Hand evaluation - Knowledge

394:

can see that the ace and queen have something in common in that they are both "off" by a half point. The jack and ten are also both "off" by a quarter point. So for example, a hand with one of each honor (A, K, Q, J, 10) would be counted as 10 HCP. Since the hard and soft values are equal (the ace and queen cancel out, and the jack and ten cancel out), there is no adjustment. On the other hand, to take an extreme example, a hand with four aces and four tens (no kings, queens, or jacks) would be counted at 16 HCP at first, but since it holds eight hard values and no soft values, it is adjusted to 19 HCP.

962:

containing 11 HCP and 5–4–2–2 shape would qualify for an opening bid because the resultant number would be 20 (11 + 5 + 4) whereas 11 HCP and 4–4–3–2 shape would not (11 + 4 + 4 = 19). This method gives very similar results to length points as above except for a hand containing 11 HCP and 5–3–3–2 shape which gives 19 on the Rule of 20 (insufficient to open) but 12 total points by adding 1 length point to the 11 HCP (sufficient to open). Experience and further analysis are needed to decide which is appropriate.

1487:(1981) was probably the first major book on this topic. In the introduction the authors acknowledge Jean-René Vernes as the first writer to delve into the TNT (Total Number of Tricks) Theory. This book and these authors are little known in North America. What a shame! They touch several aspects of TNT that are rarely mentioned by others. Chapter Four on Total Distribution is worth the price (if you can locate a used copy of this out-of-print book). Page 19 carries a key table that may not be printed elsewhere. 953:

A=1, KQ=1, Kx=0.5 . This formula for evaluating opening bid strength is referred to by Ron Klinger as "Highly Cutie" : HIgh card points + LEngth count + Quick Tricks. The method attempts to improve the widely accepted 'Rule of 20' by emphasizing the importance of defensive values in a one-level opening hand, and by assigning greater value to honor cards that work together in the same suit than to honors that are split between suits.

979:

the number of cards in the suit and the number of high (honour) cards in the suit. For this purpose high cards are considered to be A, K, Q, J and 10 but the J and 10 are only to be counted if at least one of the A, K or Q are present. The resultant number determines the level at which the particular bid should be made (Klinger 1994) according to this scale:

939:

to take tricks in attack or defence. Point count or the Losing Trick Count indicate how many tricks a hand is likely to make in offence; a hand with high ODR will tend to be more distributional, with lower HCP, and take less tricks in defence than a hand with the same number of losers but a low ODR. There is no precise numerical statement of the ODR.

1462:

to which the partnership should bid. So, 15 half-losers opposite 15 half-losers leads to 19-(15+15)/2 = 4-level contract. Players already familiar with this formula will recognize the difference between 25 (total projected tricks) and 19 (projected contract level) as the number of tricks required by declarer to secure a "book", which is 6.

474:

arise because the term "points" can be used to mean either HCP, or HCP plus length points. This method, of valuing both honour cards and long suits, is suitable for use at the opening bid stage before a trump suit has been agreed. In the USA this method of combining HCP and long-card points is known as the point-count system.

798:), the partnership having the minimum 26 total points typically required for a game contract in the majors. Despite the spade suit fit, both East hands have marginal slam potential based on their 16 HCP count alone. On the top layout the control-rich East (an upgraded 17–18 HCP) should explore slam and be willing to bypass 4 837:

combinations occur. This method is particularly useful in making difficult decisions on marginal hands, especially for overcalling and in competitive bidding situations. In lieu of arithmetic addition or subtraction of HCP or distributional points, 'plus' or 'minus' valuations may be applied to influence the decision.

