1292:. This Hindu migration was different from those in East African countries such as Kenya and Uganda where Hindus arrived voluntarily for jobs but without restrictive contracts; it was quite similar to the arrival of Indian workers in South Africa, Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago with slave-like contract restrictions for plantation work owned by Europeans, particularly the British. Most Hindus who arrived for these indentured plantation work were originally from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, people escaping from major repetitive famines in colonial British India from 1860s to 1910s. These laborers came for a fixed period irrevocable contract of exclusive servitude, with an option to either go back to India with plantation paid return fare, or stay in a local settlement after the contract ended. Most chose to stay and continue working for a salary.
30:
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37:
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condemn
Hinduism or African religions. The Christian officials identified some positive elements in both, but states Chitando, then called upon the Hindu Indian workers and local Africans to "abandon their traditions and embrace their version of reality". In contrast to Christian missionary approach, neither Hinduism nor African Traditional Religions were missionary in their approach or goals.
1317:) were adopted in Africa, but these were missing from north Africa, the northeastern horn of Africa and Arabia during that age. The development of gold mining and processing methods among the Shona people in Zimbabwe highlands increased its trading activity with India before the 12th century, particularly through the city of
1350:
The Hindus in
Zimbabwe is represented by the Hindoo Society Harare (HSH).It is a Hindu welfare organization registered in 1916. Hindu Religious and Cultural Institute (HRCI) was founded 60 years ago. It is dedicated to teaching the Sanatana Dharma to children born into Hindu families of Zimbabwe, but
1329:
Hinduism came with indentured laborers brought to
Zimbabwe, and they were a part of a global movement of workers during the colonial era, to help with plantation and mining related projects when local skilled labor was unavailable, to build infrastructure projects, establish services, retail markets
1308:
Archaeological studies in
Zimbabwe and the Swahili coast have revealed evidence that suggests that Indian traders had a small presence and sporadic interaction with the African people during the Roman Empire period (early 1st millennium CE) and thereafter, long pre-dating the European colonial era.
1362:
The "Hindu
Religious and Cultural Institute" of Harare discusses Sanatana Dharma with children born into Hindu families of Zimbabwe, and welcomes non-Hindus. The major centers of Hindu community of about 3,000 in Harare include various schools, the Goanese Association, the Hindu Society, the Tamil
1333:
According to Ezra
Chitando, the 19th- and early 20th-century encounters between European Christians with both Hinduism and African Traditional Religions in Zimbabwe were complex, generally demonizing and dehumanizing both Hinduism and African religions, but the Christian missionaries never totally
1330:
and for administrative support. The immigrants, some educated and skilled but mostly poor and struggling in famine prone areas of India, came to escape starvation and work in plantations owned by the
Europeans.
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Similarly, genetic studies suggest a direct ancient
African-Indian trade and cooperation because by the 1st millennium BCE African crops were adopted in India, and Indian crops as well as the domesticated
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There are two Hindu temples in
Zimbabwe.The Omkar Temple in Harare is the first Hindu temple in Zimbabwe. Its fountain Stone was laid in 1929.
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As of 1995 there were about 16,200 Hindus in
Zimbabwe. It reduced to 3,000 or 500 families. They are mostly in the capital city of Harare.
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Sangam, the Brahma Kumaris yoga centers and the Ramakrishna Vedanta Society all of which are in
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Hromnik, Cyril A. (1991). "Dravidian Gold Mining and Trade in Ancient Komatiland".
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African Identities and World Christianity in the Twentieth Century
1723:
Encyclopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World
1719:
1364:
1318:
1530:
Rome's Trade with the East: The Sea Voyage to Africa and India
1431:
36:
1950:
Where Silence Rules: The Suppression of Dissent in Malawi
1640:
1367:. The Krishna-oriented ISKCON has a centre at Marondera.
1826:"prepare to celebrate 25th anniversary of Omkar Temple"
1788:
1786:
1617:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History
1508:. Oxford University Press. pp. 479–480, 514–523.
