
770:
759:
753:
661:Assay Commission
625:
622:Nieuw Nederlandt
617:
611:
572:Nieuw Nederlandt
493:George T. Morgan
481:George T. Morgan
428:Nieuw Nederlandt
385:Nieuw Nederlandt
354:Nieuw Nederlandt
346:Balthasar Gérard
310:Nieuw Nederlandt
278:George T. Morgan
251:Nieuw Nederlandt
217:George T. Morgan
207:Nieuw Nederlandt
197:
173:George T. Morgan
146:
123:Assay Commission
110:Years of minting
26:
22:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2235:
2219:
2198:
2167:
2151:
2135:
2119:
2088:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2008:
2003:
1956:
1939:Palladium Eagle
1895:
1817:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1756:
1697:1¢ (large size)
1688:
1684:
1683:
1669:
1626:
1621:
1577:
1568:
1549:
1530:
1505:
1486:
1464:
1437:
1418:
1400:
1372:10.2307/2078262
1350:The Numismatist
1317:
1296:
1291:
1287:, p. 1063.
1283:
1279:
1275:, p. 1287.
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1071:
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1059:
1048:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1001:
997:
979:
972:
954:
950:
932:
928:
910:
906:
900:
889:
885:
877:
873:
869:, pp. 1–4.
865:
861:
855:
848:
846:
842:
841:
832:
828:, pp. 3–5.
824:
820:
812:
808:
804:, pp. 6–7.
800:
796:
788:
779:
771:
762:
758:, p. 1062.
754:
750:
746:
703:The Numismatist
693:Q. David Bowers
676:Calvin Coolidge
642:
624:and the words,
613:IN GOD WE TRUST
576:the Reformation
544:
524:Robert J. Grant
512:executive order
474:
394:
318:
257:from France or
94:
39:50 cents (0.50
31:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2392:Ships on coins
2389:
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2379:
2374:
2369:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
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2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
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2068:
2066:
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2055:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1976:(1947–present)
1971:
1970:(1936–present)
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1953:(2015–present)
1948:
1942:
1941:(2017–present)
1936:
1930:
1929:(2006–present)
1924:
1923:(1997–present)
1921:Platinum Eagle
1918:
1917:(1986–present)
1912:
1911:(1986–present)
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
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1825:
1819:
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1810:
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1795:
1790:
1772:
1766:
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1758:
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1754:
1749:
1744:
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1734:
1729:
1724:
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1714:
1709:
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1699:
1694:
1679:
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1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
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1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1576:
1575:External links
1573:
1572:
1571:
1553:
1547:
1534:
1528:
1508:
1490:
1484:
1468:
1462:
1441:
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1338:
1321:
1315:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1239:, p. 394.
1229:
1227:, p. 174.
1214:
1202:
1200:, p. 167.
1190:
1178:
1152:
1150:, p. 566.
1140:
1138:, p. 565.
1128:
1116:
1114:, p. 104.
1104:
1102:, p. 146.
1089:
1087:, p. 105.
1077:
1065:
1046:
1044:, p. 106.
1029:
1017:
995:
970:
948:
926:
904:
892:Vestal, Albert
883:
871:
859:
830:
818:
806:
794:
792:, p. 103.
777:
760:
747:
745:
742:
641:
638:
631:Art historian
543:
540:
520:Buffalo nickel
473:
470:
393:
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358:New Netherland
317:
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286:Buffalo nickel
245:issued by the
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2327:United States
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1931:
1928:
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1847:
1844:
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1839:
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1826:
1824:
1823:Commemorative
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
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1481:
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1473:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1446:Breen, Walter
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1351:
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1339:
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1322:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
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1238:
1233:
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1221:
1219:
1211:
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1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1126:, p. 58.
1125:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1063:, p. 70.
1062:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1007:
999:
991:
987:
985:
977:
975:
966:
962:
960:
952:
944:
940:
938:
930:
922:
918:
916:
908:
897:
893:
887:
880:
875:
868:
863:
845:
839:
837:
835:
827:
822:
815:
810:
803:
798:
791:
786:
784:
782:
775:, p. 59.