101:. Although 'Robertson's Rule' for bidding (the 7-5-3 count) had been in use for more than a dozen years, McCampbell sought a more "simple scale of relative values. The Pitch Scale is the easiest to remember. (Those ... who have played Auction Pitch will have no difficulty in recognizing and remembering these values.)" 1461:

Similar to basic LTC, users may employ an alternative formula to determine the appropriate contract level. The NLTC alternative formula is 19 (instead of 18 with basic LTC) minus the sum of the losers in the two hands (i.e. half the sum of the half-losers in both hands) = the suggested contract level

301:

Both East hands are exactly the same, and both West hands have the same shape, the same HCP count, and the same high cards. The only difference between the West hands is that two low red cards and one low black card have been swapped (between the heart suit and the diamond suit, and between the spade

1624:

For relatively strong hands containing long suits (e.g. an Acol 2 opener), playing tricks are defined as the number of tricks expected, with no help from partner, given that the longest suit is trumps. Thus for long suits the ace, king and queen are counted together with all cards in excess of 3 in

1457:

A typical opening bid is assumed to have 15 or fewer half-losers, or 7.5 losers, which is half a loser more compared to basic LTC. NLTC also differs from LTC in the fact that it utilises a value of 25 (instead of 24 with basic LTC) in determining the trick-taking potential of two partnering hands.

1111:

Once a trump fit has been found, this alternative (to HCP) method is used in situations where shape and fit are of more significance than HCP in determining the optimum level of a suit contract. The "losing-tricks" in a hand are added to the systemically assumed losing tricks in partners hand (7 for

786:

The table can be used as tie-breaker for estimating the slam-going potential of hands like the above two East hands. Whilst the top East hand counts 16 HCP, in terms of controls (6) it is equivalent to a hand typically 1–2 HCP stronger, whereas the bottom East hand, also counting 16 HCP, is in terms

473:

A hand comprising a 5-card suit and a 6-card suit gains points for both, i.e., 1 + 2 making 3 points in total. Other combinations are dealt with in a similar way. These distribution points (sometimes called length points) are added to the HCP to give the total point value of the hand. Confusion can

978:

The SQT evaluates an individual suit as a precursor to deciding whether, and at what level, certain bids should be made. This method is generally considered useful for making an overcall and for making a preemptive opening bid; it works for long suits i.e. 5 cards at least, as follows: Add together

938:

This concept is sometimes stated as the "Offence-Defence Ratio" (ODR) of a hand. For example, a suit KQJ10987 will take 6 tricks with this as the trump suit but maybe none in defence; it has a high ODR. If the same cards are randomly scattered through different suits, they are about equally likely

393:

Note that this scale keeps the 40 high card point system intact. The scale may seem cumbersome, but if one considers the ace and ten honors "hard" and the queen and jack honors "soft" it is much easier to accurately count high card points by using the familiar 4-3-2-1 system and then adjusting. One

1453:

Adopters of NLTC should note that all singletons, except singleton A, are counted as three half-losers (1.5 losers), and all doubletons that are missing both the A and K are counted as five half-losers (2.5 losers). Like basic LTC, no suit contains more than three losers, so with NLTC, three small

952:

Add together the number of HCP in the hand, and the number of cards in the two longest suits, and the number of quick tricks in the hand. If the resultant number is 22 or higher, then an opening bid is suggested . In 3rd seat the requirement may be lowered to 19. Quick tricks are: AK=2, AQ=1.5,

533:

An alternative approach is to create a distributional point count of a hand to be added to HCP simply by adding the combined length of the two longest suits, subtracting the length of the shortest suit, and subtracting a further five. On this basis 4333 hands score -1 and all other shapes score a

1514:

In 2002, Anders Wirgren called the accuracy of the "law" into question, saying it works on only 40% of deals. However, Larry Cohen remains convinced it is a useful guideline, especially when adjustments are used properly. Mendelson (1998) finds that it is "accurate to within one trick on the vast

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xx, has 7 losers (1+2+2+2=7). To calculate how high to bid, responder adds the number of losers in their hand to the assumed number in opener's hand (7). The total number of losers is subtracted from 24. The answer is the total number of tricks available to the partnership, and this should be the

993:

An alternative way to look at this is that the bid should be to the level of the number of tricks equal to the SQT number. This method was originally proposed as a way of enabling overcalls to be made with relatively few HCP but with little risk. It can also be used to determine whether a hand is

563:

The control count is the sum of the controls where aces are valued as two controls, kings as one control and queens and jacks as zero. This control count can be used as "tie-breakers" for hands evaluated as marginal by their HCP count. Hands with the same shape and the same HCP can have markedly

542:

When intending to make a bid in a suit and there is no agreed upon trump suit, add high card points and length points to get the total point value of one's hand. When intending to raise an agreed trump suit, add high card points and shortness points. When making a bid in notrump with intent to

305:

With a total of 34 HCP in the combined hands, based on the above-mentioned HCP-requirement for slam, most partnerships would end in a small slam (12 tricks) contract. Yet, the left layout produces 13 tricks in notrump, whilst the right layout on a diamond lead would fail to produce more than 10

129:

Evaluating a hand on this basis takes due account of the fact that there are 10 HCP in each suit and therefore 40 in the complete deck of cards. An average hand contains one quarter of the total, i.e. 10 HCP. The method has the dual benefits of simplicity and practicality, especially in notrump

1524:

Hands with relatively solid long suits have a trick taking potential not easily measured by the basic pointcount methods (e.g. a hand containing 13 spades will take all 13 tricks if spades are trumps, but will only score 19 on the point count method, 10 HCP + 9 length point). For such hands,

310:

in the high card values: in the bottom layout the combined 20 HCP in spades and diamonds results in only five tricks. Because such duplication can often not be detected during bidding, the high card point method of hand evaluation, when used alone, provides only a preliminary estimate of the

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Add together the number of HCP in the hand, and the number of cards in the two longest suits. If the resultant number is 20 or higher and most of the high cards are in the long suits, then an opening bid is suggested (the choice of which bid requires further analysis). As an example, a hand

701:

In the above examples, both West hands are the same, and both East hands have the same shape and HCP (16). Yet, the layout above represents a solid slam (12 tricks) in spades, whilst the layout below will fail to produce 12 tricks. The difference between the East hands becomes apparent when

559:

The control count is a supplementary method that is mainly used in combination with HCP count to determine the trick-taking potential of fitting hands, in particular to investigate slam potential. The use of control count addresses the fact that for suit contracts, aces and kings tend to be

1479:

For shapely hands where a trump fit has been agreed, the combined length of the trump suit can be more significant than points or HCP in deciding on the level of the final contract. It is of most value in competitive bidding situations where the HCP are divided roughly equally between the

836:

Certain combinations of cards have higher or lower trick taking potential than the simple point count methods would suggest. Proponents of this idea suggest that HCP should be deducted from hands where negative combinations occur. Similarly, additional points might be added where positive

352:

To adjust for aces, Goren recommended deducting one HCP for a hand without any aces and adding one for holding four aces. Some adjust for tens by adding 1/2 HCP for each. Alternatively, some treat aces and tens as a group and add one HCP if the hand contains three or more aces and tens;

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In order to improve the accuracy of the bidding process, the high card point count is supplemented by the evaluation of unbalanced or shapely hands using additional simple arithmetic methods. Two approaches are common – evaluation of suit length and evaluation of suit shortness.

1097:)). At lower levels it is harder to be as precise but Crowhust & Kambites advise "With a good fit bid aggressively but with a misfit be cautious". Some of the methods that follow are designed to use arithmetic in the evaluation of hands that fit with partner's. 1682:

compatible with the bidding. This means that in order to reach an informed decision in, for example, deciding whether a hand is worth an invitation to game or slam, a player should 'visualise' the most balanced distribution with the minimum HCP partner might have

1413:

Bernard Magee also points out that the LTC can overvalue doubletons. A hand with two doubletons will usually have more immediate losers than one with a singleton and 3 cards in the other suit. The older "shortage points" method values the second hand type higher.