1502:
Alexis Catsambis; Ben Ford; Donny L. Hamilton (2011).
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1818:
1555:. Oxford University Press. pp. 24–26, 30–39.
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1763:Klaus Koschorke; Jens Holger Schjørring (2005).
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1946:
1769:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 185–187.
2010:
1247:
1672:
1574:
1572:
1794:"The Evolution of The Harare Hindu Society"
1688:. Oxford University Press. pp. 91–92.
1644:Studying Hinduism: Key Concepts and Methods
1505:The Oxford Handbook of Maritime Archaeology
1370:
2017:
2003:
1720:DAVID LEVINSON; KAREN CHRISTENSEN (2003).
1480:. Government of the United Kingdom. 2007.
1468:
1466:
1379:- served as justices of the Supreme Court.
1254:
1240:
1681:
1569:
1474:"Forced Labour: A New System of Slavery?"
1929:The Hindu Diaspora: Comparative Patterns
1884:Modern Temple Rises Out of Zimbabwe Soil
1294:
1578:
1463:
1438:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 10–11.
1432:Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006).
2421:
2024:
1998:
1912:, Harare, Zimbabwe, Official Website
1836:from the original on 24 January 2017
1641:Sushil Mittal; Gene Thursby (2009).
1581:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1685:Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction
13:
1990:Brahma Kumaris Centres in Zimbabwe
1919:
1726:. Sage Publications. p. 592.
35:
28:
14:
2450:
1968:
1552:The Indian Ocean in World History
1414:United States Department of State
1351:non-Hindus can also study there.
2325:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2095:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1039:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
111:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1896:
1877:
1848:
1740:from the original on 2019-12-15
1713:
1702:from the original on 2021-04-25
1661:from the original on 2020-03-12
1484:from the original on 2016-12-04
1452:from the original on 2018-12-22
1337:
1985:Hindu Associations in Zimbabwe
1607:
1542:
1522:
1495:
1407:
1:
1855:The Hindoo Society Newsletter
1647:. Routledge. pp. 87–88.
1620:. Cengage. pp. 273–274.
1400:
1346:Hindu temple and organisation
1358:Contemporary Hindu community
1304:Ancient and medieval history
1286:British South Africa Company
7:
1383:
1049:Caribbean Madrasi Community
10:
2455:
1593:10.1177/002190969102600309
1276:
2338:
2313:
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1798:The Hindoo Society Harare
1614:Craig A. Lockard (2014).
1549:Edward A. Alpers (2014).
2080:Central African Republic
1932:. Taylor & Francis.
1926:Steven Vertovec (2013).
1435:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1371:Famous Zimbabwean Hindus
96:Central African Republic
1947:Richard Carver (1990).
1893:, Hinduism Today (1991)
1269:is a minority faith in
1953:. Human Rights Watch.
1832:. TNN. 2 August 2017.
1528:Lionel Casson (1974),
1325:Colonial era migration
1300:
662:Bosnia and Herzegovina
40:
33:
2240:São Tomé and Príncipe
2100:Republic of the Congo
1478:The National Archives
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1029:Saint Kitts and Nevis
263:São Tomé and Príncipe
116:Republic of the Congo
39:
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2439:Religion in Zimbabwe
1975:Harare Hindu Society
1864:, Harare, Zimbabwe;
1282:Hinduism in Zimbabwe
602:United Arab Emirates
2429:Hinduism by country
2315:States with limited
2026:Hinduism in Africa
1044:Trinidad and Tobago
969:Antigua and Barbuda
22:Hinduism by country
2434:Hinduism in Africa
1980:Hindus in Zimbabwe
1908:2019-01-22 at the
1903:The Hindoo Society
1889:2019-02-07 at the
1871:2016-12-11 at the
1860:2017-02-02 at the
1682:Kim Knott (2016).
