31:
1855:
142:
1048:
3373:
3363:
2160:
1056:
1433:
960:. The second factor is the scarce political clout of the trade unions, which makes it easier to trim the nominal salaries during recessionary times. Moreover, the high saving rates and the moral stigma attached to bankruptcy have kept relatively low the level of defaults on mortgages even during the deep recessions after the
956:: this means that any macroeconomic adjustment has to be achieved by changes in the prices of assets and labour. In Hong Kong, this is made easier by two factors: the first is the openness of the economy, with an aggregate demand heavily dependent on international trading partners; this reduces the risk of classic
1097:
million in 2001. An exhibition area currently containing an exhibit of Hong Kong's monetary history, along with a library of the Hong Kong
Monetary Authority Information Centre, occupy the 55th floor. The 88th floor of the tower contains the office of the chief executive of the HKMA, and is served by
606:
The exchange fund was established and managed originally by the
Currency Ordinance in 1935, now named the Exchange Fund Ordinance. Under the Ordinance, the HKMA's primary objective is to ensure the stability of the Hong Kong currency and the banking system. It is also responsible for promoting the
1413:
million. Yam hoped that hosting the event would cement Hong Kong's status as an international financial centre. He added, "The presence of the world's leading finance ministers, central bank governors and top commercial bankers in Hong Kong so soon after the change of sovereignty will help boost
1039:
criticised the government for becoming "a player, a very key player" instead of being a regulator. Conversely, one speculator said in hindsight that the government's intervention "raised public confidence in the market when it was near total collapse" and "prevented a bigger crisis and saved the
856:
The
Central Moneymarkets Unit (CMU), established in the 1990, provides computerised clearing and settlement facilities for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes. It extended the service to other Hong Kong dollar debt securities in late 1993. A seamless interface allow the co-existence of the CMU and the
915:
The
Interest Rate Adjustment Mechanism is an automatic system that maintains the stability of the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate. Lately the HKMA has been disclosing the forecast change in the Aggregate Balance attributes to increase the transparency of the Currency Board operation.
888:) was implemented in the 1980s. Institutions are also managed differently depending on whether they are categorised as licensed banks, restricted license banks or deposit-taking institutions. Overseas banks may also establish local representative offices in Hong Kong.
2381:
2738:
2346:
1692:
1823:
1761:
1667:
1621:
1584:
1560:
1535:
1645:
2466:
1702:
3286:
2763:
3770:
1820:
1765:
1677:
1642:
1618:
1581:
1556:
1531:
3409:
2658:
1461:
2401:
2768:
3854:
3166:
3765:
2865:
2708:
2703:
2553:
1044:. This reduced the portfolio of Hong Kong equities to 5.3% of the reserves in 2003. However, the percentage crept back and had risen above 10% by 2006.
912:
and noticeable features such as the
Aggregate Balance, Certificates of Indebtedness and coins issued and the Outstanding Exchange Fund Bills and Notes.
3051:
2733:
2301:
614:
only in the denomination of ten Hong Kong dollars. The role of issuing other banknotes is delegated to the note-issuing banks in the territory, namely
2148:
1882:
3291:
3041:
2653:
773:
2126:
2668:
1418:
892:
843:
3818:
3402:
3265:
3000:
2678:
2366:
615:
3828:
3813:
2326:
2316:
2059:
3031:
2728:
2663:
2248:
2233:
2213:
2107:
1716:
650:
Since 1995, the HKMA has entered into a stability pact with central banks in
Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Australia to engage in
3874:
2858:
2391:
2351:
3785:
3395:
3225:
3026:
2995:
2496:
2208:
1087:
735:
44:
3630:
2633:
1031:. The intervention was widely criticised as being detrimental to Hong Kong's reputation as one of the world's financial centres.
3869:
3864:
3823:
3808:
3658:
2822:
2411:
2331:
994:. Only the three note-issuing banks could receive deposits because they had been rated by "objective international standards".
924:
3775:
3156:
3046:
2713:
2476:
2456:
2396:
2321:
2185:
2141:
1875:
2851:
2593:
2461:
1485:
941:
billion) by
Beijing, which would not be able to bear the subrogation of Hong Kong's monetary policy to the United States.
