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755:. The secondary goal seeks to establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text. That may be accomplished by reconstructing the true nature of the events that the text describes. An ancient text may also serve as a document, record or source for reconstructing the ancient past, which may also serve as a chief interest to the historical critic. In regard to Semitic biblical interpretation, the historical critic would be able to interpret the literature of Israel as well as the history of Israel. In 18th century
1078:(1632–1677). When it is applied to the Bible, the historical-critical method is distinct from the traditional, devotional approach. In particular, while devotional readers concern themselves with the overall message of the Bible, historians examine the distinct messages of each book in the Bible. Guided by the devotional approach, for example, Christians often combine accounts from different gospels into single accounts, but historians attempt to discern what is unique about each gospel, including how they differ.
2621:
921:
746:) is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts to understand "the world behind the text" and emphasizes a process that "delays any assessment of scripture's truth and relevance until after the act of interpretation has been carried out". While often discussed in terms of ancient Jewish, Christian, and increasingly Islamic writings, historical criticism has also been applied to other religious and secular writings from various parts of the world and periods of history.
51:
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words 'thinkable' and 'sayable' is informed by the principle of historical analogy – the assumption that past periods of history were constrained by the same natural laws as the present age, that the moral and intellectual abilities of human agents in the past were not radically different from ours, and that the behaviour of past agents, like that of contemporary ones, is at least partly explicable by recourse to certain social and economic factors.
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does open up the very real possibility that an interpreter may find scripture to contain statements that are, by his own standards, false, inconsistent, or trivial. Hence, a fully critical approach to the Bible, or to the Qur’an for that matter, is equivalent to the demand, frequently reiterated by
Biblical scholars from the eighteenth century onwards, that the Bible is to be interpreted in the same manner as any other text.
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893:, the 19th century approach to higher criticism set aside "efforts to fill ancient religion with direct meaning and relevance and devoted itself instead to the critical collection and chronological ordering of the source material." Thus, higher criticism, whether biblical, classical, Byzantine or medieval, focuses on the source documents to determine who wrote it and where and when it was written.
4802:
1051:
is a specific aspect of form criticism, which aims at tracing the way in which the pericopes entered the larger units of the biblical canon, especially the way in which they made the transition from oral to written form. The belief in the priority, stability and even detectability, of oral traditions
812:
means to suspend inherited presuppositions about its origin, transmission, and meaning, and to assess their adequacy in the light of a close reading of that text itself as well as other relevant sources ... This is not to say that scripture should conversely be assumed to be false and mortal, but it
821:
require the meanings ascribed to it to have been humanly 'thinkable' or 'sayable' within the text's original historical environment, as far as the latter can be retrospectively reconstructed. At least for the mainstream of historical-critical scholarship, the notion of possibility underlying the
1884:
Quote: "First, what is taught about the New
Testament to undergraduates at the colleges and universities that are NOT evangelical? You can pick any type of school you want, and I (and virtually every other scholar in the field) can tell you the answer, simply because I (and they) know (either
1384:
to faith in Christ and biblical devotion, denudation of the Bible's supernaturalism, syncretism of philosophy and
Christian revelation etc.) in the developed world to the consequences of historical criticism. Acceptance of historical critical dogmas engendered conflicting representations of
1275:
Beginning in the nineteenth century, effort on the part of evangelical scholars and writers was expended in opposing theories of historical critical scholars. Evangelicals at the time accused the 'higher critics' of representing their dogmas as indisputable facts. Bygone churchmen such as
1328:
pushed back against the judgements of historical critics. Some of these counter-views still have support in the more conservative evangelical circles today. There has never been a centralised stance on historical criticism, and
Protestant denominations divided over the issue (e.g.
799:
Historical-critical methods are the specific procedures used to examine the text's historical origins, such as the time and place in which the text was written, its sources, and the events, dates, persons, places, things, and customs that are mentioned or implied in the text.
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2057:: Synoptic Gospels Primer: introduction to the history of literary analysis of the Greek gospels, and aids in confronting the range of factors that need to be taken into consideration in accounting for the literary relationship of the first three gospels.
882:, higher criticism can confirm or challenge the traditional or received understanding of authorship. Higher criticism understands the New Testament texts within a historical context: that is, that they are not adamantine but writings that express the
5537:
766:
Historical criticism began in the 17th century and gained popular recognition in the 19th and 20th centuries. The perspective of the early historical critic was influenced by the rejection of traditional interpretations that came about with the
1885:
personally or through reputation) virtually every senior (and many junior) scholar at those places. These scholars pretty much all toe the line that I indicate: about John, 1 Timothy, the dating of the
Gospels, and most other critical issues."
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1097:(1792–1860), and Wellhausen (1844–1918). In academic circles, it now is the body of work properly considered "higher criticism", but the phrase is sometimes applied to earlier or later work using similar methods.
1265:
Historical study... can be either critical or noncritical; and critical study can be historical or nonhistorical. This suggests that the term "historical-critical method" is an awkward hybrid and might better be
843:. Historical critics compare texts to any extant contemporaneous textual artifacts, i.e., other texts written around the same time. An example is that modern biblical scholarship has attempted to understand the
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Redaction criticism studies "the collection, arrangement, editing and modification of sources" and is frequently used to reconstruct the community and purposes of the authors of the text.
1043:, stories), which are analyzed and categorized by genres (prose or verse, letters, laws, court archives, war hymns, poems of lament etc.). The form critic then theorizes on the pericope's
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is now recognised to be so deeply questionable as to render tradition history largely useless, but form criticism itself continues to develop as a viable methodology in biblical studies.
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method of biblical interpretation has been preferred by evangelicals, but is not held by the preponderance of contemporary scholars affiliated to major universities.