783:. Rosenkranz defined "the expected number of controls in balanced hands" at specific HCP counts as 'control-neutral' in a table similar to the consolidation shown on the left; having more controls is deemed 'control-rich' and having less is 'control-weak'. 1428:

Extending these thoughts, most experts agree that basic LTC undervalues Aces and overvalues Queens. In addition, many believe that worthless singletons and doubletons are generally overvalued. Recent insights on these issues have led to the

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This method uses both lengths and shortages in all situations. The hand scores two shortage points for a void and one for a singleton, and this total is added to the usual length count: one point is added for each card in a suit beyond four.

1719:. A minimum hand compatible with the bidding would have no more than 12 HCP, and be relatively balanced (i.e. 5332). The hand would be perfect if partner's points were solely located in spades and diamond. So a perfect minimum would be: 1458:

Hence, in NLTC the expected number of tricks equates to 25 minus the sum of the losers in the two hands (i.e. half the sum of the half-losers in both hands). So, 15 half-losers opposite 15 half-losers leads to 25-(15+15)/2 = 10 tricks.

1439:, May 2003). For more precision, this method utilizes the concept of half-losers and, more important, distinguishes between 'Ace-losers', 'King-losers' and 'Queen-losers.' Considering only the three highest ranking cards in each suit: 156:

A simple justification for 37 HCP being suitable for a grand slam is that it is the lowest number that guarantees the partnership holding all the aces. Similarly 33 HCP is the lowest number that guarantees at least three aces.

63:, fit with partner, quality of suits and quality of the whole hand. The methods range from basic to complex, requiring partners to have the same understandings and agreements about their application in their bidding system. 52:. Key to this process is that players evaluate and re-evaluate the trick-taking potential of their hands as the auction proceeds and additional information about partner's hand and the opponent's hands becomes available. 1409:

of the hand believing that the basic method undervalues an ace but overvalues a queen and undervalues short honor combinations such as Qx or a singleton king. Also it places no value on cards jack or lower.

809:

Having determined the degree of interest in exploring slam possibilities, the methods and conventions to determine which controls (aces, kings and even queens) are held by the partnership include: the

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with the auction shown on the left, they point out that the bidding indicates at least 6/3 in spades and 5/3 in diamonds. If partner has 3 aces (easily discovered), a grand slam (13 tricks: 6

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conducting a control count: in the top layout East has two aces and two kings for a total of six controls, whilst in the bottom layout has one ace and two kings for a total of four controls.

130:

contracts. Most bidding systems are based upon the premise that a better than average hand is required to open the bidding; 12 HCP is generally considered the minimum for most opening bids.

436:* Bergen ace = 4.5 ÷ 1.5 = 3 Four Aces Count * Bergen king = 3.0 ÷ 1.5 = 2 Four Aces Count * Bergen queen = 1.5 ÷ 1.5 = 1 Four Aces Count * Bergen jack = .75 ÷ 1.5 = ½ Four Aces Count 1112:

an opening bid of 1 of a suit) and the resultant number is deducted from 24; the net figure is the number of tricks a partnership can expect to win when playing in the agreed trump suit.

138:

The combined HCP count between two balanced hands is generally considered to be a good indication, all else being equal, of the number of tricks likely to be made by the partnership. The

910:

Certain combinations of cards are better in defence and others are more valuable in attack (i.e. as declarer). There is some overlap with the concept of negative and positive points.

1659:

This statistically derived method for evaluating Contract Bridge hands was developed by Zar Petkov. It attempts to account for many of the factors outlined above in a numerical way.

160:

Although mostly effective for evaluating the combined trick-taking potential of two balanced hands played in notrump, even in this area of applicability the HCP is not infallible.

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Paraphrasing Crowhurst and Kambites (1992), "Experts often sail into an unbeatable slam with only 25 HCP whereas it would never occur to most players to proceed beyond game".

1740:

Such a perfect minimum would give a solid slam in spades whereas reliance on HCP would not indicate a slam possibility. This is the advantage of the 'visualisation' method.

