20:
2088:
91:
117:
87:
segregated residence within urban areas, and expanded throughout the apartheid. From this piece of legislation, more policies and legislation of racial segregation were enacted, limiting areas for blacks to live, forcing them into townships. The Native Land Act was the first piece of legislation to enforce territorial segregation and was the beginning of racial segregation in institutionalising it into South
African legislation.
176:
On the streets are typically street children or single adults not whole families. The street homeless population is predominantly black and male. There is a higher prevalence of men on the street, while in the shack population there is a larger female population. A profile of homeless people in Cape
55:
One study found that three out of four South
African metropolitan municipalities viewed homelessness primarily as a social dependency issue, responding with social interventions. At the same time, homeless South Africans indicated that the most important thing the municipality could assist them with
86:
Natives Land Act 1913, known as the Black Land Act, legalised the use of racial distinction that denied rural black farmers access to land. Formed forced 'scheduled areas' that prevented the buying and selling of land to make any profit. It encouraged segregation, controlled movement, and spatially
82:
During the apartheid period, racial segregation and anti-black policies were used to preserve white rule of the country. Zoning laws controlled movement and places of residence for black people, forcing them into black townships in the white-ruled cities. Visible homelessness was not allowed on the
223:
In 1994 in a post-apartheid period, the
Department of Housing aimed to provide a million houses over the next five years. To help alleviate homelessness, the provision of shelter to transition into more permanent living space was implemented by the department of housing as a result of 1994 White
69:
In the 19th century the main issues for the colonies was of squatting and vagrancy after much of the land was taken by white people to be farmed. Mid 19th century, under the colonial rule efforts were made to remove non-white people from white owned property, causing the displacement and a large
219:
There is no specific governmental policy to protect the homeless. A 2003 report found that there was no direct national housing plan for people who lived on the streets, but policy falls predominantly under the
Housing and the Social Welfare sectors. Public spending has gone towards supporting
73:
The introduction of Cape's
Vagrancy and Squatting Act (1878) and other legislation passed by the colonies, were enacted to change the status of vagrants or wanders living on the land into residential labour status to prevent any crime risks associated with the wandering population.
109:
Homelessness is shaped by social and economic insecurity which is worsened by informal housing and lack of legislation by the government. Financial pressure put on those living on the street is worsened as they have no ability to accumulate wealth, unlike the shack population.
48:, social disintegration, and social and economic policies have all been identified as contributing factors to the issue. Some scholars argue that solutions to homelessness in South Africa lie more within the private sphere than in the legal and political spheres.
124:
High rates of migration into urban areas whereby the government is unable to cope with the influx. Post-apartheid, free movement of non-white South
Africans into areas that were restricted to them, resulting in not enough employment opportunities available.
211:‘Surfers not street children’ is an advocacy group based in a city called Durban teach street kids how to surf in order to help them to foster connectedness. Its aim is to help them with psychological issues, caused by difficult childhoods.
3324:
3094:
51:
There is no national census on homeless people in South Africa, researchers instead rely on individual studies of homeless persons in particular cities. The South
African homeless population has been estimated at 200,000.
195:
A high percentage also come from urban townships compared to the higher rate of adults coming from rural areas. They are forced to leave as there is not enough resources to support them in poverty stricken living spaces.
1294:
Atwater, Deborah F.; Herndon, Sandra L. (2003). "The use of public space as cultural communicator: How museums reconstruct and reconnect cultural memory". In Ronald L. Jackson II; Elaine B. Richardson (eds.).
3239:
3079:
3099:
3350:
456:
Cross, Catherine; Seager, John; Erasmus, Johan; Ward, Cathy; O'Donovan, Michael (2010). "Skeletons at the feast: A review of street homelessness in South Africa and other world regions".
3114:
192:
across borders into South Africa originally come from other bordering countries such as
Zimbabwe, this migration occurrence is an increasing situation facing homeless children.
3397:
3393:
317:
Mji, G. (2006). "Disability and homelessness: a personal journey from the margins to the centreand back". In
Watermeyer B; Swaartz L; Lorenzo T; Schneider M; Priestley M (eds.).