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1124:(1804–1872), analyzed in the mid-19th century the historical records of the Middle East from biblical times, in search of independent confirmation of events in the
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The primary goal of historical criticism is to discover the text's primitive or original meaning in its original historical context and its literal sense or
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Source criticism is the search for the original sources which lie behind a given biblical text. It can be traced back to the 17th century French priest
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The phrase "higher criticism" became popular in Europe from the mid-18th century to the early 20th century to describe the work of such scholars as
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The sense of the historical-critical method involves an application of both a critical and a historical reading of a text. To read a text critically
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Is the Higher
Criticism Scholarly? Clearly Attested Facts Showing That the Destructive "Assured Results of Modern Scholarship" Are Indefensible
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1814:...the movement of higher criticism which Spinoza initiated has made into platitudes the propositions for which Spinoza risked his life.
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argues that the term "historical-critical method" conflates two nonidentical distinctions, and prefers the term "Biblical criticism":
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1215:. Two of the authors were indicted for heresy and lost their jobs by 1862, but in 1864, they had the judgement overturned on appeal.
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have also been met with strong criticism and indifference by mainstream scholars. Such positions are nowadays confined to the minor
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Evangelical
Christians have often partly attributed the decline of the Christian faith (i.e. declining church attendance, fewer
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Oliver, Isaac (2023). "The
Historical-Critical Study of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Scriptures". In Dye, Guillame (ed.).
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1010:(1878), whose "insight and clarity of expression have left their mark indelibly on modern biblical studies."
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2101:"From the Divine Oracle to Higher Criticism" from The Warfare of Science With Theology by Andrew White, 1896
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771:. With each passing century, historical criticism became refined into various methodologies used today:
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in
Article XVI affirms traditional inerrancy, but not as a response to 'negative higher criticism.'
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theologians began the process of incorporating this historical criticism into
Christian doctrine in
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1507:(3rd ed., rev. and expanded. ed.). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 78.
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The Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the Great Philosophers of the Western World
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1205:, causing a five-year storm of controversy, which completely overshadowed the arguments over
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1915:"D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones on the Authority of Scripture—We Must Choose Between Two Positions"
1537:. The new Edinburgh Islamic surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 2–5.
759:, the term "higher criticism" was commonly used in mainstream scholarship in contrast to "
8:
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2018:
American Catholic Biblical Scholarship: A History from the Early Republic to Vatican II
1833:
1670:
1428:
1405:
1362:
1354:
1342:
1325:
1223:(1823–1892), continued in the same tradition as Strauss and Feuerbach. In Catholicism,
1201:
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433:
252:
146:
136:
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979:
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215:
1637:. Continuum guides for the perplexed. London New York: Continuum. pp. viii–ix.
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1047:("setting in life"), the setting in which it was composed and, especially, used.
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1024:, an explanation for the relationship of the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke.
967:
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63:
34:
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On the other hand, attempts to revive the extreme historical criticism of the
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1109:
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106:
101:
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896:
Historical criticism has also been applied to other religious writings from
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314:
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120:
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27:
Branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text
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2117:
Library of latest modern books of biblical studies and biblical criticism
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1895:
Lewis, Clive Staples (1969). "Modern Theology and Biblical Criticism".
1377:
rejected the historical-critical hermeneutical method as evangelicals.
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Dictionary of the history of Ideas: Modernism in the Christian Church
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2039:. Philadelphia: The Sunday School Times, 1922. 62 pp.; reprinted in
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3092:
3040:
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1196:
901:
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Catholic Encyclopedia article (1908) "Biblical Criticism (Higher)"
1116:(1768–1834), the next generation, which included scholars such as
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2857:
2807:
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2647:
2191:
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886:(what is handed down). The truth lies in the historical context.
859:
504:
304:
90:
2090:
1688:, p. 6. Campbell renames source criticism as "origin criticism".
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1977:
Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth
1875:
https://ehrmanblog.org/how-do-we-know-what-most-scholars-think/
499:
282:
962:
Historical criticism comprises several disciplines, including
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80:
42:
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2096:"Historical Criticism and the Evangelical" by Grant Osborne
2071:
Catholic Encyclopedia article "Biblical Criticism (Higher)"
1792:. A Touchstone book. New York: Simon and Schuster. p.
1635:
The historical-critical method: a guide for the perplexed
847:
in its 1st-century historical context by identifying its
5295:
1502:
1251:(1884–1976) have used higher criticism of the Bible to "
1074:
Historical criticism as applied to the Bible began with
6589:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
2032:
by Raymond E. Brown, S.S., and Joseph A. Fitzmyer, S.J.
1763:"Religious Studies Department, Santa Clara University"
1100:"Higher criticism" originally referred to the work of
817:
By contrast, to read a text historically would mean to
6881:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
954:": Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings
5729:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
2151:
1560:
Early Islam: The Sectarian Milieu of Late Antiquity?
1039:
Form criticism breaks the Bible down into sections (
5689:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
5547:
3329:
1785:
1000:, and its most influential product is undoubtedly
831:Application of the historical-critical method, in
6347:
7057:
1675:Preparatory Issues in Approaching Biblical Texts
1128:. The latter scholars built on the tradition of
6913:
3156:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1503:Soulen, Richard N.; Soulen, R. Kendall (2001).
1852:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
1573:
1571:
1569:
1535:The Qur'an: a historical-critical introduction
1498:
1496:
6737:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6607:Western European colonialism and colonization
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5067:
1865:, Westminster John Knox Press (2007), p. 39.
5170:
1566:
1493:
5163:
5149:
2670:
2656:
2144:
2130:
2066:From the Divine Oracle to Higher Criticism
1943:
723:
709:
5792:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2172:Historical-critical exegesis of the Bible
2020:, Harper & Row, San Francisco, 1989,
1946:"Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy"
1270:
1219:(1863), the seminal work by a Frenchman,
7011:Historical geographic information system
3777:
2091:Teaching Bible based on Higher Criticism
1562:. Editions de l'Universite de Bruxelles.
