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that side, they would all be conquered." Huck then stated that "even if the rebels were as thick as trees, and Jesus Christ would come down and lead them, he would still defeat them," following which he and his troopers confiscated all the men's horses. Actions like these quickly earned Huck the nickname "the swearing captain" and further angered the
Presbyterian inhabitants of the backcountry. After witnessing Huck's tirade, one resident, Daniel Collins, told his wife, "I have come home determined to take my gun and when I lay it down, I lay down my life with it."
882:, in an unsuccessful attempt to discover Bratton's whereabouts. Huck's second-in-command intervened and disciplined the offending Loyalist soldier. Huck next arrested three elderly neighbors of the Brattons, including Col. Bratton's older brother Robert, and told them they too would be executed the next day. William Bratton Jr. recollected these details more than half a century later in an unpublished manuscript. At the time of the events, he was a six-year-old “clinging to his mothers dress and transfixed with horror and fright”.
1308:
903:
aim" at their opponents as they emerged. Huck mounted a horse to rally his troops and was shot in the head by John
Carroll, who had loaded two balls in his rifle. Some of the Loyalists surrendered while others fled, hotly pursued by Patriots seeking vengeance. Tory losses were very high. Tarleton later reported that only twenty-four men escaped. Patriot losses were one killed and one wounded; the five prisoners were also released from the corncrib unharmed.
22:
768:
916:. Edgar has called Huck's Defeat "a major turning point in the American Revolution in South Carolina." It was the first of more than thirty-five important battles in South Carolina in late 1780 and early 1781, all but five of which were partisan victories. This chain of successes was essential to the major Patriot victories at
859:. On July 11, 1780, Huck raided the home of the partisan leader Captain John McClure on Fishing Creek in present-day Chester County, caught his brother and brother-in-law with newly made bullets, and sentenced them to hang as traitors at sunrise the next day. Huck's detachment, consisting of about 35
902:
Huck's security was extremely lax. Shortly after sunrise, at least two of the
Patriot groups managed to attack simultaneously. Huck's troops were caught completely by surprise; many were still asleep. The partisans rested their rifles on a split rail fence, from which "they took unerring and deadly
1105:
Scoggins, 114-117; Edgar, 82. Huck was buried nearby. Years later his body was exhumed by Dr. James
Simpson—the son of the minister whose library and home Huck had burned—and displayed in his medical office. The skeleton was then said to have been taken by the Simpson family when they immigrated to
911:
Although the numbers engaged were small, the importance of the skirmish was immediately clear. As South
Carolina historian Walter Edgar has written, "The entire backcountry seemed to take heart. Frontier militia had defeated soldiers of the feared British Legion." Volunteers streamed in to join the
846:
After destroying Hill's
Ironworks and putting the rebel garrison there to flight, Huck convened a compulsory meeting of the remaining male residents of the New Acquisition District (mostly men too old to fight), and proclaimed that "God almighty had become a rebel, but if there were twenty gods on
731:
abrogated the terms of surrender, which had allowed parolees to remain neutral for the remainder of the war. Under terms of the proclamation of June 3, 1780, Patriots were compelled to either take an oath of loyalty to the king or be regarded as "rebels and enemies of their country." Clinton then
898:
With intelligence provided by John McClure's younger sister, Mary, and a
Bratton family slave named Watt, the loosely organized Patriot forces swarmed after Huck. About 150 arrived in the vicinity of Williamson's plantation that night, commanded by experienced militia officers. After a brief
854:
Valley was to rough-up backcountry women, confiscate food and horses, and generally threaten prison and death to any who dared resist him and his men. This simply encouraged more men to join the rebels, who were organizing a militia brigade under
Brigadier General
885:
Huck then proceeded a quarter of a mile southeast of
Bratton's plantation to the neighboring house of an elderly Patriot named James Williamson, where he and his approximately 115 men made camp for the night. The five prisoners were secured in a
818:
whose property was confiscated by the
Patriots after the British evacuated Philadelphia. He was then banished from the state and joined the British army at New York. Huck held a great deal of bitterness toward Patriots in general, and the
1549:
1086:
These included Col. William Bratton, Col. Andrew Neel, Col. Edward Lacey, Capt. John McClure, Capt. John Moffett, and others, a majority of whom were from the present-day South Carolina counties of York and