1535:2017-02-03 at the
1390:Hinduism in Uganda
1301:
994:Dominican Republic
41:
34:
2416:
2415:
2342:other territories
2115:Equatorial Guinea
1960:978-0-929692-73-9
1939:978-1-136-36712-0
1776:978-3-447-05331-0
1733:978-0-7619-2598-9
1695:978-0-19-874554-9
1654:978-1-134-41829-9
1627:978-1-305-17707-9
1562:978-0-19-533787-7
1515:978-0-19-537517-6
1445:978-0-8160-7564-5
1395:Hinduism in Kenya
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2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Guinea-Bissau
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1804:on 2019-02-07
1803:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1355:
1352:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:French Guiana
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:South America
1148:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:New Caledonia
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
958:
953:
952:
945:
944:United States
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:North America
888:
887:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:Liechtenstein
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
626:
625:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
342:
337:
336:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
232:
229:
228:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
171:Guinea-Bissau
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
50:
45:
44:
38:
31:
27:
26:
23:
20:
19:
16:
2390:Saint Helena
2361:
2304:
2265:South Africa
2255:Sierra Leone
2060:Burkina Faso
1949:
1928:
1898:
1879:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1829:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1797:
1765:
1742:. Retrieved
1722:
1715:
1704:. Retrieved
1684:
1663:. Retrieved
1643:
1636:
1616:
1609:
1584:
1580:
1551:
1544:
1524:
1504:
1497:
1486:. Retrieved
1477:
1454:. Retrieved
1434:
1409:
1377:Bharat Patel
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1338:Demographics
1332:
1328:
1310:
1307:
1281:
1280:
1265:
597:Turkmenistan
552:Saudi Arabia
327:
288:South Africa
278:Sierra Leone
76:Burkina Faso
15:
2317:recognition
2270:South Sudan
2160:Ivory Coast
1315:Bos indicus
1104:New Zealand
1034:Saint Lucia
1024:Puerto Rico
914:El Salvador
847:Switzerland
782:Netherlands
542:Philippines
475:South Korea
470:North Korea
348:Afghanistan
293:South Sudan
176:Ivory Coast
2423:Categories
2372:(Portugal)
2330:Somaliland
2250:Seychelles
2215:Mozambique
2200:Mauritania
2185:Madagascar
2140:The Gambia
2075:Cape Verde
1840:22 January
1808:2019-02-05
1744:2016-10-22
1706:2016-10-22
1665:2016-10-22
1488:2016-10-17
1456:2016-10-22
1401:References
1288:and later
1089:Micronesia
1019:Martinique
1004:Guadeloupe
909:Costa Rica
817:San Marino
777:Montenegro
757:Luxembourg
607:Uzbekistan
582:Tajikistan
487:Kyrgyzstan
460:Kazakhstan
398:East Timor
368:Bangladesh
358:Azerbaijan
273:Seychelles
238:Mozambique
216:Mauritania
201:Madagascar
91:Cape Verde
2205:Mauritius
1601:220930760
1299:Zimbabwe.