1108:. After the groundbreaking work on the
1012:
919:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1391:Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy
14:
7058:
6651:English historical school of economics
4703:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
2757:
1973:
1780:
1617:
1577:
1557:
1055:
878:. In some cases, such as with several
804:"Historical" and "critical" approaches
6967:
6912:
6847:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6686:Historical reliability of the Gospels
6544:
6071:
5144:
5133:
3776:
3519:
3283:
2922:
2756:
2651:
2125:
1894:
1597:(1st ed.). New York: Doubleday.
1532:
7039:
5134:
4664:More Irish than the Irish themselves
2600:
2495:Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy
1925:from the original on 23 October 2021
1819:
1699:"BibleDudes: Biblical Studies: Form"
1592:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1454:Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy
1331:Fundamentalist-Modernist controversy
5734:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
2923:
2630:
1632:
992:Source criticism (biblical studies)
985:
24:
6747:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4691:Fourth Italian War of Independence
2677:
2077:Dictionary of the history of Ideas
1247:(1902–61). Some scholars, such as
1007:Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels
862:, higher criticism deals with the
25:
7082:
2436:Annales de philosophie chrétienne
2048:
1521:
1167:Such ideas influenced thought in
1028:
7038:
7029:
7028:
6545:
6045:
6044:
5886:Palestinian expulsion and flight
4398:5000-year civilization assertion
3974:Nadir of American race relations
2629:
2620:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2581:
2569:
2153:Modernism in the Catholic Church
2043:29, no. 9 (4 March 1991): 11–14.
1863:The Nature of Biblical Criticism
1686:The Hebrew Bible in Modern Study
915:
835:, investigates the books of the
692:
49:
6875:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5749:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5684:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
5491:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3800:Pyramid construction techniques
3367:Comparative historical research
3284:
2985:Library and information science
1994:from the original on 2022-08-08
1967:
1956:from the original on 2023-01-22
1950:duncanstreetbaptistchurch.co.uk
1944:Baptist Church, Duncan Street.
1937:
1907:
1888:
1868:
1855:
1846:
1773:
1755:
1744:from the original on 2021-11-19
1728:"Review of Biblical Literature"
1720:
1709:from the original on 2011-09-28
1691:
1622:. John Knox. pp. 108, 190.
1418:and other fringe publications.
688:Outline of Bible-related topics
6887:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6837:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6646:Historical school of economics
6583:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
6021:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5895:Zionism as settler colonialism
4900:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3867:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
2360:Pontifical Biblical Commission
2187:Quest for the historical Jesus
1974:Ehrman, Bart D. (2012-03-20).
1664:
1651:
1626:
1620:Handbook of Biblical Criticism
1611:
1586:
1580:Handbook of Biblical Criticism
1551:
1505:Handbook of biblical criticism
826:
397:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
13:
1:
6696:Opposition to Papal supremacy
6072:
3884:Indigenous population history
2414:José de Calasanz Vives y Tutó
2113:, link to articles in English
1481:
1459:Historical-grammatical method
1179:'s translations of Strauss's
943:includes most of Deuteronomy
791:, and related methodologies.
524:Historical-grammatical method
6612:Desacralization of knowledge
4883:Carlism in the Francoist era
4851:Holodomor in modern politics
3520:
2394:Twenty-four Thomistic theses
1486:
1243:of Renan, gave birth to the
1175:and, in particular, through
7:
7004:Historiographic metafiction
6968:
6914:Organizations, publications
6703:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5653:German resistance to Nazism
5509:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4919:Islamic revolution of Spain
4846:Holodomor genocide question
4722:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4716:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4697:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
4464:Self-Strengthening Movement
3614:decolonization of knowledge
2061:Journal of Higher Criticism
1618:Soulen, Richard N. (2001).
1578:Soulen, Richard N. (2001).
1464:Journal of Higher Criticism
1421:
1415:Journal of Higher Criticism
1227:(1902), the magnum opus by
1189:The Essence of Christianity
1160:(1770–1831) and the French
936:includes most of Leviticus
752:sensus literalis historicus
10:
7087:
6801:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6778:Criticism of Protestantism
5658:Nazi foreign policy debate
5089:Second colonial occupation
4836:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
4474:Tibetan sovereignty debate
4018:Progressive-era historians
3453:Nationalization of history
3404:Historical-critical method
2419:Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange
2079:– Modernism and the Church
2009:
1069:
1059:
1032:
989:
946:
939:
851:with Jewish and Christian
794:
740:historical-critical method
519:Allegorical interpretation
7023:
6974:
6963:
6919:
6908:
6857:
6661:
6620:
6551:
6540:
6396:
6082:
6078:
6067:
6039:
6008:
5972:
5866:
5820:
5806:Second Sino-Japanese War
5784:
5714:
5666:
5628:
5588:
5464:
5286:
5205:
5181:
5140:
5129:
5105:
5003:
4970:
4861:
4785:
4742:
4683:
4648:
4620:
4611:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
4555:
4482:
4388:
4316:
4030:
3959:
3892:
3854:
3787:
3783:
3772:
3597:
3530:
3526:
3515:
3292:
3279:
3106:
2973:
2935:
2931:
2918:
2795:
2769:
2765:
2752:
2685:
2564:
2503:
2485:
2427:
2326:
2205:
2159:
2016:Gerald P. Fogarty, S.J.
1595:Catholic Bible dictionary
1593:Hahn, Scott, ed. (2009).
