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507:, ordered by Samuel H. Walker, remained unknown to the American public at large. Most of the Ranger force was disbanded during the years following the end of the MexicanâAmerican War on February 2, 1848, since the protection of the frontiers was now an official duty of the U.S. Army. But as more settlers sought to establish homesteads in lands traditionally occupied by Natives, the skirmishes with the native peoples became a major political issue. During the 1850s, the Rangers were intermittently called on to deal with this problem, and with the election of
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the political leaders that a well-funded and organized local Ranger force was essential. Such a force could use the deep familiarity with the territory and the proximity with the theater of operations as major advantages in its favor. This option was not pursued in the light of the emerging national political problems, and the
Rangers dissolved until 1874. However, the conviction of their usefulness had become firmly established, and the agency was eventually reconstituted.
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restored order to the frontier. After McNelly's retirement because of health problems, the
Special Force was dissolved in 1877 and their members absorbed into the Frontier Battalion, which continued to function even after Jones's death in the line of duty in 1881. By the last years of the 19th century, a high measure of security within the vast frontier of Texas had been achieved, in which the Rangers had played a primary role.
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in the line of duty. More sophisticated means of crime fighting were put at their disposal, like automobiles, advanced weaponry and forensics. By the late 1930s, the
Rangers had one of the best crime labs in the United States at the Headquarters Division in Austin. The appointment of Colonel Homer Garrison in September 1938 as director of the DPS proved decisive as well. Under his leadership, many respected captains such as
1041:. The resulting report yielded many worrying conclusions, but the basic underlying facts were simple: the criminality levels in Texas were extremely high, and the state's means to fight them were underfunded, undermanned, loose, disorganized and obsolete. The consultants' recommendation, besides increasing funding, was to introduce a whole reorganization of state security agencies; especially, to merge the Rangers with the
990:, the situation was also very serious, and the Rangers were called in to quell agitated locals and terminate all illegal activities. This trouble continued until well in the 1950s, but the Rangers prevented it from growing into an even more dramatic problem. At Borger, a total of ten officers were sent on April 7, 1927, including Captain Hamer. The balance of the Rangers' activities upon their arrival as reported was:
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659:, neither its leader and founder, Benjamin Franklin Terry, nor the majority of its members had been affiliated with the state agency. The fact that both groups have often been regarded as related (and Terry's men themselves had thus adopted the organization's name) speaks of the widespread fame that the Rangers had achieved by that time. During the Civil War, the duties of scouting the state frontiers for
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most colorful, efficient, and deadly band of irregular partisans on the side of law and order the world has seen. They were called into being by the needs of a war frontier, by a society that could not afford a regular army. Texans passed in and out of the
Rangers regularly; in the early years, a very high proportion of all west Texans served from time to time. If they bore certain similarities to
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role, new resolutions appropriate to the current times were adopted. The
Frontier Battalion was disbanded with the passing of new legislation on July 8, 1901, and a new Ranger force was created, consisting of four companies of "no more than 20 men each" with a captain in command of every unit. The Rangers had evolved into an agency with an exclusive law enforcement focus.
402:) was also his work. Hays trained his men to aim, fire and reload their weapons from horseback, a radical innovation from the usual contemporary technique of dismounting before shooting at enemies and reloading, which was a necessity with more cumbersome weaponry. This tactic was put to devastating effect, and it was imitated shortly afterwards by the military, Texian and
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1017:. Ferguson was elected, and immediately after taking office in January 1933, she proceeded to discharge all serving Rangers. The force also saw its salaries and funds slashed by the Texas Legislature, and their numbers reduced further to 32 men. The result was that Texas became a safe hideout for the many Depression-era gangsters escaping from the law, such as
36:. The unique characteristics that the Rangers adopted during the force's formative years and that give the division its heritage todayâcharacteristics for which the Texas Rangers would become world-renownedâhave been accounted for by the nature of the Rangers' duties, which was to protect a thinly populated frontier against protracted hostilities, first with
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923:. The Rangers and company rounded up the inhabitants of the village and searched their homes. They then proceeded to gather all the men in Porvenir (fifteen Mexican men and boys ranging in age from 16 to 72 years) and march them off into the darkness. A short distance from Porvenir, the men were lined up against a rock bluff and shot to death.
281:" John Jackson Tumlinson Sr., the first alcalde of the Colorado district, is considered by many historians of the Texas Rangers to be the first killed in the line of duty. While there is some discussion as to when Austin actually employed men as "rangers", Texas Ranger lore dates the anniversary year of their organization to this event.
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All special Ranger groups were disbanded; the four official companies were kept, albeit their members were reduced from 20 to 15 each; better payment was offered in order to attract men of higher personal standards; and a method for citizens to articulate complaints against any further misdeeds or abuses was established.