3154:
3389:
3254:
3059:
3269:
3159:
3089:
3329:
3249:
3214:
3199:
3184:
3139:
3074:
3380:
1219:
3204:
3304:
3279:
3129:
3124:
3104:
3069:
3054:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3289:
3259:
3244:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3174:
3169:
3119:
3064:
3299:
3294:
3234:
3189:
3149:
3044:
3354:
3274:
3224:
3179:
3164:
3144:
3134:
3049:
3284:
3194:
3084:
2237:
959:
180:
In 2004 rural areas had a higher proportion of homeless than in cities whereby a larger percentage of rural population is poorer than metropolitan areas.
98:
In 1927, the first township called Langa was founded in Cape Town. In the 1950s, townships of Nyanga and
Guglethu were developed and increased in size.
2674:
1798:
1766:
142:
found that there were 55,719 homeless people in the country and that the city with the largest proportion of South Africa's homeless population was
2467:
849:
1674:
1119:
Cross, Catherine; Seager, John R (2010). "Towards identifying the causes of South Africa's street homelessness: Some policy recommendations".
2122:
355:
Speak, Suzanne (2005). "Relationship Between Children's Homelessness in Developing Countries and the Failure of Women's Rights Legislation".
2807:
800:
390:
2583:
2252:
1828:
1786:
2457:
1251:
Pucherova, Dobrota (2009). "Re-Imagining the Other: The Politics of Friendship in Three Twenty-First Century South African Novels".
2714:
2361:
1698:
2553:
2346:
930:
169:
Prior to the 2022 census results there was a lack of consensus on the total number of homeless people living on the street. The
101:
Severe housing shortages in 1968 led to overcrowding and people constructed informal illegal settlements throughout the cities.
3433:
3018:
2812:
1771:
1327:
654:
866:
Mangayi, Lukwikilu Credo (2017-05-03). "'Not just numbers!' Homeless people as potential economic contributors in Tshwane".
2474:
2447:
2351:
993:
Kok, Pieter; Cross, Catherine; Roux, Niël (2010). "Towards a demographic profile of the street homeless in South Africa".
2321:
1776:
1473:
1443:
587:"Land Law Reform: A Comparative Analysis of South Africa'S Labour Tenancy Contract and Malawi'S Tenant Worker'S Contract"
155:
2515:
1967:
1893:
1524:
2588:
2535:
2510:
2422:
2326:
2115:
1921:
1808:
1761:
818:
704:
3428:
3423:
2792:
2602:
2520:
2273:
2268:
2232:
2066:
1756:
146:
with 18.1% of all homeless people. Other cities with a significant share of the country's homeless population was
2797:
2694:
2654:
2540:
2442:
2356:
2336:
2331:
2036:
1458:
170:
967:
2699:
2371:
2309:
1684:
1448:
910:
2832:
2709:
2659:
2530:
2341:
2167:
2160:
1846:
1463:
1428:
2824:
2742:
2573:
2432:
2402:
2299:
2108:
2010:
1468:
1164:"The lived experiences of street children in Durban, South Africa: Violence, substance use, and resilience"
404:
Du Toit, Jacques Louis (2010). "Local metropolitan government responses to homelessness in South Africa".
2669:
2649:
2500:
2071:
2041:
1898:
1591:
3011:
2911:
2724:
2644:
2624:
2452:
2427:
2412:
1813:
1781:
1320:
728:
2664:
2629:
2578:
2462:
2417:
2366:
2316:
2287:
2061:
1868:
1749:
1664:
1536:
547:
173:(HSRC) state that there is an estimate between 100,000 and 200,000 nationwide living on the streets.
139:
2777:
2767:
2689:
2634:
2614:
2563:
2390:
2376:
2247:
2155:
2000:
1977:
1861:
1793:
1723:
1659:
586:
3039:
2971:
2964:
2734:
2704:
2679:
2568:
2505:
2488:
2304:
2143:
2135:
2031:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1926:
1823:
1803:
1713:
1433:
282:
Olufemi, Olusola (1998). "Street homelessness in Johannesburg inner-city: A preliminary survey".
