255:
37:
218:, the Howards at 160 to 170 mph (270 km/h) could match their speed and range. The rear seat exceeded airline leg room with limousine-like spaciousness. With its high wing loading, the Howards rode through most turbulence with airline-like solidity. The -11 was probably the ultimate of the series. Configured as a four-place aircraft with the 450 hp (340 kW)
232:, most of the civilian Howards were commandeered by the military. The Army used them as officer transports and as ambulance planes. They were used variously as an officer's utility transport and for instrument training. The Howard was and is an excellent instrument platform, very stable and solid, especially compared to modern light aircraft.
180:, was purportedly the fastest four-seat civil aircraft of the late 1930s, able to achieve a top speed of about 200 miles per hour (320 km/h). A favorite of the high society and Hollywood circles, the DGA-11 cost about $ 16,500 in 1938. These aircraft were a direct developments of the famous Howard racing plane
172:
The various models were distinguished by different engine choices and detail changes, and were built and sold in parallel to each other. A number of examples were built as one type and converted to another during their lifetimes. The DGA-11, powered by a nine-cylinder 450 horsepower (340 kW)
202:
racing success brought the DGA series much attention, and in its various permutations, differentiated mainly by different powerplants, the DGAs -8, -9, -11, -12 (and later
761:
2082:
725:
684:
659:
654:
236:
543:
747:
633:
2092:
2102:
1528:
1454:
1375:
1258:
254:
2054:
2049:
1726:
1714:
259:
240:
1975:
1744:
1501:
973:
755:
1631:
1385:
995:
302:
174:
1547:
1432:
740:
626:
17:
1506:
1483:
1459:
1449:
1370:
1313:
2097:
1952:
1788:
1626:
1308:
1184:
1142:
1000:
757:
642:
157:
73:
1995:
1761:
1719:
1611:
1513:
1444:
1350:
1127:
1097:
1092:
1082:
1077:
2039:
1843:
1658:
1606:
1596:
1584:
958:
953:
206:) emerged as coveted aircraft, owned by corporations, wealthy individuals, and movie stars, such as
2087:
1980:
1793:
1636:
1618:
1471:
1174:
733:
619:
422:
1778:
1579:
1523:
1360:
36:
1739:
1557:
1488:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1248:
1179:
1067:
923:
883:
828:
500:
263:
68:
325:- DGA-8/ -9/ -12 and -15 aircraft impressed into service with the USAAC as utility transports.
1875:
1756:
1751:
1731:
1686:
1415:
1395:
1221:
1072:
1062:
1015:
1010:
928:
893:
480:
187:
2065:
Not assigned • Assigned to multiple types • Unconfirmed
2016:
1957:
1853:
1696:
1466:
1030:
551:
8:
1927:
1706:
1701:
1201:
1132:
1005:
908:
868:
1932:
1681:
1320:
219:
1895:
1828:
1340:
1288:
1159:
1117:
1087:
576:, but the DGA-11 area is calculated omitting the area displaced by the fuselage cabin
505:
161:
156:
were a family of four-place, single-engine, high-wing light monoplanes built by the
1985:
1860:
1653:
1601:
1437:
1293:
1278:
1194:
235:
A number of these aircraft still fly, and another example of a DGA-11, restored by
214:
owned and flew a DGA-11 "El Turia" (NC22402). In an era when airlines were flying
1917:
1910:
1848:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1298:
1216:
1112:
918:
903:
898:
888:
878:
863:
510:
1885:
1806:
1330:
1303:
948:
2076:
2011:
1811:
1591:
1518:
1476:
1420:
1335:
1325:
1268:
1231:
1206:
1152:
1020:
913:
858:
833:
823:
818:
803:
793:
788:
714:
709:
704:
425:
207:
203:
177:
132:
1905:
1900:
1838:
1833:
1773:
1691:
1427:
1390:
1380:
1365:
1355:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1211:
1137:
1122:
1102:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1025:
990:
983:
978:
968:
963:
943:
938:
933:
813:
783:
694:
679:
674:
669:
664:
312:
288:
274:
229:
215:
199:
182:
84:
2044:
2023:
1990:
1880:
1345:
1189:
873:
853:
848:
843:
808:
798:
778:
211:
1865:
1823:
1818:
1798:
1663:
1493:
1273:
1169:
453:
1236:
1226:
1164:
1107:
515:
611:
388:
1283:
573:
606:
222:
305:
engine (4 built; several more converted from DGA-8, -9 etc.)