3312:
3187:
3016:
2758:
2723:
2386:
2376:
1738:
1040:
market". Most stocks acquired during that operation were successively disposed with the creation of a tracker fund, the
3653:
3444:
3130:
2832:
2718:
2441:
2278:
2180:
2070:
2065:
836:
3780:
3260:
3220:
2969:
2743:
2371:
2306:
2253:
2053:
2042:
1903:
1451:
684:
611:
3849:
3203:
3095:
2673:
2608:
2421:
2195:
2156:
2134:
1868:
3490:
3427:
3418:
3161:
2538:
2532:
2451:
2406:
2341:
1456:
1299:
1244:
1107:
595:
3684:
3345:
3296:
3056:
2990:
2809:
2801:
2336:
2268:
2228:
2175:
754:
558:
480:
288:
1337:
The chief executive is supported by a number of deputy chief executives, shown below in order of appointment.
3500:
3250:
3036:
2974:
2558:
2511:
2501:
2243:
1908:
829:
689:
3689:
2923:
2913:
2638:
2623:
2613:
2356:
2101:
2036:
1032:
1027:
shares in a two-week market intervention, beginning 12 August 1998 with the aim of punishing and deterring
987:
619:
1041:
3755:
3623:
3510:
3270:
3240:
2908:
2688:
2598:
2263:
2048:
1075:
998:
961:
591:
3213:
2933:
2888:
2603:
2416:
2025:
1975:
1955:
1090:. It purchased fourteen floors in Tower 2. The 55th, 56th, and the 77th to 88th floors were bought for
858:
745:
1063:
In August 1998, as part of its wider remit to protect the currency, the HKMA lent the Thai government
3663:
3330:
2693:
2618:
2573:
2548:
2481:
2258:
2238:
2114:
2086:
2031:
2018:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1960:
977:
884:
Banking stability mainly depends on the banking system and supervision. A three-tier banking system (
623:
3545:
3520:
3515:
3465:
3245:
3208:
3100:
3090:
2928:
2648:
2004:
1944:
1697:
1672:
1543:
1024:
768:
763:
1507:
3335:
3075:
3066:
2964:
2827:
2773:
2748:
2431:
2164:
2011:
1997:
1950:
1937:
1183:
991:
862:
715:
494:
316:
3859:
3616:
3540:
3143:
3115:
2643:
2521:
1930:
799:
794:
720:
594:
and the Office of the
Commissioner of Banking merged. The organisation reports directly to the
508:
330:
3803:
3735:
3730:
3505:
3470:
3080:
2893:
2506:
2446:
1466:
873:
809:
1724:
895:
licenses in Hong Kong; these banks were not required to have physical branches in the city.
3745:
3555:
3485:
3120:
2874:
2568:
2563:
2491:
2311:
2203:
1446:
1306:
1028:
909:
804:
789:
725:
665:
651:
639:
1605:
8:
3679:
2753:
2516:
2426:
2296:
1787:
Tong, Sebastian (7 April 2003). "HKMC 'to pay $ 90m' for lease at Two IFC". The
Standard.
1036:
1854:
1798:
141:
3550:
3105:
2698:
2436:
2218:
1313:
530:
522:
352:
344:
48:
3475:
3151:
2938:
2898:
2628:
2583:
2361:
2288:
983:
740:
699:
463:
455:
271:
263:
30:
3760:
3535:
3387:
3366:
3340:
2954:
2486:
2223:
2096:
1913:
819:
679:
406:
371:
214:
162:
95:
3715:
3710:
3590:
3480:
3430:
3376:
3255:
2918:
2903:
1827:
1649:
1625:
1588:
1564:
1539:
1324:
1259:
1006:
1002:
920:
569:
566:
563:
175:
172:
169:
3725:
3565:
2959:
2273:
1194:
1047:
957:
953:
441:
249:
1746:
3843:
3720:
3694:
3530:
3495:
3085:
2683:
2526:
949:
945:
730:
635:
927:. He also predicted the absorption of the territory's financial reserves of
3639:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3525:
3110:
2783:
1438:
1344:
1202:
1198:
923:
mistakenly predicted the Hong Kong dollar's demise within two years of the
587:
413:
221:
1009:
futures. The government controversially used the exchange fund to acquire
1350:
1220:
3585:
3580:
3125:
2843:
1399:
1255:
1210:
1206:
1159:
1055:
638:
of Hong Kong and the banking system are important underpinnings of the
572:
384:
381:
378:
178:
2159:
1860:
1368:
1272:
948:(which includes currency boards, currency unions and the traditional
473:
281:
108:
77:
3230:
2471:
577:
427:
302:
235:
191:
100:
3235:
1532:
Government power over
Exchange Fund's stability role under review
866:
3608:
590:. It is a government authority founded on 1 April 1993 when the
607:
efficiency, integrity and development of the financial system.