699:. Polakow, Valerie., Guillean, Cindy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2001. pp. 262–308.
2752:
2684:
2639:
2525:
2407:
2026:
1995:
1962:
1931:
1878:
1818:
1744:
1679:
1350:
245:
Homelessness in South African cities has been portrayed in art in a controversial piece titled
200:
189:
3109:
3004:
2980:
2945:
2940:
2802:
2787:
2782:
2757:
2719:
2619:
2172:
2091:
2005:
1883:
1856:
1851:
1718:
1627:
1607:
1519:
1313:
177:
Town found that there were three times more males than females living in homeless shelters.
83:
streets, so those who were homeless due to apartheid policies moved into shack settlements.
2837:
2192:
1873:
1643:
8:
2985:
2901:
2437:
1360:
24:
747:
Naidoo, Vinothan (2010). "Government responses to street homelessness in South Africa".
333:
2761:
2545:
2217:
1669:
1584:
1412:
1276:
1268:
1196:
1163:
1144:
1067:
1018:
891:
824:
782:
722:
617:
528:
516:
481:
431:
372:
299:
166:
had the second largest homeless population with a total of 9,743 recorded individuals.
45:
1297:
Understanding African American Rhetoric: Classical Origins to Contemporary Innovations
563:
2747:
2212:
2187:
2177:
1569:
1514:
1390:
1280:
1227:
1201:
1183:
1148:
1136:
1098:
1071:
1059:
1022:
1010:
895:
883:
828:
814:
786:
774:
710:
700:
671:
650:
609:
567:
520:
485:
473:
435:
376:
258:
220:
shelters for the homeless, however it is only remedial and not a long-term solution.
1086:
850:"Homelessness and unemployment: Understanding the connection and breaking the cycle"
621:
303:
113:
Due to the declining economy unemployment is at 36.2%, contributing to homelessness.
1622:
1617:
1554:
1531:
1483:
1453:
1355:
1260:
1191:
1175:
1128:
1087:"Overview of Poverty Situation and Reduction in South Africa for the Past 10 Years"
1049:
1002:
875:
810:
806:
764:
756:
642:
605:
601:
559:
512:
465:
421:
413:
364:
291:
162:
had the largest number of homeless people with 25,384 recorded individuals and the
879:
2227:
1509:
1380:
239:
1220:"Waving not drowning: the street children finding refuge in Durban's surf scene"
94:
Homeless person trying to make a living through music in Cape Town, South Africa
2923:
2222:
1579:
1564:
1559:
1488:
295:
234:
1264:
1132:
1054:
1037:
1006:
760:
636:
469:
417:
368:
3417:
2933:
2862:
2857:
1612:
1385:
1375:
1231:
1187:
1140:
1102:
1063:
1014:
887:
778:
613:
571:
524:
477:
714:
199:
Street Children suffer physical and psychological abuse and often develop a
2872:
2867:
2852:
2847:
2207:
2131:
1574:
1504:
1478:
1438:
1336:
1205:
163:
147:
36:
32:
1179:
646:
2996:
2928:
2877:
2842:
2558:
2202:
2182:
1370:
1038:"Health and well-being of the homeless in South African cities and towns"
19:
2100:
1272:
2906:
2894:
769:
90:
532:
500:
426:
116:
2918:
2242:
1638:
1633:
1365:
1168:
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
151:
120:
Homeless person collecting recyclables in Stellenbosch, South Africa.
41:
2889:
2197:
501:"Racial Conflict and Protest in South Africa and the United States"
232:
Child homelessness in South Africa has been portrayed in the novel
321:. South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council. pp. 350–360.
2884:
1888:
159:
143:
1162:
Hills, Frances; Meyer-Weitz, Anna; Asante, Kwaku Oppong (2016).
1395:
1305:
855:. Swinburne Institute for Social Research Swinburne University.
263:
1400:
224:
Paper on a New Housing and Policy Strategy for South Africa.
1405:
908:
Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa. (2018).
635:
Crais, Clifton; McClendon, Thomas V., eds. (2013-11-19).
848:
Steen, Adam; Mackenzie, David; McCormack, Darcy (2012).