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A thorough-going clean-up was put underway. The liquor traffic was broken up, many stills being seized and destroyed, and several thousand gallons of whiskey being captured and poured out. Two hundred and three gambling slot machines were seized and destroyed, and in a period of twenty-four hours, no
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At the beginning of the 20th century, Texas's frontiers had become more settled, thus rendering the 1874 legislation obsolete after the organization had existed as a quasi-military force for more than 25 years. Amidst serious legal troubles that questioned the authority of the
Rangers to exert such a
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planned a summit in El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad JuĂĄrez, Mexico, an historic first meeting between a U.S. president and a
Mexican president and also the first time an American president would cross the border into Mexico But tensions rose on both sides of the border, including threats of assassination,
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worked extensively to restore the good name of the force that had been compromised in the previous decades, keeping it in line with its traditions within a modern and civilized society and regaining its high status. The number of commissioned officers grew and the
Rangers developed a clear detective
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With minor rearrangements over the years, the 1935 reforms have ruled the Texas
Rangers' organization until present day. Hiring new members, which had been largely a political decision, was achieved through a series of examinations and merit evaluations. Promotion relied on seniority and performance
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These were the most turbulent times in the history of the
Rangers, and with the objective of recycling the force's membership, putting it back in tune with its past and restoring the public's trust, the Legislature passed on March 31, 1919, a resolution to purge it and enhance it and its procedures.
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on both sides of the border and took sides in the civil war, most simply to take advantage of the turmoil to loot. As the lack of American ability to defend its southern border became more apparent, the scope of these activities turned to outright genocide with the intention of driving Americans out
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Before the decade was over, thousands of lives were lost, Texans and Mexicans alike. In January 1919, at the initiative of Representative José T. Canales of Brownsville, the Texas Legislature launched a full investigation of Rangers' actions throughout these years. The investigation found that from
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The quality of the force in terms of training, funding, modernization and number strength has continued to improve. In the last few decades, the Rangers have intervened in several thousand cases with a high level of effectiveness, including many high-profile ones such as the pursuit and capture of
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The success of these campaigns marked a turning point in Rangers' history. The U.S. Army could provide only limited and thinly stretched protection in the enormous territory of Texas. In contrast, the Rangers' effectiveness when dealing with these threats convinced both the people of the state and
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Four newly raised ranging companies, have all been organized, and taken their several stations on our frontier. We are much pleased. We know they are true men, and they know exactly what they are about. With many of them, Native and Mexican fighting has been their trade for years. That they may be
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The Rangers were to be described many times, at first as state troops, later as a police force or constabulary. During most of the 19th century, they were neither. They were apart from the regular army, the militia or national guard, and were never a true police force. They were instead one of the
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that began in 1910 against Mexican President DĂaz changed the relatively peaceful state of affairs along the border. Soon after, violence on both sides of the frontier escalated as bands of Mexicans took over border towns and began crossing the Rio Grande on a near-daily basis. Taking over trade
525:, a veteran Ranger of the war with Mexico, was commissioned as senior captain. With a force of some 100 Rangers, Ford began a large expedition against the Comanche and other tribes, whose raids against the settlers and their properties had become common. On May 12, Ford's Rangers, accompanied by
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forced both the federal and state governments to cut down on personnel and funding of their organizations, and the Rangers were no exception. The number of commissioned officers was reduced to 45, and the only means of transportation afforded to Rangers were free railroad passes, or using their
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and intimidation. McNelly also made himself famous for disobeying direct orders from his superiors on several occasions, and breaking through the Mexican frontier for self-appointed law enforcement purposes. Arguably, these methods either sowed the seeds of discontent among Mexican-Americans or
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took office in January 1874, it marked the end of Reconstruction for the Lone Star State, and he vigorously restored order to Texas in pursuit of improvements to both the economy and security. Once again Natives and Mexican bandits were threatening the frontiers, and once again the Rangers were
490:(the "Texas Devils") were received with reverence and fear. Their role in the MexicanâAmerican War also won them nationwide fame in the United States and news of their exploits, in the contemporary press became common, effectively establishing the Rangers as part of American folklore. As the
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that hindered the advance of the federal troops, which they achieved ruthlessly and efficiently. By then, the Rangers had earned themselves a considerable reputation that approached the legendary among Mexicans, and when Ranger companies entered and occupied Mexico City with the U.S. Army in
721:. At this particular region, the general situation of lawlessness was aggravated by the proximity of Texas to Mexico and the conflict between agrarian and cattle interests. Raids along the frontier were common, and not only perpetrated by ordinary bandits but also promoted by local Mexican
908:, seized 100 horses and mules, burned the town, killed 14 soldiers and 10 residents, and took ammunition and weaponry before retreating back into Mexico. Quesada had five men captured and suffered the loss of 80 dead or mortally wounded, mostly from the U.S. machine-gun emplacements.
