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617:, the Surgeon Superintendent of Rawene Hospital, mounted and armed guards stood at all crossroads to turn back would-be visitors and thus restrict the spread of the disease between settlements. Travellers wishing to enter Hokianga were simply stopped at the boundary. The rule was simple: anyone could leave, but no one could enter.
753:(1802-1871), was the first Roman Catholic bishop in New Zealand. His first mission station was situated at Pūrākau in the Hokianga from 1839 until 1915. He celebrated the first mass on NZ 'terra firma' at Tōtara Point, Hokianga, in 1838. His remains were reinterred in Motuti, Hokianga, in 2002 after a nationwide hīkoi.
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harbour daily, creating in the process a service for both passengers and freight. For half a century, the communities on both sides of the harbour were linked internally by sea transport, before improved roads in the 1950s finally displaced this energetic flotilla and the harbour once again divided the community.
528:, arrived, with the aim of establishing a Catholic mission. He found the southern shores firmly in the hands of Methodist and Anglican missionaries, but the northern side was ripe for conversion. His remains, recently claimed by Ngāpuhi, lie buried where the mission began. Today the harbour, like the
487:
The only disincentive to
Hokianga's exploitation was the harbour bar. Of the hundreds of ships that successfully negotiated it, records show that 16 were lost. Most came to grief when leaving fully laden, becoming caught in the wind shadow cast by South Head, where deep water lay. A temporary lull or
475:
as guide and translator, crossed the bar and entered the harbour in 1822. His was the first
European ship to do so, and it sailed away with the first shipment of timber from the Hokianga. His success inspired a strong following—the deforestation of Hokianga had begun and would be complete by the turn
782:
The dolphin became a local celebrity but news of her soon spread, and visitors from throughout the country would come to watch her. On 8 March 1956 official protection for Opo, requested by locals, was made law, but on 9 March she was found dead in a rock crevice at Koutu Point. It is suspected that
665:
allowing a close inspection of the basalt rocks in the
Wairere valley. Hokianga offers varied and interesting accommodation for all styles and budgets for travelers who prefer a quieter holiday than the busier east coast offers. A visit to the Hokianga is to see what New Zealand was like in previous
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trees, both logging and the gum, the strong thick resin which came from the trees. After the forests started to thin, dairying and cheese production took over as the mainstay of the economy, but they too fell away after the closure of the
Motukaraka Dairy Cooperative in 1953. For a while during the
155:
12,000 years ago, the
Hokianga was a river valley flanked by steep bush-clad hills. As the last ice age regressed, the dramatic rise in sea level slowly flooded the valley turning it into a tidal saltwater harbour with abundant sheltered deep water anchorages. This was the harbour that the explorer
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By 1900, the bulk of the forest had sailed over the bar and the little topsoil that remained was turned to dairy farming for butter production. Most of the cream delivered to the
Motukaraka Dairy Factory was carried there by a fleet of about fifty locally-built launches which criss-crossed the
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While the fate of the country was being signed into history, the axemen of
Hokianga scarcely missed a beat. At any one time, as many as 20 ships could be loading Hokianga timber. Whole hillsides, suddenly bared of vegetation, began to slip into the harbour, choking its tributaries with mud.
711:, and by 1951 she was elected first president of the new Māori Women's Welfare League. The league's success was largely due to Whina's efforts, and she became well known throughout the country. In 1957 she stepped down as president and the annual conference rewarded her with the title
779:, since she was presumed to be male. Unlike the majority of dolphins, she had no qualms about human company, and would perform stunts for locals, play with objects like beach balls and beer bottles, and allow children to swim alongside her and make contact.
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near Horeke where 3000 were waiting. The second signing of the Treaty of
Waitangi took place on 12 February 1840. With the appropriate signatures (and a few inappropriate entries) Hobson could immediately claim support from the biggest tribe in the country.
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The communities of Horeke and Rawene are the second- and third-oldest
European settlements in New Zealand. Rawene is still the most important of the coastal settlements in the Hokianga and is where the base of Hokianga's community owned health services
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possibly frequented the bay historically, prior to significant depletion of the species caused by commercial and illegal hunting. Today, large whales are rarely seen in the bay, although the harbour is a well-regarded area in which to watch smaller
520:
where he set up his colony, declaring himself "Sovereign Chief of New
Zealand", a title that failed to endear him to Ngāpuhi. His project collapsed, but it highlighted to the Colonial Service the need to protect against rival European powers.