911:"Informal Settlements and Human Rights in South Africa"
847:
1161:
455:
966:. Human Rights Research Centre. 2015. Archived from
319:
Disability and Social Change: A South African Agenda
56:
was employment and well-located affordable housing.
638:
The South Africa Reader: History, Culture, Politics
64:
805:. OECD Economic Outlook. 2018. pp. 187–189.
3415:
960:"More than just a roof: unpacking homelessness"
676:Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review
334:"Introduction to Comparative Constitutionalism"
1675:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
1293:
1035:
672:"Land Reform from Post-Apartheid South Africa"
634:
3012:
2116:
1321:
992:
498:
1118:
802:OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2018, Issue 2
545:
3026:
3019:
3005:
2123:
2109:
1328:
1314:
1036:Seager, John R; Tamasane, Tsiliso (2010).
697:International perspectives on homelessness
594:Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal
548:"Racial land zoning in urban South Africa"
2130:
1250:
1195:
1053:
768:
425:
44:period. Increasing unemployment, lack of
499:Olzak, Susan; Olivier, Johan L. (1998).
331:
115:
89:
18:
16:Overview of homelessness in South Africa
865:
403:
281:
70:wandering population looking for work.
3416:
1084:
746:
214:
3000:
2104:
1309:
1114:
1112:
988:
986:
984:
925:
923:
921:
742:
740:
738:
691:
689:
669:
584:
354:
332:Nussbaum, Martha (1 September 2002).
2833:South African Bantu-speaking peoples
451:
449:
447:
445:
338:Chicago Journal of International Law
206:
1253:Journal of Southern African Studies
316:
77:
13:
1299:. New York: Routledge. p. 69.
1109:
981:
931:"Census 2022: Statistical Release"
918:
735:
686:
517:10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018239
183:
14:
3445:
546:Christopher, A. J. (1997-10-01).
442:
3325:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3095:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2087:
2086:
1335:
1287:
1244:
1212:
1155:
1078:
1029:
952:
902:
859:
841:
793:
670:Coles, Catherine (1993-08-01).
663:
628:
578:
171:Human Sciences Research Council
133:
65:Early history through the 1800s
1685:Youth Homelessness Matters Day
811:10.1787/eco_outlook-v2018-2-en
606:10.1080/14729342.2006.11421472
539:
492:
397:
391:"Homelessness in South Africa"
383:
348:
325:
310:
275:
23:Street people sleeping in the
1:
3434:Social issues in South Africa
1429:Anti-homelessness legislation
940:. 10 October 2023. p. 63
880:10.1080/0376835x.2017.1310023
564:10.1016/S0264-8377(97)00025-2
269:
227:
128:
505:European Sociological Review
284:Environment and Urbanization
7:
1592:Homeless Friendly Precincts
1121:Development Southern Africa
1085:Swartz, Leon (2004-01-01).
1042:Development Southern Africa
995:Development Southern Africa
868:Development Southern Africa
749:Development Southern Africa
458:Development Southern Africa
406:Development Southern Africa
357:Housing, Theory and Society
252:
10:
3450:
1091:African Population Studies
585:Banda, Sibo (2006-01-01).
296:10.1177/095624789801000210
59:
3338:
3313:
3032:
2958:
2823:
2733:
2610:
2601:
2496:
2487:
2398:
2389:
2295:
2286:
2261:
2151:
2142:
2084:
2054:
2019:
1988:
1940:
1922:Eastern European children
1914:
1907:
1839:
1737:
1706:
1697:
1652:
1600:
1547:
1497:
1421:
1343:
1265:10.1080/03057070903314218
1133:10.1080/03768350903519416
1055:10.1080/03768350903519358
1007:10.1080/03768350903519309
761:10.1080/03768350903519408
641:. Duke University Press.