1104:biblical scholars of the
1091:Johann Gottfried Eichhorn
6561:Crisis of historiography
5724:Auschwitz bombing debate
5410:Indian Rebellion of 1857
5261:Late Bronze Age collapse
5195:List of military museums
4798:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4770:Polish People's Republic
4605:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3969:African-American history
3942:Colonial Spanish America
3731:Second Thirty Years' War
2457:Revue du clergé français
2378:Pascendi Dominici gregis
1582:. John Knox. p. 79.
1212:On the Origin of Species
1114:Friedrich Schleiermacher
1095:Ferdinand Christian Baur
409:Novum Testamentum Graece
211:Composition of the Torah
5674:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
5533:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5084:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4841:Causes of the Holodomor
4378:Problem of two emperors
4326:Catilinarian conspiracy
3553:Historical significance
3414:Indiscipline of history
3389:Historical anthropology
2588:Vatican City portal
1836:, HarperCollins, 2009.
1784:(1961) . "4: Spinoza".
1533:Sinai, Nicolai (2017).
1387:Protestant Christianity
1233:Essence of Christianity
1192:(1854). In 1860, seven
1186:(1846) and Feuerbach's
1173:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1118:David Friedrich Strauss
763:" (textual criticism).
6768:Protestant Reformation
6742:Second Vatican Council
6720:Succession to Muhammad
6715:Criticism of the Quran
6466:Religious perspectives
6200:Klemens von Metternich
5797:"Battle for Australia"
5679:Soviet offensive plans
5648:Broad vs. narrow front
5487:Late Ottoman genocides
4420:Century of humiliation
4201:Goguryeo controversies
4179:2,500-year celebration
3837:Double genocide theory
3624:Historical negationism
3448:Ancestral civilisation
3436:Historical materialism
3394:Historical determinism
3344:History of mentalities
2576:Catholicism portal
2384:Oath Against Modernism
2371:Lamentabili sane exitu
1633:Law, David R. (2012).
1449:Documentary hypothesis
1339:historical-grammatical
1271:Evangelical objections
1268:
1225:L'Evangile et l'Eglise
1025:
959:
926:Documentary Hypothesis
866:, the relations among
853:apocalyptic literature
824:
815:
769:Protestant Reformation
672:Criticism of the Bible
415:Documentary hypothesis
6892:Torsion mangonel myth
6795:Modern Jewish history
6790:Jesuit historiography
6783:Protestant work ethic
6763:Hesychast controversy
6628:Industrial Revolution
6578:Library of Alexandria
6496:The Lord of the Rings
6146:Constantine the Great
6026:Torsion mangonel myth
5958:Sri Lankan Civil War
5037:Storm over the gentry
4938:Colonies or Provinces
4469:Sprouts of capitalism
3543:Historic preservation
3538:Change and continuity
2278:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
2268:Lucien Laberthonnière
1897:BYU Studies Quarterly
1769:on February 28, 2006.
1661:(1985), Introduction.
1335:Downgrade controversy
1314:John William McGarvey
1298:Edward Hartley Dewart
1263:
1022:two-source hypothesis
1016:
923:
819:
810:
425:NT textual categories
6979:Commemorative plaque
6195:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5643:"Blitzkrieg" concept
5514:Powder keg of Europe
5389:Franco-Prussian War
5059:Winter of Discontent
5042:Suffragette Campaign
4709:Italiani brava gente
4675:Revolutionary period
4497:Frankish Interregnum
4430:"Chineseness" debate
4363:Byzantine succession
4348:Fall of Western Rome
4289:Executed Renaissance
3778:By country or region
3722:Age of Enlightenment
3696:Vaticinium ex eventu
3643:Modernisation theory
3477:Quantitative history
2853:Historical documents
2409:Rafael Merry del Val
2308:Dalmace Sertillanges
2288:Eudoxe Irénée Mignot
2035:Robert Dick Wilson.
1398:Dutch Radical School
1357:, Robert L. Thomas,
1171:through the work of
1087:Johann Salomo Semler
952:Deuteronomic history
736:Historical criticism
372:Internal consistency
278:Samaritan Pentateuch
6808:Schools of thought
6773:Proto-Protestantism
6642:School of Thoughts
6524:William Shakespeare
6509:Robert Falcon Scott
6414:Friedrich Nietzsche
6252:Cult of personality
6237:Neville Chamberlain
6097:Alexander the Great
5979:Russo-Georgian War
5952:Sovereignty dispute
5931:Iranian Revolution
5761:"Polish death camp"
5738:In relation to the
5447:Myth of English aid
5438:War of the Pacific
5215:Albigensian Crusade
4640:Indigenous Aryanism
4336:Constantinian shift
3872:Residential schools
3629:Historian's fallacy
3548:Historic recurrence
3046:Numismatics (Money)
2818:Archaeological site
2742:theories of history
2263:Friedrich von Hügel
1735:www.bookreviews.org
1282:William Henry Green
1209:'s newly published
1062:Redaction criticism
1056:Redaction criticism
976:tradition criticism
972:redaction criticism
789:canonical criticism
785:tradition criticism
781:redaction criticism
738:(also known as the
206:New Testament canon
201:Old Testament canon
129:Chapters and verses
7071:Literary criticism
7066:Biblical criticism
6999:Historical realism
6994:Historical fiction
6939:History institutes
6929:Historical society
6924:Heritage registers
6812:Biblical criticism
6725:Islamic golden age
6676:Early Christianity
6556:Bears in antiquity
6444:Medieval Christian
6242:Pedro II of Brazil
6190:José de San Martín
5994:Syrian revolution
5906:Malayan Emergency
5881:1948 Palestine war
5614:Spanish Civil War
5564:War guilt question
5373:American Civil War
5353:Invasion of Russia
5329:New Russian School
5113:Colonial Australia
4829:October Revolution
4592:Strukturgeschichte
4528:Location of Alésia
4447:Hua–Yi distinction
4368:Moscow, third Rome
3984:Reconstruction era
3805:Black Egypt Thesis
3727:European Civil War
3683:Translatio imperii
3638:Invented tradition
2759:Historical sources
2556:Christoph Theobald
2536:François Laplanche
2443:La Justice sociale
2349:Syllabus of Errors
2177:Biblical inerrancy
2055:Rutgers University
1980:. Harper Collins.