1106:
The Chief Executive is appointed for a five-year term by the
1001:, currency speculators sold the Hong Kong dollar heavily and
986:, the HKMA did not place funds with local banks not rated by
2543:
1848:
1321:
Deputy Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority
965:
952:) it is impossible to use monetary policy to stabilise the
130:
3771:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
861:(RTGS) inter-bank payment system. This enables end-of-day
3171:
1668:"Chan defends 'special action' to prevent currency chaos"
1403:
527:
513:
499:
485:
349:
335:
321:
307:
293:
1462:
List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction
1252:
Director of the Office of the Hong Kong Chief Executive
3766:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
460:
446:
432:
418:
268:
254:
240:
226:
3417:
2739:
Sales of First-hand Residential Properties Authority
1428:
1110:, and is continuously renewable with no term limit.
1717:"Tracker Fund of Hong Kong (TraHK) Tap Issue Limit"
891:In 2019, the HKMA began issuing the first batch of
872:In 2018, HKMA developed the infrastructure for the
3052:Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
1414:international and local confidence in Hong Kong".
3841:
2654:Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation Unit
1526:
1524:
3167:Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link
654:, which provide liquidity on a two-way basis.
3855:Financial regulatory authorities of Hong Kong
3819:Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean
3624:
3601: * Includes previous Colonial Treasurers
3403:
3266:Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index
3001:Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation
2859:
2142:
1876:
1666:Wong, Michael; Teresa, Lee (16 August 1998).
1521:
837:
616:The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
376:
167:
3829:Central banks and currencies of the Americas
3814:Central banks and currencies of Asia-Pacific
1191:Director of the Office of the Exchange Fund
1086:The HKMA is headquartered in Tower 2 of the
1693:"Soros manager regrets attack on HK dollar"
1419:Global Financial Leaders' Investment Summit
1113:
944:As with any monetary system not based on a
876:and launched it in September of that year.
3631:
3617:
3410:
3396:
3032:Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau
2866:
2852:
2729:Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office
2149:
2135:
2108:Mercantile Bank of India, London and China
1883:
1869:
1853:
1665:
1643:We will hold on to blue-chip shares: Tsang
1332:
844:
830:
140:
29:
2704:Independent Commission Against Corruption
3786:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
3027:Commerce and Economic Development Bureau
2996:Agriculture and aquaculture in Hong Kong
2873:
2769:West Kowloon Cultural District Authority
2734:Science and Technology Parks Corporation
1054:
1046:
903:
582:
309:hoeng1 gong2 gam1 jung4 gun2 lei5 guk6-2
256:Hsiang1-kang3 chin1-jung2 kuan3-li3-chü2
196:hoeng1 gong2 gam1 jung4 gun2 lei5 guk6-2
35:Logo of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority
2302:Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
1762:"SHKP net profit tipped to drop 24.6pc"
1070:billion from the fund as part of a $ 17
919:In 1995, Nobel Prize–winning economist
353:[hœ́ːŋkɔ̌ːŋkɐ́mjȍŋkǔːnle̬ikǒk̚]
3842:
3824:Central banks and currencies of Europe
3809:Central banks and currencies of Africa
3659:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
1890:
583:Hoeng1 gong2 gam1 jung4 gun2 lei5 guk2
529:
462:
351:
270:
3776:International Development Association
3612:
3391:
2847:
2714:Independent Police Complaints Council
2669:Examinations and Assessment Authority
2130:
1864:
898:
2594:Air Accident Investigation Authority
1786:
1780:
113:2.75% (as of 28 July 2022)
3313:List of power stations in Hong Kong
3188:International rankings of Hong Kong
3017:Hong Kong Trade Development Council
2679:Export Credit Insurance Corporation
2249:Innovation, Technology and Industry
2234:Financial Services and the Treasury
2214:Constitutional and Mainland Affairs
1759:
1753:
1745:. 10 September 2007. Archived from
1723:. 16 September 2002. Archived from
1690:
1608:, HKMA Quarterly Bulletin, May 2002
1398:The HKMA hosted the meeting of the
879:
601:
13:
3654:Bank for International Settlements
3445:Office of the Government Economist
3042:Office of the Government Economist
2367:Electrical and Mechanical Services
1619:Banker's fury at 'colonial system'
1417:The HKMA is also host to the 2022
1101:
272:[ɕjáŋkàŋtɕínɻʊ̌ŋkwànlìtɕǔ]
14:
3886:
3781:International Finance Corporation
3638:
3261:Hang Seng China Enterprises Index
3221:Securities and Futures Commission
2970:Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar
2744:Securities and Futures Commission
