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2505:(Hanseatic City of Hamburg). Effective 1 April 1938, the Constitution of Hamburg was altered through the "Law of the Constitution and Administration of Hamburg" (9 December 1937). This formalized the division of Hamburg into separate state and municipal administrations. Kaufmann remained in charge of the state government and received the lion's share of the power and authority. The Hamburg Senate and the position of Governing Mayor of Hamburg were abolished. Krogmann's title was downgraded to Mayor and he was left with only municipal administration.
42:
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1727:
1852:, who owed Brandt money. Brandt took the duke to task and insulted him. The duke complained to the senate. The senate cited Brandt, who confessed and was arrested. This caused an uproar and citizens formed a council. At this time the senate was formed by the richest citizens, without election, and the senate did not need to provide account for its decisions. The situation in Hamburg was especially unstable because in 1408, members of the senate of LĂĽbeck had found asylum in Hamburg after they were expelled by the citizens of LĂĽbeck.
1889:
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2005:
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1825:
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570:
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2218:". This fire started on the night of 4 May 1842 and was extinguished on 8 May. It destroyed three churches, the town hall, and countless other buildings. It killed 51 people, and left an estimated 20,000 homeless. Reconstruction took more than 40 years. As part of the reconstruction, the first large modern sanitation system in Europe was built in Hamburg.
2164:, the self-ruling city-state adopted a democratic constitution in 1860 that provided for the election of the Senate, the governing body of the city-state, by adult taxpaying males. Other innovations were the separation of powers, the separation of Church and State, freedom of the press, of assembly and association. Hamburg became a member of the
2060:
for their opinions. The faculties attested to the senate that the Jews should be tolerated in the town as strangers. The safety in person were granted; however, several assaults, often triggered by
Christian homilies, against individual Jews took place. The community was not to be allowed to practise
1963:) reorganized the political system. The senate, now 24 aldermen, held the executive and judicial authority. But without the council of the citizens, no laws could be enacted. The councils were elected by the 4 parishes. The parishes were now also administrative divisions of the city. In May 1531 the
1748:
of trading cities. The first contract stated that both cities would defend their freedom and privileges together. The second contract stated that the road between the two cities would be secured against bandits and that deported émigrés would not find shelter in the other city. In 1264 the east–west
2329:
took the city administrations under their control. They agreed to hold a free, equal and secret-ballot election on March 16, 1919. There were 6 elections in total from 1919 to 1933. In the first election, SPD and DDP agreed to form a coalition. However, populist sentiments were rising after WWI and
2144:
finally freed the city in 1814. In addition to stimulating German nationalism, the war had a major impact in mobilizing a civic spirit in numerous volunteer activities. Many volunteer militias and civic associations were formed, and collaborated with churches, and the press to support local and
1796:
currency association). The cities
Hamburg, LĂĽbeck, Luneburg, Wismar and Rostock formed this association. Hamburg's most important export article was beer. Three tonnes of beer cost one mark. At this time Hamburg's population was 14,000. Hamburg was the third–largest city in the Hanseatic
1986:
In 1558 the
Hamburg stock market was founded. In 1567 Hamburg asked a group of English traders to settle in the city. This was in conflict with the rules of the Hanseatic League, but Hamburg used the taxes to downsize the public debt. The cause of this debt was Hamburg's contribution to the
2245:
of the late 19th century, and the last major cholera epidemic in an important city in the
Western world. The Hamburg water supply from the Elbe did not meet modern standards, and the authorities long continued to deny there was an epidemic, or implement the new understanding of the
2371:
newspaper in
Hamburg. When the Senate acquiesced, the three Social Democratic members of the Senate resigned, including the Police Senator. The next day, the Senate President also handed in his resignation. Further demands for the appointment of a
1667:, declined all claims of property northern of the river Elbe. Hamburg was controlled by Denmark. The Danish governor united the new and the old parts of Hamburg under one law, town hall and court. A series of Danish defeats culminating in the
2221:
Hamburg experienced its fastest growth during the second half of the 19th century, when its population more than quadrupled to 800,000 as the growth of the city's
Atlantic trade helped make it Europe's third-largest port. Construction of
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which killed 42,000 German civilians. British bombers dropped 23,000 tons of bombs, the
Americans dropped 16,000 tons. As the bombings continued more and more people moved out. By May 1945 half a million people (35%) had fled.
2469:
a mere administrative unit of the Reich. A bitter rivalry existed between
Krogmann and Kaufmann over juridiction of the city-state. On 29 July 1936, this was resolved in Kaufmann's favor when Hitler granted him the title of
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demanded to free Brandt and to enter into negotiations. The mayor, Kersten Miles, and the senate freed Brandt and agreed after four days of negotiations to a compromise of 20 points. These points included:
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of the city. Hard punishments would be given if a swan was beaten to death, insulted, shot or eaten. A popular belief (omen) is that
Hamburg will be free and Hanseatic so long as swans are living on the
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2579:
1644:, tax-free access up the Lower Elbe into the North Sea, and the rights to fish, to cut trees and the freedom of military service. The charter was given orally for Hamburg's backing of Frederick's
7526:
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2552:— were forced to work at more than 900 companies, living in more than 1,200 camps all over Hamburg. Some of these camps held only 7 inmates, others were known for more than 1,500 inmates.
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On 5 August 1284 a great fire destroyed all but one residential house in
Hamburg. The first description of civil, criminal and procedural law for a city in Germany in German language, the
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in 1892 was very badly handled by the city government, which still retained an unusual degree of independence for a German city at the time. About 8,600 died in the largest German
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1979:
lost their citizenship and were challenged to leave the city, although remaining Catholics could practice their religion in the small chapels of the diplomatic missions of the
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occurs a number of times in Germany, but its meaning is equally uncertain. It could be related to "heim" and Hamburg could have been placed in the territory of the ancient
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2421:(mayor), and he formed a coalition administration dominated by Nazis but also containing members of the bourgeois parties. From 18 May 1933, he bore the official title of
247:
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2615:— only 50 kilometres (30 mi) east of Hamburg — separated the city from most of its hinterland and further reduced Hamburg's global trade. On 16 February 1962 a
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and Hamburg have ambitions for regaining their positions as the region's largest deep-sea port for container shipping and its major commercial and trading centre.
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Der Reformationsdiskurs der Stadt Hamburg: Ereignisabhängiges Textsortenaufkommen und textsortenabhängige Ereignisdarstellung der Reformation in Hamburg 1521-1531
2774:
7226:
2548:, some of the buildings have been preserved and as of 2008 serve as a memorial. From 1939 until 1945 more than 500,000 men, women and children — including
686:
in this context is unknown. The angle might refer to a spit of land or to the curvature of a river. The language spoken might not have been Old High German, as
10319:
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2305:(Open-air Park) was opened in Hamburg. It was located on a lake formed by the Alster River in the southern part of the city, adjoining a bathing beach. After
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Article 13. When there are disputes between the senate and the citizens, these disputes need to be corrected immediately and are not to be delayed by jurists.
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2084:. The latter was burned down by a trespassing Swedish army (Altona was not part of Hamburg at the time); Sweden's adversaries retaliated by burning down
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came up the River Elbe in 845 and destroyed Hamburg, which at that time was a town of around 500 inhabitants. Two years later, Hamburg was united with
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2286:. Hamburg became a cosmopolitan metropolis based on worldwide trade. Hamburg was the port for most Germans and Eastern Europeans to leave for the
3047:
Art. 13: Bei Streitigkeiten zwischen Rat und Bürgern sind diese ohne Verzug zu bereinigen und dürfen auch nicht durch Juristen verzögerd werden.
708:. However, a derivation of "home city" is perhaps too direct, as the city was named after the castle. Another theory is that Hamburg comes from
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3212:"Die Pest in Hamburg. Epidemiologische und ätiologische Überlegungen während und nach der letzten Pestepidemie im Hamburger Raum 1712/13"
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the Great Depression, and the relatively centrist SPD quickly lost grounds. In the last election, the NSDAP got 35% of the vote and the
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Through this, and the new zoning guidelines of the 1960s, the inner city lost much of its architectural past. From 1938 until 1945 a
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was executed in Hamburg, although pirates were often thrown overboard to drown or decapitated shortly after their capture. In 1433
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and inaugurated in January 2017. The landscape projects in the redevelopment included open spaces designed by EMBT Architects (see
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its religion publicly, but small private praying rooms were overlooked. Not until 1660 could the first small synagogue be built.
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2359:(coordination) by which they intended to eliminate any potential sources of opposition in the states. On 3 March, 1933, the Nazi
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was abolished altogether and all the state's sovereign powers passed to the central government. The state government continued
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from 1814 to 1866 and, as the other member-states, enjoyed full sovereignty. After periodic political unrest, particularly in
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In 1762 the city was briefly occupied by Danish forces who were trying to raise money to fight a coming war with Russia.
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on 22 July 1227 cemented the loss of Denmark's northern German territories and liberated Hamburg. Hamburg submitted to
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and others survived, and are now in the city's museums. At the same time on 24 February, the long compromise (German:
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1712:, one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, killed more than 6,000 in Hamburg, half of the city's population.
1562:
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2140:. The city was besieged for over a year by Allied forces (mostly Russian, Swedish and German). Russian forces under
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Katherine Aaslestad, "Cities and War: Modern Military Urbanism in Hamburg and Leipzig during the Napoleonic Era."
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state armies, patriotic wartime mobilization, humanitarian relief and postwar commemorative practices and rituals.
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2032:. Some of these street names still date from the grid system of roads he introduced. In the late 1580s, the first
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was spoken there later. Other theories hold that the castle was named for the word of a surrounding vast forest,
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Aryanization in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion of Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany
2619:
caused the Elbe to rise to an all-time high, inundating one fifth of Hamburg and killing more than 300 people.
1940:
1732:
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361:
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3221:. 2-3/1983 (Sonderdruck of part I&II first published in Jg. 37 pp. 51-57 and 82-87): 1–14. Archived from
2775:"From the First Humans to the Mesolithic Hunters in the Northern German Lowlands, Current Results and Trends"
2545:
2513:
2052:"—meaning the synagogues—and in 1611 the senate had to ask the Lutheran theological faculties of
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Trutz, blanke Hans – Bilddokumentation der Flutkatastrophen 1962 und 1976 in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg
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Rainer-Maria Weiss (Hrsg.).Burgen in Hamburg: Eine Spurensuche Wachholz, Kiel 2021, ISBN 978-3-529-05070-1
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shipping company around the start of the 20th century, and Hamburg was also home to shipping companies to
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and Nazi members of the police broke out. Taking advantage of the chaos, Frick used the authority of the
1931:
for Hamburg. The service was held in Low German and the parishes elected their own pastors. There was no
1171:
457:
161:
21:
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3943:. 12th International Conference of the Spanish Association of Economic History. University of Salamanca.
1576:
There are four famous castles linked to Hamburg in the 11th century. The bishopric castle also known as
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emerged, mostly in romantic and poetic references, and although she has no mythology to call her own,
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member to head the police were refused by the remaining senators, and public disturbances led by the
2227:
2176:(along with Bremen) and was to maintain its self-ruling status during the Weimar Republic (1919–33).
1845:
1526:
6963:
6158:
5849:
2945:
Clark, David S. (1987), "The Medieval Origins of Modern Legal Education: Between Church and State",
2608:, a public broadcasting radio station, was established on 4 May 1945, even before the capitulation.
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and rebuilding of the society proceeded, e.g. in Hamburg were the important trials for war crimes (
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1675:. Starting in 1230, a new fortification was built. Its layout and names can be found in 2008, e.g.