727:. In particular, Juan Cortina's men were again conducting periodic guerrilla operations against local ranchers. In the following two years, McNelly and his group energetically engaged these threats and virtually eradicated them. A second sergeant of J. R. Waller's Company "A" was
663:, hostile Natives and deserters devolved upon those who could not be drafted into the Confederate Army because of their age or other disabilities. This mixed group was never officially considered a Ranger force, although their work was essentially the same. In April 1865 General
915:, involving the killing of innocent villagers wrongly accused of raiding the Brite Ranch Store on Christmas Day in 1917. In January 1918 a heavily armed group of Texas Rangers, ranchmen and members a troop of U.S. Cavalry descended upon the tiny community of
603:. Pursued and defeated by Ford and his Rangers again a few days later, Cortina retreated into Mexico, and although he would continue to promote minor actions against the Texan ranchers, the threat of a large-scale military incursion was effectively ended.
817:, who in addition to owning large investments in Mexico was a close friend of Taft from Yale and a U.S. Vice-Presidential candidate in 1908. On October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham and Private C.R. Moore discovered a man holding a concealed
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The general disorganization of law enforcement in the state convinced the members of the Legislature that a thorough revision of the public security system was in order, and with that purpose it hired the services of a consulting firm from
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in 1877. Despite the fame of their deeds, the conduct of the Rangers during this period was questionable. In particular, McNelly and his men used ruthless methods that often rivaled the brutality of their opponents, such as taking part in
1049:(DPS). After deliberating, the Legislature agreed with the suggestion. The resolution that created the new state law enforcement agency was passed in 1935, and with an initial budget of $ 450,000, the DPS became operational on August 10.
842:, Mexican banditos turned towards attacking the American communities for kidnapping, extortion, and supplies. As Mexican law enforcement disintegrated with the collapse of the Diaz regime, these gangs grouped themselves under the various
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was also known as "Hays' Texas Rangers". Despite his youth at the time, the charismatic Hays was a rallying figure to his men and is often considered responsible for giving cohesion, discipline and a group mentality to the Rangers.
698:. This group played a major role in the control of ordinary criminals as well as the defense against hostile Native tribes, which was particularly necessary in the period of lawlessness and social collapse of the Reconstruction.
862:." Hundreds of new special Rangers were appointed by order of the state, which neglected to carefully screen aspiring members. Rather than conduct themselves as law enforcement officers, many of these groups acted more like
889:, a 1915 document calling for a racial utopia and succession from the US. They executed Mexicans and Tejanos at various locations around the state, and left their bodies on display as a warning, including 12 hangings in
942:), the Rangers displayed remarkable activity in the following years, including the continuous fighting of cattle rustlers, intervening in the violent labor disputes of the time and protecting the citizenry involved in
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Doyle, Brett. Laird Transactions, Texas Lodge of Research, Captain Peter F. Tumlinson: Texian Ranger and Mason. Doyle, Brett Laird XXXIX (2004â2005) 113â24 Published by the Texas Lodge of Research A. F. & A. M.
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had launched an attack and briefly occupied the town and later conducted a series of guerrilla actions and raids against local American landowners. Together with a regiment of the U.S. Army commanded by Major
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and the beginning of nationwide prohibition on January 16, 1920, their duties extended to scouting the border for liquor smugglers and detecting and dismantling the illegal stills that abounded within Texas.
904:, increasing the high tension that had already existed between the communities. Villa and General Ramon Banda Quesada, in an attack against the town that was garrisoned by a detachment of the
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organized small, informal armed groups whose duties required them to range over the countryside, and who thus came to be known as "rangers". Around August 4, 1823, Austin wrote that he would "
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300 up to 5,000 people, mostly of Hispanic descent, had been killed by Rangers from 1910 to 1919, and that members of the Rangers had been involved in many acts of brutality and injustice.
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standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham and Moore captured, disarmed, and arrested the assassin within only a few feet of Taft and DĂaz.
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proposed a resolution to establish the Texas Rangers. He proposed creating three companies that would total some 60 men and would be known by "uniforms" consisting of a light
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of the "Terry's Texas Rangers" was shot and killed after an argument with George W. Baylor-who served in the Texas Rangers Frontier Battalion after the Civil War until 1882.
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for many years (and who had taken a Cherokee wife), favored peaceful coexistence with Natives, a policy that left little space for a force with the Rangers' characteristics.
678:. Charged with enforcing unpopular new laws that came with reintegration, that organization fell into disrepute. The TSP only existed from July 22, 1870 to April 22, 1873.
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860:... you and your men are to keep Mexican raiders off of Texas territory if possible, and if they invade the State let them understand they do so at the risk of their lives
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414:; 1,000 of these revolvers were issued to the United States Mounted Rifles engaged in the MexicanâAmerican War. During these years, famous Rangers such as Hays, Walker,
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Sam Houston was re-elected President of Texas on December 12, 1841. He had taken note of the Rangers' cost-efficiency and increased their number to 150. Under Captain
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Despite these popular stories and their fame, some of their most brutal interventions, such as the massacre of unarmed civilians, elderly men, women and children in
279:... employ ten men ... to act as rangers for the common defense ... the wages I will give said ten men is fifteen dollars a month payable in property ...