774:
769:
767:
765:
757:
752:
748:
741:
739:
738:
733:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
699:
698:Staten Island
694:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
651:
646:
637:
634:
629:
623:
614:
608:
606:
605:
600:
595:
594:
589:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
548:
539:
537:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
497:Morgan dollar
494:
486:
485:Morgan dollar
482:
478:
469:
466:
461:
457:
456:George Pepper
453:
449:
448:David A. Reed
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
419:
415:
413:
409:
408:
403:
402:Albert Vestal
399:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
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343:
339:
334:
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328:
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303:
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293:
291:
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279:
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160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
140:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
102:0.36169
101:
97:
90:
87:
86:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:United States
27:
21:
16:
2162:
2115:Peace dollar
1998:Prestige Set
1986:Souvenir Set
1961:Special sets
1927:Gold Buffalo
1909:Silver Eagle
1561:
1538:
1517:
1495:
1475:
1451:
1426:
1407:
1363:
1359:
1348:
1325:
1305:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1080:
1068:
1020:
1004:
998:
982:
957:
951:
935:
929:
913:
907:
886:
874:
862:
847:. Retrieved
821:
809:
797:
751:
735:
732:R. S. Yeoman
728:
710:prohibition
701:
689:
654:
630:
621:
609:
602:
591:
585:
579:
571:
557:
531:Walter Breen
528:
505:
490:
445:
432:Peter Minuit
427:
424:
405:
398:Fred Gernerd
395:
384:
370:
362:Peter Minuit
356:set out for
353:
342:Dutch Revolt
335:
319:
309:
294:
263:
250:
238:
234:
232:
206:
104:troy oz
91:10.0% copper
88:90.0% silver
41:U.S. dollars
20:
15:
2339:Visual arts
2315:Numismatics
2000:(1983–1997)
1988:(1972–1998)
1982:(1964–1967)
1947:(2010–2021)
1793:3¢ (bronze)
1770:2¢ (billon)
1717:5¢ (silver)
1712:3¢ (nickel)
1707:3¢ (silver)
1632:Circulating
472:Preparation
392:Legislation
270:half dollar
224:Design date
180:Design date
161:(left) and
82:Composition
51:12.5 g
2361:Categories
1915:Gold Eagle
1727:$ 1 (gold)
1566:: 565–566.
1472:Taxay, Don
1353:: 393–396.
1003:1923
981:1923
956:1923
934:1923
912:1923
849:August 21,
744:References
316:Background
129:Mint marks
2387:Huguenots
1968:Proof Set
1396:163240744
1380:0021-8723
1334:711779330
1148:Zwierlein
1136:Zwierlein
407:Mayflower
388:premium.
322:Huguenots
288:designer
255:Huguenots
205:The ship
157:busts of
64:Thickness
1974:Mint Set
1762:Canceled
1675:Obsolete
1514:(1971).
1474:(1967).
1448:(1981).
1303:(1992).
1210:Vermeule
1198:Vermeule
1124:Slabaugh
826:Slabaugh
773:Slabaugh
590:journal
487:in 1878.
350:Walloons
259:Walloons
213:Designer
169:Designer
56:Diameter
2265:Portals
1901:Bullion
1783:⁄
1687:⁄
1563:America
1388:2078262
1294:Sources
1186:Swiatek
1100:Swiatek
593:America
306:obverse
188:Reverse
137:Obverse
118:Mintage
2059:1930s
1545:
1526:
1482:
1460:
1433:
1414:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1332:
1313:
1285:Yeoman
1273:Shultz
1249:Bowers
1225:Bowers
756:Yeoman
588:Jesuit
560:jugate
542:Design
536:relief
202:Design
155:Jugate
151:Design
99:Silver
76:Reeded
2351:Money
2047:1910s
1891:2020s
1886:2010s
1881:2000s
1876:1990s
1871:1980s
1866:1970s
1861:1950s
1856:1940s
1851:1930s
1846:1920s
1841:1910s
1836:1900s
1831:1800s
1813:$ 100
1732:$ 2.5
1392:S2CID
1384:JSTOR
1261:Jones
1237:Jones
1164:(PDF)
1112:Flynn
1073:Taxay
1061:Taxay
1025:Taxay
790:Flynn
241:is a
36:Value
2303:Ohio
2279:Arts
2240:1928
2224:1927
2203:1926
2172:1925
2156:1924
2140:1923
2124:1922
2093:1921
2072:1920
1808:$ 50
1752:$ 20
1747:$ 10
1543:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1376:ISSN
1330:OCLC
1311:ISBN
1012:4061
990:4034
965:3416
943:3295
921:2897
851:2015
410:had
320:The
300:and
233:The
227:1924
183:1924
113:1924
72:Edge
48:Mass
1803:$ 4
1798:$ 2
1742:$ 5
1737:$ 3
1722:20¢
1665:$ 1
1660:50¢
1655:25¢
1650:10¢
1368:doi
734:'s
601:of
237:or
2363::
1702:2¢
1645:5¢
1640:1¢
1560:.
1390:.
1382:.
1374:.
1364:77
1362:.
1347:.
1217:^
1166:.
1092:^
1049:^
1032:^
1008:,
986:,
973:^
961:,
939:,
917:,
833:^
780:^
763:^
726:.
414:.
333:.
292:.
2267::
2061:→
2045:←
2033:e
2026:t
2019:v
1788:¢
1785:2
1781:1
1778:+
1776:2
1692:¢
1689:2
1685:1
1616:e
1609:t
1602:v
1551:.
1532:.
1503:.
1488:.
1466:.
1439:.
1420:.
1398:.
1370::
1336:.
1319:.
43:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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