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On June 1, 1780, British forces established a fortified outpost at Rocky Mount on the upper Catawba River, near the North Carolina border, and left a garrison there under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
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had fled to North Carolina when Charleston fell), backcountry Patriots selected their own leaders to continue the fight against the "senseless cruelty of the
737:
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336:
814:, to find the rebel leaders and persuade other area residents to swear allegiance to the king. A native of Germany, Huck was one of many Pennsylvania
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Presbyterians in particular. During an earlier incursion into what was then called the Upper District between the Broad and Catawba Rivers (modern
154:
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728:
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772:
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militia, then advanced once more into the New Acquisition and arrived at the plantation of another Patriot militia leader, Colonel
32:
90:
62:
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860:
827:), his troops had murdered an unarmed boy, reportedly while he was reading a Bible, and burnt the home and library of Rev.
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878:, later that evening. Shortly thereafter, one of Huck's soldiers put a reaping hook to the neck of Col. Bratton's wife,
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The Day It Rained Militia: Huck's Defeat and the Revolution in the South Carolina Backcountry, May–July 1780
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The Day It Rained Militia: Huck's Defeat and the Revolution in the South Carolina Backcountry, May–July 1780
58:
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635:
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on July 12, 1780, and was one of the first battles of the southern campaign to be won by Patriot militia.
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936:. Places 'Huck's Defeat' or 'Battle of Williamson's Planation' in overall sequence and strategic context.
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148:
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Quoted from memoirs of Col. William Hill and Maj. Joseph McJunkin, in Scoggins, 52, 88; Edgar, 73-74.
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reconnaissance and some discussion, they agreed to attack Huck from three directions simultaneously.
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minister. A week later, Huck and his men invaded the New Acquisition District (roughly modern
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Partisans and Redcoats: The Southern Conflict that turned the Tide of the American Revolution
959:
Partisans and Redcoats: The Southern Conflict That Turned the Tide of the American Revolution
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430:
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83:
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Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution with an Historical Essay
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519:
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Colonel William Bratton Cabin - Battle of Huck's Defeat at Historic Brattonsville
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259:
1202:"Huck's Defeat or the Battle of Williamson's Plantation, S.C., July 12, 1780,"
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Alabama, and then to California. Scoggins, 227; see also Michael C. Scoggins,
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304:
212:
169:
156:
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Battles in the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War 1780–1783
832:
807:
798:, a career British officer who commanded a Loyalist regiment known as the
39:
751:
militia" and the "cruel and contemptuous treatment of the populace" by
840:
21:
887:
871:
815:
703:
forces captured the only significant American army in the South at
1196:"The 1780 Presbyterian Rebellion and the Battle of Huck's Defeat"
863:
767:
743:
In the absence of civil government in South Carolina (Governor
1245:
1535:
Battles of the American Revolutionary War in South Carolina
974:(Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1966, 1984), I: 553.
748:
957:(Charleston: History Press, 2005), 41-50; Walter Edgar,
1032:(New York: Arno Press, 1979), 25, quoted in Edgar, 63.
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if she did not reveal the whereabouts of her husband
707:
and quickly occupied four vital seats of government:
732:departed for New York, leaving Lieutenant-General
1526:
1205:Publications of the Southern History Association
843:of William Hill, another influential Patriot.