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of the Southwest entirely; this became known as the Plan de San Diego in 1915. In several well-rehearsed attacks, Mexicans rose up and in conjunction with raiding
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origin among its members. Today, the historical importance and symbolism of the Texas Rangers is such that they are protected by statute from being disbanded.
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273:âmost of them from the United States. Because there was no regular army to protect the citizens against attacks by native tribes and bandits, in 1823,
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The reforms proved positive, and the new Ranger force eventually regained the status of a respectable agency. Under the command of captains such as
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to raise a force of 56 Rangers, along with other volunteer companies. During the following three years, he engaged the Rangers in a war against the
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personal horses. The situation worsened for the agency when its members entangled themselves in politics in 1932 by publicly supporting Governor
311:, they served mainly as scouts, spies, couriers, and guides for the settlers fleeing before the Mexican Army and performed rear guard during the
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through a territory that they were familiar with marked the pace of the American offensive. Rangers played an important role in the battles of
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against the Republic. He favored the eradication of Native Americans in Texasâa view that he shared with Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
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In their early days, Rangers performed tasks of protecting the Texas frontier against Native Americansâ attacks on the settlers. During the
1429:[Transactions, Texas Lodge of Research, Captain Peter F. Tumlinson: Texian Ranger and Mason. Doyle, Brett Laird XXXIX (2004â 2005) 83â91.]
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so the Texas Rangers, 4,000 U.S. and Mexican troops, U.S. Secret Service agents and U.S. marshals were all called in to provide security.
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permanently retained in the service on our frontier is extremely desirable, and we cannot permit ourselves to doubt such will be the case.
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became president of the Republic of Texas in December 1838. Lamar had participated in skirmishes with the Cherokee in his home state of
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It was at these times that many of the Rangers' myths were born, such as their success in capturing or killing notorious criminals and
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peoples. It was also during these years that the Rangers suffered the only defeat in their history when they surrendered at the
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However, the Texas Rangers were not formally constituted until 1835. Austin returned to Texas after having been imprisoned in
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and helped organize a council to govern the group. On October 17, at a consultation of the Provisional Government of Texas,
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In 1909, Private C.R. Moore of Company A, "performed one of the most important feats in the history of the Texas Rangers".
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The Problem of Identity in a Changing Culture. Popular Expressions of Culture Conflict Along the Lower Rio Grande Border
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1066:. The agency is also fully integrated with modern Texan ethnic groups, counting numerous officers of Hispanic and
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from the United States in 1861 during the American Civil War, many Rangers enlisted individually to fight for the
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and murder to suppress political dissent. In 1914 Rangers destroyed a printing press and arrested journalists at
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in 1846, several companies of Rangers were mustered into federal service and proved themselves at the battles of
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was chosen to be the first Major of the Texas Rangers. Within two years the Rangers grew to more than 300 men.
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The scenario changed radically for the Rangers with the state election of 1873. When newly elected Governor
561:. Suffering only four casualties, the force killed a reported 76 Comanche (including a chief by the name of
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1033:. The hasty appointment of many unqualified Rangers to stop the increasing criminality proved ineffective.
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leadership, the force played an important role in the defense against the Mexican invasion led by General
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Swanson, Doug, J. Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers. Viking Press, (2020).
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1973:
Revolution in Texas: How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans
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and general support duties. These minor roles continued after independence, when the region became the
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authorized the recommissioning of the Rangers, and a special force was created within its aegis: the
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2002:. The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas. Harvard University Press (2018).
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338:; like most Texians, he had not forgotten the support the Cherokee had given the Mexicans in the
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squads. Reports of Rangers abusing their authority and breaking the law themselves increased.
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as governor in 1857, they once again regained their role as defenders of the Texas frontier.
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One of the Rangers' highest-profile interventions during this period was taming Texas's oil
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The Texans were determined to restore control and order by any means necessary. As Governor
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1468:, Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine, the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum, issue 1, 2000.
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Full text digital copy of Captain Bill McDonald, Texas ranger: a story of frontier reform
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809:, the celebrated scout, was put in charge of a 250 private security detail hired by
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in March 1847, and the Rangers once again provided valuable support at the ensuing
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2306:
Website including Texas Ranger Battalion photograph at Camp Verde {reference only}
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709:, with the specific task of bringing order in the area of south Texas between the
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function, while the Highway Patrol took charge of direct law enforcement duties.
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674:, the Rangers were replaced by a Union-controlled version of the Rangers aka the
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300:. They were instituted by Texan lawmakers on November 24. On November 28, 1835,
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410:, these revolvers soon evolved into the famous, enhanced six-shot version, the
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1953:
The Texas Rangers And The Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade. 1910â1920
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The Texas Rangers And The Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade, 1910â1920
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guerrillas, within weeks had killed over 500 Texan women, children, and men.