470:10.1080/03768350903519291
418:10.1080/03768350903519390
369:10.1080/14036090510034581
104:
3080:Central African Republic
1660:Homelessness Action Week
3429:Housing in South Africa
3424:Homelessness by country
2554:State-owned enterprises
2253:Democratic South Africa
1757:Latin American children
3027:Homelessness in Africa
1680:Street Child World Cup
1665:Homeless Persons' Week
727:: CS1 maint: others (
201:substance use disorder
121:
95:
28:
3240:São Tomé and Príncipe
3100:Republic of the Congo
2173:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1628:Single-room occupancy
1520:Homelessness services
1180:10.3402/qhw.v11.30302
647:10.1215/9780822377450
119:
93:
22:
2808:World Heritage Sites
2584:Water and sanitation
2193:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1847:Bangladeshi children
1644:Transitional housing
247:Birds in a Cornfield
140:2022 national census
3315:States with limited
1469:Vulnerability Index
215:Government response
188:Large migration of
2218:Transvaal Republic
1670:Homeless World Cup
122:
96:
46:affordable housing
40:dates back to the
29:
3411:
3410:
3342:other territories
3115:Equatorial Guinea
2994:
2993:
2954:
2953:
2597:
2596:
2589:Wealth inequality
2536:Income inequality
2483:
2482:
2458:Political parties
2423:Foreign relations
2385:
2384:
2282:
2281:
2213:Orange Free State
2188:Dutch Cape Colony
2178:Kingdom of Mutapa
2098:
2097:
2080:
2079:
2050:
2049:
1894:Filipino children
1724:Ghanaian children
1693:
1692:
1570:Four penny coffin
1515:Homeless ministry
656:978-0-8223-7745-0
259:Poverty in Africa
207:Advocacy response
3441:
3403:
3402:(United Kingdom)
3398:Tristan da Cunha
3394:Ascension Island
3386:
3373:
3364:
3340:Dependencies and
3033:Sovereign states
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2974:
2967:
2793:National symbols
2715:Social movements
2608:
2607:
2549:
2521:Economic history
2494:
2493:
2396:
2395:
2362:Populated places
2293:
2292:
2233:Great Depression
2149:
2148:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2089:
2067:Papua New Guinea
1912:
1911:
1704:
1703:
1623:Right to housing
1618:Rapid Re-Housing
1555:Homeless shelter
1545:
1544:
1532:Street newspaper
1484:Social cleansing
1330:
1323:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1057:
1033:
1027:
1026:
990:
979:
978:
976:
975:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
935:
927:
916:
906:
900:
899:
863:
857:
856:
854:
845:
839:
838:
836:
835:
797:
791:
790:
772:
744:
733:
732:
726:
718:
693:
684:
683:
667:
661:
660:
632:
626:
625:
591:
582:
576:
575:
543:
537:
536:
496:
490:
489:
453:
440:
439:
429:
401:
395:
394:
387:
381:
380:
352:
346:
345:
329:
323:
322:
314:
308:
307:
279:
160:Gauteng province
78:Apartheid period
3449:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3384:
3371:
3362:
3343:
3341:
3334:
3318:
3316:
3309:
3028:
3025:
2995:
2990:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2950:
2819:
2798:Public holidays
2729:
2695:Sexual violence
2675:Life expectancy
2593:
2547:
2541:Mining industry
2479:
2443:Law enforcement
2381:
2347:Mountain ranges
2278:
2257:
2228:Second Boer War
2138:
2129:
2099:
2094:
2076:
2046:
2015:
1984:
1936:
1903:
1835:
1733:
1689:
1648:
1596:
1585:Women's shelter
1543:
1510:Hygiene program
1493:
1459:Popular culture
1454:Patient dumping
1417:
1381:Street children
1339:
1334:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1160:
1156:
1117:
1110:
1083:
1079:
1034:
1030:
991:
982:
973:
971:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
933:
929:
928:
919:
915:
907:
903:
864:
860:
852:
846:
842:
833:
831:
821:
799:
798:
794:
745:
736:
720:
719:
707:
695:
694:
687:
668:
664:
657:
633:
629:
589:
583:
579:
552:Land Use Policy
544:
540:
497:
493:
454:
443:
402:
398:
389:
388:
384:
353:
349:
330:
326:
315:
311:
280:
276:
272:
255:
240:K. Sello Duiker
230:
217:
209:
190:street children
186:
184:Street Children
136:
131:
107:
80:
67:
62:
25:Company Gardens
17:
12:
11:
5:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3387:
3374:
3365:
3351:Canary Islands
3347:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Cape Coloureds
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2813:heritage sites
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Slum clearance
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Stock exchange
2556:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:Communications
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2475:State security
2472:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:National parks
2354:
2352:Municipalities
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2310:Climate change
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:First Boer War
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1968:United Kingdom
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1580:Warming center
1577:
1572:
1567:
1565:Drop-in center
1562:
1560:Cooling center
1551:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1489:Slum clearance
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1444:Discrimination
1441:
1436:
1434:Bill of Rights
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:Cyber-homeless
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1286:
1259:(4): 929–943.