9507:
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2250:. The imperial government used the scandal to greatly reduce the powers of the city authorities.
2132:
and Napoleon's last campaign in Germany but managed to raise two forces to fight against him, the
1864:
Article 1. No citizen, poor or rich, is to be arrested without a hearing at the senate or a court.
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8383:
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2493:, in addition to over two dozen smaller rural towns and villages. In return, Hamburg ceded a few
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Art. 10: Der Rat darf niemendem freies Geleit zusichern, der Schulden bei Hamburger BĂĽrgern hat.
3041:
Art. 1: Kein Bürger, arm oder reich, darf ohne Anhörung durch Rat oder Gericht verhaftet werden.
2429:" that established more direct control over the states by means of the new powerful position of
1816:
started a war of capturing ships against Hamburg, LĂĽbeck, LĂĽneburg and the Netherlands in 1438.
1476:
from 20,000 to 8000 BC. In 4000 BC, the first permanent settlements are recorded in the area of
1465:
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2481:" (26 January 1937) greatly extended the city boundaries to incorporate the Prussian cities of
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movement in Hamburg led a short-lived "Sparticist" revolt that was quickly repressed in 1919.
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The Hitler State: The Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich
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needed to be removed from the churches instantly. He took them down and stored them, so that
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229:
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2670:. The project include modern office space, housing blocks, parks, and the flagship building
2387:
1870:
Article 10. The senate cannot grant safe conduct for a person who owes a citizen of Hamburg.
587:
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on 5 March to appoint an SA officer to take direct control of the police to restore order.
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Water supply and sanitation services in modern Europe: developments in 19th-20th centuries
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8:
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3514:. Vol. 2 (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust). R. James Bender Publishing. p. 58.
3489:. Vol. 2 (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust). R. James Bender Publishing. p. 57.
3181:
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2512:
The sculpture „Der sterbende Häftling“ (The Dying Prisoner) at the memorial site of the
487:
was founded in the 9th century as a mission settlement to convert the Saxons. Since the
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Paper and iron: Hamburg business and German politics in the era of inflation, 1897-1927
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Across the western Baltic, edited by: Keld Møller Hansen & Kristoffer Buck Pedersen
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1557:. Hamburg was destroyed again in 880, this time by Slavic and Danish soldiers. In 964,
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Handel, Nation und Religion. Kaufleute zwischen Hamburg und Portugal im 17. Jahrundert
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Art. 6: Es soll der Rat keinen Krieg anfangen, sondern darĂĽber erst die BĂĽrger fragen.
1904:
and his crew, captured by a fleet from Hamburg after 13 years of active piracy in the
1867:
Article 6. The senate is not allowed to begin a war without a hearing of the citizens.
10659:
10646:
10572:
10433:
10217:
10142:
10082:
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10001:
9975:
9883:
9794:
9709:
9674:
9407:
8902:
8867:
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7665:
7380:
7255:
6958:
6927:
6648:
6318:
6245:
6148:
6040:
6027:
5856:
5741:
5732:
5131:
5126:
4466:
4244:
4069:
4051:
4031:
3976:
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3705:
3515:
3490:
3453:
3428:
3363:
3355:
3161:
3092:
2843:
2833:
2785:
2431:
2398:
2360:
2179:
During the first half of the 19th century a patron goddess with Hamburg's Latin name
2089:
2065:
2025:
1980:
1968:
1964:
1726:
1688:
1529:
claimed to have built a baptistery in a small village in this area and this village,
1457:
1237:
507:
9517:
9497:
9437:
9397:
9287:
9016:
7620:
5248:
2202:
1624:
491:, it has been an important trading center in Europe. The convenient location of the
10507:
10494:
10212:
10117:
10097:
9779:
9769:
9704:
9543:
9422:
9372:
9292:
9137:
9077:
8897:
8847:
8782:
7660:
7630:
7548:
7502:
6438:
6273:
5682:
5218:
4901:
4655:
4442:
4264:
4239:
4123:
3257:, Leipzig: Historische Commission bei der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1875
2954:
2137:
2021:
1988:
1936:
1805:
1773:
1745:
1721:
1386:
541:
499:
495:
and its independence as a city and state for centuries strengthened this position.
208:
202:
128:
122:
9307:
9097:
8981:
6305:
3638:
3637:(in German), KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme (Camp memorial Neuengamme), archived from
3604:
Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG
1776:
trading guild. In May 1368 a fleet of 37 ships and 2,000 armed men, including two
10067:
9789:
9759:
9729:
8448:
8066:
8056:
7685:
7574:
7033:
6713:
6448:
6428:
6410:
6289:
6281:
6258:
6113:
6036:
6011:
5473:
5463:
5188:
4998:
4942:
4316:
4311:
4234:
4197:
3970:
3539:
3143:
2671:
2659:
2652:
2590:, asking prospective Hamburg inhabitants to resume office in the administration.
2549:
2482:
2355:
2310:
2223:
2148:
1976:
1972:
1901:
1840:
was established on 10 August 1410. A civil commotion led to a compromise (German:
1800:
Pirates were a problem for Hamburg and the League. On 21 October 1401 the pirate
1608:, a code of rights superseded in some areas in 1900 by the civil code of Germany
1558:
1502:
1483:
645:
527:
492:
326:
167:
65:
9548:
9487:
9202:
9112:
9082:
8353:
2627:
2508:
2044:. In 1610, official lists of the senate counted about 100 Jewish families.
1888:
1655:
In 1190 the bishop's old city and the count's new city created a noble council (
1456:
The first settlers in the area were a hunting and gathering society in the late
10170:
9937:
9784:
9744:
9734:
9714:
9679:
9242:
8488:
8423:
8061:
7882:
7403:
7388:
7353:
7133:
7061:
7053:
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6931:
6810:
6738:
6733:
6723:
6560:
6366:
6326:
6263:
6015:
5910:
5613:
5408:
5383:
5178:
5038:
5033:
4983:
4847:
4207:
3907:
3512:
Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
3487:
Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
3310:
2648:
2647:
in 1990, and the accession of some Eastern European and Baltic States into the
2591:
2377:
1956:
1408:
445:
377:
9182:
5198:
4091:
2847:
1648:, and in 1265 a letter, in all probability forged, was presented to or by the
10703:
9799:
9774:
9724:
9719:
9699:
8539:
8428:
7745:
7735:
7705:
7690:
7645:
6479:
6395:
6390:
6297:
5814:
5749:
5403:
2694:
2632:
2587:
2436:
2364:
2290:
and became home to trading communities from all over the world (like a small
2271:
2259:
2207:
2169:
2033:
2004:
1916:
1561:
was deposed and carried off to Hamburg. He died in 965 and was buried in the
1175:
523:
235:
9037:
5948:
5488:
5427:
5368:
5303:
5288:
4739:
4668:
3972:
The Jews and Germans of Hamburg: The Destruction of a Civilization 1790-1945
3424:
The Jews and Germans of Hamburg: The Destruction of a Civilization 1790-1945
1844:, literally meaning: withdrawal). A citizen, Hein Brandt, had met the duke
1824:
1602:
9739:
9689:
8393:
7760:
7605:
7550:
7191:
7182:
7071:
6951:
6896:
6748:
5598:
5593:
5568:
5483:
4624:
3568:
2827:
2612:
2525:
1928:
1577:
549:
531:
298:
173:
4841:
4523:
9922:
9754:
8949:
8699:
7720:
7655:
6982:
6667:
5653:
5518:
5398:
5358:
5318:
4744:
3658:
2449:, was installed in this new post on 16 May. Under the provisions of the "
2446:
2417:
2306:
1991:(1546–1552) between the Lutheran dukes and cities and the emperor.
1912:
1750:
1708:
1490:
511:
488:
8433:
6627:
5676:
5603:
4531:
2334:
got 15% of the vote. This paves the way for the subsequent Nazi ruling.
1753:
in Hamburg. It was the third cobbled road in northern Europe and called
1594:
built in 1023. After further raids by the Obodrites in 1066, the bishop
10630:
9749:
9694:
8741:
7725:
7710:
7610:
7473:
7345:
7125:
6802:
6200:
5623:
5588:
5583:
5503:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5253:
5223:
5183:
4511:
3407:
2683:
2599:
2373:
2195:
2112:
1952:
1932:
1781:
1777:
1429:
4836:
4715:
4541:
4046:
Kopitzsch, Franklin; Tilgner, Daniel, eds. (2005), "Hamburg-Lexikon",
3998:
Inflation and the merchant economy: the Hamburg Mittelstand, 1914-1924
3564:
Reichsgesetz ĂĽber die Verfassung und Verwaltung der Hansestadt Hamburg
2966:
2172:(1871–1918), while in 1888 it was one of the last two states to
1464:, which has several archaeological documented records in the areas of
9764:
9684:
8872:
8862:
7807:
7640:
7600:
5633:
5618:
5313:
5283:
5263:
5243:
5173:
4962:
4925:
4826:
4628:
4575:
4570:
2690:
2667:
2636:
2441:
2338:
2291:
2287:
2283:
1905:
1570:
1514:
1510:
1473:
1461:
715:
98:
4751:
4731:
4698:
4557:
4491:
1741:
1616:. It is disputed if the law in Hamburg originated from its own law.
691:
681:
665:
649:
598:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
8756:
7700:
5528:
5508:
5493:
5343:
5293:
5203:
5163:
5064:
were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.
5061:
4821:
4810:
4565:
4549:
2958:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2465:
2353:
at the national level, the Nazi government embarked on a policy of
2298:
2242:
2231:
2184:
2103:
2045:
2037:
1645:
701:
6097:
5806:
5498:
4967:
4775:
4045:
3991:
The Merchant Republics: Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Hamburg, 1648-1790
3956:
Revolutionary Hamburg: labor politics in the early Weimar Republic
3634:
www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de: Zwangsarbeiterlager in Hamburg
1448:
7358:
7260:
7138:
6815:
6570:
5648:
5578:
5563:
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5393:
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5013:
4988:
4914:
4889:
4853:
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4759:
4536:
4517:
4153:
4148:
2459:
2425:(Governing Mayor). On 7 April, the Reich government enacted the "
2238:
2085:
1633:
1566:
1241:
705:
627:
553:
484:
3589:
The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940-1945
2297:
In 1903, the world's first organised club for social and family
8188:
7300:
6888:
5933:
5643:
5533:
5523:
5363:
5273:
5233:
5072:
5003:
4930:
4907:
4894:
4880:
4858:
4661:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4585:
4506:
4501:
2666:
river island of Grasbrook into a mixed-used development called
2275:
2074:
1983:. Not until 1785 did the senate acknowledge a small community.
1883:
1813:
1546:
1518:
1506:
1498:
935:
639:
441:
7234:
7025:
6705:
5608:
5548:
5538:
5458:
5158:
5008:
4723:
4580:
4012:
Religious Toleration and Social Change in Hamburg, 1529-1819
3724:
3701:
3600:
No. 1034 in the official German list of concentration camps:
2279:
1809:
1793:
631:
71:
3805:"Hafencity Public Space von Miralles Tagliabue EMBT | Parks"
3560:
Reich Law on the Constitution and Administration of Hamburg
2024:(1618–1648), Hamburg was also extended by the newly created
1896:
6861:
5628:
5553:
5076:
5043:
4767:
2682:) and the flood-protection and river promenade designed by
2663:
2568:
After the end of the Second World War until the end of the
2427:
Second Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich
2069:
1876:
Article 15. Disloyal public servants need to be discharged.
1494:
2712:
took place in Hamburg, accompanied by protests and riots.