2327:Civil Engineering and Development
2209:Commerce and Economic Development
1840:
1557:Yam defends central bankers' pact
1452:Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar
1406:in 1997, at an estimated cost of
1388:Darryl Chan (since November 2022)
1074:billion bailout organised by the
657:
337:hêng1gong2 gem1yung4 gun2léi5gug2
3875:1993 establishments in Hong Kong
3419:Financial Secretary of Hong Kong
3372:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3209:The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
3204:Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
2609:Antiquities and Monuments Office
2347:Cultural and Creative Industries
2158:
1721:Exchange Fund Investment Limited
1582:Dollar demise remark angers HKMA
1431:
1380:Howard Lee (since February 2016)
1375:Arthur Yuen (since January 2010)
1180:16 years and 183 days
971:
3162:Hong Kong International Airport
1813:
1791:
1731:
1709:
1684:
1457:Hong Kong Note Printing Limited
1300:Chinese University of Hong Kong
1296:4 years and 359 days
1245:Chinese University of Hong Kong
1081:
528:
514:
500:
486:
350:
336:
322:
308:
294:
3685:Contractionary monetary policy
3346:Four big families of Hong Kong
3297:Outward Processing Arrangement
3292:Ship Registration in Hong Kong
3057:State enterprises in Hong Kong
2991:List of companies of Hong Kong
2810:Foreign relations of Hong Kong
2664:Equal Opportunities Commission
2392:Food and Environmental Hygiene
1801:. Hong Kong Monetary Authority
1764:. The Standard. Archived from
1760:Lau, Eli (22 September 2003).
1659:
1635:
1611:
1598:
1574:
1549:
1500:
1488:. Hong Kong Monetary Authority
1478:
1241:10 years and 0 days
885:
562:
461:
447:
433:
419:
377:
269:
255:
241:
227:
168:
1:
3870:Banknote issuers of Hong Kong
3865:Statutory bodies in Hong Kong
3251:Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange
3157:Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge
3037:Trade and Industry Department
2975:Coins of the Hong Kong dollar
2823:Statutory bodies in Hong Kong
2634:Construction Industry Council
2497:Leisure and Cultural Services
1472:
1140:Financial Secretaries Served
865:(DVP) services as opposed to
242:ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄤˇ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄩˊ
3690:Expansionary monetary policy
3450:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
3022:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
2924:Positive non-interventionism
2914:Stock disasters in Hong Kong
2792:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
2624:Centre for Health Protection
2102:Standard Chartered Hong Kong
2092:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
1088:International Finance Centre
551:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
295:Hēunggóng gāmyùng gúnléihgúk
153:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
45:International Finance Centre
22:Hong Kong Monetary Authority
7:
3756:International Monetary Fund
3271:CSI Cross-Straits 500 Index
3241:Electronic Payment Services
2909:1997 Asian financial crisis
2279:Culture, Sports and Tourism
1424:
1076:International Monetary Fund
999:1997 Asian financial crisis
962:1997 Asian financial crisis
910:Linked Exchange Rate System
640:linked exchange rate system
629:
592:Office of the Exchange Fund
588:central banking institution
323:Heunggong gamyung gunleiguk
10:
3891:
3214:Hong Kong Futures Exchange
2934:Poverty Campaign: Speak Up
2604:Antiquities Advisory Board
2544:Radio Television Hong Kong
2417:Government Records Service
1359:William Ryback (2003–2007)
1356:Anthony Latter (1999–2003)
975:
859:real-time gross settlement
228:Xiānggǎng jīnróng guǎnlǐjú
3796:
3744:
3703:
3672:
3664:Financial Stability Board
3646:
3599:
3459:Previous office holders *
3458:
3437:
3425:
3354:
3331:Water supply in Hong Kong
3323:
3305:
3279:
3196:
3180:
3139:
3065:
3047:Inland Revenue Department
3009:
2983:
2947:
2881:
2818:
2800:
2782:
2764:Travel Industry Authority
2759:Trade Development Council
2619:Auxiliary Medical Service
2582:
2462:Innovation and Technology
2397:Government Flying Service
2287:
2194:
2171:
2115:Oriental Bank Corporation
2079:
1989:
1922:
1896:
1799:"HKMA Information Centre"
1393:
1365:Choi Yiu-kwan (2005–2009)
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1123:
1120:
988:Moody's Investors Service
978:Exchange Fund (Hong Kong)
543:
521:
507:
493:
479:
472:
454:
440:
426:
412:
405:
400:
396:
392:
370:
365:
343:
329:
315:
301:
287:
280:
262:
248:
234:
220:
213:
208:
204:
200:
190:
186:
161:
157:
152:
125:
117:
107:
91:
84:Central bank of
83:
73:
55:
40:
28:
16:Central bank of Hong Kong
3246:Growth Enterprise Market
3091:Inland Revenue Ordinance
2649:Communications Authority
2377:Environmental Protection
1826:24 November 2007 at the
1691:Nip, Amy (5 July 2007).