1243:
1226:. 2019-10-21.
1211:
1154:
1127:(1): 143–158.
1108:
1077:
1028:
980:
964:www.hsrc.ac.za
951:
938:statssa.gov.za
917:
901:
874:(4): 450–467.
858:
840:
819:
792:
755:(1): 129–141.
734:
705:
685:
662:
655:
627:
600:(2): 201–225.
577:
558:(4): 311–323.
538:
511:(3): 255–278.
491:
441:
396:
382:
363:(3): 129–146.
347:
324:
309:
290:(2): 223–234.
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
261:
254:
251:
235:Thirteen Cents
229:
226:
216:
213:
208:
205:
185:
182:
135:
132:
130:
127:
106:
103:
79:
76:
66:
63:
61:
58:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3446:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Guinea-Bissau
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Social issues
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:Land invasion
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Foreign trade
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Early history
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:Thai children
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:San Francisco
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:United States
1760:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Housing First
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:Mental health
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:Social orphan
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Street people
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
985:
970:on 2020-06-16
969:
965:
961:
955:
939:
932:
926:
924:
922:
914:
912:
905:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
851:
844:
830:
826:
822:
820:9789264308725
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:
796:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
741:
739:
730:
724:
716:
712:
708:
706:0-313-00397-1
702:
698:
692:
690:
681:
677:
673:
666:
658:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
631:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
588:
581:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
450:
448:
446:
437:
433:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
400:
392:
386:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
351:
344:(2): 429–434.
343:
339:
335:
328:
320:
313:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
278:
274:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
250:
248:
243:
241:
237:
236:
225:
221:
212:
204:
202:
197:
193:
191:
181:
178:
174:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
154:(11.9%), and
153:
149:
145:
141:
126:
118:
114:
111:
102:
99:
92:
88:
84:
75:
71:
57:
53:
49:
47:
43:
39:
38:
34:
26:
21:
3390:Saint Helena
3361:
3265:South Africa
3264:
3255:Sierra Leone
3060:Burkina Faso
2825:Demographics
2773:Homelessness
2772:
2743:Architecture
2574:Trade unions
2433:Human rights
2403:Constitution
2300:Biodiversity
2238:World War II
2208:Zulu Kingdom
2132:South Africa
2011:Vatican City
1729:South Africa
1728:
1575:Penny sit-up
1505:Soup kitchen
1479:Survival sex
1464:Spirituality
1439:Bumvertising
1337:Homelessness
1296:
1289:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1235:. Retrieved
1224:The Guardian
1223:
1214:
1174:(1): 30302.
1171:
1167:
1157:
1124:
1120:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1048:(1): 63–83.
1045:
1041:
1031:
1001:(1): 21–37.
998:
994:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
963:
954:
942:. Retrieved
937:
909:
904:
871:
867:
861:
843:
832:. Retrieved
801:
795:
752:
748:
696:
679:
675:
665:
637:
630:
597:
593:
580:
555:
551:
541:
508:
504:
494:
461:
457:
409:
405:
399:
385:
360:
356:
350:
341:
337:
327:
318:
312:
287:
283:
277:
246:
244:
233:
231:
222:
218:
210:
198:
194:
187:
179:
175:
168:
164:Western Cape
148:Johannesburg
137:
134:Demographics
123:
112:
108:
100:
97:
85:
81:
72:
68:
54:
50:
37:South Africa
33:Homelessness
31:
30:
3317:recognition
3270:South Sudan
3160:Ivory Coast
2929:Cape Malays
2650:Immigration
2501:Agriculture
2322:Earthquakes
2203:Cape Colony
2183:Kaditshwene
2072:New Zealand
2042:Switzerland
2037:Netherlands
1889:North Korea
1809:Minneapolis
1371:Mole people
1351:Aged people
770:11427/22256
464:(1): 5–20.