1880:
It is considered to be the first constitution of Hamburg.
8835:
4106:. More detailed German website. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
4030:(in German) (4th ed.), Hamburg: Ellert&Richter,
3663:(in German), Hamburg State Agency for Political Education
3049:
Art. 15: Untreue Bedienstete der Stadt sind zu entlassen.
2214:
In 1842, about a third of the city was destroyed in the "
2187:
became the symbol of the city's spirit during this time.
1525:. Ansgar became later known as the Apostle of the North.
4101:
3660:
Zwangsarbeit in der Hamburger Kriegswirtschaft 1939-1945
2658:
In 2008, started the conversion of a section of the old
1784:
and razed it to the ground. In 1377 a new currency, the
3352:
Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history
2226:
lead to the disappearance of several of the smaller of
2128:
as the new mayor. Hamburg suffered severely during the
1768:
in London. This was the first time in history the word
1702:: sentence) was written by the solicitor of the senate
3781:"230 ELBPHILHARMONIE HAMBURG - HERZOG & DE MEURON"
1505:
built this castle in 810 on the old trading path from
510:. From 1815 until 1866 Hamburg was an independent and
4445:
by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League
3852:
3751:"Waterfront Living and Working: Hamburg's HafenCity"
3332:
2832:. Rainer-Maria Weiss, Wachholtz Verlag. Kiel. 2021.
3160:(in German), Hamburg: Die Hanse, pp. 149–150,
2953:(4), American Society of Comparative Law: 653–719,
2048:
theologians preached against them, especially the "
745:
5449:or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792
4798:
1764:and Hamburg's traders allowed them to establish a
1757:, which is still the name of a street in Hamburg.
8037:
4621:
3903:"G-20 Protests Grip Hamburg, and Dozens Are Hurt"
3695:
1892:Hamburg by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg (1588)
10701:
3968:
2586:identified with the city and worked through the
1663:raided and occupied Hamburg in 1201 and in 1214
4068:, Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013,
3420:
709:
526:(1871–1918) and during the period of the
5075:became inaccessible due to the silting of the
4050:(in German) (3 ed.), Ellert&Richter,
3696:Sönnichsen, Uwe; Staritz, Hans-Werner (1978),
3309:
3155:
2367:demanded that the Hamburg Senate suppress the
10410:
8821:
7534:
7220:
6847:
6613:
6083:
5715:
5105:
4696:
4426:
4131:
3081:
2784:, Sydsjællands Museums Publikationer Vol. 1,
2555:
2516:. The camp operated from 1938 to 1945 in the
1493:ordered a castle built, as a defense against
1452:Hamburg in 1150, a 19th-century visualization
465:
8604:
7805:
7580:
7572:
7189:
7180:
4005:History of the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen
4003:Tschan, Francis Joseph, and Timothy Reuter.
3510:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017).
3509:
3485:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017).
3484:
3267:Elektronische Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
3091:, Marburg an der Lahn: Tectum, 2003, p. 95.
2722:Postage stamps and postal history of Hamburg
2396:
1884:The Lutheran church law and its consequences
741:
2313:and Hamburg lost many of its trade routes.
10417:
10403:
8828:
8814:
7541:
7527:
7227:
7213:
6854:
6840:
6620:
6606:
6090:
6076:
5722:
5708:
5112:
5098:
4433:
4419:
4138:
4124:
3993:(Cambridge University Press, 2014) 356 pp.
3830:"Grassbrookpark – Hafencity Public Spaces"
3452:. New York: Longman Inc. pp. 99–100.
3316:Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen Caput XXIII
3179:
2860:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2772:
2115:(1810–14), Hamburg was the capital of the
1999:
1565:. In 983, the town was destroyed by King
1521:was consecrated as the archbishop for the
472:
458:
10053:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3554:
2985:, Historymedren.about.com, archived from
2928:
2926:
614:Learn how and when to remove this message
6629:States of the North German Confederation
4025:
3704:: Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft,
2913:
2911:
2810:
2808:
2626:
2559:
2507:
2386:
2201:
2189:
2147:
2102:
2003:
1895:
1887:
1823:
1744:in 1241 mark the origin of the powerful
1725:
1623:
1619:
1447:
10163:
3936:
3931:Timeline of Hamburg § Bibliography
3567:(in German), 1937-12-09, archived from
3447:
3338:
2947:The American Journal of Comparative Law
2744:
2742:
2689:In 2015, a section to the north of the
10702:
8196:
8021:
7817:
7593:
3748:
3390:, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2008
3240:The French Navy in the Seven Years War
3209:
3118:
3069:
2999:
2923:
2451:Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich
2042:Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg
1760:On 8 November 1266 a contract between
1580:was built around 1037 by Bezelin. The
1442:
498:The city was a member of the medieval
10398:
8837:Strategic bombing during World War II
8809:
7522:
7208:
6835:
6601:
6071:
5703:
5443:
5142:
5093:
4488:
4414:
4119:
3242:. University of Nebraska, 2005. p.220
2978:
2944:
2908:
2896:
2884:
2872:
2805:
2156:Hamburg was a member of the 39-state
1819:
9930:
3853:Zaha Hadid Architects (2022-12-31).
3408:"Museum fĂĽr Hamburgische Geschichte"
2739:
2316:
1780:and 200 men from Hamburg, conquered
1679:, named after the western city gate
1588:, that never really existed and the
1418:
1396:
1375:
1354:
1329:
1308:
1290:
1272:
1251:
1226:
1206:
1185:
1160:
1139:
1121:
1100:
1079:
1061:
1040:
1022:
1004:
983:
962:
944:
923:
748:
563:
10372:
1808:defeated the pirates and conquered
1797:League, after LĂĽbeck and Cologne.
1715:
1691:is built on the old fortification.
1584:was built in 1043 by Adalbert. The
13:
6099:States of the German Confederation
4154:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
4026:Verg, Erich; Verg, Martin (2007),
4014:(Cambridge University Press, 1985)
3965:(Cambridge University Press, 2002)
2829:Burgen in Hamburg eine Spurensuche
2622:
2474:(Leader of the State Government).
2228:Hamburg's many rivers and channels
2082:plague raged in Hamburg and Altona
1915:. The senate of Hamburg had asked
1740:Two contracts between Hamburg and
1482:. The culture of hunters is named
630:, the settlement's first name was
14:
10721:
10534:History of North Rhine-Westphalia
10521:History of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
7976:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
4083:
4007:(Columbia University Press, 2002)
3958:(Stanford University Press, 1966)
3158:Zu FuĂź durch das jĂĽdische Hamburg
1994:
1919:to send his friend and colleague
1911:On 15 May 1529 the city embraced
1301:Danish occupation (1201–27)
1132:French occupation (1806–14)
10665:
10652:
10639:
10620:
10604:
10591:
10578:
10565:
10552:
10539:
10526:
10513:
10500:
10487:
10474:
10461:
10448:
10426:
8464:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
7335:
6972:
6657:
6122:
5796:
5731:
5426:
5125:
4605:
4598:
4147:
3180:Strothmann, Dierk (2008-06-14),
1855:The formed Council of the Sixty
1772:was used in connection with the
1665:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
1640:granted Hamburg the status of a
568:
540:from 1934 until 1945. After the
440:
40:
10547:History of Rhineland-Palatinate
8444:Norway (Administrative Council)
4028:Das Abenteuer das Hamburg heiĂźt
3895:
3871:
3846:
3822:
3797:
3773:
3742:
3717:
3689:
3673:
3651:
3625:
3594:
3581:
3528:
3503:
3478:
3466:
3441:
3414:
3400:
3376:
3354:, pp. 321-326, ABC-CLIO, 2005,
3344:
3303:
3287:
3274:
3245:
3232:
3203:
3173:
3149:
3130:
3102:
3057:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2972:
2938:
2674:, designed by swiss architects
2415:as President of the Senate and
2344:
2327:workers' and soldiers' councils
2253:
2098:
2016:to build a second layer to the
1971:, it only reopened as Lutheran
1638:Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
534:Hamburg was a city-state and a
6449:ReuĂź-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf
4044:
3679:
3293:
3108:
2820:
2766:
2754:
1927:. Bugenhagen's work created a
1730:The lion head door handles of
1501:intrusions. Charlemagne's son
922:
318:Political and economic history
1:
10599:History of Schleswig-Holstein
8469:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
7236:States of the Weimar Republic
3924:
3855:"Niederhafen River Promenade"
2598:) held at the Curio house in
2578:from 1945 to 1949. Specially
2564:Buildings ruined by air raids
2546:Neuengamme concentration camp
2528:Hamburg suffered a series of
2514:Neuengamme concentration camp
2477:Effective 1 April 1937, the "
2174:join the German Customs Union
2152:City state of Hamburg in 1890
2068:enacted a law to protect the
2012:When the Senate commissioned
1935:in Hamburg mostly because of
1900:The 1573 execution of pirate
1598:permanently moved to Bremen.
1368:passes mark of 100,000 (1686)
1033:Altar St. Petri church (1383)
634:. A fortress there was named
260:Neuengamme concentration camp
10456:History of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
8242:Army Group Rear Area Command
7549:Administrative divisions in
5433:Free Imperial Cities by 1792
4162:Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
4018:
2206:Hamburg's central promenade
1601:In 1188 Hamburg adopted the
559:
384:Israelitisches Familienblatt
7:
8624:Belgium and Northern France
8247:Belgium and Northern France
6863:States of the German Empire
5687:Member or associate of the
5143:
4302:Hamburg Metropolitan Region
4096:. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
3609:Federal Ministry of Justice
3538:(in German). Archived from
3254:Abendroth, Amandus Augustus
2773:Tereberger, Thomas (2006),
2727:Timeline of Hamburg history
2715:
2411:(state parliament) elected
2266:became the world's largest
2036:arrived—fleeing from
1620:On the way: 1189–1529
1555:Bishopric of Hamburg-Bremen
920:
733:meadow/pasture (by a river)
594:the claims made and adding
554:Federal Republic of Germany
10:
10726:
10689:Historic states of Germany
8126:Civil Administration Areas
7731:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
3928:
3834:Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT
3183:Die Schwingen der Freiheit
3146:, accessed 3 November 2012
2708:On 7 and 8 July 2017, the
2699:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2596:Hamburg RavensbrĂĽck Trials
2556:After the Second World War
2472:FĂĽhrer der Landesregierung
2453:" of 30 January 1934, the
2166:North German Confederation
2126:Amandus Augustus Abendroth
1857:(German: der Sechzigerrat)
1719:
1072:Lutheran Church Law (1529)
1052:Störtebeker's decapitation
548:and became a state in the
546:British Zone of Occupation
520:North German Confederation
287:Hamburg RavensbrĂĽck trials
10681:
10629:
10618:
10440:
10363:
10328:
10297:
10286:
10247:
10226:
10205:
10184:
10010:
9989:
9958:
9921:
9846:
9810:
9665:
9634:
9613:
9587:
9531:
9355:
9030:
8970:
8963:
8932:
8911:
8890:
8881:
8843:
8775:
8734:
8727:
8692:
8652:
8616:
8603:
8583:
8497:
8341:
8334:
8306:
8232:
8212:
8187:
8124:
8113:
8079:
8012:
7996:North Brabant and Limburg
7991:South Holland and Zeeland
7986:North Holland and Utrecht
7981:Gelderland and Overijssel
7966:
7895:
7843:
7804:
7774:
7571:
7558:
7470:
7443:
7425:
7379:
7372:
7344:
7333:
7243:
7168:
7152:
7124:
7111:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
7070:
7024:
6981:
6970:
6870:
6801:
6788:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
6747:
6704:
6666:
6655:
6636:
6584:
6553:
6526:
6493:
6419:
6386:
6379:
6317:
6272:
6236:
6229:
6183:
6167:
6131:
6120:
6106:
6024:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
5962:
5919:
5805:
5794:
5748:
5671:
5454:
5439:
5424:
5149:
5138:
5052:
4976:
4953:
4878:
4871:
4791:
4689:
4614:
4596:
4481:
4450:
4340:
4288:
4216:
4167:
4160:
4024:
3969:Grenville, J A S (2013).