1880:2021-07-30 at the
1834:Jesus, Interrupted
1680:2007-09-28 at the
1671:Antony F. Campbell
1429:Biblical criticism
1406:Darrell J. Doughty
1363:William J. Abraham
1355:Martyn Lloyd-Jones
1343:Gleason Archer Jr.
1202:Essays and Reviews
1026:
960:
845:Book of Revelation
757:Biblical criticism
677:Biblical authority
558:Capital punishment
434:Biblical criticism
403:Rahlfs' Septuagint
107:New Testament (NT)
102:Old Testament (OT)
7053:
7052:
7019:
7018:
6959:
6958:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6817:Catholic theology
6671:Avestan geography
6536:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6519:Søren Kierkegaard
6392:
6391:
6303:Warren G. Harding
6063:
6062:
6059:
6058:
5862:
5861:
5740:Armenian genocide
5603:Polish–Soviet War
5598:Burning of Smyrna
5584:
5583:
5574:Reichstag inquiry
5497:Patriotic consent
5368:
5367:
5343:War in the Vendée
5307:French Revolution
5289:century conflicts
5278:Peloponnesian War
5239:Eighty Years' War
5125:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5030:Westminster Stone
4727:Southern question
4566:Alltagsgeschichte
4516:Legendary Saracen
4218:Early settlements
4026:
4025:
4006:Political history
3991:Consensus history
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3750:Continuity thesis
3689:Translatio studii
3575:Theory of history
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3465:Subaltern Studies
3350:Nouvelle histoire
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3187:Medieval churches
3174:Geistesgeschichte
3118:Paleoanthropology
3026:Encyclopaedistics
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2782:Secondary sources
2645:
2644:
2546:Jean-Marie Mayeur
2526:Étienne Fouilloux
2511:Giuseppe Alberigo
2389:Sodalitium Pianum
2248:Antonio Fogazzaro
2238:Ernesto Buonaiuti
2167:Biblical exegesis
2111:Radical criticism
1987:978-0-06-208994-6
1644:978-0-567-11130-2
1604:978-0-385-51229-9
1544:978-0-7486-9576-8
1471:(lower criticism)
1469:Textual criticism
1353:, Gerhard Maier,
1316:, David MacDill,
1286:William M. Ramsay
1237:Adolf von Harnack
1136:thinkers such as
1049:Tradition history
1020:: diagram of the
1002:Julius Wellhausen
980:radical criticism
958:
957:
891:classical studies
858:In regard to the
733:
732:
548:Conspiracy theory
477:
476:
216:Mosaic authorship
16:(Redirected from
7078:
7042:
7041:
7032:
7031:
6984:Documentary film
6965:
6964:
6944:History journals
6910:
6909:
6883:
6755:
6691:Primacy of Peter
6638:Great Depression
6618:
6617:
6591:
6569:
6542:
6541:
6490:J. R. R. Tolkien
6345:
6344:
6340:
6328:
6316:
6298:Ulysses S. Grant
6293:Thomas Jefferson
6284:
6260:
6223:
6186:
6174:
6142:
6130:
6122:Chiang Ching-kuo
6112:Cato the Younger
6102:Amin al-Husseini
6080:
6079:
6069:
6068:
6048:
6047:
6031:War and genocide
5855:
5841:Résistancialisme
5828:Battle of France
5810:Nanjing Massacre
5664:
5663:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5505:
5455:
5337:
5320:
5293:
5292:
5220:Catharism debate
5206:pre-18th century
5188:Military history
5165:
5158:
5151:
5142:
5141:
5135:By war, conflict
5131:
5130:
5079:Cambridge School
5065:
5064:
4963:
4951:
4927:
4908:
4818:
4806:
4778:
4600:
4578:Historikerstreit
4548:
4536:
4524:
4505:
4491:Cordon sanitaire
4437:New Qing History
4425:Conquest dynasty
4416:
4331:Christianization
4314:
4313:
4233:
4146:
4134:
4122:
4100:
4088:
4080:Byzantine Empire
3935:Iquicha Royalism
3924:
3890:
3889:
3813:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3773:
3717:Age of Discovery
3706:Periodization of
3703:
3702:
3677:Transhistoricity
3672:Thirty-year rule
3583:
3571:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3497:Great Man theory
3460:People's history
3422:
3327:
3326:
3319:Three-age system
3281:
3280:
2981:Archival science
2933:
2932:
2920:
2919:
2787:Tertiary sources
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2703:by area of study
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2228:Joseph Bonsirven
2182:Synoptic problem
2146:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1886:
1872:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1828:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1791:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1765:. Archived from
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1695:
1689:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1530:
1519:
1518:
1500:
1475:Synoptic problem
1410:Hermann Detering
1359:F. David Farnell
1326:Robert D. Wilson
1322:Charles Spurgeon
1302:William B. Boyce
1294:Alfred Blomfield
1245:modernist crisis
1239:(1851–1930) and
1150:Gotthold Lessing
1122:Ludwig Feuerbach
1120:(1808–1874) and
1018:Source criticism
986:Source criticism
964:source criticism
930:
929:
880:Pauline epistles
864:synoptic problem
833:biblical studies
773:source criticism
744:higher criticism
725:
718:
711:
699:Bible portal
697:
696:
695:
420:Synoptic problem
344:
343:
339:Biblical studies
268:Dead Sea scrolls
229:Petrine epistles
224:Pauline epistles
53:
30:
29:
21:
18:Higher criticism
7086:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7075:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7015:
6970:
6955:
6915:
6896:
6879:
6862:
6853:
6749:
6657:
6633:Great Recession
6616:
6587:
6563:
6547:
6528:
6419:H. P. Lovecraft
6388:
6350:
6343:
6334:
6322:
6310:
6278:
6254:
6227:Muammar Gaddafi
6217:
6205:Leonid Brezhnev
6180:
6168:
6151:Gregory Palamas
6136:
6134:Chiang Kai Shek
6124:
6084:
6074:
6055:
6054:
6035:
6016:Conflict thesis
6004:
5968:
5858:
5849:
5816:
5780:
5710:
5662:
5624:
5590:Interwar period
5580:
5550:
5543:
5535:
5519:Schlieffen Plan
5499:
5460:
5449:
5364:
5331:
5314:
5299:
5288:
5282:
5266:Dorian invasion
5251:Fall of Babylon
5207:
5201:
5200:
5177:
5169:
5136:
5117:
5093:
5070:
5063:
5025:Kingdom of Alba
5006:
4999:
4966:
4957:
4945:
4943:Spanish decline
4921:
4902:
4857:
4812:
4800:
4781:
4772:
4738:
4679:
4644:
4630:Greater Magadha
4616:
4594:
4551:
4542:
4530:
4518:
4499:
4478:
4452:Four Barbarians
4410:
4384:
4312:
4269:Götaland theory
4237:Lusotropicalism
4227:
4208:North Macedonia
4140:
4128:
4116:
4094:
4082:
4022:
4001:Frontier thesis
3996:Cyclical theory
3979:Neoabolitionism
3955:
3918:
3888:
3850:
3827:Greater Morocco
3807:
3779:
3756:
3707:
3701:
3593:
3577:
3565:
3522:
3503:
3416:
3331:
3325:
3307:Historical eras
3288:
3267:
3102:
2999:Writing systems
2969:
2927:
2925:Fields of study
2906:
2900:Service records
2885:Religious texts
2791:
2777:Primary sources
2761:
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2531:Maurilio Guasco
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2404:Umberto Benigni
2328:
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2223:Maurice Blondel
2218:Pierre Batiffol
2213:Prosper Alfaric
2201:
2197:Social doctrine
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1434:Biblical genres
1424:
1402:Robert M. Price
1312:, D. K. Paton,
1273:
1249:Rudolf Bultmann
1241:La Vie de Jesus
1217:La Vie de Jésus
1154:Gottlieb Fichte
1106:Tübingen School
1072:
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1058:
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924:Diagram of the
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839:as well as the
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761:lower criticism
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5481:Fischer thesis
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5348:Napoleonic era
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5312:Pre-revolution
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5175:historiography
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4750:Golden Liberty
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4732:Neo-Bourbonism
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4043:Dealbanisation
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3907:May Revolution
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3877:Staples thesis
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3709:modern history
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45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7083:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7045:
7037:
7035:
7027:
7026:
7022:
7012:
7009:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6966:
6962:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6911:
6907:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6870:Merton thesis
6868:
6867:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6822:Panbabylonism
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6753:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6543:
6539:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6385:
6384:United States
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6346:
6338:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6264:Bolivarianism
6262:
6258:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6247:Simon Bolivar
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6179:
6178:Joseph Stalin
6176:
6172:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6081:
6077:
6070:
6066:
6051:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6007:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5973:Post-Cold War
5971:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5947:Falklands War
5945:
5943:
5942:Iran–Iraq War
5940:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5890:Ongoing Nakba
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5853:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:Western Front
5819:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5802:Bengal famine
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5716:The Holocaust
5713:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:Eastern Front
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5539:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5453:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5398:Paris Commune
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:Turning point
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5335:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5287:18th and 19th
5285:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5232:Islamic views
5230:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5154:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5128:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5002:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4955:Ser de España
4953:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4925:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4546:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Ottoman claim
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Prosopography
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4307:
4306:Trưng sisters
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4053:Habsburg myth
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3961:United States
3958:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3894:Latin America
3891:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3771:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Transnational
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:Decoloniality
3375:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:Historiometry
3356:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:Periodization
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Sigillography
3086:
3084:
3083:Prosopography
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:Local history
2958:
2954:
2953:Human history
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:World history
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2636:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2477:
2476:Marc Sangnier