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521:(equivalent to $ 2.5 million in 2023) to fund a force of Rangers, and
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A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas
2014:
Captain L. H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man
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Captain L. H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man
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885:. Rangers feared an uprising by non-white people in Texas because of the
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694:, consisting of six companies of 75 men each under the command of Major
655:. Although the famous Eighth Texas Cavalry regiment was widely known as
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938:(who later became famous for leading the party that killed the outlaws
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Members of the Frontier Battalion, a company of Texas Rangers, ca. 1885
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946:'s public displays from violent mob reaction. With the passage of the
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57:
2276:
Excerpt detailing Ranger misconduct during the Mexican-American War.
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In the Ranging Tradition: Texas Rangers in Worldwide Popular Culture
1932:
The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906â1920
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395:
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324:
61:
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Official Texas Rangers website (Texas Department of Public Safety)
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Hampton, Benjamin B (April 1, 1910). "The Vast Riches of Alaska".
958:, which had developed into lawless territories. During the 1920s,
481:. They were also responsible for the defeat of the fierce Mexican
1883:"The division relating to the Texas Rangers may not be abolished"
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732:
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2201:"Rangers and Outlaws (Transcripts related to the Texas Rangers)"
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2296:
The Adventures of Big-Foot Wallace, the Texas Ranger and Hunter
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1563:, University of Texas Press, 1965, second edition, pp. 219â229.
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With the annexation of Texas within the United States and the
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less than twelve hundred prostitutes left the town of Borger.
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The situation grew even more dramatic when on March 9, 1916,
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766:) and their decisive role in the defeat of the Comanche, the
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1503:"Colt Firearms from 1836" Copyright 1979 by James E. Serven
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2316:
Website including Texas Ranger photographs {reference only}
2290:
Website regarding Texas Rangers photograph {reference only}
1957:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
1934:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
1885:- Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 147, Sec. 1, September 1, 1987.
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tasked with solving the problem. That same year, the state
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Website including Texas Ranger photograph {reference only}
2109:"Mr. Taft's Peril; Reported Plot to Kill Two Presidents".
2132:
Barrow, Blanche Caldwell & John Neal Phillips (Ed.).
2029:
The Men Who Wear the Star: The Story of the Texas Rangers
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Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers
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The Men Who Wear the Star: The Story of the Texas Rangers
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led 500 Mexican raiders in a cross-border attack against
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first established their reputation as frontier fighters.
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In December 1859, Ford and his company were assigned to
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had subsided, and some 60 to 70 families had settled in
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An early depiction of a group of Texas Rangers, c. 1845
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and succeeded in weakening their territorial control.
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a Primary Source Adventure, a lesson plan hosted by
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Harris, Charles H. III & Sadler, Louis R., ibid.
1712:
1676:
1649:
1624:
Parsons, Chuck & Hall Little, Marianne E., ibid.
1344:
2642:
History of organizations based in the United States
2081:
The Law Comes to Texas: The Texas Rangers 1870â1901
2067:
Defending the Borders: The Texas Rangers, 1848â1861
1688:
1664:
1587:
The Law Comes to Texas: The Texas Rangers 1870â1901
1548:
Defending the Borders: The Texas Rangers, 1848â1861
701:The Frontier Battalion was soon augmented with the
2177:
1950:
791:
705:, a second military group of 40 men under Captain
610:
578:, in south Texas, where the local Mexican rancher
2161:
1949:Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2004).
1930:Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2009).
1755:
1753:
1751:
391:. The adoption of the state-of-the-art five-shot
2613:
2053:The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense
1561:The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Justice
1453:The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense
999:
376:First Regiment of Texas Mounted Rifle Volunteers
2627:History of law enforcement in the United States
2198:
2096:The Legend Begins: The Texas Rangers, 1823â1845
1987:Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First-Century Update
1786:Harris, Charles H. III & Sadler, Louis R.,
1611:Parsons, Chuck & Hall Little, Marianne E.,
1013:in his re-election campaign, over his opponent
962:was decreed on several of these towns, such as
838:routes in Mexico by establishing themselves as
406:. At the suggestion of one of Hays's officers,
2165:Six Years with the Texas Rangers, 1875 to 1881
2012:Parsons, Chuck & Marianne E. Hall Little.
1748:
445:. From that moment on, their effectiveness as
32:belonging to the newly independent country of
2350:
2228:Official Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum
2203:. Texas State Library and Archives Commission
2149:Texas Ranger Tales: Stories That Need Telling
1535:Texas Ranger Tales: Stories That Need Telling
231:
383:, a chief of the allied Native tribe of the
374:in 1842 and against attacks by Natives. The
881:, because the newspaper had criticized the
858:instructed Ranger Captain John R. Hughes, "
587:(who later became a notable general of the
2573:Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas
2357:
2343:
2108:
1799:
1793:
1706:
1394:, Wing Books, (1991 Edition), pp. 472-477.
494:reported in the November 16, 1848, issue:
250:
238:
224:
1809:. University of Texas Press. p. 88.
825:Mexican Revolution and early 20th century
1985:Knight, James R. & Davis, Jonathan.
1073:
741:
424:
296:and an identification badge made from a
254:
2172:
2136:, University of Oklahoma Press (2004).