3749:Jaeger, Falk (May 2008).
3682:, "Britische Besatzung",
3472:
3427:. Routledge. p. 33.
3124:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2932:
2917:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2814:
2760:
2748:
2701:status with the adjacent
2520:neighbourhood of Hamburg.
2423:Regierender BĂĽrgermeister
1788:, was established by the
1527:Ebbo, Archbishop of Reims
742:First steps until 1189 AD
10586:History of Saxony-Anhalt
8853:Aerial bombing of cities
8234:Military administrations
7766:WĂĽrttemberg-Hohenzollern
6918:Lauenburg and BĂĽtow Land
5067:The kontor was moved to
3937:Abellán, Javier (2017).
3448:Broszat, Martin (1981).
3421:J A S Grenville (2013).
2733:
2580:George Ayscough Armytage
2544:quarter of Hamburg, the
2194:The great fire 1842, by
1543:, was named after him.
763:
500:Hanseatic trading league
59:Prehistory and Antiquity
10508:History of Lower Saxony
6059:Unencircled territories
5820:Brunswick and Lunenburg
4332:Hamburg U-Bahn stations
4327:Hamburg S-Bahn stations
3388:Encyclopædia Britannica
3210:Winkle, Stefan (1983).
3156:Michael Koglin (2009),
2979:Snell, Melissa (2006),
2584:Governor Henry V. Berry
2540:was established in the
2210:on River Alster in 1900
2134:Hamburg Citizen Militia
2020:to protect against the
2000:17th and 18th centuries
1838:constitution of Hamburg
1749:route for commerce was
1736:date to the late 1300s.
1612:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
1218:Bombing in World War II
710:
692:
682:
666:
650:
640:
550:western part of Germany
266:Bombing in World War II
10482:History of Brandenburg
8858:Area bombing directive
8605:
8335:Puppet administrations
8139:Carinthia and Carniola
7806:
7581:
7573:
7553:and German occupations
7190:
7181:
7176:German colonial empire
7106:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
6783:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
5850:Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
4455:Chief cities shown in
3951:(Berghahn Books, 2002)
3785:www.herzogdemeuron.com
3611:, 1967, archived from
2676:Herzog & de Meuron
2640:
2565:
2521:
2404:
2397:
2248:germ theory of disease
2211:
2199:
2153:
2108:
2009:
1969:the Catholic cathedral
1908:
1893:
1833:
1737:
1704:Jordan von Boitzenburg
1661:Valdemar II of Denmark
1629:
1628:Seal of 1241 (replica)
1517:. On 25 December 831,
1453:
1407:Coronation of Emperor
995:Port and market rights
644:means "fortress"). In
333:Constitutional history
78:Tangendorf disc brooch
7786:Reichsfestung Belgrad
4656:Frankfurt an der Oder
3859:Zaha Hadid Architects
3536:"GroĂź-Hamburg-Gesetz"
3284:35.3 (2017): 381-402.
2864:) CS1 maint: others (
2630:
2563:
2530:devastating air raids
2511:
2413:Carl Vincent Krogmann
2407:On 8 March 1933, the
2390:
2382:Reichstag Fire Decree
2294:in Altona, Hamburg).
2205:
2193:
2168:(1866–71), the
2151:
2106:
2018:city's fortifications
2007:
1945:statues of false gods
1899:
1891:
1827:
1790:Wendischer MĂĽnzverein
1733:Hauptkirche St. Petri
1729:
1720:Further information:
1706:in 1270. In 1350 the
1627:
1451:
680:, but the meaning of
522:(1866–71), the
10612:History of Thuringia
9223:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
8955:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
8788:Strength Through Joy
8747:Weather Station Kurt
8449:Norway (Quisling II)
7696:Munich–Upper Bavaria
7681:March of Brandenburg
7286:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
7281:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
7153:Imperial Territories
7006:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
7001:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
6922:Starostwo of Draheim
6686:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
6681:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
6211:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
6206:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
5389:WeiĂźenburg in Bayern
5121:Free imperial cities
4463:Free Imperial Cities
3954:Comfort, Richard A.
3680:Helmut Stubbe-da Luz
3384:"Richard Ungewitter"
3219:Hamburger Ă„rzteblatt
3188:Hamburger Abendblatt
2645:German reunification
2501:. Hamburg was named
2487:Harburg-Wilhelmsburg
2391:Promulgation of the
2264:Hamburg-America Line
2262:as its director the
2237:A major outbreak of
2158:German Confederation
2130:Continental Blockade
2014:Jan van Valckenborgh
1939:, the new pastor of
1673:Adolf IV of Holstein
1563:St. Mary's Cathedral
1345:German Confederation
1242:Fed. Rep. of Germany
530:(1918–33). In
516:German Confederation
400:Other Hamburg topics
189:Continental Blockade
10560:History of Saarland
10298:Mandatory Palestine
8607:Reichskommissariats
8439:Norway (Quisling I)
8369:Chechnya-Ingushetia
8029:Bohemia and Moravia
8014:Partial annexations
7825:Danzig–West Prussia
7116:Waldeck and Pyrmont
6793:Waldeck and Pyrmont
6411:Waldeck and Pyrmont
6035:Circles est. 1512:
6010:Circles est. 1500:
5740:(1500–1806) of the
5654:WeiĂźenburg in ElsaĂź
4360:Diplomatic missions
4307:Chamber of Commerce
4064:Poettering, Jorun,
3300:, pp. 439—440
3197:(Wings of freedom)
3137:History of the area
3109:Dennis S. Slaubaugh
2982:The Great Mortality
2479:Greater Hamburg Act
2393:Greater Hamburg Act
2323:November Revolution
2111:Briefly annexed by
2040:—and built a
1921:Johannes Bugenhagen
1669:Battle of Bornhöved
1489:In 808 AD, Emperor
1197:Greater Hamburg Act
1091:Peace of Westphalia
757:in descending order
752:Timeline of Hamburg
723:(grassy) river bank
544:Hamburg was in the
254:Greater Hamburg Act
10710:History of Hamburg
10673:History of Hamburg
10469:History of Bavaria
9574:Rotterdam (Allied)
8039:General Government
7716:Schleswig-Holstein
6940:Schleswig-Holstein
6056:
6052:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5738:Lower Saxon Circle
5447:imperial immediacy
4110:History of Hamburg
3591:(2014) pp 301, 304
3475:, pp:161–163
3321:Hoffmann und Campe
3296:, "Souveränität",
3238:Dull, Jonathon R.
3142:2013-02-06 at the
2729:(extended version)
2662:facilities in the
2641:
2639:on 6 December 2013
2566:
2538:concentration camp
2522:
2503:Hansestadt Hamburg
2435:(Reich Governor).
2405:
2403:of 27 January 1937
2212:
2200:
2154:
2109:
2010:
1909:
1894:
1834:
1820:First constitution
1738:
1677:Millerntor-Stadion
1642:free imperial city
1630:
1454:
1320:Free Imperial city
1112:First Constitution
579:possibly contains
504:free imperial city
339:Diplomatic history
156:Free Imperial city
10697:
10696:
10660:History of Bremen
10647:History of Berlin
10573:History of Saxony
10434:States of Germany
10392:
10391:
10388:
10387:
10359:
10358:
10288:Mediterranean and
10282:
10281:
10180:
10179:
9917:
9916:
9690:Barrow-in-Furness
9675:Battle of Britain
9351:
9350:
9128:Freiburg (Allies)
8868:Strategic bombing
8803:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8723:
8722:
8693:Other occupations
8688:
8687:
8599:
8598:
8314:Adriatic Littoral
8307:Operational Zones
8228:
8227:
8109:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8075:
8074:
8008:
8007:
8004:
8003:
7891:
7890:
7800:
7799:
7516:
7515:
7466:
7465:
7202:
7201:
6829:
6828:
6773:
6765:
6595:
6594:
6549:
6548:
6475:
6462:
6375:
6374:
6319:Ernestine duchies
6065:
6064:
6049:Electoral Rhenish
5742:Holy Roman Empire
5697:
5696:
5689:Swiss Confederacy
5667:
5666:
5434:
5422:
5421:
5132:Holy Roman Empire
5087:
5086:
4867:
4866:
4787:
4786:
4685:
4684:
4594:
4593:
4467:Holy Roman Empire
4408:
4407:
4370:Parks and gardens
4355:Honorary citizens
4074:978-3-525-31022-9
4037:978-3-8319-0137-1
4010:Whaley, Joachim.
3989:Lindemann, Mary.
3961:Ferguson, Niall.
3686:, pp. 85–86
3521:978-1-932-97032-6
3496:978-1-932-97032-6
3459:978-0-582-48997-4
3368:978-1-85109-658-9
3167:978-3-434-52630-8
3127:, pp. 50–51
3111:, '"Katholiken",
3078:, pp. 45–46
3020:, pp. 32–37
2839:978-3-529-05070-1
2703:Kontorhausviertel
2680:Benedeta Taglibue
2631:Floods caused by
2439:, the Nazi Party
2432:Reichsstatthalter
2399:Reichsgesetzblatt
2369:Social Democratic
2361:Interior Minister
2317:German Revolution
2309:Germany lost her
2142:General Bennigsen
2121:Bouches-de-l'Elbe
2090:Swedish Pomerania
2066:senate of Hamburg
1981:Holy Roman Empire
1965:cathedral chapter
1943:, who stated the
1806:Simon van Utrecht
1802:Klaus Störtebeker
1689:Planten un Blomen
1458:Upper Paleolithic
1446:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1417:
1416:
1395:
1394:
1374:
1373:
1353:
1352:
1328:
1327:
1307:
1306:
1289:
1288:
1271:
1270:
1250:
1249:
1225:
1224:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1183:
1159:
1158:
1138:
1137:
1120:
1119:
1099:
1098:
1078:
1077:
1060:
1059:
1039:
1038:
1021:
1020:
1015:Great Fire (1284)
1003:
1002:
982:
981:
961:
960:
943:
942:
916:2000 —
906:1900 —
896:1800 —
886:1700 —
876:1600 —
866:1500 —
856:1400 —
846:1300 —
836:1200 —
826:1100 —
816:1000 —
624:
623:
616:
581:original research
508:Holy Roman Empire
482:
481:
197:Bouches-de-l'Elbe
174:Greenland whaling
162:All Saints' Flood
10717:
10670:
10669:
10668:
10657:
10656:
10655:
10644:
10643:
10642:
10624:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10596:
10595:
10594:
10583:
10582:
10581:
10570:
10569:
10568:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10544:
10543:
10542:
10531:
10530:
10529:
10518:
10517:
10516:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10495:History of Hesse
10492:
10491:
10490:
10479:
10478:
10477:
10466:
10465:
10464:
10453:
10452:
10451:
10431:
10430:
10429:
10419:
10412:
10405:
10396:
10395:
10370:
10369:
10295:
10294:
10192:Allied Singapore
10161:
10160:
9928:
9927:
9886:(Czechoslovakia)
9569:Rotterdam (Axis)
8968:
8967:
8888:
8887:
8883:European theatre
8848:Area bombardment
8830:
8823:
8816:
8807:
8806:
8732:
8731:
8614:
8613:
8610:
8339:
8338:
8326:Alpine Foothills
8194:
8193:
8144:Gebiet Bialystok
8122:
8121:
8035:
8034:
8019:
8018:
7964:
7963:
7878:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
7841:
7840:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7756:Westphalia-South
7751:Westphalia-North
7671:Magdeburg-Anhalt
7591:
7590:
7586:
7578:
7569:
7568:
7543:
7536:
7529:
7520:
7519:
7418:
7377:
7376:
7339:
7323:
7315:
7306:Schaumburg-Lippe
7229:
7222:
7215:
7206:
7205:
7195:
7186:
7101:Schaumburg-Lippe
7096:
7088:
7058:
6976:
6955:
6925:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6833:
6832:
6778:Schaumburg-Lippe
6771:
6763:
6661:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6599:
6598:
6519:
6518:
6509:
6508:
6486:
6485:
6473:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6445:
6444:
6439:Reuss-Lobenstein
6435:
6434:
6406:Schaumburg-Lippe
6384:
6383:
6363:
6355:
6347:
6339:
6331:
6310:
6302:
6294:
6286:
6274:Anhalt (Ascania)
6255:
6234:
6233:
6126:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6069:
6068:
6057:
6053:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5800:
5736:
5735:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5701:
5700:
5683:Hanseatic League
5441:
5440:
5432:
5430:
5349:Schwäbisch Gmünd
5140:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5091:
5090:
4946:
4934:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4902:Kontor of Bruges
4898:
4814:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4748:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4631:
4619:
4618:
4609:
4602:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4527:
4495:
4486:
4485:
4458:
4443:Hanseatic League
4435:
4428:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4400:Railway stations
4346:
4240:Hanseatic League
4152:
4151:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4105:
4104:
4102:Official website
4095:
4094:
4092:Official website
4061:
4060:
4041:
4040:
3986:
3947:Bajohr, Frank.
