37:
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675:
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986:" had been arrested. More raids were expected to follow. Based on an alleged testimony from Yun, they believed that a man with the pseudonym "Li Chun-shan" or "Li Yue-pei" had paid Yun $ 200 and given him two bombs for the attack, and was still at large. They also alleged that Li was the head of a "Korean Independence League". It also reported that the Japanese believed the prominent Korean independence activist
259:
948:
Shortly after the attack, the military secured the perimeter, and did not permit anyone to leave until they were searched. Several
Chinese people were arrested, although they were later released. A Chinese person managed to escape the park and sought refuge in the house of W. S. Hibbard, an American
944:
Yun dropped a second improvized bomb nearby with the intent to kill himself. However, it failed to go off. The crowd reportedly mobbed and attempted to lynch Yun, but the military police pulled him away, bruised and bleeding. According to an eyewitness, Yun grinned defiantly during his arrest. Yun
662:
Yun Bong-gil (1908–1932) was a Korean independence activist. He witnessed the March 1st
Movement and was appalled by its repression. He initially sought to advocate for Korean independence through encouraging education and activism, but became disillusioned after continued Japanese suppression. In
751:
The
Japanese National Anthem was being played, when a youth was seen to step forward and place a cylinder on the front of the dais and then dart backwards. A dull explosion immediately followed, but it attracted so little attention that the music continued playing. others were seen to collapse
731:
gave the first speech, and a number of others followed. After their speeches, the foreign officials departed from the stage, leaving ten
Japanese officials there. Several hundred Japanese children gathered in front of the stage, and the military band began to play the Japanese national anthem,
567:
lost an eye. A reporter and sailor also received minor injuries. Yun attempted to set off the second bomb in order to kill himself, but the bomb did not go off. The crowd began beating him, and likely would have beat him to death if he had not been pulled away by
Japanese soldiers. After being
615:
Among the escapees to China were the eventual founders of the Korean
Provisional Government (KPG). The KPG was founded in Shanghai a month after the March 1st Movement. Political leanings were diverse within the KPG, with some strongly left and right leaning members. Opinions on how to obtain
997:
announced on May 5 that it had received such a statement, and that the statement argued that the
Japanese and French police were conducting raids in a manner that violated international law. In particular, they were accused of making arrests and searching people without a warrant. The
1444:
1342:"SHIRAKAWA IS DEAD; VICTIM OF BOMBING; Japanese Commander-in-Chief at Shanghai Was Reported to Have Succumbed Monday. SECOND DEATH IN BLAST Woosung Forts Evacuated by Forces of Occupation -- Postal Strike Threatens to Spread Widely. (Published 1932)"
760:
fell to the floor in pain, and
Shirakawa clutched his face, which was then streaming with blood. The explosion was so powerful that it blew a hole in the floor of the stage. After a moment of silence, the crowd began to panic. Members of the
690:
occurred. Around 9:30 am, an audience of around 15,000 people, mostly
Japanese, gathered to watch 10,000 Japanese troops parade down Jiangwan Road in Shanghai. The troops ended the parade in Hongkou Park, where a decorated stage was set up.
1028:
Syngman Rhee, the former
President of the KPG who left to the United States after being impeached, expressed disapproval of the KPG's militant activities. He felt that this would only tighten Japan's grip on Korea.
1073:
It also reported that it received a tip that Korean communists were behind the attack. A statement from Kim Ku later denied that Yun was a communist, although the Japanese and French were skeptical of this.
963:
A day later, it was reported that Yun was believed to be connected with a Korean organization called the South China Young Men's Association. French police raided a number of Korean associations in the
982:
area of Shanghai, and that officers were conducting random searches throughout the city. It also reported that over ten raids by the French and Japanese police, nineteen other Koreans and a Chinese "
571:
As a result of the attack, Japanese and French police began interrogating Koreans in the cities, and members of the KPG went into hiding. The attack earned the KPG the respect of Chinese leader
952:
What followed was a vigorous search for anyone involved in the attack. Members of the KPG went into hiding. Kim Ku and three others hid at the house of American Presbyterian missionary
632:
who is now held in high esteem in South Korea. Kim set about coordinating a number of attacks on Japanese leaders, including a January 1932 attack in Tokyo that nearly killed Emperor
1002:
disagreed with the assessment. Others also accused the police similarly, including a number of Koreans and the Shanghai Chinese Bar Association. The police denied these accusations.
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interrogated for information, he was tried and sentenced to death in a single trial on May 25. He was transferred to Japan in November, and executed on December 19.
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wounded and bleeding, while soldiers seized the youth and battered him. Subsequently, another bomb of the same pattern was found near the dais unexploded."
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877:
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601:. After the Japanese violently cracked down on the protests, numerous Koreans fled the peninsula and continued resisting the Japanese from abroad.