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:Temps présent
2461:
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2355:Pope Leo XIII
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2346:
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2325:
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2259:
2258:Albert Houtin
2256:
2254:
2253:Marcel Hébert
2251:
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2246:
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2241:
2239:
2236:
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2233:Henri Brémond
2231:
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2042:
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2027:
2026:0-06-062666-6
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1919:Albert Mohler
1916:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1861:John Barton,
1858:
1849:
1843:
1842:0-06-117393-2
1839:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1805:
1803:9780671201593
1799:
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1514:0-664-22314-1
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1440:
1439:Close reading
1437:
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1417:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
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1375:Scott W. Hahn
1372:
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1267:
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1253:demythologize
1250:
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1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Immanuel Kant
1143:
1140:(1632–1704),
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Enlightenment
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:New Testament
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1093:(1752–1827),
1092:
1089:(1725–1791),
1088:
1085:(1684–1766),
1084:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:Sitz im Leben
1042:
1036:
1023:
1019:
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1009:
1008:
1003:
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998:Richard Simon
993:
983:
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969:
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953:
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940:
935:
932:
931:
927:
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916:Methodologies
913:
911:
907:
903:
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894:
892:
887:
885:
881:
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869:
865:
861:
856:
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841:New Testament
838:
834:
823:
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809:
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707:
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689:
686:
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675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
664:Infallibility
662:
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619:
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563:Homosexuality
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36:
32:
31:
19:
6799:
6601:The Simpsons
6599:
6546:Other topics
6494:
6471:Christianity
6461:Resurrection
6092:Adolf Hitler
5921:Six-Day War
5917:Algerian War
5888: /
5847:Vichy France
5839:
5832:
5742: /
5630:World War II
5526: /
5193:
5186:
4988:Ghaza thesis
4911:
4887:
4873:White legend
4871: /
4869:Black legend
4824:Soviet Union
4714:
4707:
4695:
4658:Great Famine
4635:Indocentrism
4609:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4564:
4510:Grand Siècle
4508:
4489:
4457:Sinocentrism
4318:Ancient Rome
4298:
4156:Aryan Kartli
4154:
3946:
3909: /
3843:
3740:19th century
3738: /
3729: /
3694:
3687:
3686: /
3681:
3657:
3631: /
3605:Black legend
3563:Historiology
3403:
3360: /
3348:
3311:
3249:Quantitative
3172:
3168:Intellectual
3134: /
3130: /
3116: /
3114:Anthropology
3068:Phaleristics
3061:preservation
3056:Oral history
2997: /
2983: /
2965:Microhistory
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2701: /
2697:
2690:
2551:Émile Poulat
2521:Avery Dulles
2516:Pierre Colin
2469:
2462:
2455:
2450:La Quinzaine
2448:
2441:
2434:
2428:Publications
2399:Louis Billot
2376:
2369:
2347:
2340:
2336:Pope Pius IX
2293:Romolo Murri
2283:Alfred Loisy
2171:
2084:
2076:
2040:
2036:
2030:Nihil obstat
2029:
2017:
1996:. Retrieved
1976:
1969:
1958:. Retrieved
1949:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1848:
1813:
1807:. Retrieved
1787:
1782:Durant, Will
1775:
1767:the original
1757:
1746:. Retrieved
1734:
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1702:
1693:
1685:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1579:
1559:
1553:
1534:
1504:
1413:
1395:
1379:
1367:J. I. Packer
1306:John Langtry
1274:
1264:
1257:
1240:
1232:
1231:against the
1229:Alfred Loisy
1224:
1221:Ernest Renan
1216:
1210:
1200:
1187:
1181:The Life of
1180:
1177:George Eliot
1166:
1162:rationalists
1099:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1005:
995:
961:
951:
906:Confucianism
895:
888:
883:
857:
837:Hebrew Bible
830:
820:
816:
811:
807:
798:
765:
750:
748:
743:
739:
735:
734:
631:Perspectives
492:Hermeneutics
443:
407:
395:
315:Luther Bible
310:Gothic Bible
299:Vetus Latina
297:
253:Translations
193:Hebrew canon
121:Antilegomena
116:Deuterocanon
6989:Hagiography
6750: [
6710:Early Islam
6564: [
6456:Historicity
6434:Historicity
6424:Jane Austen
6404:The Beatles
6374:Netherlands
6335: [
6332:Zhuge Liang
6323: [
6311: [
6308:Yuan Shikai
6279: [
6276:Sun Yat Tse
6255: [
6218: [
6181: [
6169: [
6166:Jiang Zemin
6137: [
6125: [
6117:Che Guevara
5850: [
5785:Pacific War
5569:Article 231
5559:Reparations
5536: [
5500: [
5477:Color books
5466:World War I
5450: [
5427:War of 1812
5332: [
5315: [
5300:(1792–1815)
5271:Sea Peoples
5256:Gallic Wars
4958: [
4946: [
4933:Revisionist
4922: [
4913:Reconquista
4903: [