1624:24 November 2007 at the
1587:24 November 2007 at the
1563:24 November 2007 at the
1538:24 November 2007 at the
1114:List of chief executives
774:Companies listed on HKSE
769:Growth Enterprise Market
645:
366:Alternative Chinese name
3850:Currencies of Hong Kong
3438:Subordinate departments
3336:Individual Visit Scheme
3076:Employment in Hong Kong
2965:Hong Kong Note Printing
2889:Seamen's strike of 1922
2828:Hong Kong Civil Service
2774:Urban Renewal Authority
2724:Office of the Ombudsman
2659:Estate Agents Authority
2269:Transport and Logistics
2229:Environment and Ecology
2165:Government of Hong Kong
1648:16 October 2007 at the
1341:David Carse (1993–2003)
1333:Deputy chief executives
1184:University of Hong Kong
1059:HKMA Information Centre
968:epidemic in 2002/2003.
863:delivery versus payment
620:Standard Chartered Bank
3116:Minimum Wage Ordinance
2833:Administrative Officer
2719:Liquor Licensing Board
2674:Exchanges and Clearing
2644:Centre for Food Safety
2447:Information Technology
2307:Architectural Services
2244:Home and Youth Affairs
2181:Government Secretariat
1739:"Intervention Returns"
1384:Edmond Lau (2021–2022)
1362:Peter Pang (2004–2016)
1060:
1052:
1051:HKMA building entrance
782:Other Hong Kong topics
531:[kɐ́mkǔːnkǒk̚]
61:; 31 years ago
3804:List of central banks
3736:Sovereign wealth fund
3731:Open market operation
3428:Financial Secretary:
3131:Goods and Service Tax
3081:Estate Duty Ordinance
2984:Industry and business
2894:Black Saturday (1983)
2467:Intellectual Property
2402:Government Laboratory
2342:Correctional Services
2317:Census and Statistics
1467:List of central banks
1058:
1050:
992:Standard & Poor's
904:Currency board system
874:Faster Payment System
652:repurchase agreements
464:[tɕínkwàntɕǔ]
3226:Linked exchange rate
3121:Stamp Duty Ordinance
3096:Partnership taxation
2875:Economy of Hong Kong
2539:Rating and Valuation
2472:Investment Promotion
2452:Information Services
2407:Government Logistics
2382:Financial Assistance
1904:Banknotes of the HKD
1821:Yam defends IMF cost
1705:on 24 November 2007.
1680:on 24 November 2007.
1447:Economy of Hong Kong
1307:University of London
1160:Joseph Yam Chi-kwong
1098:an individual lift.
1029:currency speculators
666:Economy of Hong Kong
118:Interest on reserves
3680:Capital requirement
3197:Finance and banking
3010:Government agencies
2754:Town Planning Board
2709:Insurance Authority
2412:Government Property
2186:Government agencies
1768:on 24 November 2007
1749:on 11 October 2007.
1727:on 17 October 2002.
1632:, 14 September 1995
1617:Geoffrey Crothall,
1571:. 22 November 1995.
1546:. 18 November 1997.
1221:Norman Chan Tak-lam
1108:Financial Secretary
1037:Martin Lee Chu-ming
908:It is included the
596:Financial Secretary
509:Canton Romanization
331:Canton Romanization
25:
2699:Hospital Authority
2584:Statutory agencies
2559:Trade and Industry
2352:Customs and Excise
2337:Companies Registry
2259:Labour and Welfare
1891:Hong Kong currency
1606:Why blame the peg?
