712:
In younger speakers, the uvular /q/ has merged with the glottal stop /ʔ/. Based on fieldwork from previous linguists and interviews with modern speakers, Kung theorizes that
223:
Huehuelta
Tepehua has 26 consonant phonemes.The following table lists these phonemes and uses Kung's practical orthography in angled brackets.
665:
1307:
544:
599:
585:
162:
455:
554:
374:
1312:
853:
843:
152:
1317:
875:
865:
534:
362:
138:
757:
753:
749:
745:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
804:
794:
568:
443:
904:
894:
609:
352:
342:
729:
721:
713:
826:
816:
731:
723:
394:
496:
487:
384:
433:
423:
244:
744:
Hueheutla
Tepehua has ten phonemic vowels. Earlier stages of the language only had six, with
634:
303:
293:
715:
511:
8:
465:
79:
416:
239:
187:
1288:
130:
279:
261:
199:
183:
84:
158:
1172:
256:
234:
191:
48:
1167:
Zendejas, Esther
Herrera (2021). "Mecapalapa Tepehua". Illustrations of the IPA.
626:
287:
251:
71:
143:
657:
326:
1176:
1301:
776:
404:
114:
771:
579:
210:
Word order tends to be VSO, although it can be SVO at times (Kung 2007).
788:
781:
886:
837:
524:
331:
123:
107:
170:
166:
1076:
195:
52:
37:
728:
between 1945 and 1984. When Kung began her fieldwork in 1999,
169:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1166:
198:. There are fewer than 1,500 speakers left according to
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
981:
973:
965:
957:
949:
941:
933:
1264:
1216:
1240:
1293:(Ph.D. thesis). The University of Texas at Austin.
1252:
923:Huehuetla Tepehua has a large variety of affixes.
1228:
1204:
1169:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
736:was only consistently found in speakers over 65.
1299:
1192:
709:, appear only in loanwords and ideophones.
1290:A Descriptive Grammar of Huehuetla Tepehua
163:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1300:
1180:, with supplementary sound recordings.
231:
1286:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
13:
1159:
14:
1329:
903:
893:
874:
864:
852:
842:
825:
815:
803:
793:
664:
633:
608:
598:
584:
567:
553:
543:
533:
510:
495:
486:
464:
454:
442:
432:
422:
403:
393:
383:
373:
361:
351:
341:
302:
292:
760:in complimentary distribution.
1308:Indigenous languages of Mexico
990:Aspectual derivational affixes
1:
1185:
918:
218:
1077:
213:
7:
1287:Kung, Susan Smythe (2007).
10:
1334:
1280:
1098:Non-agentive nominalizers
16:Tepehua language of Mexico
1177:10.1017/S0025100321000098
912:
890:
861:
812:
780:
775:
770:
739:
656:
625:
578:
523:
325:
286:
260:
255:
250:
243:
238:
233:
205:
149:
137:
121:
105:
100:
68:
58:
43:
33:
26:
21:
927:Valency-changing affixes
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1005:
997:
982:
974:
966:
958:
950:
942:
934:
1313:Mesoamerican languages
701:, as well as the flap
151:This article contains
1318:Totonacan languages
765:
460:⟨ch'⟩
448:⟨tz'⟩
228:
227:Consonant phonemes
1090:Agent nominalizer
1085:Derivative affixes
909:⟨aa⟩
880:⟨oo⟩
858:⟨ee⟩
831:⟨uu⟩
809:⟨ii⟩
763:
639:⟨rr⟩
549:⟨lh⟩
470:⟨k'⟩
438:⟨t'⟩
428:⟨p'⟩
379:⟨ch⟩
367:⟨tz⟩
226:
1273:, p. xv-xvi.
1225:, pp. 67–77.
916:
915:
899:⟨a⟩
870:⟨o⟩
848:⟨e⟩
821:⟨u⟩
799:⟨i⟩
689:The voiced stops
687:
686:
670:⟨r⟩
614:⟨y⟩
604:⟨l⟩
590:⟨w⟩
573:⟨j⟩
559:⟨x⟩
539:⟨s⟩
409:⟨7⟩
399:⟨q⟩
389:⟨k⟩
357:⟨t⟩
347:⟨p⟩
308:⟨n⟩
298:⟨m⟩
200:Susan Smythe Kung
180:Huehuetla Tepehua
177:
176:
159:rendering support
155:phonetic symbols.
144:Huehuetla Tepehua
90:Huehuetla Tepehua
64:1,500 (2007)
22:Huehuetla Tepehua
1325:
1294:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1179:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1008:
1000:
985:
977:
969:
961:
953:
945:
937:
910:
907:
900:
897:
881:
878:
871:
868:
859:
856:
849:
846:
832:
829:
822:
819:
810:
807:
800:
797:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
735:
727:
719:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
671:
668:
640:
637:
615:
612:
605:
602:
591:
588:
574:
571:
560:
557:
550:
547:
540:
537:
514:
499:
490:
482:
471:
468:
461:
458:
449:
446:
439:
436:
429:
426:
419:
410:
407:
400:
397:
390:
387:
380:
377:
368:
365:
358:
355:
348:
345:
338:
309:
306:
299:
296:
282:
275:
270:
229:
225:
184:Tepehua language
133:
117:
110:
74:
19:
18:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1298:
1297:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:, p. xiii.
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1162:
1160:Further reading
921:
908:
898:
879:
869:
857:
847:
830:
820:
808:
798:
764:Vowel Phonemes
742:
669:
638:
613:
603:
589:
572:
558:
548:
538:
480:
469:
459:
447:
437:
427:
415:
408:
398:
388:
378:
366:
356:
346:
336:
330:
307:
297:
278:
273:
268:
246:
221:
216:
208:
190:, northeastern
157:Without proper
129:
113:
106:
96:
75:
72:Language family
70:
61:
60:Native speakers
28:Lhiimaqalhqama7
17:
12:
11:
5:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1261:, p. xiv.