152:. It is navigable for small craft for much of its length, although there is a bar across the mouth. In its upper reaches the Rangiora Narrows separate the mouths of the Waihou and Mangamuka Rivers from the lower parts of the harbour.
516:, sailed with 60 settlers into this hive of export activity to claim an immense tract of land that he believed he had purchased 15 years earlier in exchange for 36 axes. He was eventually granted about 1,000 acres (4 km) at
620:
The local epidemic lasted six weeks and a significant number died. Each community attended to its own, and mass burials were commonplace. Few Maori deaths were recorded – the true impact of the epidemic on Maori is unknown.
775:"). Opo was a wild dolphin who started following fishing boats around Opononi in early 1955 after her mother had been killed, and would swim daily in the bay close to town. She was originally named "Opononi Jack", based on
200:
As the Hokianga is a drowned valley, it is the mouth of numerous "tributaries", many of which retain the name river while effectively being bays or inlets. Clockwise from the mouth of the Hokianga, these include:
704:
From an early age she showed an interest in local community affairs and politics, and her flair and abilities led to her becoming the undisputed Māori leader of the northern Hokianga by her mid-30s.
1071:"Pompallier Hokianga Trust | The Trust preserves and promotes the memory and mission of the first Catholic Bishop of Aotearoa New Zealand, Jean Baptiste François Pompallier (1802-1871)"
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were guided along the Ngāpuhi walking tracks to make their own discovery of Hokianga and its accessible timber resources. Their reports soon reached merchant captains in the Bay of Islands.
585:
By 1914, a rustic telephone system linked some of the Hokianga communities with each other and with the outside world. A government-subsidised, weekly coastal shipping service ran between
661:, beaches, historic buildings, nature walks, horse trekking, boat trips, and fishing are bringing more visitors every year. In 2002 the first walking tracks were opened at the
722:– a symbolic march – to protest against the loss of Māori land for which she is best remembered. The march, from the northern tip of the North Island to Parliament in
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In the course of expansion, Ngāpuhi created and maintained over centuries a complex network of walking tracks, many of which evolved into today's roads.
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402:, slowly extended westwards to reach the west coast and to colonise both sides of Hokianga. Māori regard Hokianga as one of the oldest settlements in
1182:
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323:
1027:
Olive Harris; Chris Lancaster, eds. (2006). "Stories of the Churches – Our Centennial Jewel, based on the thoughts of W. Bro. Max Beazley".
363:, the legendary Polynesian navigators and explorers , settled in Hokianga in approximately 925 AD, after their journey of discovery from
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change in wind direction could cause a sailing ship to lose steerage way and be swept onto the rocky shore. In 1828, the missionary
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at the other end of the island made her nationally recognised, with her determined figure, no longer strong in body but strong in
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379:. When Kupe left the area, he declared that this would be the place of his return, leaving several things behind—including the
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in search of spars. He entered the harbour and applied himself to a very adequate chart of the harbour and its approaches.
787:. Her death was reported nationwide, and she was buried with full Māori honours in a special plot next to the town hall.
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was one of the first settlements to succumb. A soup kitchen was organised in each community. On the instructions of
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In recent years, however, tourism has been revived in the region. Attractions such as the great kauri trees of the
17:
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in 1991. She had returned to Panguru in the Hokianga in 1983. She died there on 26 March 1994 at the age of 98.
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Three iconic and very different figures in New Zealand history have been closely associated with the Hokianga.
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Whina Cooper continued to work for the community throughout the 1960s, but it was her 1975 leadership of a
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sites lie close to the Hokianga, among them notably Motukauri Pã, located on a headland at the end of a
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505:, foundered while trying to enter Hokianga Harbour. The last recorded shipwreck involved the schooner
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The area around the harbour is divided in three by the estuary. To the south are the settlements of
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509:, lost with all eight crew in July 1928 after capsizing on the bar at the entrance to the harbour.