1595:, 20 February 1995
1314:Harvard University
1238:30 September 2019
1195:Sir Hamish Macleod
1177:30 September 2009
1061:
1053:
1023:billion) worth of
899:Monetary stability
695:Monetary Authority
21:
3837:
3836:
3606:
3605:
3385:
3384:
3152:Port of Hong Kong
2939:Pearl River Delta
2899:Four Asian Tigers
2841:
2840:
2802:Foreign relations
2689:Housing Authority
2629:Civil Aid Service
2599:Airport Authority
2512:Official Receiver
2372:Electoral Affairs
2357:Drainage Services
2176:Executive Council
2124:
2123:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1285:
1278:
1273:Eddie Yue Wai-man
1249:
1232:
1226:
1188:
1171:
1165:
1134:Higher education
1128:
1005:local stocks and
854:
853:
700:Four Asian Tigers
636:official reserves
586:) is Hong Kong's
547:
546:
539:
538:
481:Yale Romanization
407:Standard Mandarin
361:
360:
289:Yale Romanization
215:Standard Mandarin
148:
147:
59:1 April 1993
3882:
3761:World Bank Group
3633:
3626:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3375:
3374:
3367:Economy of Macau
3365:
3364:
3341:Economic freedom
2955:Hong Kong dollar
2868:
2861:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2639:Consumer Council
2614:Audit Commission
2163:
2162:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2080:Banknote issuers
1914:Hong Kong dollar
1909:Coins of the HKD
1885:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1849:Official website
1835:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1701:. Archived from
1688:
1682:
1681:
1676:. Archived from
1663:
1657:
1656:, 29 August 1998
1639:
1633:
1615:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1578:
1572:
1553:
1547:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1482:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1412:
1409:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1283:
1276:
1247:
1230:
1224:
1199:Sir Donald Tsang
1186:
1169:
1163:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1096:
1093:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1033:Democratic Party
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
940:
937:
933:
930:
887:
880:Banking licenses
846:
839:
832:
820:Hong Kong Portal
680:Hong Kong dollar
662:
661:
610:The HKMA issues
602:Responsibilities
584:
575:
535:
534:
533:
517:
516:
503:
502:
489:
488:
468:
467:
466:
450:
449:
448:Chin1-kuan3-chü2
436:
435:
422:
421:
398:
397:
388:
387:
357:
356:
355:
339:
338:
325:
324:
311:
310:
297:
296:
276:
275:
274:
258:
257:
244:
243:
230:
229:
206:
205:
182:
181:
150:
149:
144:
139:
136:
134:
132:
96:Hong Kong dollar
69:
67:
62:
33:
26:
20:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3792:
3747:
3740:
3711:Capital control
3699:
3668:
3642:
3637:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3454:
3433:
3421:
3416:
3386:
3381:
3377:Economy of Asia
3350:
3319:
3301:
3275:
3256:Hang Seng Index
3192:
3176:
3141:
3140:Infrastructure
3135:
3061:
3005:
2979:
2943:
2919:Brand Hong Kong
2904:Ting Hai effect
2877:
2872:
2842:
2837:
2814:
2796:
2778:
2694:Housing Society
2585:
2578:
2283:
2190:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2125:
2120:
2075:
1985:
1918:
1892:
1889:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1828:Wayback Machine
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1689:
1685:
1664:
1660:
1650:Wayback Machine
1640:
1636:
1626:Wayback Machine
1616:
1612:
1603:
1599:
1589:Wayback Machine
1580:Chan Po-chung,
1579:
1575:
1565:Wayback Machine
1554:
1550:
1540:Wayback Machine
1529:
1522:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1410:
1407:
1396:
1335:
1312:
1305:
1288:1 October 2019
1282:
1279:
1258:
1235:1 October 2009
1229:
1227:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1168:
1166:
1131:Term of office
1125:
1116:
1104:
1102:Chief executive
1094:
1091:
1084:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:Hang Seng Index
980:
974:
958:liquidity traps
938:
935:
931:
928:
921:Milton Friedman
906:
901:
882:
857:newly launched
850:
814:
660:
648:
632:
604:
129:
98:
74:Chief Executive
65:
63:
60:
36:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:Money creation
3723:
3721:Interest rates
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3704:Implementation
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Mitchell-Innes
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Hong Kong Mint
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2586:or authorities
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2574:Water Supplies
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Social Welfare
2546:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Inland Revenue
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2332:Communications
2329:
2324:
2322:Civil Aviation
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Administration
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1842:
1841:External links
1839:
1837:
1836:
1819:Sean Kennedy,
1812:
1790:
1779:
1752:
1730:
1708:
1683:
1658:
1634:
1610:
1597:
1573:
1555:Sean Kennedy,
1548:
1520:
1499:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1426:
1423:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1192:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:Start of term
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:Previous role
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1083:
1080:
976:Main article:
973:
970:
954:business cycle
905:
902:
900:
897:
881:
878:
852:
851:
849:
848:
841:
834:
826:
823:
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
784:
783:
779:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
764:Stock Exchange
758:
757:
751:
750:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
710:
709:
705:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
674:
673:
669:
668:
659:
658:Infrastructure
656:
647:
644:
631:
628:
603:
600:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
525:
519:
518:
515:Gem1 gun2 gug2
511:
505:
504:
497:
491:
490:
483:
477:
476:
474:Yue: Cantonese
470:
469:
458:
452:
451:
444:
438:
437:
430:
424:
423:
416:
410:
409:
403:
402:
401:Transcriptions
394:
393:
390:
389:
374:
368:
367:
363:
362:
359:
358:
347:
341:
340:
333:
327:
326:
319:
313:
312:
305:
299:
298:
291:
285:
284:
282:Yue: Cantonese
278:
277:
266:
260:
259:
252:
246:
245:
238:
232:
231:
224:
218:
217:
211:
210:
209:Transcriptions
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
184:
183:
165:
159:
158:
155:
154:
146:
145:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
53:
52:
42:
38:
37:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3887:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:Central banks
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3746:Bretton Woods
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:Discount rate
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3695:Basel Accords
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3640:Central banks
3634:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Cowperthwaite
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3378:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:Goepfert case
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Tourism Board
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Heung Yee Kuk
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Land Registry
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Fire Services
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:Civil Service
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Bank of China
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1834:, 7 July 1995
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1800:
1794:
1783:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1743:webb-site.com
1740:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:Bayani Cruz,
1638:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1607:
1604:Tony Latter,
1601:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:1 April 1993
1173:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1127:(birth–death)
1119:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
984:colonial rule
979:
972:Exchange fund
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:gold standard
947:
942:
926:
925:1997 handover
922:
917:
913:
911:
896:
894:
889:
877:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
847:
842:
840:
835:
833:
828:
827:
825:
824:
821:
818:
817:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:
781:
780:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
759:
756:
753:
752:
747:
746:Manufacturing
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
711:
707:
706:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
663:
655:
653:
643:
641:
637:
627:
625:
624:Bank of China
621:
617:
613:
608:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
579:
574:
571:
568:
565:
560:
556:
552:
542:
532:
526:
524:
520:
512:
510:
506:
498:
496:
492:
484:
482:
478:
475:
471:
465:
459:
457:
453:
445:
443:
439:
431:
429:
425:
417:
415:
411:
408:
404:
399:
395:
391:
386:
383:
380:
375:
373:
369:
364:
354:
348:
346:
342:
334:
332:
328:
320:
318:
314:
306:
304:
300:
292:
290:
286:
283:
279:
273:
267:
265:
261:
253:
251:
247:
239:
237:
233:
225:
223:
219:
216:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
180:
177:
174:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
151:
143:
138:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
19:
3449:
3358:
3111:Salaries tax
3021:
2791:
2784:Central bank
2531:
2432:Home Affairs
2113:
2106:
2091:
2058:
2041:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1832:The Standard
1831:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1793:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1755:
1747:the original
1742:
1733:
1725:the original
1720:
1711:
1703:the original
1698:The Standard
1696:
1686:
1678:the original
1673:The Standard
1671:
1661:
1654:The Standard
1653:
1637:
1630:The Standard
1629:
1613:
1600:
1593:The Standard
1592:
1576:
1569:The Standard
1568:
1551:
1544:The Standard
1514:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1480:
1439:Money portal
1416:
1397:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1345:Andrew Sheng
1336:
1310:(LL.B, M.S.)
1291:
1271:
1266:
1203:Antony Leung
1164:GBM, GBS, JP
1148:End of term
1105:
1085:
1082:Headquarters
1062:
996:
981:
943:
918:
914:
907:
893:virtual bank
890:
883:
871:
855:
694:
649:
633:
609:
605:
581:
554:
550:
548:
434:ㄐㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄐㄩˊ
414:Hanyu Pinyin
222:Hanyu Pinyin
41:Headquarters
18:
3551:Haddon-Cave
3506:T. S. Smith
3486:C. C. Smith
3106:Rates (tax)
3101:Profits tax
2507:Observatory
2442:Immigration
2289:Departments
2219:Development
1530:Noel Fung,
1515:info.gov.hk
1486:"Base Rate"
1371:(2007–2019)
1353:(1996–2005)
1351:Norman Chan
1347:(1993–1998)
997:During the
501:Gam gun guk
487:Gām gún gúk
56:Established
51:, Hong Kong
3844:Categories
3476:Ricnaecker
3280:Agreements
3126:Stamp duty
3067:Employment
2362:Efficiency
1473:References
1400:World Bank
1256:John Tsang
1211:John Tsang
1207:Henry Tang
946:fiat money
716:Employment
495:Sidney Lau
442:Wade–Giles
317:Sidney Lau
250:Wade–Giles
99:HKD (
66:1993-04-01
3556:Bremridge
3431:Paul Chan
3359:See also:
3144:Transport
2564:Transport
2492:Legal Aid
2312:Buildings
2224:Education
1990:Banknotes
1369:Eddie Yue
1325:Paul Chan
1292:Incumbent
1260:Paul Chan
1151:Duration
1025:blue-chip
1016:billion (
936:HK$ 335.4
934:billion (
800:Geography
795:Education
755:Companies
736:Agri/aqua
721:Transport
708:Resources
685:Banknotes
612:banknotes
420:Jīnguǎnjú
109:Bank rate
87:Hong Kong
78:Eddie Yue
3673:Policies
3586:J. Tsang
3571:D. Tsang
3231:Red chip
3181:Rankings
2948:Currency
2569:Treasury
2533:Railways
2517:Planning
2427:Highways
2264:Security
1824:Archived
1805:27 March
1772:27 March
1646:Archived
1622:Archived
1585:Archived
1561:Archived
1536:Archived
1425:See also
1317:(M.B.A.)