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185:
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110:
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To avoid putting other Koreans at risk, Kim Ku sent out public statements to newspapers in Shanghai claiming responsibility for the attack. The
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was sentenced to death at a military trial on May 25. He was transferred to Japan in November, and executed by firing squad on December 19.
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and blew a hole in the stage. A number of other Japanese people were wounded, with injuries ranging from severe to minor. Minister to China
956:, who was sympathetic to the Korean and Chinese resistance against Japan. Kim eventually managed to escape arrest, and lived to see the
654:
36:
1449:
540:, was given two homemade bombs for the attack. He set off the first bomb on the main stage of a rally, which killed Japanese General
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In 1931, a militant organization affiliated with the KPG called the Korean Patriotic Organization (KPO) was founded. It was led by
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The attack was covered prominently in several Western media sources. Some of the reported information was incorrect; the
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park-keeper. Japanese troops surrounded Hibbard's house, extracted the Chinese man, and kept Hibbard in detention.
1728:– Victims repatriation on IJN light cruiser Tatsuta; arrival in Japan (src: National Film Archive of Japan)
169:
Attack succeeds, Yun captured and executed, Republic of China begins supporting the Korean Provisional Government
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published an article on 30 April that claimed Yun threw a hand grenade and was beaten to death by the crowd.
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1561:"WASHINGTON SHOWS CONCERN; Fear Felt That Bombing May Injure Shanghai Peace Prospects. (Published 1932)"
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706:, and Tomono Mori. They were joined by a number of foreign officials, including representatives of the
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597:. In 1919, protests against Japanese rule were held throughout Korea, in what became known as the
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communicated "the sympathy of the government of the United States for the unfortunate victims".
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was not connected to the attack, as he had been arrested a week before the attack had occurred.
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1367:"[Photo story] How Korea and China fought together against Japanese colonial control"
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8:
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1930, he left his wife and two children in Korea to join the KPG and become a militant.
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independence were also diverse, with preferences ranging from pacifism to militantism.
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in both South Korea and China. A number of monuments to him exist in both countries.
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United States officials reacted negatively to the event. Acting Secretary of State
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General Yoshinori Shirakawa addresses the crowd shortly before the explosion (1932)
324:
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1613:
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After his arrival in Shanghai, he worked closely with Kim Ku to plan the attack.
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572:
487:
1719:
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1424:"Peace Talks Postponed.; SHANGHAI BOMBING HALTS PEACE TALKS (Published 1932)"
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851:
715:
699:
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198:
81:
68:
1397:"Fateful Failure: The Lost Opportunity to Terminate the Kim Il Sung Dynasty"
1300:"Five of Jap Leaders Recent Shanghai Row Wounded by Bombers—Madera Tribune"
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Japanese colonial and military officials went onto the stage, including
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of the city to discover more connections to the attack. On May 2, the
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East Asia Beyond the History Wars: Confronting the Ghosts of Violence
1615:
Project Eagle: The American Christians of North Korea in World War II
1479:
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Secretary-General of the Japanese Residents' Association of Shanghai
1644:
Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (2013). "Heroes, collaborators and survivors".
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The second bomb was described as an 8x3x2 inch tin box filled with
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was a bombing attack on military and colonial personnel of the
354:
124:
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Assassinate prominent Japanese military and colonial personnel
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The following casualties occurred as a result of the attack:
436:
368:
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Kichisaburō Nomura with damaged eye after the bombing (1932)
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and head of the Japanese Residents' Association of Shanghai
1587:. Library Genesis. New York : Algora Pub. p. 13.
1104:
1102:
41:
Hongkou Park shortly after bomb detonation (April 29, 1932)
718:), and officials of Italy, France, and the United States.
1099:
1087:
830:
Head of the Japanese Residents' Association of Shanghai
1445:"In memory of Yun Bong-gil and His Bombing in Shanghai"
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reported that he threw a square object high in the air.
1661:
1519:
1507:
1492:
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ThinkChina - Big reads, Opinion & Columns on China
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464:
1306:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1932-04-29
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Just before the anthem finished, Yun threw the bomb.
336:
418:
404:
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Location of attack relative to present day Shanghai
1716:– Footage of the event, attack, and aftermath
1684:Korea's Twentieth-Century Odyssey: A Short History
974:reported that the Japanese military had declared
1733:
619:
604:
1742:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
1324:"The Bombing of Japanese Leaders at Shanghai".
611:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
525:for Korea formed in Shanghai in 1919 after the
111:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
1611:
1473:
1188:
529:in 1910. It was motivated by advocacy for the
490:at 11:40 am on April 29, 1932. It occurred at
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1747:Improvised explosive device bombings in China
1643:
1234:
1120:
593:From 1910 to 1945, Korea was a colony of the
298:
258:
933:
513:The attack was planned and conducted by the
373:
359:
940:Kim Ku § Infamy and escape (1932–1937)
35:
1450:Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs
1159:[Korean Patriotic Organization],
1680:
1108:
1093:
780:
673:
653:
1018:reported Yun's name as "Kim Fung-kee".
1734:
1709:Hongkou Park, Shanghai, April 29, 1932
16:1932 bombing attack in Shanghai, China
1418:
1416:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1360:
1358:
1169:from the original on 23 February 2023
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1151:
1149:
1130:National Institute of Korean History
1681:Robinson, Michael E. (2007-04-30),
1580:
1394:
1364:
1200:
765:rushed over to assist the wounded.
13:
1413:
1383:
1355:
911:A newspaper photographer from the
859:Lost a leg and had an injured arm
636:. That attack is now known as the
14:
1783:
1701:
1663:"Shanghai Bombing Incident, 1932"
1632:from the original on 23 June 2023
1283:
1146:
1136:from the original on 25 June 2023
1114:
466:Shanhai Tenchōsetsu Bakudan Jiken
257:
250:
1584:The unfinished war : Korea
1574:
1553:
1525:
1437:
1334:
1317:
1067:
1054:
1039:
338:Hóngkǒu Gōngyuán Bàozhà Shìjiàn
1687:, University of Hawaii Press,
1194:
1162:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
917:Slightly wounded by splinters
465:
419:
405:
337:
299:
1:
1520:North China Daily News (1932)
1508:North China Daily News (1932)
1493:North China Daily News (1932)
1395:Kim, Robert S. (2017-10-17).
1365:Hsu, Chung-mao (2022-07-15).
1278:North China Daily News (1932)
1080:
773:
620:Korean Patriotic Organization
605:Korean Provisional Government
582:
563:each lost a leg, and Admiral
519:Korean Provisional Government
515:Korean Patriotic Organization
310:Hongkou Park Bombing Incident
232:A Japanese reporter (injured)
105:Korean Patriotic Organization
1767:Korean independence movement
1005:
768:
630:Korean independence activist
589:Korean independence movement
29:Korean independence movement
7:
1650:. Routledge & CRC Press
1327:The Illustrated London News
1203:"100,000 won bill can wait"
813:Died of injuries on May 26
744:The Illustrated London News
682:On April 29, 1932, a rally
643:
235:An unnamed sailor (injured)
10:
1788:
1605:
1201:Seo, Ji-eun (2008-12-17).
937:
658:Yun days before the attack
647:
608:
586:
533:from the Empire of Japan.
1538:The Sydney Morning Herald
1533:"BOMB THROWN in Shanghai"
934:Arrests and investigation
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506:of the Emperor of Japan,
502:, during a ceremony that
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708:Shanghai Volunteer Corps
527:Japanese colonized Korea
517:, a militant arm of the
142:April 29, 1932
82:31.272836°N 121.478425°E
1772:Assassinations in China
1721:Triumphant return, 1932
1618:, U of Nebraska Press,
1612:Kim, Robert S. (2017),
559:and Lieutenant General
406:Hungkeou Gongwon Sageon
1667:digitallibrary.usc.edu
1048:North China Daily News
995:North China Daily News
971:North China Daily News
786:
754:
679:
659:
420:Hungk'ŏu kongwŏn sagŏn
1474:Kim, Robert S. (2017)
1189:Kim, Robert S. (2017)
1012:Sydney Morning Herald
784:
749:
684:honoring the birthday
677:
657:
531:independence of Korea
521:(KPG). The KPG was a
494:(now "Lu Xun Park"),
484:Hongkou Park Incident
385:Hongkou Park Incident
279:Hongkou Park Incident
229:Tomono Mori (injured)
87:31.272836; 121.478425
22:Hongkou Park Incident
1235:Morris-Suzuki (2013)
1208:Korea JoongAng Daily
954:George Ashmore Fitch
686:of Japanese Emperor
638:Sakuradamon Incident
504:honored the birthday
400:Revised Romanization
1401:The Strategy Bridge
1237:, pp. 168–169.
958:liberation of Korea
856:Lieutenant General
806:Yoshinori Shirakawa
790:
696:Yoshinori Shirakawa
542:Yoshinori Shirakawa
523:government in exile
180:Yoshinori Shirakawa
78: /
1581:Lee, Bong (2003).
1124:[Kim Ku],
1016:The New York Times
892:Left calf injured
865:Kichisaburō Nomura
843:Minister to China
789:
787:
704:Kichisaburō Nomura
680:
660:
599:March 1st Movement
565:Kichisaburō Nomura
211:Kichisaburō Nomura
1694:978-0-8248-3174-5
1625:978-1-61234-930-5
1594:978-0-87586-217-0
1191:, pp. 42–43.