412:: 111–128.
27:, Cape Town
3418:Categories
3372:(Portugal)
3330:Somaliland
3250:Seychelles
3215:Mozambique
3200:Mauritania
3185:Madagascar
3140:The Gambia
3075:Cape Verde
2907:Afrikaners
2895:San people
2778:Literature
2725:Xenophobia
2645:Healthcare
2625:Disability
2548:(currency)
2453:Parliament
2428:Government
2413:Corruption
2248:Border War
1814:New Mexico
1782:California
1767:LGBT youth
1699:By country
1237:2020-06-02
974:2020-06-02
944:12 October
834:2020-06-02
427:2263/14765
270:References
228:Literature
129:Prevalence
3205:Mauritius
2919:Coloureds
2665:Languages
2630:Education
2579:Transport
2511:Companies
2463:President
2418:Elections
2367:Provinces
2327:Estuaries
2317:Districts
2288:Geography
2243:Apartheid
2062:Australia
1869:Indonesia
1829:Elsewhere
1750:Vancouver
1653:Awareness
1639:Tent city
1634:Squatting
1498:Responses
1366:McRefugee
1281:144445871
1232:0261-3077
1188:1748-2631
1149:155017153
1141:0376-835X
1103:0850-5780
1072:154415856
1064:0376-835X
1023:154587498
1015:0376-835X
896:157436731
888:0376-835X
829:239604465
787:154566129
779:0376-835X
723:cite book
682:(4): 699.
614:1472-9342
572:0264-8377
525:0266-7215
486:154893800
478:0376-835X
436:218526847
377:154844071
158:(10.1%).
156:eThekwini
152:Cape Town
150:(15.6%),
42:apartheid
3396: /
3392: /
3385:(France)
3379: /
3357: /
3353: /
3305:Zimbabwe
3280:Tanzania
3130:Ethiopia
3125:Eswatini
3105:Djibouti
3070:Cameroon
3055:Botswana
2981:Category
2890:Khoekhoe
2768:HIV/AIDS
2690:Religion
2655:Intersex
2635:Feminism
2615:Cannabis
2564:Taxation
2468:timeline
2448:Military
2391:Politics
2377:Wildlife
2274:Military
2262:By topic
2198:Ndwandwe
2156:Timeline
2136:articles
2092:Category
2001:Portugal
1978:Scotland
1862:children
1799:Columbus
1794:Colorado
1772:Veterans
1738:Americas
1548:Shelters
1391:Vagrants
1361:Families
1273:40600038
1206:27291160
715:50816760
622:55574097
304:55973607
253:See also
3381:Réunion
3377:Mayotte
3368:Madeira
3363:(Spain)
3359:Melilla
3290:Tunisia
3260:Somalia
3245:Senegal
3230:Nigeria
3220:Namibia
3210:Morocco
3175:Liberia
3170:Lesotho
3120:Eritrea
3090:Comoros
3065:Burundi
3040:Algeria
2965:Outline
2946:Chinese
2941:Indians
2934:Griquas
2912:British
2885:Khoisan
2838:Ndebele
2758:Cuisine
2735:Culture
2705:Smoking
2680:Poverty
2603:Society
2569:Tourism
2506:Banking
2489:Economy
2337:Islands
2332:Forests
2305:Climate
2269:Economy
2144:History
2055:Oceania
2032:Germany
1973:England
1958:Ireland
1953:Finland
1948:Denmark
1927:Hungary
1824:Seattle
1804:Florida
1714:Algeria
1601:Housing
1197:4904070
144:Tshwane
60:History
3400:
3383:
3370:
3300:Zambia