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of his canoe. Later, Kupe's grandson Nukutawhiti returned from Hawaiki to settle in Hokianga.
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406:, and it remains a heartland for the people. Rahiri, the 17th-century founder of the Ngāpuhi
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Opononi became famous throughout New Zealand during 1955 and 1956 due to the exploits of a
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1970s and 1980s, there was little economic base for the area, and it became a haven for
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was born at Te Karaka, Hokianga on 9 December 1895, the daughter of a leader of the
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left from, and in 1822 it was home to the first European timber entrepreneurs.
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and will, walking at the head of the march from Te Hapua to Wellington.
574:(European) settlers was frequently tense, never more so than during the
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Berzin A.; Ivashchenko V.Y.; Clapham J.P.; Brownell L.R. Jr. (2008).
898:, published by The Auckland Medical History Society, August 2004. p 3
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This Stern Coast: The Story of the Charting of the New Zealand Coast
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to the south of the harbour, where a monument stands to his memory.
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Hokianga) is located, on top of the hill at the Hokianga Hospital.
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In the 14th century, the great chief Puhi landed just south of the
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Dictionary of New Zealand Biography essay on Dame Whina Cooper
326:; and at the top of the harbour upstream from the narrows are
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550:, keen to secure full Ngāpuhi support, trekked across to the
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The year after de Thierry arrived, another Frenchman, Bishop
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Motukiore Island - where Kupe placed the Kiore on his arrival
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The first major industry of the region was based around the
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and Hokianga, bringing in freight and taking away butter.
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between the Motuti River and Whangapapatiki Creek mouths.
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A Northland Legend: Dr G.M. Smith of Rawene 1883 – 1958
140:. The area is 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of
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she was killed accidentally by fishermen fishing with
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of the 1890s, which largely centred around Hokianga.
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drowned valley on the west coast in the north of the
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In 1837, a French adventurer, the self-titled Baron
176:Numerous small islands dot the Hokianga, notably
124: — "the place of Kupe's great return".
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532:itself, stands between Protestant and Catholic.
990:in 1822 Captain James Herd arrived in the ship
914:DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
609:reached Hokianga in September 1918, and remote
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963:
1101:Hokianga's community governed health services
988:. Wellington: A H and A W Reed. p. 107.
425:to the left and Hokianga Harbour to the right
935:"Orca in the Hokianga | Orca Research Trust"
795:There are composite (years 1–15) schools at
144:City—and 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of
971:. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombes Ltd.
744:
910:"The Truth About Soviet Whaling: A Memoir"
600:
73:Image of the Hokianga generated by NASA's
1183:Populated places in the Northland Region
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421:Mouth of the Hokianga Harbour, with the
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188:, the latter being the site of a former
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649:), the historic waterfront villages of
645:(including the country's largest tree,
116:("the nest of the northern people") or
108:The original name, still used by local
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1107:Local Tourism Members and Information
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471:responded first, and with missionary
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666:decades with unspoiled landscapes.
27:Bay in Northland Region, New Zealand
570:The relationship between Māori and
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810:There are also primary schools at
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1188:Geography of the Northland Region
1178:Ports and harbours of New Zealand
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1007:Gilbert Mair, Te Kooti's Nemesis
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367:aboard their waka (canoe) named
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539:was born in Hokianga in 1838.
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982:Ross, John O'Connell (1969).
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1105:Hokianga Tourism Association
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737:in 1981 and a member of the
483:Hokianga Harbour from Rawene
449:The arrival of the Europeans
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114:Te Kohanga o Te Tai Tokerau
85:is an area surrounding the
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1121:Kohukohu Community Website
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715:("Mother of the Nation").
535:The lawyer and naturalist
467:Captain James Herd of the
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1075:Pompallier Hokianga Trust
751:Jean Baptiste Pompallier
745:Jean Baptiste Pompallier
526:Jean Baptiste Pompallier
1009:. Reed Publ. Auckland.