1111:, pp. 52–53.
1096:, pp. 32–35.
1023:William R. Castle
966:French Concession
931:
930:
839:Mamoru Shigemitsu
758:Mamoru Shigemitsu
557:Mamoru Shigemitsu
500:Republic of China
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414:McCune–Reischauer
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325:Standard Mandarin
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205:Mamoru Shigemitsu
121:Commanded by
60:Republic of China
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1752:1932 in Shanghai
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1122:"김구[金九]"
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1541:. 30 April 1932
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1495:, pp. 4–5.
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1280:, pp. 1–3.
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927:Minor injuries
922:Unnamed sailor
889:Consul-General
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878:Kuramatsu Murai
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595:Empire of Japan
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573:Chiang Kai-shek
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488:Empire of Japan
460:Revised Hepburn
382:Literal meaning
307:Literal meaning
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1330:. 28 May 1932.
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1757:1932 in Japan
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1165:(in Korean),
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1128:(in Korean),
1127:
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716:Ronald Penney
713:
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697:
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561:Kenkichi Ueda
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20:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1666:
1652:. Retrieved
1646:
1634:, retrieved
1614:
1583:
1576:
1565:. Retrieved
1563:. 1932-04-30
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1522:, p. 7.
1515:
1510:, p. 6.
1455:. Retrieved
1453:. 2008-04-29
1448:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1426:. 1932-04-30
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1346:. Retrieved
1344:. 1932-05-26
1336:
1325:
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:cdnc.ucr.edu
1303:
1212:. Retrieved
1206:
1196:
1171:, retrieved
1160:
1138:, retrieved
1125:
1116:
1089:
1069:
1056:
1046:
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1027:
1020:
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962:
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947:
943:
912:
897:Tomono Mori
872:Lost an eye
777:
755:
750:
742:
740:
733:
720:
712:Howard Kelly
693:
681:
665:
661:
650:Yun Bong-gil
623:
614:
592:
570:
538:Yun Bong-gil
535:
512:
492:Hongkou Park
483:
481:
332:Hanyu Pinyin
288:Chinese name
160:Yun Bong-gil
52:Hongkou Park
27:Part of the
988:Ahn Changho
976:martial law
881: [
846:Lost a leg
822: [
725: [
549: [
349:Korean name
220: [
189: [
85: /
73:121°28′42″E
1736:Categories
1673:2023-08-15
1654:2023-08-16
1567:2023-08-15
1457:2023-08-15
1430:2023-08-15
1406:2023-08-16
1376:2023-08-16
1348:2023-08-15
1310:2023-08-16
1214:2023-08-16
1173:2023-02-23
1140:2023-06-24
1126:Historynet
1081:References
1000:Daily News
938:See also:
774:Casualties
714:and Major
587:See also:
583:Motivation
174:Casualties
146:1932-04-29
70:31°16′22″N
1006:Reactions
960:in 1945.
769:Aftermath
763:Red Cross
710:(Admiral
443:上海天長節爆弾事件
361:훙커우 공원 사건
226:(injured)
213:(injured)
207:(injured)
201:(injured)
131:Objective
1630:archived
1167:archived
1134:archived
903:Injured
869:Admiral
810:General
735:Kimigayo
688:Hirohito
644:Attacker
634:Hirohito
508:Hirohito
496:Shanghai
300:虹口公园爆炸事件
195:(killed)
182:(killed)
151:11:40 am
56:Shanghai
47:Location
1726:YouTube
1714:YouTube
1636:23 June
1606:Sources
1157:"한인애국단"
978:in the
794:Person
294:Chinese
166:Outcome
144: (
1762:Kim Ku
1691:
1669:. 1932
1622:
1591:
1545:2 June
984:coolie
980:Wusong
670:Attack
626:Kim Ku
577:martyr
375:虹口公園事件
355:Hangul
125:Kim Ku
1033:Notes
885:]
833:Died
826:]
800:Fate
797:Role
729:]
553:]
437:Kanji
369:Hanja
224:]
193:]
1689:ISBN
1638:2023
1620:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1547:2015
1045:The
482:The
139:Date
1724:on
1712:on
1738::
1665:.
1628:,
1535:.
1500:^
1481:^
1466:^
1447:.
1415:^
1399:.
1385:^
1369:.
1357:^
1302:.
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1132:,
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883:ja
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727:ja
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551:ja
510:.
498:,
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191:ja
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54:,
1676:.
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1597:.
1570:.
1549:.
1460:.
1433:.
1409:.
1379:.
1351:.
1313:.
1217:.
1064:.
148:)
113:)
109:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