4895:Inquisition
4889:Convivencia
4813: [
4801: [
4773: [
4670:Revisionism
4595: [
4543: [
4531: [
4519: [
4500: [
4442:Golden ages
4411: [
4408:Wunu School
4403:Archaeology
4276:Switzerland
4259:Kosovo Myth
4247:Great Union
4228: [
4213:Philippines
4196:Nationalist
4169:Ages of Man
4141: [
4129: [
4117: [
4095: [
4083: [
3919: [
3916:Revisionist
3808: [
3745:Renaissance
3610:Coloniality
3578: [
3566: [
3558:Historicity
3482:Revisionist
3472:Pop history
3443:Nationalist
3417: [
3362:Cliometrics
3330:Approaches,
3286:Methodology
3182:Linguistics
3132:Environment
3098:Vexillology
3021:Diplomatics
3004:Chorography
2943:Big History
2895:War diaries
2868:Illuminated
2863:Manuscripts
2848:Hieroglyphs
2728:historicity
2635:WikiProject
2488:equivalents
2365:Pope Pius X
2342:Quanta cura
2298:Maude Petre
1444:Diplomatics
1382:conversions
1371:G. K. Beale
1351:C. S. Lewis
1347:O. T. Allis
1337:etc.). The
1310:Dyson Hague
1259:John Barton
1134:Rationalist
1083:Jean Astruc
827:Application
529:Inspiration
367:Historicity
325:by language
257:manuscripts
7060:Categories
7044:Multimedia
6863:Technology
6827:Urreligion
6730:Kharijites
6681:Background
6349:Historical
6320:Zhou Enlai
6215:Mao Zedong
6210:Louis Riel
5983:Background
5834:Guilty Men
5776:Uniqueness
5699:Background
5694:Winter War
5618:Background
5551:Versailles
5405:Great Game
5052:Ricardians
5047:Tudor myth
4765:Partitions
4358:Succession
3648:Narratives
3633:Presentism
3589:Philosophy
3409:Humanistic
3297:Case study
3229:Indigenous
3207:Diplomatic
3151:Capitalism
3051:Onomastics
3009:Chronology
2838:Facsimiles
2823:Chronicles
2721:historians
2692:Historians
2541:René Marlé
2504:Historians
2486:Protestant
1998:2021-11-17
1960:2023-01-22
1929:23 October
1809:2017-07-23
1748:2021-11-19
1713:2008-03-02
1482:References
1318:J. C. Ryle
1142:David Hume
1138:John Locke
534:Literalism
444:Historical
351:Archeology
288:Septuagint
183:Authorship
171:Authorship
6832:Perennial
6621:Economics
6573:Feudalism
6359:Australia
6107:Aurangzeb
6083:Political
6073:By person
5754:Pius Wars
5549:Treaty of
5208:conflicts
5015:Poor Laws
4878:Hispanism
4755:Sarmatism
4585:Sonderweg
4343:Expansion
4068:Litvinism
3902:Argentina
3736:Long 18th
3619:Dark Ages
3399:Historism
3197:Political
3136:Geography
3073:Philology
3036:Genealogy
3031:Epigraphy
2974:By source
2813:Artifacts
2625:Templates
2471:Le Sillon
1779:Compare:
1657:Burkert,
1487:Citations
1278:James Orr
1041:pericopes
659:Inerrancy
469:Canonical
464:Redaction
356:Artifacts
137:Apocrypha
66:and books
7034:Category
6949:template
6663:Religion
6514:Socrates
6429:Muhammed
6351:rankings
6232:Napoleon
6050:Category
5868:Cold War
5771:Slovakia
5358:Waterloo
5227:Crusades
5172:Military
5020:Scotland
4978:Kemalist
4300:Nam tiến
4295:Vietnam
4285:Ukraine
4243:Romania
4225:Portugal
4151:Georgia
4126:Medieval
4075:Bulgaria
4064:Belarus
4049:Austria
3855:Americas
3823:Morocco
3819:Ethiopia
3598:Specific
3521:Concepts
3426:Leninist
3384:Feminist
3372:Critical
3219:Feminism
3192:Military
3146:Business
3141:Economic
3123:Cultural
3107:By topic
3093:Toponymy
3041:Heraldry
2989:template
2936:By scale
2858:Logbooks
2843:Features
2808:Archives
2615:Category
2329:reaction
1992:Archived
1954:Archived
1923:Archived
1878:Archived
1739:Archived
1707:Archived
1678:Archived
1422:See also
1266:avoided.
1197:Anglican
902:Buddhism
898:Hinduism
884:traditio
608:Violence
593:Serpents
583:Prophecy
578:Muhammad
293:Peshitta
283:Targumim
35:a series
33:Part of
6969:Related
6859:Science
6504:Madonna
6476:Judaism
6439:Judaism
6271:Saladin
6161:Hypatia
6085:leaders
6009:Related
5962:Origins
5925:Origins
5876:Origins
5432:Origins
5378:Origins
5244:Origins
5106:Oceania
5069:British
5007:Kingdom
4650:Ireland
4557:Germany
4265:Sweden
4138:New Age
4114:Ancient
4110:Europe
4106:Croatia
4038:Albania
4031:Eurasia
3833:Rwanda
3531:General
3431:Marxist
3332:schools
3161:Thought
3128:Ecology
2890:Scrolls
2828:Codices
2796:Sources
2735:history
2712:History
2192:Thomism
2010:Sources
1673:, SJ, "
1194:liberal
1169:England
1070:History
868:Matthew
860:Gospels
795:Methods
648:Quranic
643:Islamic
638:Gnostic
613:Warfare
603:Slavery
543:Alcohol
505:Midrash
449:Textual
305:Vulgate
91:Ketuvim
86:Nevi'im
6595:Salons
6397:Others
6364:Canada
5998:Causes
5935:Causes
5910:Causes
5704:Spirit
5638:Causes
5608:Causes
5473:Causes
5442:Causes
5415:Causes
5393:Causes
5324:Causes
5071:Empire
5005:United
4971:Turkey
4786:Russia
4760:Deluge
4743:Poland
4483:France
4281:Taiwan
4254:Serbia
4060:Balhae
3911:Causes
3862:Canada
3796:Egypt
3789:Africa
3313:Tarikh
3234:Labour
3224:Gender
3214:Social
3014:dating
2880:Papyri
2803:Annals
2206:People
2160:Issues
2024:
1984:
1840:
1800:
1684:," in
1641:
1601:
1541:
1511:
1389:. The
1255:" it.
1102:German
978:, and
874:, and
573:Incest
553:Ethics
510:Pardes
500:Pesher
454:Source
383:Places
378:People
361:Dating
188:Dating
142:Jewish
76:Tanakh
64:Canons
37:on the
6842:Roman
6754:]
6568:]
6481:Islam
6451:Jesus
6339:]
6327:]
6315:]
6283:]
6259:]
6222:]
6185:]
6173:]
6141:]
6129:]
5854:]
5744:Nakba
5540:]
5504:]
5454:]
5336:]
5319:]
4962:]
4950:]
4926:]
4907:]
4862:Spain
4817:]
4805:]
4777:]
4684:Italy
4622:India
4599:]
4547:]
4535:]
4523:]
4504:]
4415:]
4390:China
4232:]
4191:Korea
4186:Japan
4175:Iran
4164:Greek
4145:]
4133:]
4121:]
4099:]
4092:Early
4087:]
3948:Casta
3923:]
3845:Maafa
3812:]
3582:]
3570:]
3421:]
3261:Women
3256:Urban
3244:Rural
3239:LGBTQ
2995:Books
2833:Deeds
2770:Types
2605:Media
1742:(PDF)
1731:(PDF)
1183:Jesus
1126:Bible
910:Islam
618:Women
568:Humor
388:Names
81:Torah
43:Bible
6933:list
5528:1917
4540:Lyon
4011:Eras
3930:Peru
3665:list
3612:and
3492:Whig
2699:list
2595:Name
2022:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1931:2021
1903:(1).
1838:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1408:and
1373:and
1324:and
1132:and
908:and
876:Luke
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