969:The Coming of the Maori
636:alternative lifestylers
601:1918 influenza pandemic
562:The car ferry at Rawene
542:Within six days of the
537:Sir Walter Lawry Buller
132:The Hokianga is in the
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615:Dr George McCall Smith
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484:
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122:Te Hokianga-nui-a-Kupe
118:Te Puna o Te Ao Marama
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1029:Remember the Hokianga
1005:Crosby, Ron (2004) –
707:In 1949 she moved to
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482:
420:
410:, was born at Whiria
398:. The tribe of Puhi,
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162:southern right whales
72:
1144:35.5258°S 173.3786°E
939:www.orcaresearch.org
739:Order of New Zealand
216:Whangapapatiki Creek
89:, also known as the
57:class=notpageimage|
1140: /
306:; to the north are
60:Hokianga is in the
1173:Far North District
1149:-35.5258; 173.3786
868:New Zealand portal
769:bottlenose dolphin
713:Te Whaea o te Motu
675:
607:influenza pandemic
564:
514:Charles de Thierry
507:Isabella de Fraine
485:
437:More than a dozen
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347:Pre-colonial times
136:, which is in the
134:Far North District
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1038:978-0-473-11859-4
686:Dame Whina Cooper
182:Motukaraka Island
16:(Redirected from
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663:Wairere Boulders
552:Māngungu Mission
544:Waitangi signing
476:of the century.
178:Ruapapaka Island
138:Northland Region
87:Hokianga Harbour
62:Northland Region
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18:Hokianga Harbour
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548:Governor Hobson
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226:Mangamuka River
206:Whakarapa River
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1093:External links
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1060:Parkes, pp 8–9
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761:Main article:
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678:Notable people
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643:Waipoua Forest
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499:Henry Williams
473:Thomas Kendall
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777:Pelorus Jack
771:(nicknamed "
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211:Motuti River
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1147: /
1135:173°22′43″E
1080:14 November
647:Tane Mahuta
576:Dog Tax War
530:Reformation
497:, built by
355:tradition,
324:Rangi Point
262:Settlements
246:Waima River
231:Orira River
103:New Zealand
1162:Categories
1132:35°31′33″S
992:Providence
919:15 January
882:References
824:Matihetihe
724:Wellington
469:Providence
423:Tasman Sea
150:Tasman Sea
75:World Wind
949:6 October
844:Whirinaki
832:Pawarenga
812:Mangamuka
805:Broadwood
791:Education
785:gelignite
696:Te Rarawa
518:Rangiahua
370:Matahorua
336:Mangamuka
312:Pawarenga
308:Broadwood
288:Whirinaki
268:Waimamaku
142:Whangārei
128:Geography
95:estuarine
93:, a long
1168:Hokianga
967:(1949).
854:See also
820:Kohukohu
709:Auckland
651:Kohukohu
625:Industry
587:Onehunga
490:schooner
458:Anglican
454:Wesleyan
433:Pā sites
404:Aotearoa
332:Kohukohu
320:Mitimiti
167:dolphins
83:Hokianga
49:Hokianga
848:Umawera
828:Omanaia
801:Panguru
797:Opononi
749:Bishop
443:tombolo
400:Ngāpuhi
365:Hawaiki
342:History
316:Panguru
296:Omanaia
280:Pakanae
276:Opononi
272:Ōmāpere
146:Kaikohe
77:program
1035:
1013:
846:, and
836:Rawene
816:Horeke
655:Rawene
595:Hauora
572:Pākehā
494:Herald
381:bailer
361:Ngāhue
334:, and
328:Horeke
322:, and
304:Taheke
302:, and
292:Rawene
184:, and
840:Waimā
720:hīkoi
690:Dame
631:kauri
300:Waima
284:Koutu
112:, is
110:Māori
1082:2019
1033:ISBN
1017:p.27
1011:ISBN
951:2017
921:2016
803:and
728:mana
653:and
605:The
373:and
359:and
357:Kupe
169:and
158:Kupe
81:The
773:Opo
735:DBE
699:iwi
408:iwi
101:of
1164::
1073:.
937:.
912:.
850:.
842:,
838:,
834:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
818:,
814:,
807:.
799:,
701:.
638:.
546:,
460:)
439:pā
412:pā
338:.
330:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
298:,
294:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
192:.
190:pā
180:,
173:.
105:.
1084:.
1041:.
953:.
923:.
593:(
64:.
20:)
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