3944:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3757:. Archived from
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3693:
3687:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3598:
3592:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3380:
3374:
3372:Internet Archive
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3307:
3301:
3291:
3285:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3216:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3153:
3147:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3106:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2921:
2915:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2851:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2794:, archived from
2779:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2697:was granted the
2576:British-occupied
2571:Besatzungsstatut
2550:prisoners of war
2402:
2378:SA stormtroopers
2351:seizure of power
2349:Following their
2138:Hanseatic Legion
2080:In 1712/13, the
2050:schools of Satan
2022:Thirty Years War
1989:Schmalkaldic War
1937:Johannes Aepinus
1923:to create a new
1774:Hanseatic League
1746:Hanseatic League
1722:Hanseatic League
1716:Hanseatic League
1606:(LĂĽbsches Recht)
1509:in the North to
1479:Fischbeker Heide
1424:
1419:
1402:
1397:
1387:Treaty of Verdun
1381:
1376:
1360:
1355:
1335:
1330:
1314:
1309:
1296:
1291:
1283:Archbishop (832)
1278:
1273:
1257:
1252:
1232:
1227:
1212:
1207:
1191:
1186:
1166:
1161:
1145:
1140:
1127:
1122:
1106:
1101:
1085:
1080:
1067:
1062:
1046:
1041:
1028:
1023:
1010:
1005:
989:
984:
968:
963:
950:
945:
934:Colonization by
929:
924:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
806:900 —
802:
797:
796:800 —
792:
787:
786:700 —
782:
777:
776:600 —
772:
767:
766:500 —
758:
746:
737:
734:
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724:
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695:
685:
679:
676:
673:
669:
663:
660:
657:
653:
643:
619:
612:
608:
605:
599:
596:inline citations
572:
571:
564:
542:Second World War
474:
467:
460:
444:
242:Cholera Epidemic
209:Hanseatic Legion
203:Siege of Hamburg
129:Victual Brothers
123:Hanseatic League
44:
34:
16:
15:
10725:
10724:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10716:
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10699:
10698:
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10640:
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10616:
10605:
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10590:
10579:
10577:
10566:
10564:
10553:
10551:
10540:
10538:
10527:
10525:
10514:
10512:
10501:
10499:
10488:
10486:
10475:
10473:
10462:
10460:
10449:
10447:
10436:
10432:History of the
10427:
10425:
10423:
10393:
10384:
10355:
10324:
10289:
10278:
10243:
10222:
10201:
10176:
10159:
10006:
9985:
9954:
9913:
9842:
9806:
9667:
9661:
9630:
9609:
9583:
9527:
9473:Reggio Calabria
9347:
9328:Wiener Neustadt
9133:Friedrichshafen
9123:Freiburg (Axis)
9026:
8973:
8959:
8928:
8907:
8877:
8839:
8834:
8804:
8795:
8791:holiday resorts
8771:
8719:
8684:
8648:
8595:
8579:
8493:
8330:
8302:
8224:
8208:
8183:
8116:
8101:
8071:
8033:
8000:
7962:
7887:
7839:
7796:
7770:
7651:Halle-Merseburg
7636:Electoral Hesse
7626:Eastern Hanover
7563:
7561:
7554:
7547:
7517:
7512:
7472:
7462:
7439:
7421:
7416:
7414:Weimar-Eisenach
7368:
7340:
7331:
7321:
7313:
7239:
7233:
7203:
7198:
7164:
7160:Alsace–Lorraine
7148:
7120:
7094:
7086:
7066:
7056:
7020:
7016:Weimar-Eisenach
6996:Hesse-Darmstadt
6977:
6968:
6920:and the former
6916:(including the
6915:
6886:
6866:
6860:
6830:
6825:
6797:
6743:
6700:
6696:Weimar-Eisenach
6676:Hesse-Darmstadt
6662:
6653:
6632:
6626:
6596:
6591:
6580:
6545:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6506:
6505:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6465:
6464:
6452:
6451:
6442:
6441:
6432:
6431:
6429:Reuss-Ebersdorf
6415:
6371:
6361:
6353:
6351:Gotha-Altenburg
6345:
6337:
6335:Coburg-Saalfeld
6329:
6313:
6308:
6300:
6292:
6284:
6268:
6253:
6225:
6221:Weimar-Eisenach
6196:Hesse-Darmstadt
6179:
6163:
6127:
6118:
6102:
6096:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6051:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5958:
5915:
5801:
5792:
5744:
5730:
5728:
5698:
5693:
5663:
5450:
5435:
5431:
5418:
5354:Schwäbisch Hall
5145:
5134:
5124:
5118:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5048:
4972:
4949:
4940:
4928:
4917:
4913:
4906:
4892:
4874:
4873:
4863:
4815:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4783:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4742:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4681:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4590:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4525:
4489:
4477:
4476:
4456:
4446:
4441:Members of the
4439:
4409:
4404:
4344:
4336:
4284:
4235:Hamburg culture
4212:
4163:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4100:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4058:
4048:Hamburg Lexikon
4038:
4021:
3996:Lyth, Peter J.
3983:
3933:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3912:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3863:
3861:
3851:
3847:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3755:Goethe-Institut
3747:
3743:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3694:
3690:
3684:Hamburg Lexikon
3678:
3674:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3587:Richard Overy,
3586:
3582:
3574:
3572:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3304:
3298:Hamburg Lexikon
3292:
3288:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3214:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3154:
3150:
3144:Wayback Machine
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3113:Hamburg Lexikon
3107:
3103:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2990:
2977:
2973:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2853:
2852:
2840:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2718:
2672:Elbphilharmonie
2660:Port of Hamburg
2653:Hamburg Harbour
2625:
2623:Since the 2000s
2558:
2356:Gleichschaltung
2347:
2319:
2256:
2107:Hamburg in 1800
2101:
2008:Hamburg in 1680
2002:
1997:
1977:Roman Catholics
1973:proto-cathedral
1957:Meister Bertram
1902:Klein Henszlein
1886:
1822:
1724:
1718:
1622:
1559:Pope Benedict V
1484:Hamburg culture
1434:
1433:
1432:(772–804)
1422:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1263:North Sea flood
1255:
1246:
1245:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1008:
999:
998:
987:
978:
977:
966:
957:
956:
955:Hammaburg (810)
948:
939:
938:
927:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
759:
756:
755:
754:
744:
735:
732:
729:
725:
722:
719:
677:
674:
671:
661:
658:
655:
646:Old High German
620:
609:
603:
600:
585:
573:
569:
562:
528:Weimar Republic
478:
437:
436:
393:
392:
389:
364:
354:
353:
350:
319:
306:
305:
304:
293:North Sea flood
281:
273:
272:
271:
248:Dockers' Strike
224:
216:
215:
214:
191:
181:
180:
179:
168:Barbary pirates
150:
142:
141:
140:
93:
85:
84:
83:
66:Hamburg culture
60:
32:
25:
12:
11:
5:
10723:
10713:
10712:
10695:
10694:
10692:
10691:
10685:
10683:
10679:
10678:
10676:
10675:
10662:
10649:
10635:
10633:
10627:
10626:
10619:
10617:
10615:
10614:
10601:
10588:
10575:
10562:
10549:
10536:
10523:
10510:
10497:
10484:
10471:
10458:
10444:
10442:
10438:
10437:
10422:
10421:
10414:
10407:
10399:
10390:
10389:
10386:
10385:
10383:
10382:
10376:
10374:
10367:
10361:
10360:
10357:
10356:
10354:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10332:
10330:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10301:
10299:
10292:
10284:
10283:
10280:
10279:
10277:
10276:
10270:
10264:
10258:
10251:
10249:
10245:
10244:
10242:
10241:
10236:
10230:
10228:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10220:
10215:
10209:
10207:
10203:
10202:
10200:
10199:
10197:Axis Singapore
10194:
10188:
10186:
10182:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10167:
10165:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10151:
10150:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10014:
10012:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
9999:
9993:
9991:
9987:
9986:
9984:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9962:
9960:
9956:
9955:
9953:
9952:
9951:
9950:
9948:Allied Rangoon
9945:
9938:Burma campaign
9934:
9932:
9925:
9919:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9911:
9905:
9899:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9863:
9857:
9850:
9848:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9829:
9828:
9823:
9814:
9812:
9808:
9807:
9805:
9804:
9803:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9682:
9680:Baedeker Blitz
9677:
9671:
9669:
9663:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9638:
9636:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9628:
9623:
9617:
9615:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9591:
9589:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9535:
9533:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9359:
9357:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9188:Kaiserslautern
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9034:
9032:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8978:
8976:
8965:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8905:
8900:
8894:
8892:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8844:
8841:
8840:
8833:
8832:
8825:
8818:
8810:
8801:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8793:
8785:
8779:
8777:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8738:
8736:
8729:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8690:
8689:
8686:
8685:
8683:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8656:
8654:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8620:
8618:
8611:
8601:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8587:
8585:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8501:
8499:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8489:Zuyev Republic
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8379:Czechoslovakia
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8345:
8343:
8336:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8310:
8308:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8238:
8236:
8230:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8119:
8111:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8076:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8043:
8041:
8032:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8016:
8010:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7972:
7970:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7849:
7847:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7821:
7819:
7812:
7802:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7676:Main Franconia
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7616:Cologne–Aachen
7613:
7608:
7603:
7597:
7595:
7588:
7566:
7560:Administrative
7556:
7555:
7546:
7545:
7538:
7531:
7523:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7479:
7477:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7431:
7429:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7385:
7383:
7374:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7350:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7324:
7316:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
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7072:Principalities
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6749:Principalities
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6425:
6423:
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6387:
6381:
6380:Principalities
6377:
6376:
6373:
6372:
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6369:
6364:
6359:Hildburghausen
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
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6321:
6315:
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6303:
6295:
6287:
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6224:
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6218:
6213:
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6119:
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5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5911:Saxe-Lauenburg
5908:
5903:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5854:
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5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5803:
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5795:
5793:
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5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5750:Ecclesiastical
5746:
5745:
5727:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5704:
5695:
5694:
5692:
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5685:
5681:Member of the
5679:
5675:Member of the
5672:
5669:
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5665:
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4084:External links
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3311:Heinrich Heine
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3282:German History
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3228:on 2012-05-20.