560:

undervalued in the standard 4–3–2–1 HCP scale; aces and kings allow declarer better control over the hands and can prevent the opponents from retaining or gaining the lead.

551:

The basic point-count system does not solve all evaluation problems and in certain circumstances is supplemented by refinements to the HCP count or by additional methods.

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partner jumps to game with no more than 7 losers in hand and a fit with partner's heart suit (3 if playing 5-card majors) ... 7 + 7 = 14 subtract from 24 = 10 tricks.

112:

in the Fifties, and now known simply as the high-card point (HCP) count, this basic evaluation method assigns numeric values to the top four honour cards as follows:

397:

Bergen's “computer” scale appears to be identical to the “high card value of the Four Aces System” found on the front inside cover and on page 5 of the 1935 book,

349:

The 4-3-2-1 high card point evaluation has been found to statistically undervalue aces and tens and alternatives have been devised to increase a hand's HCP value.

1089:) is likely. This grand slam can easily be bid despite the partnership holding around 29 HCP only (12 in hand above plus 17 in the hand bidding the jump shift (1 90: 866:

The next suit above RHO's suit when overcalling (unless a very good suit) which gives opponents information but does not cut into their bidding space.

1278: 1495:"On every hand of bridge, the total number of tricks available is equal to, or very close to, the total number of cards in each side's longest suit" 1274: 2621: 2164: 1381: 433:

version of the progression. Dividing Bergen's numbers by 1.5 produces exactly the same numbers published by the Four Aces seven decades earlier:

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A key differentiator between the bidding effectiveness of experts versus laymen is the use of hand visualisation during all stages of bidding.

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trick-taking potential of the combined hands and must be supplemented by other means for improved accuracy, particularly for unbalanced hands.

3870: 802:

in doing so, whilst on the bottom layout the control-weak East (a downgraded 12–13 HCP) should be more cautious and be prepared to stop in 4

3814: 1879: 459:

At its simplest it is considered that long suits have a value beyond the HCP held: this can be turned into numbers on the following scale:

97:(page 26), the 4-3-2-1 count for honours was not established by computer analysis (as is sometimes rumoured) but was derived from the game 4213: 3809: 3709: 4249: 4113: 4108: 3849: 3824: 3819: 3779: 3764: 3729: 3719: 2614: 373:

Marty Bergen claims that with the help of computers, bridge theorists have devised a more accurate valuation of the honors as follows:

1541:

Quick tricks are similar to, but not the same as, Honor Tricks in the Culbertson system. They are calculated suit by suit as follows:

4468: 4244: 3854: 3754: 3734: 3714: 2596: 48:

In contract bridge, various bidding systems have been devised to enable partners to describe their hands so that they may reach the

4458: 4028: 3839: 3834: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3759: 3739: 3724: 1115:

The basic method assumes that an ace will never be a loser, nor will a king in a 2+ card suit, nor a queen in a 3+ card suit, thus

507:

When the supporting hand holds four or more trumps, thereby having more spare trumps for ruffing, shortness is valued as follows:

56: 3875: 3829: 3784: 3774: 3769: 3744: 108:

Point Count when popularized by him in the early Thirties and then the Goren Point Count when re-popularized by Work's disciple

4087: 3844: 3789: 3749: 4577: 4023: 2544: 2388: 1987: 329: 60: 818: 1214:

suits longer than three cards are judged according to the three highest cards; no suit may have more than 3 losing tricks.