3295:Uganda
3235:Rwanda
3190:Malawi
3150:Guinea
3045:Angola
2986:Portal
2902:Whites
2863:Tswana
2858:Tsonga
2803:Sports
2753:Cinema
2685:Racism
2640:Health
2526:Energy
2408:Courts
2372:Rivers
2134:
2027:France
1996:Greece
1963:Sweden
1932:Russia
1908:Europe
1879:Israel
1819:Oregon
1745:Canada
1707:Africa
1608:Foyers
1422:Issues
1401:Tramps
1396:Bergie
1344:People
1279:
1271:
1230:
1204:
1194:
1186:
1147:
1139:
1101:
1070:
1062:
1021:
1013:
894:
886:
827:
817:
785:
777:
713:
703:
653:
620:
612:
570:
533:522683
531:
523:
484:
476:
434:
375:
302:
264:Bergie
105:Causes
3355:Ceuta
3275:Sudan
3225:Niger
3180:Libya
3165:Kenya
3145:Ghana
3135:Gabon
3110:Egypt
3050:Benin
2972:Index
2873:Xhosa
2868:Venda
2853:Swazi
2848:Sotho
2788:Music
2783:Media
2720:Women
2620:Crime
2546:Rand
2342:Lakes
2161:Years
2006:Spain
1989:South
1941:North
1884:Japan
1857:India
1852:China
1777:Women
1719:Egypt
1630:(SRO)
1413:Youth
1406:Hobos
1277:S2CID
1269:JSTOR
1145:S2CID
1068:S2CID
1019:S2CID
934:(PDF)
892:S2CID
853:(PDF)
825:S2CID
783:S2CID
618:S2CID
590:(PDF)
529:JSTOR
482:S2CID
432:S2CID
373:S2CID
300:S2CID
3285:Togo
3195:Mali
3085:Chad
2878:Zulu
2843:Pedi
2762:wine
2670:LGBT
2020:West
1915:East
1874:Iraq
1840:Asia
1537:List
1525:List
1474:Pets
1228:ISSN
1202:PMID
1184:ISSN
1137:ISSN
1099:ISSN
1060:ISSN
1011:ISSN
946:2023
884:ISSN
815:ISBN
775:ISSN
729:link
711:OCLC
701:ISBN
651:ISBN
610:ISSN
568:ISSN
521:ISSN
474:ISSN
138:The
2748:Art
2438:Law
1261:doi
1192:PMC
1176:doi
1129:doi
1050:doi
1003:doi
876:doi
807:doi
765:hdl
757:doi
643:doi
602:doi
560:doi
513:doi
466:doi
422:hdl
414:doi
365:doi
292:doi
238:by
35:in
3420::
1275:.
1267:.
1257:35
1255:.
1222:.
1200:.
1190:.
1182:.
1172:11
1170:.
1166:.
1143:.
1135:.
1125:27
1123:.
1111:^
1097:.
1095:19
1093:.
1089:.
1066:.
1058:.
1046:27
1044:.
1040:.
1017:.
1009:.
999:27
997:.
983:^
962:.
936:.
920:^
890:.
882:.
872:34
870:.
823:.
813:.
781:.
773:.
763:.
753:27
751:.
737:^
725:}}
721:{{
709:.
688:^
680:20
678:.
674:.
649:.
616:.
608:.
596:.
592:.
566:.
556:14
554:.
550:.
527:.
519:.
509:14
507:.
503:.
480:.
472:.
462:27
460:.
444:^
430:.
420:.
410:27
408:.
371:.
361:22
359:.
340:.
336:.
298:.
288:10
286:.
249:.
242:.
203:.
3020:e
3013:t
3006:v
2764:)
2760:(
2124:e
2117:t
2110:v
1329:e
1322:t
1315:v
1283:.
1263::
1240:.
1208:.
1178::
1151:.
1131::
1105:.
1074:.
1052::
1025:.
1005::
977:.
948:.
913:.
898:.
878::
837:.
809::
789:.
767::
759::
731:)
717:.
659:.
645::
624:.
604::
598:6
574:.
562::
535:.
515::
488:.
468::
438:.
424::
416::
393:.
379:.
367::
342:3
306:.
294::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