1916:
1730:
1694:
1602:killed 1893 is 3rd from right front row
549:and attacked a Comanche village in the
514:On January 27, 1858, Runnels allocated
361:
2614:
2583:Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas
2180:The Autobiography of John Hays Hammond
1948:
1929:
1742:
1718:
1682:
1670:
1658:
330:This situation changed radically when
2338:
2055:, University of Texas Press (1989).
883:United States occupation of Veracruz
429:Texas Ranger on horseback, ca. 1846.
2323:by Paine, Albert Bigelow, 1861â1937
2271:The King Ranch and The King Rangers
2184:. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
1905:(University of Texas Press. 1987).
595:), Ford's Rangers took part in the
398:(which had been turned down by the
13:
2126:
1768:Johnson, Benjamin Herber, op. cit.
1252:John Horton "Texas John" Slaughter
323:. Houston, who had lived with the
51:explains the Rangers' uniqueness:
14:
2653:
2578:Congress of the Republic of Texas
2216:
1047:Texas Department of Public Safety
919:on the Mexican border in western
461:. The army, commanded by General
64:, they were never quite the same.
2366:
2299:, Published 1870, hosted by the
2237:, Published 1914, hosted by the
1975:, Yale University Press (2003).
1347:
1334:Benjamin Maney Gault (1886-1947)
1326:
1314:
1300:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1244:
1230:
1216:
1202:
1188:
1174:
1162:
1148:
1134:
1120:
1106:
1094:
1080:
567:) and took 18 prisoners and 300
207:
92:
24:settlement of what is today the
20:trace back to the first days of
2134:My Life With Bonnie & Clyde
1876:
1857:
1854:Webb, Walter Prescott, op. cit.
1848:
1839:
1823:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1627:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1308:William A. A. "Bigfoot" Wallace
792:Taft-Diaz assassination attempt
611:Civil War and late 19th century
2168:. Von Boeckmann-Jones Company.
1576:, Berkley Books, 2003, p. 144.
1497:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1045:under a new agency called the
1:
2151:, Republic of Texas, (1998).
2098:, State House Press, (1996).
2083:, State House Press, (1999).
2069:, State House Press, (2001).
1891:
1873:. Retrieved October 13, 2005.
1000:Modernization and present day
2557:Timelines of cities in Texas
2113:. London. October 16, 1909.
2016:, State House Press (2000).
1238:Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross
30:Province of Coahuila y Tejas
7:
2588:Texas Historical Commission
2285:The Portal to Texas History
1494:. Retrieved March 26, 2007.
1340:
1015:Miriam Amanda "Ma" Ferguson
813:, a nephew of Texas Ranger
783:and confessions induced by
267:Mexican War of Independence
44:, hostilities with Mexico.
10:
2658:
2162:Gillett, James B. (1921).
2031:, Modern Library, (2001).
1971:Johnson, Benmamin Herber.
1023:George "Machine Gun" Kelly
120:Early Spanish explorations
28:, when it was part of the
2596:
2565:
2491:
2430:
2379:
2331:, by Dr. Américo Paredes.
1835:, accessed March 10, 2016
1635:"McDonald, William Jesse"
807:Frederick Russell Burnham
420:William "Bigfoot" Wallace
302:Robert McAlpin Williamson
1833:Handbook of Texas Online
1378:
911:The final straw was the
735:Police Chief and Deputy
368:John Coffee "Jack" Hays'
265:By the early 1830s, the
2301:Portal to Texas History
2281:Lone Stars and Gunsmoke
2239:Portal to Texas History
2234:Rangers and Sovereignty
2051:Webb, Walter Prescott.
1559:Webb, Walter Prescott,
1451:Webb, Walter Prescott,
1196:Henry Eustace McCulloch
1142:John Coffee "Jack" Hays
1064:Ăngel Maturino ResĂ©ndiz
758:(including bank robber
641:Henry Eustace McCulloch
553:Valley, flanked by the
251:Creation and early days
16:The origins of today's
2632:Legal history of Texas
2000:Martinez, Monica Muñoz
1989:, Eakin Press (2003).
1831:"Porvenir Massacre," [
1492:Western Horsemen Story
1480:Lawmen of the Old West
1368:La Matanza (1910â1920)
1294:Samuel Hamilton Walker
1114:John Salmon "Rip" Ford
1088:John Barclay Armstrong
749:
541:in Texas, crossed the
523:John Salmon "Rip" Ford
509:Hardin Richard Runnels
501:
430:
408:Samuel Hamilton Walker
262:
66:
40:tribes, and after the
2622:Texas Ranger Division
2199:Texas State Library.
1373:Texas Ranger Division
1074:Notable Texas Rangers
906:13th Cavalry Regiment
856:Oscar Branch Colquitt
745:
657:Terry's Texas Rangers
585:Samuel P. Heintzelman
496:
428:
258:
53:
18:Texas Ranger Division
2094:Wilkins, Frederick.
2079:Wilkins, Frederick.
2065:Wilkins, Frederick.