4612: 4408: 2074: 2037: 4619: 4448: 4323: 486:

potential as represented by short suits becomes more significant than long suits. Accordingly, in a method devised by

4650: 2955: 2751: 2528: 2516: 2490: 2459: 2407: 2372: 2308: 2281: 2255: 2243: 2221: 2176: 2154: 2087: 2050: 2013: 1968: 1689:

your hand is worth an invitation to game (or slam) if this perfect minimum holding for partner will make it a laydown

1468: 1423: 43: 1509:

Bid to the contract equal to the number of trumps you and your partner hold (and no higher) in a competitive auction

4744: 3880: 3231: 2195: 17: 4483: 4203: 4198: 4173: 4168: 4043: 4038: 3973: 3509: 2079: 2042: 4478: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4273: 4218: 4188: 4183: 3683: 3291: 848:

recommended deducting one HCP for K-Q, K-J, Q-J,Q-x,J-x Q-x-x, J-x-x holdings, this is now considered extreme.

4598: 4537: 4193: 3296: 970:

Identical to the Rule of 20 but some expert players believe that 20 is too limiting a barrier and prefer 19.

490:

of Toronto and popularized by Charles Goren, distribution points are added for shortage rather than length.

55:

Hand evaluation methods assess various features of a hand, including: its high card strength, shape or suit

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Once a trump suit has been agreed, or at least a partial fit has been uncovered, it is argued by many that

828:

advocates the use of the control count to make adjustments to the LTC hand evaluation method (see below).

4463: 4398: 4378: 4283: 4033: 4018: 3983: 3968: 3534: 3192: 1507:

is derived from the Law of Total Tricks and argues that this is more often than not a winning strategy, "

4564: 4493: 4158: 3998: 3988: 3978: 2761: 2736: 2711: 521:

Shortage points (also known as support points or dummy points) are added to HCP to give total points.

4554: 4403: 3678: 2985: 2975: 2478: 325:

the use of additional point values for hand shape or distribution (known as distribution points), and

2439: 2303:. Master Bridge Series. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd in association with Peter Crawley. p. 157. 4739: 4584: 4288: 2766: 2601: 1469:

Law of Total Tricks, Total Trumps Principle, TNT (Total Number of Trumps = Total Number of Tricks)

4498: 4318: 4278: 4178: 4048: 4003: 3937: 3066: 2726: 1501:

is defined as the sum of the number of tricks available to each side if they could choose trumps.

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Thinking that the method tended to overvalue unsupported queens and undervalue supported jacks,

4626: 4358: 4143: 4118: 4013: 3947: 3549: 3494: 3035: 2447: 2276:(9th printing, 1997, revised and expanded ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Natco Press. p. 286. 4438: 4433: 3993: 3932: 3544: 3430: 3251: 3126: 3101: 2426: 1956: 1678:

advises to focus on just a few hands that partner might be holding, and more particularly on

4123: 4633: 4428: 4413: 4383: 4313: 4308: 4138: 4008: 3942: 3131: 2970: 2583:

for software hand evaluators based on approaches by Kaplan and Rubens and by Danny Kleinman

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Honour singletons; some exempt the singleton ace but others consider it inflexible in play.

810: 775:

The interpretation of the significance of the control count is based upon a publication by

417:. The Four Aces' book (Jacoby may have written most or all of it) gives the simpler 3-2-1- 8: 4694: 4393: 4388: 4208: 3693: 3539: 3514: 3479: 2935: 2806: 2586: 2130: 1474: 814: 406: 4663: 4605: 4542: 4488: 4443: 3922: 3906: 3896: 3176: 2995: 2940: 2860: 2811: 2796: 2706: 2686: 2500: 2383:(13th impression). London: by Cassell in association with Peter Crawley, pp. 143. 2323: 2205: 1106: 4559: 3106: 2580: 1465:

There is no evidence that this method is better than the original losing trick count.

336:

Collectively, these more effectively evaluate the combined holdings of a partnership.

4710: 4473: 4373: 4353: 4254: 3524: 3410: 3331: 3311: 3171: 3096: 3000: 2925: 2880: 2756: 2540: 2524: 2512: 2505: 2486: 2455: 2403: 2384: 2368: 2333: 2304: 2287: 2277: 2251: 2239: 2217: 2191: 2172: 2150: 2093: 2083: 2056: 2046: 2019: 2009: 1983: 1964: 898:

The next suit below RHO's suit when overcalling reduces the opponents' bidding space.