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2592:Denazification
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1949:lying pictures
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1850:Saxe-Lauenburg
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372:Sephardic Jews
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9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9029:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9012:Gelsenkirchen
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8969:
8966:
8962:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8842:
8838:
8831:
8826:
8824:
8819:
8817:
8812:
8811:
8808:
8792:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8774:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8733:
8730:
8726:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8691:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8619:
8615:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8602:
8592:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8582:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8550:Russia (KONR)
8548:
8546:
8545:Russia (ODNR)
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8496:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8340:
8337:
8333:
8327:
8324:
8320:
8317:
8316:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8266:
8265:zone réservée
8262:
8261:Atlantic Wall
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8112:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8087:Burgundy (SS)
8085:
8084:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8011:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7894:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7803:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7777:
7773:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7741:Upper Silesia
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7666:Lower Silesia
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7592:
7589:
7585:
7584:
7577:
7576:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7557:
7552:
7544:
7539:
7537:
7532:
7530:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7469:
7459:
7458:Sondershausen
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7343:
7338:
7328:
7325:
7320:
7317:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7242:
7237:
7230:
7225:
7223:
7218:
7216:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7091:
7089:
7087:(Junior Line)
7083:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7063:
7060:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6983:Grand Duchies
6980:
6975:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6919:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6864:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6845:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6764:(Junior Line)
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6668:Grand Duchies
6665:
6660:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6630:
6623:
6618:
6616:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6542:
6541:Sondershausen
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6514:
6511:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6481:
6480:Reuss-Schleiz
6478:
6476:
6470:
6463:
6461:(Junior Line)
6457:
6450:
6447:
6440:
6437:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:Liechtenstein
6394:
6392:
6391:Hesse-Homburg
6389:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6368:
6365:
6360:
6357:
6352:
6349:
6344:
6341:
6336:
6333:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6307:
6304:
6299:
6296:
6291:
6288:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:Grand duchies
6182:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6093:
6088:
6086:
6081:
6079:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6060:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6032:(Lower) Saxon
6029:
6025:
6021:
6020:Upper Rhenish
6017:
6013:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5725:
5720:
5718:
5713:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5690:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5429:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5115:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:Bishop's Lynn
4982:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4601:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4112:. (In German)
4111:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4057:3-8319-0179-1
4053:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3982:9781135745769
3978:
3975:. Routledge.
3974:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3713:
3711:3-88042-055-6
3707:
3703:
3700:(in German),
3699:
3692:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3641:on 2007-08-23
3640:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3615:on 2007-06-10
3614:
3610:
3607:(in German),
3606:
3605:
3597:
3590:
3584:
3571:on 2008-12-27
3570:
3566:
3565:
3557:
3542:on 2008-12-27
3541:
3537:
3531:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3436:
3434:9781135745769
3430:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:1-85109-658-2
3357:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3335:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3294:Michael Hundt
3290:
3283:
3277:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3235:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3098:
3097:3-8288-8590-X
3094:
3090:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2989:on 2009-03-10
2988:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2801:on 2008-09-11
2797:
2793:
2791:87-983097-5-7
2787:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2695:Speicherstadt
2692:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2633:Cyclone Xaver
2629:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2605:Radio Hamburg
2602:quarter, and
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:indirect rule
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:Karl Kaufmann
2434:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2418:BĂĽrgermeister
2414:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2365:Wilhelm Frick
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:Freilichtpark
2300:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:South America
2269:
2268:transatlantic
2265:
2261:
2260:Albert Ballin
2251:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2208:Jungfernstieg
2204:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:German Empire
2167:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:Sephardi Jews
2031:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2006:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Martin Luther
1914:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1652:of Hamburg.
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1636:in 1189 from
1635:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1177:
1176:German Empire
1173:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1007:
1006:
996:
991:
986:
985:
975:
970:
965:
964:
952:
947:
946:
937:
931:
926:
925:
762:
753:
747:
739:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
694:
689:
684:
668:
652:
647:
642:
637:
633:
629:
626:According to
618:
615:
607:
597:
593:
589:
583:
582:
577:This section
575:
566:
565:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
525:
524:German Empire
521:
517:
514:state of the
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
475:
470:
468:
463:
461:
456:
455:
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
438:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
399:
398:
397:
396:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:
367:
366:
363:
358:
357:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
322:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
277:
276:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
236:Speicherstadt
234:
231:
228:
227:
220:
219:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
190:
185:
184:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
146:
145:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
89:
88:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
29:
28:
23:
18:
17:
10672:
10365:North Africa
10267:Kuala Lumpur
10248:Other cities
10234:Pearl Harbor
9890:Schaffhausen
9847:Other cities
9635:Soviet Union
9068:Braunschweig
9048:Aschersleben
9031:Other cities
8752:Schatzgräber
8174:West Prussia
8154:Lower Styria
8092:Holland (SS)
7863:Upper Danube
7858:Lower Danube
7661:Hesse-Nassau
7631:East Prussia
7601:Baden-Alsace
7564:Nazi Germany
7562:divisions of
7551:Nazi Germany
7471:Unrecognized
7417:(until 1920)
7322:(until 1929)
7192:Mitteleuropa
7183:Mittelafrika
7095:(Elder Line)
7093:Reuss-Greiz
7057:(until 1876)
7049:Coburg-Gotha
6952:West Prussia
6909:Hohenzollern
6905:Hesse-Nassau
6897:East Prussia
6772:(Elder Line)
6770:Reuss-Greiz
6729:Coburg-Gotha
6517:(until 1850)
6507:(until 1850)
6495:Hohenzollern
6484:(until 1848)
6474:(Elder Line)
6472:Reuss-Greiz
6443:(until 1824)
6433:(until 1824)
6362:(until 1826)
6354:(until 1826)
6343:Coburg-Gotha
6338:(until 1826)
6309:(until 1847)
6301:(until 1863)
6293:(until 1863)
6175:Hesse-Kassel
6031:
6009:
6008:until 1734.
5604:Schlettstadt
5599:Schmalkalden
5594:Schaffhausen
5569:Pfeddersheim
5484:Diessenhofen
4954:
4879:
4846:
4809:
4801:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4643:
4516:
4490:
4470:
4250:Demographics
4217:
4203:Coat of arms
4188:Subdivisions
4183:Constitution
4065:
4047:
4027:
4011:
4004:
4000:(Berg, 1990)
3997:
3990:
3971:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3939:
3913:, retrieved
3911:, 2017-07-07
3906:
3897:
3887:, retrieved
3885:, 2022-09-30
3882:
3873:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:
3848:
3837:. Retrieved
3833:
3824:
3813:. Retrieved
3808:
3799:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3759:the original
3754:
3744:
3733:. Retrieved
3728:
3719:
3697:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3665:, retrieved
3659:
3653:
3643:, retrieved
3639:the original
3633:
3627:
3617:, retrieved
3613:the original
3603:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3573:, retrieved
3569:the original
3563:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3540:the original
3530:
3511:
3505:
3486:
3480:
3468:
3449:
3443:
3423:
3416:
3402:
3392:, retrieved
3387:
3378:
3351:
3350:J. N. Hays,
3346:
3341:, p. 9.
3339:Abellán 2017
3334:
3324:, retrieved
3315:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3259:, retrieved
3253:
3247:
3239:
3234:
3223:the original
3218:
3205:
3191:, retrieved
3182:
3175:
3157:
3151:
3132:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3088:
3087:Jana JĂĽrgs,
3083:
3071:
3059:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2991:, retrieved
2987:the original
2981:
2974:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2828:
2822:
2796:the original
2781:
2768:
2756:
2707:
2702:
2688:
2657:
2642:
2617:severe storm
2613:Iron Curtain
2610:
2603:
2569:
2567:
2535:
2526:World War II
2523:
2502:
2497:, including
2476:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2455:BĂĽrgerschaft
2454:
2440:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2409:BĂĽrgerschaft
2408:
2406:
2354:
2348:
2345:Nazi Germany
2336:
2320:
2302:
2296:
2257:
2254:20th century
2236:
2220:
2213:
2180:
2178:
2155:
2119:
2110:
2099:19th century
2094:
2079:
2064:In 1664 the
2063:
2049:
2027:
2026:"New Town" (
2011:
1985:
1961:Langer RezeĂź
1960:
1948:
1944:
1929:state church
1925:church order
1910:
1879:
1856:
1854:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1799:
1789:
1785:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1739:
1731:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1681:Mildradistor
1680:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1631:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1578:Bischofsturm
1575:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1488:
1477:
1455:
697:
635:
625:
610:
601:
578:
535:
532:Nazi Germany
497:
483:
412:Demographics
327:Port history
299:Hamburg cell
280:Contemporary
149:Early Modern
135:Constitution
30:
10631:City-states
10329:Other areas
10290:Middle East
10263:(Sri Lanka)
9923:Pacific War
9795:Southampton
9710:Bournemouth
9532:Netherlands
9363:Alessandria
9303:Schweinfurt
9298:SaarbrĂĽcken
9143:Halberstadt
9103:Dietzenbach
9053:Baden-Baden
8629:Netherlands
8429:Netherlands
8169:Sudetenland
8117:occupations
7953:Vistulaland
7830:Sudetenland
7782:Prinz-Eugen
7686:Mecklenburg
7508:WĂĽrzburg SR
7483:Bavarian SR
7445:Schwarzburg
7346:City-states
7327:WĂĽrttemberg
7314:(from 1920)
7238:(1919–1933)
7126:City-states
7085:Reuss-Gera
6964:WĂĽrttemberg
6893:Brandenburg
6885:as a whole
6865:(1871–1918)
6803:City-states
6762:Reuss-Gera
6631:(1866–1871)
6554:Free cities
6528:Schwarzburg
6513:Sigmaringen
6466:(from 1848)
6459:Reuss-Gera
6453:(1824-1848)
6346:(from 1826)
6330:(from 1826)
6285:(from 1863)
6254:(from 1839)
6168:Electorates
6159:WĂĽrttemberg
6101:(1815–1866)
6045:Upper Saxon
6000:until 1695.
5996:until 1640.
5992:until 1773.
5984:until 1596.
5980:until 1705.
5976:until 1731.
5968:until 1701.
5964:until 1648.