218:
203:
334:
1231:
934:American Revolutionary War § War in the South
320:
48:introducing citations to additional sources
727:had been fully defeated in South Carolina,
1238:
1224:
327:
313:
1247:South Carolina in the American Revolution
1030:Autobiography of a Revolutionary Soldier
783:. (Mid-nineteenth century illustration,
766:
111:Battle of the American Revolutionary War
38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1153:Scoggins, 143-146, 155-159; Edgar, 144.
961:(New York: HarperCollins, 2001), 54-55.
1527:
1219:
1170:(Charleston: The History Press, 2005)
308:
912:partisan militia brigade of General
15:
1540:Battles involving the United States
831:, a Patriot leader and influential
810:lawyer and a captain in Tarleton's
13:
1175:"Capt. Christin Huck: A Biography"
1160:
1108:"Capt. Christin Huck: A Biography"
802:. In early July, Turnbull ordered
14:
1581:
681:Battle of Williamson's Plantation
1369:Battle of Mobley's Meeting House
1306:
1191:(New York: William Morrow, 2001)
1096:Scoggins, 109-113; Edgar, 79-81.
1059:Scoggins, 105-107; Edgar, 77-78.
762:
299:81 killed, wounded, and captured
253:
241:
220:
205:
31:relies largely or entirely on a
20:
1545:Battles involving Great Britain
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1129:
1120:
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1090:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1041:Scoggins, 93-96; Edgar, 74-75.
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1022:
1013:
1004:
1001:Scoggins, 68-70; Edgar, 58-59.
995:
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977:
964:
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825:Chester County, South Carolina
1:
1144:Edgar, 86; Scoggins, 129-130.
1126:Scoggins, 126-128; Edgar, 83.
1077:Scoggins, 107-108; Edgar, 78.
940:
906:
755:commander Lieutenant Colonel
694:
1504:Battle of the Combahee River
1266:Siege of Savage's Old Fields
775:soldier threatening to kill
7:
1565:York County, South Carolina
1514:British evacuate Charleston
1429:Battle of Blackstock's Farm
1333:Action of 11 September 1779
1281:Battle of Sullivan's Island
1207:, 1 (October 1897): 247–52.
983:Scoggins, 47-52; Edgar, 73.
927:
837:York County, South Carolina
689:York County, South Carolina
149:York County, South Carolina
10:
1586:
1271:Battle of Great Cane Brake
705:Charleston, South Carolina
685:American Revolutionary War
126:American Revolutionary War
1555:1780 in the United States
1494:Battle of Videau's Bridge
1486:
1437:
1341:
1315:
1304:
1253:
1135:Scoggins, 117; Edgar, 85.
893:
687:that occurred in present
683:was an engagement of the
348:
288:
273:
234:
197:
170:34.8652278°N 81.1756194°W
131:
123:
118:
1455:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
1419:Battle of Tearcoat Swamp
1414:Battle of Kings Mountain
1354:Battle of Monck's Corner
1298:Battle of Lindley's Fort
1276:Battle of the Rice Boats
1478:Battle of Eutaw Springs
1404:Battle of Musgrove Mill
1399:Battle of Fishing Creek
1384:Battle of Cedar Springs
1359:Battle of Lenud's Ferry
175:34.8652278; -81.1756194
1570:1780 in South Carolina
1509:Battle of James Island
1424:Battle of Fishdam Ford
1389:Battle of Hanging Rock
790:
604:House in the Horseshoe
381:Mobley's Meeting House
235:Commanders and leaders
1409:Battle of Black Mingo
1374:Battle of Rocky Mount
1328:Battle of Stono Ferry
1173:Michael C. Scoggins,
1166:Michael C. Scoggins,
953:Michael C. Scoggins,
866:, 20 soldiers of the
839:), and destroyed the
770:
289:Casualties and losses
1450:Siege of Fort Watson
890:to await execution.
850:Huck's style in the
569:Guilford Court House
44:improve this article
1465:Siege of Ninety-Six
1460:Siege of Fort Motte
1349:Siege of Charleston
1068:Scoggins, chapter 4
868:New York Volunteers
800:New York Volunteers
166: /
1323:Battle of Beaufort
1200:Marcus J. Wright,
1181:2010-11-03 at the
1113:2010-11-03 at the
1050:Scoggins, 101-104.