210:, who was himself a pilot. Spanish conductor and pianist
602:. London: Bright Star Publishing. File 896 Sheet 29.
495:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
572:The wing span and chord are the same as the later
190:'s "DGA" prefix stood for "Damned Good Airplane".
2074:
741:
627:
315:engine (2 built, both impressed by USAAF as
464:869 nmi (1,000 mi, 1,609 km)
2083:1930s United States civil utility aircraft
748:
734:
634:
620:
332:
277:engine (18 built, 1 impressed by USAAF as
458:250 kn (288 mph, 463 km/h)
443:170 kn (196 mph, 315 km/h)
291:engine (7 built, 2 impressed by USAAF as
41:Airworthy Howard DGA-11 exhibited in 1990
253:
594:. London: Studio Editions. p. 511.
476:22.2 lb/sq ft (108 kg/m)
449:60 kn (69 mph, 111 km/h)
14:
2075:
589:
729:
615:
641:
372:38 ft 0 in (11.59 m)
24:
607:Howard Aircraft Foundation website
541:
384:185 sq ft (17.2 m)
366:25 ft 5 in (7.75 m)
260:Arkansas Air & Military Museum
241:Arkansas Air & Military Museum
25:
2114:
760:designations, Army/Air Force and
378:8 ft 5 in (2.57 m)
600:World Aircraft Information Files
35:
30:DGA-8, DGA-9, DGA-11, and DGA-12
2093:Single-engined tractor aircraft
592:Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation
303:Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior
175:Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior
590:Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989).
566:
535:
167:
13:
1:
523:
470:26,000 ft (7,926 m)
415:4,100 lb (1,860 kg)
409:4,100 lb (1,860 kg)
403:2,450 lb (1,111 kg)
258:Howard DGA-9 / DGA-11 at the
2103:Aircraft first flown in 1936
7:
2005:Non-sequential designations
758:military transport aircraft
489:
249:
158:Howard Aircraft Corporation
10:
2119:
228:With America's entry into
193:
2063:
2032:
2004:
1967:Revived original sequence
1966:
1672:
769:
650:
428:, 400-450 hp (299-336 kW)
423:Pratt & Whitney R-985
128:
120:
115:
107:
99:
91:
79:
67:
59:
51:
46:
34:
29:
770:Army/Air Force sequence
345:General characteristics
333:Specifications (DGA-11)
501:Beechcraft Staggerwing
340:{name of first source}
266:
264:Fayetteville, Arkansas
544:"Bio7-All Dressed Up"
257:
239:, can be seen in the
2033:Related designations
1673:Tri-service sequence
103:Private pilot owners
413:Max takeoff weight:
220:Pratt & Whitney
47:General information
2098:High-wing aircraft
454:Never exceed speed
267:
2070:
2069:
723:
722:
548:manyfountains.com
506:Spartan Executive
396:
186:. Designer/pilot
162:Chicago, Illinois
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
2110:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1924:
1892:
1872:
1785:
1770:
1650:
1645:
840:
750:
743:
736:
727:
726:
636:
629:
622:
613:
612:
603:
595:
577:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
554:on 24 April 2018
550:. Archived from
539:
468:Service ceiling:
436:
394:
347:
95:Still in service
55:Utility aircraft
39:
27:
26:
21:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2088:Howard aircraft
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2059:
2028:
2000:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1922:
1890:
1870:
1783:
1768:
1674:
1668:
1648:
1643:
838:
771:
765:
754:
724:
719:
646:
640:
598:
581:
580:
571:
567:
557:
555:
540:
536:
526:
511:Stinson Reliant
492:
432:
343:
335:
329:
311:- version with
301:- version with
287:- version with
273:- version with
252:
246:
196:
183:Mister Mulligan
170:
87:
60:National origin
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2116:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1969:(2005–present)
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1675:(1962–present)
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
987:
986:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
775:
773:
767:
766:
756:United States
753:
752:
745:
738:
730:
721:
720:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
651:
648:
647:
639:
638:
631:
624:
616:
610:
609:
604:
596:
586:
585:
579:
578:
565:
533:
532:
531:
530:
525:
522:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
491:
488:
487:
486:
477:
471:
465:
459:
450:
444:
441:Maximum speed:
430:
429:
416:
410:
404:
398:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
355:
334:
331:
327:
326:
320:
306:
296:
282:
251:
248:
195:
192:
169:
166:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
83:
81:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
985:
982:
981:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
768:
763:
759:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
731:
728:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
644:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
618:
617:
614:
608:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
587:
583:
582:
575:
569:
553:
549:
545:
542:Hughes, Mel.