1230:Full list
1219:Venezuela
1159:Argentina
1069:Australia
957:Caribbean
934:Nicaragua
919:Guatemala
752:Lithuania
707:Gibraltar
567:Sri Lanka
557:Singapore
537:Palestine
418:Indonesia
408:Hong Kong
221:Mauritius
2396: /
2392: /
2385:(France)
2379: /
2357: /
2353: /
2305:Zimbabwe
2280:Tanzania
2130:Ethiopia
2125:Eswatini
2105:Djibouti
2070:Cameroon
2055:Botswana
1906:Archived
1887:Archived
1869:Archived
1858:Archived
1834:Archived
1738:Archived
1700:Archived
1659:Archived
1533:Archived
1482:Archived
1450:Archived
1384:See also
1311:zebu cow
1290:Rhodesia
1271:Zimbabwe
1267:Hinduism
1209:Suriname
1199:Paraguay
1179:Colombia
1079:Kiribati
989:Dominica
979:Barbados
964:Anguilla
924:Honduras
872:Scotland
832:Slovenia
827:Slovakia
802:Portugal
667:Bulgaria
587:Thailand
532:Pakistan
512:Mongolia
507:Maldives
502:Malaysia
383:Cambodia
328:Zimbabwe
303:Tanzania
146:Ethiopia
141:Eswatini
121:Djibouti
86:Cameroon
71:Botswana
2381:Réunion
2377:Mayotte
2368:Madeira
2363:(Spain)
2359:Melilla
2290:Tunisia
2260:Somalia
2245:Senegal
2230:Nigeria
2220:Namibia
2210:Morocco
2175:Liberia
2170:Lesotho
2120:Eritrea
2090:Comoros
2065:Burundi
2040:Algeria
1277:History
1214:Uruguay
1184:Ecuador
1164:Bolivia
1139:Vanuatu
1062:Oceania
1014:Jamaica
999:Grenada
974:Bahamas
862:England
852:Ukraine
807:Romania
767:Moldova
727:Ireland
722:Iceland
717:Hungary
702:Germany
692:Finland
687:Estonia
682:Denmark
677:Czechia
672:Croatia
657:Belgium
652:Belarus
647:Austria
642:Andorra
637:Albania
612:Vietnam
517:Myanmar
497:Lebanon
403:Georgia
363:Bahrain
353:Armenia
313:Tunisia
283:Somalia
268:Senegal
253:Nigeria
243:Namibia
226:Morocco
191:Liberia
186:Lesotho
136:Eritrea
106:Comoros
81:Burundi
56:Algeria
2400:
2383:
2370:
2300:Zambia
2295:Uganda
2235:Rwanda
2190:Malawi
2150:Guinea
2045:Angola
1957:
1936:
1773:
1730:
1692:
1651:
1624:
1599:
1559:
1512:
1442:
1365:Harare
1319:Sofala
1194:Guyana
1169:Brazil
1134:Tuvalu
939:Panama
929:Mexico
904:Canada
899:Belize
842:Sweden
822:Serbia
812:Russia
797:Poland
792:Norway
772:Monaco
742:Latvia
737:Kosovo
712:Greece
697:France
630:Europe
592:Turkey
577:Taiwan
482:Kuwait
455:Jordan
445:Israel
393:Cyprus
378:Brunei
373:Bhutan
323:Zambia
318:Uganda
258:Rwanda
206:Malawi
166:Guinea
156:Gambia
61:Angola
49:Africa
2355:Ceuta
2275:Sudan
2225:Niger
2180:Libya
2165:Kenya
2145:Ghana
2135:Gabon
2110:Egypt
2050:Benin
1597:S2CID
1174:Chile
1129:Tonga
1119:Samoa
1109:Palau
1094:Nauru
1009:Haiti
877:Wales
837:Spain
762:Malta
732:Italy
617:Yemen
572:Syria
547:Qatar
522:Nepal
465:Korea
450:Japan
413:India
388:China
298:Sudan
248:Niger
196:Libya
181:Kenya
161:Ghana
151:Gabon
126:Egypt
66:Benin
2285:Togo
2195:Mali
2085:Chad
1955:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1842:2017
1771:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1204:Peru
1074:Fiji
984:Cuba
527:Oman
492:Laos
440:Iraq
435:Iran
428:Java
423:Bali
341:Asia
308:Togo
211:Mali
101:Chad
1589:doi
2425::
1817:^
1796:.
1785:^
1753:^
1736:.
1698:.
1674:^
1657:.
1595:.
1585:26
1583:.
1571:^
1476:.
1465:^
1448:.
1420:^
1273:.
2018:e
2011:t
2004:v
1963:.
1942:.
1844:.
1811:.
1779:.
1747:.
1709:.
1668:.
1630:.
1603:.
1591::
1565:.
1518:.
1491:.
1459:.
1313:(
1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