1028:James P. Collins,
992:Scoggins, 215-225.
791:
736:in command of the
500:Spencer's Ordinary
426:Wahab's Plantation
1560:Conflicts in 1780
1522:
1521:
1445:Battle of Cowpens
1364:Battle of Waxhaws
757:Banastre Tarleton
729:Sir Henry Clinton
671:
670:
544:Torrence's Tavern
474:Yorktown Campaign
461:Blackstock's Farm
303:
302:
193:
192:
109:
108:
94:
1577:
1499:Battle of Wambaw
1394:Battle of Camden
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970:Lorenzo Sabine,
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723:. Believing the
589:Portevent’s Mill
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338:Southern theater
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189:American victory
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1470:Capture of HMS
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1183:Wayback Machine
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1161:Further reading
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1019:Sabine, I: 553.
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978:
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918:King's Mountain
909:
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876:William Bratton
796:George Turnbull
786:Harper's Weekly
765:
734:Lord Cornwallis
697:
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667:
636:Videau's Bridge
554:Pyle's Massacre
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59:"Huck's Defeat"
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1187:Walter Edgar,
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908:
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861:British Legion
812:British Legion
804:Christian Huck
777:Martha Bratton
773:British Legion
764:
761:
753:British Legion
740:in the South.
696:
693:
669:
668:
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663:Chesapeake Bay
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646:Combahee River
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619:Lindley's Mill
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579:Hobkirk's Hill
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441:Kings Mountain
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42:. Please help
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1379:Huck's Defeat
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1286:Moultrie Flag
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1261:Snow Campaign
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914:Thomas Sumter
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873:
869:
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858:
857:Thomas Sumter
853:
852:Catawba River
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838:
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826:
822:
817:
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763:Preliminaries
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750:
746:
745:John Rutledge
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735:
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714:
710:
706:
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699:In May 1780,
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161:81°10′32.23″W
158:34°51′54.82″N
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139:July 12, 1780
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61: –
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55:Find sources:
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33:single source
29:This article
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1291:Carolina Day
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1194:Sam Thomas,
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1177:(July 2002)
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821:Scotch-Irish
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505:Green Spring
485:Waters Creek
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456:Fishdam Ford
446:Shallow Ford
406:Hanging Rock
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282:55 regulars
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198:Belligerents
124:Part of the
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1117:July 2002).
574:Fort Watson
549:Summerfield
529:The Village
431:Black Mingo
401:Rocky Mount
279:250 militia
173: /
1529:Categories
941:References
907:Importance
721:Ninety Six
717:Georgetown
695:Background
624:Raft Swamp
599:Ninety-Six
584:Fort Motte
515:Chesapeake
490:Cape Henry
361:Charleston
356:1st Mobile
284:60 militia
70:newspapers
870:, and 60
841:ironworks
816:Loyalists
564:Pensacola
510:Francisco
495:Blandford
436:Charlotte
342:1780–1783
296:1 wounded
294:1 killed
100:July 2023
40:talk page
1179:Archived
1111:Archived
1087:Chester.
928:See also
888:corncrib
872:Loyalist
864:dragoons
725:Patriots
520:Yorktown
480:Richmond
274:Strength
144:Location
922:Cowpens
781:William
701:British
679:or the
594:Augusta
534:Cowpens
376:Waxhaws
266:†
84:scholar
1472:Savage
894:Battle
880:Martha
719:, and
713:Cheraw
709:Camden
641:Wambaw
411:Camden
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186:Result
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91:JSTOR
77:books
1487:1782
1438:1781
1342:1780
1316:1779
1254:1775
920:and
806:, a
749:Tory
657:1783
630:1782
467:1781
351:1780
136:Date
63:news
46:by
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