1585:Wilkins, Frederick,
1546:Wilkins, Frederick,
1266:Erastus "Deaf" Smith
1055:Manuel T. Gonzaullas
1043:Texas Highway Patrol
902:Columbus, New Mexico
435:MexicanâAmerican War
387:, used to call Hays
362:MexicanâAmerican War
2027:Robinson, Charles.
1901:Ford, John Salmon.
1829:Cynthia E. Orozco,
1759:Cox, Mike, op. cit.
1520:Ford, John Salmon,
1416:Robinson, Charles,
1321:George Wythe Baylor
893:in September 1915.
798:William Howard Taft
488:los Diablos Tejanos
473:and the battles of
111:Pre-Columbian Texas
2263:2015-08-23 at the
2174:Hammond, John Hays
1919:Hampton's Magazine
1733:, pp. 565â66.
1572:Utley, Robert M.,
1485:2007-10-08 at the
1390:Fehrenbach, T.R.,
1280:Dallas Stoudenmire
1224:Leander H. McNelly
1182:Benjamin McCulloch
970:; at others, like
835:Mexican Revolution
781:summary executions
764:John Wesley Hardin
750:
729:Dallas Stoudenmire
707:Leander H. McNelly
692:Frontier Battalion
676:Texas State Police
649:Leander H. McNelly
637:Benjamin McCulloch
539:Brazos Reservation
449:and guides to the
447:guerrilla fighters
443:Resaca de la Palma
431:
416:Benjamin McCulloch
263:
2637:American frontier
2609:
2608:
2566:Government agency
2402:Republic of Texas
2249:Handbook of Texas
2191:978-0-405-05913-1
2157:978-1-55622-537-6
2142:978-0-8061-3625-7
2104:978-1-880510-41-4
2089:978-1-880510-61-2
2075:978-1-880510-41-4
2061:978-0-292-78110-8
2037:978-0-375-75748-8
2022:978-1-880510-73-5
1995:978-1-57168-794-4
1981:978-0-300-09425-1
1941:978-0-8263-4652-0
1911:978-0-292-77034-8
1869:Handbook of Texas
1509:978-0-8117-0400-7
1477:Circelli, Jerry,
1466:Captain Jack Hays
1440:The Texas Rangers
913:Porvenir Massacre
887:Plan of San Diego
877:, a newspaper in
869:The Rangers used
811:John Hays Hammond
633:Thomas S. Lubbock
492:Victoria Advocate
471:Siege of Veracruz
348:Texas Legislature
340:CĂłrdova Rebellion
332:Mirabeau B. Lamar
317:Republic of Texas
275:Stephen F. Austin
248:
247:
198:
197:
160:Republic of Texas
2649:
2407:Texas annexation
2373:History of Texas
2371:
2370:
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2336:
2335:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2195:
2183:
2169:
2122:
1968:
1956:
1945:
1926:
1903:Rip Ford's Texas
1886:
1880:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1801:Minutaglio, Bill
1797:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1777:Cox, Mike, ibid.
1775:
1769:
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1760:
1757:
1746:
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1637:. tshaonline.org
1631:
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1522:Rip Ford's Texas
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1456:
1449:
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1395:
1388:
1363:History of Texas
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1124:
1110:
1101:William Callicot
1098:
1084:
1068:African American
1031:Raymond Hamilton
1027:Pretty Boy Floyd
1019:Bonnie and Clyde
1006:Great Depression
940:Bonnie and Clyde
815:John Coffee Hays
629:George W. Baylor
547:Native Territory
537:scouts from the
520:
486:September 1847,
319:under President
309:Texas Revolution
240:
233:
226:
214:Texas portal
212:
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107:
106:
96:
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68:
67:
47:Texas historian
42:Texas Revolution
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2443:Border disputes
2426:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2265:Wayback Machine
2219:
2206:
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2192:
2129:
2127:Primary sources
1965:
1942:
1894:
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1707:Daily Mail 1909
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1169:Robert Kinghorn
1167:
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1130:
1125:
1116:
1111:
1102:
1099:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1002:
921:Presidio County
917:Porvenir, Texas
827:
794:
776:Salinero Revolt
762:and gunfighter
748:
665:John A. Wharton
613:
601:Rio Grande City
557:in what is now
515:
364:
261:
253:
244:
208:
206:
194:1865–1899
184:1861–1865
174:1845–1860
164:1836–1845
154:1821–1836
144:1690–1821
134:1684–1689
124:1519–1543
84:
77:
49:T.R. Fehrenbach
12:
11:
5:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
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2607:
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2604:
2603:
2601:Years in Texas
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2517:Corpus Christi
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2458:Jewish history
2455:
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2422:State of Texas
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2217:External links
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2047:978-1101979860
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2010:
2008:978-0674976436
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1745:, p. 213.