5879:Mecklenburg
5840:Grubenhagen
5825:Blankenburg
5763:Halberstadt
5574:Rheinfelden
5519:Kaysersberg
5359:Schweinfurt
5319:Pfullendorf
5199:DinkelsbĂĽhl
4792:Westphalian
4745:Kaliningrad
4542:RĂĽgenwalde
4526:(Kołobrzeg)
4171:and symbols
3879:"HafenCity"
3811:(in German)
3765:31 December
3731:(in German)
3725:"Hafencity"
3319:, Hamburg:
3270:(in German)
3199:(in German)
2463:but it was
2307:World War I
1953:altarpieces
1913:Lutheranism
1846:Johannes IV
1755:SteinstraĂźe
1709:Black Death
1687:. The park
1491:Charlemagne
675:pastureland
518:, then the
489:Middle Ages
386:(1898–1938)
380:(1818–1938)
374:(1590–1942)
347:(1649–1868)
341:(1648–1918)
176:(1644–1806)
170:(1578–1751)
158:(1510–1806)
131:(1389–1401)
125:(1321–1669)
105:Archbishops
92:Middle Ages
31:History of
10269:(Malaysia)
10257:(Thailand)
10138:Utsunomiya
9898:(Bulgaria)
9866:Hammerfest
9811:Yugoslavia
9780:Nottingham
9770:Manchester
9705:Birmingham
9657:Stalingrad
9559:Middelburg
9278:PeenemĂĽnde
9258:Nordhausen
9208:Königsberg
9173:Hildesheim
9088:Crailsheim
9002:DĂĽsseldorf
8762:Bassgeiger
8742:New Swabia
8710:San Marino
8535:Montenegro
8459:Montenegro
8281:Luxembourg
8159:Luxembourg
7943:Vandalland
7908:Beskidland
7835:Wartheland
7808:Reichsgaus
7621:DĂĽsseldorf
7493:Bottleneck
7474:separatist
7453:Rudolstadt
7409:Saxe-Gotha
7373:Until 1920
6948:Westphalia
6536:Rudolstadt
6201:Luxembourg
6041:Burgundian
6028:Franconian
6004:from 1701.
5988:from 1708.
5972:from 1648.
5954:Nordhausen
5949:MĂĽhlhausen
5906:Regenstein
5862:GlĂĽckstadt
5768:Hildesheim
5589:Sarrebourg
5584:St. Gallen
5504:Gelnhausen
5489:Donauwörth
5369:Ăśberlingen
5339:Rothenburg
5334:Reutlingen
5329:Regensburg
5324:Ravensburg
5304:Nördlingen
5299:Nordhausen
5289:MĂĽhlhausen
5254:Kaufbeuren
5224:Gengenbach
4740:Königsberg
4676:Nordhausen
4669:MĂĽhlhausen
4552:(Szczecin)
4512:Greifswald
4178:Parliament
4169:Government
3929:See also:
3925:References
3915:2017-08-04
3889:2022-12-31
3864:2022-12-31
3839:2022-12-31
3815:2022-12-31
3809:Architonic
3790:2022-12-31
3735:2022-12-31
3667:2008-10-04
3645:2008-10-04
3619:2008-09-20
3575:2008-10-01
3394:2008-10-01
3326:2008-09-30
3261:2008-09-30
3193:2011-05-22
2993:2009-04-19
2848:1286848565
2710:G20 summit
2684:Zaha Hadid
2600:Rotherbaum
2542:Neuengamme
2518:Neuengamme
2374:Nazi Party
2321:After the
2216:Great Fire
2196:Peter Suhr
2117:department
2113:Napoleon I
1933:iconoclasm
1836:The first
1828:The first
1782:Copenhagen
1696:Ordeelbook
1603:LĂĽbeck law
1586:Alsterburg
1582:Wiedenburg
1430:Saxon Wars
1366:population
1151:Great Fire
702:place name
588:improve it
230:Great Fire
107:(832–1072)
10380:Fort Lamy
10346:Gibraltar
10206:Australia
10185:Singapore
10155:Yokkaichi
10148:June 1944
10128:Toyohashi
10048:Hiratsuka
10043:Hamamatsu
9990:Indonesia
9971:Hong Kong
9966:Chongqing
9910:(Croatia)
9904:(Austria)
9874:(Finland)
9862:(Ireland)
9856:(Hungary)
9833:Podgorica
9817:Belgrade
9790:Sheffield
9760:Liverpool
9730:Clydebank
9685:The Blitz
9647:Leningrad
9621:Bucharest
9579:The Hague
9554:Enkhuizen
9544:Eindhoven
9539:Amsterdam
9378:Benevento
9313:Stuttgart
9283:Pforzheim
9273:Paderborn
9268:OsnabrĂĽck
9263:Nuremberg
9233:Magdeburg
9193:Karlsruhe
9178:Innsbruck
9168:Heilbronn
9118:Frankfurt
9093:Darmstadt
9022:Wuppertal
8972:Battle of
8873:V-weapons
8863:Firestorm
8783:Nordstern
8767:Edelweiss
8675:Turkestan
8665:Don-Volga
8565:Turkestan
8515:Cossackia
8454:Macedonia
8414:Lithuania
8319:Ljubljana
8204:Bialystok
8189:Districts
7853:Carinthia
7746:Weser-Ems
7736:Thuringia
7706:Pomerania
7691:Moselland
7646:Franconia
7488:Bremen SR
7476:movements
7404:Meiningen
7389:Altenburg
7311:Thuringia
7291:Oldenburg
7266:Brunswick
7062:Meiningen
7054:Lauenburg
7044:Altenburg
7039:Brunswick
7011:Oldenburg
6932:Rhineland
6913:Pomerania
6739:Meiningen
6734:Lauenburg
6724:Altenburg
6719:Brunswick
6691:Oldenburg
6588:partially
6566:Frankfurt
6503:Hechingen
6367:Meiningen
6327:Altenburg
6264:Lauenburg
6241:Brunswick
6216:Oldenburg
5872:Pinneberg
5830:Calenberg
5783:Ratzeburg
5778:Magdeburg
5634:Turckheim
5624:StraĂźburg
5619:Solothurn
5404:Windsheim
5314:Offenburg
5309:Nuremberg
5294:MĂĽlhausen
5284:Memmingen
5269:Leutkirch
5264:Kessenich
5244:Heilbronn
5219:Friedberg
5214:Frankfurt
5174:Bopfingen
5024:Newcastle
4977:Factories
4963:Falsterbo
4926:Steelyard
4842:OsnabrĂĽck
4827:Groningen
4762:(Tallinn)
4718:(Wrocław)
4629:Magdeburg
4625:Brunswick
4576:Stralsund
4571:Stockholm
4544:(Darłowo)
4469:shown in
4457:smallcaps
4380:Libraries
4294:transport
4260:Education
4245:Hanseaten
4193:Elections
4019:In German
3883:Knowledge
3729:Hafencity
2856:cite book
2691:HafenCity
2668:HafenCity
2651:in 2004,
2637:HafenCity
2442:Gauleiter
2339:Communist
2292:Chinatown
2288:New World
2284:East Asia
2058:Frankfort
1975:in 1540.
1941:St. Petri
1906:North Sea
1762:Henry III
1685:Mildertor
1591:Neue Burg
1571:Obodrites
1540:Eppendorf
1535:Eppendorp
1523:Hammaburg
1515:Bardowick
1511:Magdeburg
1474:Rahlstedt
1470:Meiendorf
1462:Neolithic
974:Mariendom
716:Old Saxon
714:which is
688:Low Saxon
636:Hammaburg
604:July 2017
592:verifying
560:Etymology
512:sovereign
427:Geography
422:Education
268:(1940–45)
262:(1938–45)
199:(1811–14)
117:Bornhöved
111:Cathedral
99:Hammaburg
10704:Category
10320:Tel Aviv
10239:Unalaska
10173:(Taiwan)
10164:Colonies
10133:Toyokawa
10113:Shizuoka
10002:Surabaya
9997:Sukabumi
9981:Shanghai
9943:Mandalay
9880:(Norway)
9872:Helsinki
9868:(Norway)
9854:Budapest
9838:Sarajevo
9785:Plymouth
9745:Greenock
9735:Coventry
9715:Brighton
9626:Ploiești
9564:Nijmegen
9549:Enschede
9428:Grosseto
9413:Frascati
9388:Cagliari
9343:WĂĽrzburg
9238:Mannheim
9163:Hannover
9083:Chemnitz
9043:Augsburg
8997:Duisburg
8992:Dortmund
8974:the Ruhr
8945:Le Havre
8776:Proposed
8757:Holzauge
8660:Caucasia
8653:Proposed
8591:Brittany
8584:Proposed
8575:Wallonia
8560:Slovakia
8510:Bulgaria
8484:Wallonia
8474:Slovakia
8389:Flanders
8271:Slovakia
8220:Brussels
8213:Proposed
8179:Zichenau
8149:Lorraine
8097:Lombardy
8080:Proposed
7968:Westland
7958:Wallonia
7938:Nordmark
7933:Gothland
7923:Flanders
7918:Burgundy
7896:Proposed
7868:Salzburg
7775:Proposed
7761:Westmark
7701:NSDAP/AO
7606:Bayreuth
7583:Altreich
6871:Kingdoms
6637:Kingdoms
6290:Bernburg
6246:Holstein
6132:Kingdoms
6037:Austrian
6012:Bavarian
5894:Strelitz
5889:Schwerin
5857:Holstein
5788:Schwerin
5677:DĂ©capole
5529:Konstanz
5494:Duisburg
5469:Besançon
5344:Rottweil
5209:EĂźlingen
5204:Dortmund
5189:Buchhorn
5169:Biberach
5164:Augsburg
5079:channel.
5062:Dortmund
5039:Yarmouth
4943:Novgorod
4938:Peterhof
4822:Deventer
4811:Dortmund
4754:(KrakĂłw)
4734:(ElblÄ…g)
4716:Breslau
4705:(Gdańsk)
4566:Stargard
4560:(SĹ‚upsk)
4550:Stettin
4532:LĂĽneburg
4524:Kolberg
4390:Theatres
4375:Churches
4275:Theatres
4230:Timeline
3313:(1844),
3140:Archived
3115:, p. 266
2716:See also
2499:Cuxhaven
2495:exclaves
2491:Wandsbek
2466:de facto
2311:colonies
2243:epidemic
2232:Dradenau
2224:the port
2185:Hammonia
2181:Hammonia
2046:Lutheran
2038:Portugal
2028:Neustadt
1646:crusades
1596:Adalbert
1531:Ebbodorp
432:Politics
80:(3rd CE)
74:(1st CE)
51:timeline
22:a series
20:Part of
10682:Related
10336:Bahrain
10261:Colombo
10255:Bangkok
10171:Taihoku
10093:Okazaki
10073:Nagaoka
10033:Fukuoka
9976:Nanjing
9800:Swansea
9775:Norwich
9725:Cardiff
9720:Bristol
9700:Belfast
9668:Kingdom
9614:Romania
9595:Frampol
9518:Viterbo
9513:Vicenza
9498:Trieste
9493:Treviso
9463:Pescara
9458:Palermo
9438:Messina
9433:Livorno
9403:Ferrara
9398:Catania
9393:Cassino
9383:Bologna
9293:Rostock
9288:Potsdam
9248:MĂĽnster
9213:Leipzig
9153:Hamburg
9138:Giessen
9108:Dresden
9078:Breslau
9063:Bocholt
9017:Krefeld
8987:Cologne
8964:Germany
8924:Tallinn
8912:Estonia
8891:Denmark
8735:Founded
8715:Tunisia
8700:Finland
8670:Muscovy
8644:Ukraine
8639:Ostland
8617:Founded
8570:Ukraine
8540:Romania
8530:Hungary
8505:Belarus
8479:Ukraine
8404:Hungary
8384:Denmark
8374:Croatia
8364:Belarus
8359:Austria
8349:Albania
8342:Founded
8252:Croatia
8197:Founded
8047:Galicia
8022:Founded
7928:Galicia
7913:Brabant
7845:Austria
7818:Founded
7792:Holland
7721:Silesia
7656:Hamburg
7594:Founded
7503:Rhenish
7498:Bavaria
7359:Hamburg
7319:Waldeck
7296:Prussia
7261:Bavaria
7139:Hamburg
7026:Duchies
6944:Silesia
6901:Hanover
6883:Prussia
6878:Bavaria
6816:Hamburg
6706:Duchies
6644:Prussia
6571:Hamburg
6251:Limburg
6230:Duchies
6154:Hanover
6144:Bavaria
6139:Prussia
6114:Austria
6107:Empires
6016:Swabian
5939:Hamburg
5901:Rantzau
5884:GĂĽstrow
5867:Gottorp
5845:Hanover
5807:Secular
5649:Warburg
5579:Rosheim
5564:Obernai
5559:Munster
5544:Lucerne
5514:Herford
5509:Hagenau
5479:Cambrai
5399:Wimpfen
5394:Wetzlar
5259:Kempten
5239:Hamburg
5229:Giengen
5194:Cologne
5144:By 1792
5123:of the
5069:Antwerp
5058:Cologne
5029:Polotsk
5014:Herford
4999:Ipswich
4989:Bristol
4915:Antwerp
4890:Bryggen
4881:Kontore
4854:Zutphen
4837:MĂĽnster
4803:Cologne
4778:(Toruń)
4752:Cracow
4732:Elbing
4726:(Tartu)
4724:Dorpat
4537:Rostock
4518:Hamburg
4482:Wendish
4471:italics
4465:of the
4395:Castles
4385:Museums
4322:Bridges
4312:Airport
4290:Economy
4280:Cuisine
4270:Museums
4255:Dialect
4222:culture
4218:History
3546:8 March
3066:, p. 39
3054:, p. 39
3032:, p. 42
3008:, p. 30
2935:, p. 25
2920:, p. 23
2905:, p. 20
2893:, p. 26
2881:, p. 16
2763:, p. 11
2693:called
2524:During
2460:de jure
2447:Hamburg
2395:in the
2239:cholera
2124:, with
2086:Wolgast
2077:river.