538:
534:
528:
527:
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517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
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499:
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484:
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478:
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474:Wing loading:
472:
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463:
460:
457:
455:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
438:
437:
435:
427:
426:radial engine
424:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
407:Gross weight:
405:
402:
401:Empty weight:
399:
397:12 (reflexed)
392:
390:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
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359:
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231:
226:
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221:
217:
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209:
208:Wallace Beery
205:
201:
191:
189:
185:
184:
179:
178:radial engine
176:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
133:Howard DGA-15
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
70:
66:
63:United States
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
18:Howard DGA-11
1147:
699:
689:
599:
591:
584:Bibliography
568:
556:. Retrieved
552:the original
547:
537:
520:
494:
493:
479:
473:
467:
461:
452:
447:Stall speed:
446:
440:
433:
431:
418:
412:
406:
400:
387:
381:
375:
369:
363:
360:3 passengers
357:
351:
344:
342:
337:
336:
328:
322:
316:
308:
298:
292:
284:
278:
275:Wright R-760
270:
245:
234:
230:World War II
227:
197:
181:
171:
153:
149:
145:
142:Howard DGA-8
141:
139:
121:First flight
108:Number built
100:Primary user
85:Benny Howard
69:Manufacturer
1632:YC-137 (II)
772:(1925–1962)
762:Tri-Service
434:Performance
419:Powerplant:
237:Jim Younkin
212:Jose Iturbi
168:Development
164:from 1936.
2077:Categories
1627:YC-137 (I)
1507:C-127 (II)
524:References
485:0.11 hp/lb
481:Power/mass
382:Wing area:
354:one, pilot
313:Jacobs L-6
289:Jacobs L-5
188:Ben Howard
1502:C-127 (I)
370:Wingspan:
358:Capacity:
338:Data from
645:aircraft
558:23 April
516:Waco SRE
490:See also
250:Variants
129:Variants
80:Designer
1812:C-20F–J
1807:C-20A–D
1585:NC-131H
1195:C-77B–D
764:systems
393:NACA 2R
389:Airfoil
376:Height:
364:Length:
200:DGA-6's
194:History
116:History
2017:C-767B
1623:C-137
1612:KC-135
1573:WC-130
1568:MC-130
1563:LC-130
1558:KC-130
1553:HC-130
1544:EC-130
1539:DC-130
1534:AC-130
1529:C-130J
1498:C-127
1477:C-123A
1460:EC-121
1455:C-121F
1438:AC-119
1421:C-117D
715:DGA-18
710:DGA-15
705:DGA-12
700:DGA-11
643:Howard
574:DGA-15
462:Range:
317:UC-70A