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891:Hidalgo County
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672:Reconstruction
625:Walter P. Lane
612:
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555:Antelope Hills
551:Canadian River
463:Winfield Scott
389:Bravo too much
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313:Runaway Scrape
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26:State of Texas
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1872:
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1865:
1864:Texas Rangers
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1816:9781477310366
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2477:
2387:French Texas
2327:
2295:
2256:
2247:
2233:
2205:. Retrieved
2179:
2164:
2148:
2133:
2110:
2095:
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2013:
1986:
1972:
1952:
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1805:
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1773:
1764:
1738:
1731:Hammond 1935
1726:
1714:
1709:, p. 7.
1702:
1695:Hampton 1910
1690:
1678:
1673:, p. 1.
1666:
1639:. Retrieved
1629:
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1425:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1403:Fehrenbach,
1399:
1391:
1386:
1355:Texas portal
1333:
1060:
1051:
1035:
1003:
953:
948:Volstead Act
944:Ku Klux Klan
933:
929:
925:
910:
898:Pancho Villa
895:
874:
868:
859:
853:
843:
832:
828:
795:
753:
751:
737:U.S. Marshal
722:
719:Nueces Strip
711:Nueces River
702:
700:
691:
683:Richard Coke
680:
669:
661:Union troops
615:After Texas
614:
605:
580:Juan Cortina
573:
562:
513:
502:
497:
491:
487:
483:guerrilleros
482:
465:, landed at
451:federal army
432:
388:
380:
365:
329:
306:
298:Mexican peso
283:
278:
264:
130:French Texas
54:
46:
15:
2552:San Antonio
2512:Brownsville
2453:Indian Wars
2147:Cox, Mike.
1743:Harris 2009
1719:Harris 2009
1683:Harris 2009
1671:Harris 2009
1659:Harris 2009
1600:Frank Jones
1533:Cox, Mike,
1438:Cox, Mike,
1128:Frank Hamer
988:Burkburnett
960:martial law
936:Frank Hamer
875:El Progreso
840:road agents
819:palm pistol
688:legislature
621:Confederacy
597:Cortina War
576:Brownsville
564:Iron Jacket
479:Chapultepec
475:Cerro Gordo
459:Buena Vista
412:Walker Colt
372:Adrian Woll
344:Thomas Rusk
321:Sam Houston
286:Mexico City
83:History of
2616:Categories
2532:Fort Worth
2468:Revolution
2438:Annexation
2111:Daily Mail
1892:References
1407:, p. 473.
871:censorship
755:desperados
715:Rio Grande
623:, such as
2537:Galveston
2380:By period
2246:from the
2119:0307-7578
1866:from the
1405:Lone Star
1392:Lone Star
972:Desdemona
956:boomtowns
864:vigilante
844:caudillos
724:caudillos
653:John Ford
593:Civil War
543:Red River
455:Monterrey
439:Palo Alto
400:U.S. Army
170:Statehood
58:Mamelukes
2502:Amarillo
2463:Oil boom
2431:By topic
2261:Archived
2176:(1935).
1803:(2021).
1641:March 9,
1598:Captain
1483:Archived
1341:See also
849:Villista
770:and the
760:Sam Bass
731:, later
713:and the
559:Oklahoma
531:Anadarko
505:Saltillo
467:Veracruz
404:American
396:revolver
356:Comanche
354:and the
352:Cherokee
325:Cherokee
101:Timeline
74:a series
72:Part of
62:Cossacks
2542:Houston
2527:El Paso
2473:Slavery
2448:Forests
2207:July 6,
1039:Chicago
984:Kilgore
785:torture
733:El Paso
670:During
617:seceded
591:in the
535:Shawnee
527:Tonkawa
336:Georgia
2547:Laredo
2522:Dallas
2507:Austin
2251:Online
2188:
2155:
2140:
2117:
2102:
2087:
2073:
2059:
2045:
2035:
2020:
2006:
1993:
1979:
1961:
1938:
1909:
1871:Online
1813:
1507:
980:Ranger
968:Borger
879:Laredo
772:Apache
569:horses
519:70,000
381:Flacco
294:duster
76:on the
34:Mexico
1898:2006.
1379:Notes
964:Mexia
768:Kiowa
589:Union
545:into
385:Lipan
271:Texas
85:Texas
2494:city
2483:Vice
2209:2020
2186:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2138:ISBN
2115:ISSN
2100:ISBN
2085:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2057:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2018:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1925:(1).
1907:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1643:2010
1505:ISBN
1029:and
1004:The
986:and
976:Wink
966:and
833:The
800:and
651:and
533:and
517:US$
477:and
457:and
441:and
418:and
60:and
2492:By
2618::
1923:24
1921:.
1750:^
1651:^
1490:,
1025:,
1021:,
982:,
978:,
974:,
739:.
647:,
643:,
639:,
635:,
631:,
627:,
571:.
529:,
2358:e
2351:t
2344:v
2267:.
2211:.
2194:.
2144:.
2121:.
2091:.
2024:.
1967:.
1944:.
1913:.
1819:.
1790:.
1697:.
1645:.
1615:.
1589:.
1550:.
1537:.
1524:.
1511:.
1455:.
1442:.
1420:.
239:e
232:t
225:v
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