1303:(B.B.A.)
1187:(BSocSc)
964:and the
886:銀行三級發牌制度
810:Politics
672:Identity
630:Policies
578:Jyutping
428:Bopomofo
303:Jyutping
236:Bopomofo
192:Jyutping
101:ISO 4217
92:Currency
3566:Macleod
3536:Follows
3531:Butters
3511:Thomson
3491:Russell
3236:H share
3069:and tax
2882:History
2554:Tourism
2437:Housing
2274:Housing
2254:Justice
2196:Bureaus
1923:Coinage
1492:29 July
1408:HK$ 485
1284:(1965–)
1231:(1954–)
1225:GBS, JP
1170:(1948–)
1092:US$ 480
1078:(IMF).
1035:leader
1011:HK$ 120
1003:shorted
867:Non-DVP
805:History
790:Culture
726:Tourism
559:Chinese
372:Chinese
163:Chinese
126:Website
64: (
49:Central
24:香港金融管理局
3748:system
3647:Global
3561:Jacobs
3541:Clarke
3521:Taylor
3516:Messer
3496:Lister
3471:Mercer
3466:Martin
3306:Energy
2929:Taipan
2522:Police
2502:Marine
2477:Labour
2422:Health
2239:Health
2071:$ 1000
1897:Topics
1508:"Info"
1411:
1394:Events
1248:(B.S.)
1095:
1072:
1068:
1021:
1018:US$ 15
1014:
982:Under
939:
932:
929:US$ 43
731:Postal
580::
561::
3797:Lists
3576:Leung
3526:Caine
3481:Forth
3324:Other
2487:Lands
2066:$ 500
2060:$ 150
2054:$ 100
1931:1 mil
1511:(PDF)
1065:US$ 1
1042:TraHK
741:Ports
690:Coins
646:Tools
133:.hkma
3591:Chan
3581:Tang
3287:CEPA
3142:and
2527:Post
2097:HSBC
2049:$ 50
2043:$ 25
2037:$ 20
2032:$ 10
1981:$ 10
1807:2007
1774:2007
1494:2022
1402:and
1124:Name
1121:No.
966:SARS
634:The
622:and
555:HKMA
549:The
135:.gov
121:None
3172:MTR
2026:$ 5
2019:$ 1
2012:10¢
1976:$ 5
1971:$ 2
1966:$ 1
1961:50¢
1956:20¢
1951:10¢
1404:IMF
1280:余偉文
1228:陳德霖
1167:任志剛
990:or
557:) (
523:IPA
456:IPA
345:IPA
264:IPA
137:.hk
131:www
3846::
2005:5¢
1998:1¢
1945:5¢
1938:1¢
1830:,
1741:.
1719:.
1695:.
1670:.
1652:,
1628:,
1591:,
1567:.
1559:.
1542:.
1534:.
1523:^
1513:.
1421:.
1277:JP
1275:,
1223:,
1217:2
1162:,
1156:1
869:.
642:.
626:.
618:,
598:.
576:;
570:管理
567:金融
564:香港
176:管理
173:金融
170:香港
47:,
3632:e
3625:t
3618:v
3411:e
3404:t
3397:v
2867:e
2860:t
2853:v
2150:e
2143:t
2136:v
1884:e
1877:t
1870:v
1809:.
1776:.
1517:.
1496:.
1267:3
845:e
838:t
831:v
573:局
553:(
385:局
382:管
379:金
179:局
103:)
68:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