1967:closed
1832:of 1410
1751:cobbled
1634:charter
1569:of the
1567:Mstivoj
1553:as the
1547:Vikings
1423:←
1409:Otto I.
1401:←
1380:←
1359:←
1343:of the
1334:←
1313:←
1295:←
1277:←
1256:←
1240:of the
1231:←
1211:←
1190:←
1174:of the
1165:←
1144:←
1126:←
1105:←
1084:←
1066:←
1045:←
1027:←
1009:←
988:←
967:←
949:←
928:←
911:–
901:–
891:–
881:–
871:–
861:–
851:–
841:–
831:–
821:–
811:–
801:–
791:–
781:–
771:–
706:Chamavi
628:Ptolemy
586:Please
552:in the
506:of the
485:Hamburg
417:Economy
407:Culture
335:(1410–)
329:(1189–)
68:(15 ka)
33:Hamburg
10671:
10658:
10645:
10610:
10597:
10584:
10571:
10558:
10545:
10532:
10519:
10506:
10493:
10480:
10467:
10454:
10441:States
10341:Cyprus
10273:Manila
10218:Darwin
10213:Broome
10143:Yawata
10108:Sendai
10103:Rabaul
10088:Numazu
10078:Nagoya
10023:Aomori
9908:Zagreb
9902:Vienna
9884:Prague
9878:Namsos
9860:Dublin
9765:London
9740:Exeter
9666:United
9605:Wieluń
9600:Warsaw
9588:Poland
9508:Verona
9478:Rimini
9448:Naples
9408:Foggia
9368:Ancona
9308:Siegen
9253:Munich
9218:LĂĽbeck
9198:Kassel
9098:Dessau
9073:Bremen
9058:Berlin
9038:Aachen
8982:Bochum
8933:France
8705:Monaco
8634:Norway
8555:Serbia
8525:Greece
8520:France
8498:Exiled
8399:Greece
8394:France
8291:Serbia
8286:Poland
8276:Greece
8257:France
8134:Alsace
8115:German
8067:Warsaw
8057:Lublin
8052:KrakĂłw
7948:Venice
7883:Vienna
7873:Styria
7726:Swabia
7711:Saxony
7611:Berlin
7394:Coburg
7381:Ernest
7364:LĂĽbeck
7354:Bremen
7301:Saxony
7251:Anhalt
7244:States
7144:LĂĽbeck
7134:Bremen
7034:Anhalt
6959:Saxony
6936:Saxony
6889:Berlin
6821:LĂĽbeck
6811:Bremen
6714:Anhalt
6649:Saxony
6576:LĂĽbeck
6561:Bremen
6306:Köthen
6298:Dessau
6282:Anhalt
6259:Nassau
6149:Saxony
5944:LĂĽbeck
5934:Goslar
5929:Bremen
5921:Cities
5815:Bremen
5773:LĂĽbeck
5758:Bremen
5659:ZĂĽrich
5644:Verdun
5639:Verden
5534:Landau
5524:Kolmar
5474:Brakel
5379:Wangen
5364:Speyer
5279:LĂĽbeck
5274:Lindau
5234:Goslar
5184:Buchau
5179:Bremen
5154:Aachen
5073:Bruges
5004:Kaunas
4994:Boston
4955:Vitten
4931:London
4918:
4908:Bruges
4895:Bergen
4859:Zwolle
4832:Kampen
4776:Thorn
4770:(RÄ«ga)
4760:Reval
4700:Danzig
4690:Baltic
4662:Goslar
4651:Erfurt
4645:Bremen
4639:Berlin
4586:Wismar
4558:Stolp
4507:Demmin
4502:Anklam
4492:LĂĽbeck
4365:Rivers
4350:Mayors
4208:Police
4072:
4054:
4034:
3979:
3708:
3518:
3493:
3456:
3431:
3366:
3358:
3164:
3095:
2967:840129
2965:
2846:
2836:
2817:, p.15
2788:
2751:, p. 8
2643:After
2483:Altona
2325:, the
2299:nudism
2276:Africa
2198:, 1842
2075:Alster
1814:Bremen
1742:LĂĽbeck
1700:Ordeel
1551:Bremen
1519:Ansgar
1507:Hedeby
1499:Viking
1495:Slavic
1347:(1815)
1322:(1510)
1265:(1962)
1244:(1949)
1199:(1937)
1178:(1871)
1153:(1842)
1114:(1410)
1093:(1648)
1054:(1401)
997:(1189)
976:(1035)
936:Saxons
693:hammen
670:means
654:means
502:and a
301:(2001)
295:(1962)
289:(1947)
256:(1937)
250:(1896)
244:(1892)
238:(1888)
232:(1842)
223:Modern
211:(1813)
205:(1813)
164:(1570)
137:(1410)
119:(1227)
113:(1035)
24:on the
10351:Malta
10315:Jaffa
10310:Haifa
10118:Tokyo
10098:Osaka
10028:Fukui
10018:Akita
10011:Japan
9959:China
9931:Burma
9896:Sofia
9755:Leeds
9652:Minsk
9642:Gorky
9523:Zadar
9503:Turin
9488:Terni
9453:Padua
9443:Milan
9423:Gorla
9418:Genoa
9356:Italy
9338:Worms
9323:Wesel
9243:Moers
9228:Mainz
9203:Kleve
9158:Hanau
9148:Halle
9113:Emden
9007:Essen
8950:Royan
8919:Narva
8903:Rønne
8728:Other
8424:Lokot
8419:Lepel
8409:Italy
8296:Banat
8164:Posen
8062:Radom
7903:Banat
7641:Essen
7435:Reuss
7427:Reuss
7399:Gotha
7276:Lippe
7271:Hesse
7256:Baden
7169:Other
7080:Lippe
6991:Baden
6928:Posen
6757:Lippe
6421:Reuss
6401:Lippe
6191:Baden
5835:Celle
5614:Soest
5609:Seltz
5549:Mainz
5539:Lemgo
5499:DĂĽren
5459:Basel
5445:Lost
5409:Worms
5159:Aalen
5071:once
5034:Pskov
5009:Leith
4968:Malmö
4848:Soest
4768:Riga
4615:Saxon
4581:Visby
4345:Lists
4265:Sport
3702:Husum
3265:from
3226:(PDF)
3215:(PDF)
2963:JSTOR
2799:(PDF)
2778:(PDF)
2734:Notes
2280:India
2258:With
2070:swans
1842:RezeĂź
1830:RezeĂź
1810:Emden
1770:hanse
1766:hanse
1503:Louis
1411:(962)
1389:(843)
1341:State
1238:State
1172:State
700:as a
683:hamma
667:hamme
659:angle
651:hamma
632:Treva
101:(810)
72:Treva
10373:Chad
10305:Acre
10083:Naha
10068:Kure
10063:KĹŤfu
10058:Kobe
10038:Gifu
9826:1944
9821:1941
9750:Hull
9695:Bath
9483:Rome
9468:Pisa
9373:Bari
9183:Jena
8940:Caen
8898:Nexø
8680:Ural
8434:Nias
8354:Asch
7575:Gaus
5629:Toul
5554:Metz
5464:Bern
5414:Zell
5384:Weil
5249:Isny
5077:Zwin
5060:and
5044:York
5019:Hull
4317:Port
4292:and
4220:and
4198:Flag
4070:ISBN
4052:ISBN
4032:ISBN
3977:ISBN
3767:2022
3706:ISBN
3548:2023
3516:ISBN
3491:ISBN
3473:Verg
3454:ISBN
3429:ISBN
3364:ISBN
3356:ISBN
3162:ISBN
3125:Verg
3093:ISBN
3076:Verg
3064:Verg
3052:Verg
3030:Verg
3018:Verg
3006:Verg
2933:Verg
2918:Verg
2903:Verg
2891:Verg
2879:Verg
2866:link
2862:link
2844:OCLC
2834:ISBN
2815:Verg
2786:ISBN
2761:Verg
2749:Verg
2664:Elbe
2611:The
2582:and
2489:and
2445:for
2337:The
2282:and
2162:1848
2136:and
2056:and
2054:Jena
1947:and
1794:Wend
1786:Mark
1778:cogs
1657:Rath
1650:Rath
1513:and
1497:and
1472:and
1460:and
718:for
698:Hamm
664:and
641:burg
493:port
9318:Ulm
5374:Ulm
2955:doi
2635:in
2332:KPD
2088:in
1955:by
1848:of
1683:or
1659:).
1573:.
1537:or
728:or
711:ham
590:by
537:Gau
49:by
10706::
8263:‧
6950:,
6946:,
6942:,
6938:,
6934:,
6930:,
6926:,
6911:,
6907:,
6903:,
6899:,
6895:,
6891:,
6054:·
6047:,
6043:,
6039:,
6030:,
6026:,
6022:,
6018:,
6014:,
3905:,
3881:,
3857:.
3832:.
3807:.
3783:.
3753:.
3727:.
3386:,
3370:,
3362:,
3217:.
3186:,
2961:,
2951:35
2949:,
2925:^
2910:^
2858:}}
2854:{{
2842:.
2807:^
2780:,
2741:^
2705:.
2686:.
2649:EU
2485:,
2363:,
2301:,
2278:,
2274:,
2234:.
2092:.
1812:.
1632:A
1533:,
1486:.
1468:,
738:.
696:.
648:,
10418:e
10411:t
10404:v
10124:)
10120:(
8829:e
8822:t
8815:v
8267:)
8259:(
7788:)
7784:(
7587:)
7579:(
7542:e
7535:t
7528:v
7228:e
7221:t
7214:v
6954:)
6924:)
6887:(
6855:e
6848:t
6841:v
6621:e
6614:t
6607:v
6091:e
6084:t
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