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1118:
1110:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
986:
978:
970:
962:
954:
946:
938:
929:
928:
920:
917:
914:
913:
911:
901:
891:
889:
883:
882:
872:
862:
860:
850:
840:
834:
833:
823:
813:
811:
801:
791:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
741:
738:
705:and the trill
685:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
662:
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
631:
629:
623:
622:
620:
618:
616:
606:
596:
594:
592:
582:
576:
575:
565:
563:
561:
551:
541:
531:
529:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
507:
505:
503:
501:
492:
483:
477:
476:
474:
472:
462:
452:
450:
440:
430:
420:
412:
411:
401:
391:
381:
371:
369:
359:
349:
339:
334:
323:
322:
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
310:
300:
290:
284:
283:
276:
271:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
242:
237:
232:
220:
217:
215:
212:
207:
204:
182:is a moribund
175:
174:
161:, you may see
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
127:
119:
118:
111:
103:
102:
101:Language codes
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
92:
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
45:
41:
40:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1330:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1237:, p. 53.
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1213:, p. 33.
1212:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1120:Instrumental
1119:
1116:
1112:Deverbalizer
1111:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:Desiderative
1034:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1002:
999:
994:
993:
989:
988:
984:
979:
976:
971:
968:
964:Instrumental
963:
960:
955:
952:
947:
944:
939:
936:
931:
930:
926:
925:
924:
906:
902:
896:
892:
888:
885:
884:
877:
873:
867:
863:
855:
851:
845:
841:
839:
836:
835:
828:
824:
818:
814:
806:
802:
796:
792:
790:
787:
786:
783:
778:
773:
768:
767:
761:
737:
733:
725:
717:
710:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
667:
663:
661:
659:
655:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
636:
632:
630:
628:
624:
621:
619:
617:
611:
607:
601:
597:
595:
593:
587:
583:
581:
577:
570:
566:
564:
562:
556:
552:
546:
542:
536:
532:
530:
528:
526:
522:
519:
517:
513:
508:
506:
504:
502:
498:
493:
489:
484:
479:
478:
475:
473:
467:
463:
457:
453:
451:
445:
441:
435:
431:
425:
421:
418:
414:
413:
406:
402:
396:
392:
386:
382:
376:
372:
370:
364:
360:
354:
350:
344:
340:
335:
333:
328:
324:
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
311:
305:
301:
295:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
267:
266:
263:
258:
253:
248:
241:
236:
230:
224:
211:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
154:
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
126:
125:
120:
116:
112:
109:
104:
99:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
57:
54:
50:
47:northeastern
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1289:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1168:
1142:Applicative
980:Applicative
922:
743:
720:merged into
711:
688:
222:
209:
179:
178:
150:
122:
89:
27:
1150:Comitative
1043:Repetitive
1019:Ambulative
995:Inchoative
972:Comitative
940:Reciprocal
580:Approximant
165:instead of
1302:Categories
1186:References
1011:Roundtrip
956:Causative
932:Reflexive
919:Morphology
219:Consonants
186:spoken in
1271:Kung 2007
1259:Kung 2007
1247:Kung 2007
1235:Kung 2007
1223:Kung 2007
1211:Kung 2007
1199:Kung 2007
1134:Locative
1075:Proximal
1003:Imminent
525:Fricative
332:Affricate
214:Phonology
188:Huehuetla
124:Glottolog
108:ISO 639-3
80:Totonacan
1171:: 1–17.
417:ejective
274:sibilant
247:alveolar
240:Alveolar
202:(2007).
171:Help:IPA
131:hueh1236
1281:Sources
1067:Distal
1022:-t'ajun
948:Dative
777:Central
758:/oː,uː/
750:/eː,iː/
280:lateral
262:Glottal
192:Hidalgo
167:Unicode
85:Tepehua
49:Hidalgo
1054:-choqo
1051:Again
1038:-putun
1030:-tzuku
1027:Begin
756:, and
740:Vowels
697:, and
481:voiced
257:Uvular
235:Labial
206:Syntax
196:Mexico
53:Mexico
44:Region
38:Mexico
1153:t'aa-
1145:lhii-
1129:lhaa-
1078:-chii
1070:-chaa
1062:-qoju
1046:-pala
983:lhii-
975:t'aa-
772:Front
754:/o,u/
746:/e,i/
627:Trill
337:plain
288:Nasal
269:plain
252:Velar
245:Post-
1137:puu-
1126:and
1123:paa-
1107:-nti
1104:and
1093:–nV7
1059:All
1014:kii-
967:puu-
959:maa-
943:laa-
935:-kan
789:High
782:Back
658:Flap
327:Stop
1173:doi
1101:–ti
1006:ti-
998:ta-
951:-ni
887:Low
838:Mid
707:/r/
703:/ɾ/
699:/g/
695:/d/
691:/b/
456:tʃʼ
444:tsʼ
153:IPA
139:ELP
115:tee
1304::
1115:-n
905:aː
876:oː
854:eː
827:uː
805:iː
752:,
748:,
716:qʼ
693:,
515:)
500:)
491:)
466:kʼ
434:tʼ
424:pʼ
375:tʃ
363:ts
194:,
51:,
1201:.
1175::
895:a
866:o
844:e
817:u
795:i
734:/
732:q
730:/
726:/
724:q
722:/
718:/
714:/
666:ɾ
635:r
610:j
600:l
586:w
569:h
555:ʃ
545:ɬ
535:s
512:g
509:(
497:d
494:(
488:b
485:(
405:ʔ
395:q
385:k
353:t
343:p
329:/
304:n
294:m
173:.
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