309:DGA-12
299:DGA-11
293:UC-70D
279:UC-70C
204:DGA-15
154:DGA-12
152:, and
150:DGA-11
92:Status
74:Howard
2045:CT-43
2040:CT-39
2024:C-880
2012:C-767
1996:C-147
1991:C-146
1986:C-145
1981:C-144
1976:C-143
1911:C-37B
1854:C-27J
1803:C-20
1762:RC-12
1745:KC-10
1736:C-10
1664:C-142
1659:C-141
1654:C-140
1649:C-139
1644:C-138
1637:C-137
1619:C-136
1607:C-135
1602:C-134
1597:C-133
1592:C-132
1580:C-131
1524:C-130
1519:C-129
1514:C-128
1494:C-126
1489:C-125
1484:C-124
1472:C-123
1467:C-122
1450:C-121
1445:C-120
1433:C-119
1428:C-118
1416:C-117
1411:C-116
1406:C-115
1401:C-114
1396:C-113
1391:C-112
1386:C-111
1381:C-110
1376:C-109
1371:C-108
1366:C-107
1361:C-106
1356:C-105
1351:C-104
1346:C-103
1341:C-102
1336:C-101
1331:C-100
1314:KC-97
1237:C-83B
1232:C-83A
1153:C-70B
1031:AC-47
1026:C-47T
1021:C-47F
984:C-41A
695:DGA-9
690:DGA-8
685:DGA-7
680:DGA-6
675:DGA-5
670:DGA-4
665:DGA-3
660:DGA-2
655:DGA-1
529:Notes
352:Crew:
323:UC-70
285:DGA-9
271:DGA-8
223:R-985
216:DC-3s
146:DGA-9
2055:CV-7
2050:CV-2
1958:C-46
1953:C-45
1948:C-44
1943:C-43
1938:C-42
1933:C-41
1928:C-40
1923:C-39
1918:C-38
1906:C-37
1901:C-36
1896:C-35
1891:C-34
1886:C-33
1881:C-32
1876:C-31
1871:C-30
1866:C-29
1861:C-28
1849:C-27
1844:C-26
1839:C-25
1834:C-24
1829:C-23
1824:C-22
1819:C-21
1799:C-19
1794:C-18
1789:C-17
1784:C-16
1779:C-15
1774:C-14
1769:C-13
1757:C-12
1752:C-11
1740:C-10
1720:RC-7
1711:C-7
1326:C-99
1321:C-98
1309:C-97
1304:C-96
1299:C-95
1294:C-94
1289:C-93
1284:C-92
1279:C-91
1274:C-90
1269:C-89
1264:C-88
1259:C-87
1254:C-86
1249:C-85
1244:C-84
1227:C-83
1222:C-82
1217:C-81
1212:C-80
1207:C-79
1202:C-78
1190:C-77
1185:C-76
1180:C-75
1175:C-74
1170:C-73
1165:C-72
1160:C-71
1148:C-70
1143:C-69
1138:C-68
1133:C-67
1128:C-66
1123:C-65
1118:C-64
1113:C-63
1108:C-62
1103:C-61
1098:C-60
1093:C-59
1088:C-58
1083:C-57
1078:C-56
1073:C-55
1068:C-54
1063:C-53
1058:C-52
1053:C-51
1048:C-50
1043:C-49
1038:C-48
1016:C-47
1011:C-46
1006:C-45
1001:C-44
996:C-43
991:C-42
979:C-41
974:C-40
969:C-39
964:C-38
959:C-37
954:C-36
949:C-35
944:C-34
939:C-33
934:C-32
929:C-31
924:C-30
919:C-29
914:C-28
909:C-27
904:C-26
899:C-25
894:C-24
889:C-23
884:C-22
879:C-21
874:C-20
869:C-19
864:C-18
859:C-17
854:C-16
849:C-15
844:C-14
839:C-13
834:C-12
829:C-11
824:C-10
560:2018
421:1 ×
198:The
140:The
124:1936
52:Type
1732:C-9
1727:C-8
1715:C-7
1707:C-6
1702:C-5
1697:C-4
1692:C-3
1687:C-2
1682:C-1
819:C-9
814:C-8
809:C-7
804:C-6
799:C-5
794:C-4
789:C-3
784:C-2
779:C-1
262:in
2079::
546:.
243:.
225:.
160:,
148:,
144:,
111:31
1548:H
1546:/
749:e
742:t
735:v
635:e
628:t
621:v
562:.
483::
456::
395:2
391::
319:)
295:)
281:)
20:)
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