776: 84: 39: 2591: 942: 892:

Two or three intermediate cards in a suit (8, 9 10) especially if headed by honours.

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tricks in notrump. In this case, the difference in trick-taking potential is due to

4677: 4418: 4328: 3609: 3588: 3504: 3474: 3464: 3459: 3276: 3271: 3071: 2990: 2900: 2746: 2741: 2731: 2701: 2402:. Master Bridge Series. London: Victor Gollancz in association with Peter Crawley. 2210: 1435: 1390:

Qxx = 3 losers (or possibly 2.5) unless trumps, or unless partner has bid the suit.

780: 365:

Goren and others recommend deducting one HCP for a singleton king, queen, or jack.

354: 49: 927:

Attacking values that suggest a hand should play a contract as declarer or dummy:

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With only 5 losers and a fit, a slam is likely so responder may bid straight to 6

414: 402: 31: 3166: 2349:. American Contract Bridge League, Bridge Bulletin, August 2004, pp. 27–28. 645:

W E

578:

W E

245:

W E

178:

W E

4591: 4239: 3927: 3574: 3559: 3529: 3519: 3484: 3420: 3405: 3321: 3246: 3236: 3151: 3081: 3020: 2875: 2870: 2691: 2666: 2141: 1849:

Bergen, 2002, page 8. Bergen does not cite the source of the computer analysis.

1592:

This method is used when replying to very strong suit opening bids such as the

863:

The club suit when opening because it allows opponents to overcall more easily.

845: 75:

using a combination of high card points and distributional points, as follows.

35: 4733: 4363: 4133: 4128: 3629: 3619: 3564: 3554: 3499: 3489: 3469: 3435: 3425: 3395: 3380: 3336: 3266: 3256: 3005: 2885: 2855: 2786: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2337: 2319: 2118: 2105: 2069: 2032: 1924:

Francis et al, 2001, page 144: EXPECTED NUMBER OF CONTROLS IN BALANCED HANDS.

1685:

with the high cards selected such that these fit precisely with your own hand

1358: 493:

When the supporting hand holds three trumps, shortness is valued as follows:

410: 139: 109: 98: 2097: 2023: 4303: 4103: 3639: 3614: 3569: 3316: 3306: 3286: 3161: 3136: 3045: 3040: 3025: 2910: 2801: 2771: 2696: 1529:

is deemed more suitable. Responding to such hands is best made considering

483: 2575: 2360:

Bidding to Win at Contract Bridge, Book One: The Modern Losing Trick Count

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if preemptive bidding seems appropriate or take a slower forcing approach.

4234: 3901: 3445: 3366: 3146: 3111: 3091: 3015: 2980: 2905: 2865: 2395: 2354: 2231: 2142: 1675: 1402: 1306: 825: 161: 105: 1996: 1640:

strong 2 of a suit opening bid is made on 8 playing tricks (Landy 1998)

4348: 4148: 3952: 3624: 3440: 3156: 3050: 3030: 3010: 2950: 2945: 2776: 1654: 844:

Honour doubletons K-Q, Q-J. Q-x, J-x unless in partners suit. Although

1625:

the suit; for short suits only clear winner combinations are counted:

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Guidelines for hand evaluation for beginners – Karen's Bridge Library

1313: 1286: 2560: 2171:. Ryden Grange, Bisley, Surrey, England, United Kingdom: Mr Bridge. 1616:

quick tricks are needed to make a positive response (Klinger 1994).

4453: 3121: 2960: 2915: 2571:

Basic hand evaluation for opening one-bids – Karen's Bridge Library

2190:. London, England, United Kingdom: B.T. Batsford Ltd. p. 176. 1828: 857:

Honours in opponents' suit when deciding to support partner's suit.

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should further bidding reveal West lacking a control in diamonds.

3361: 3261: 3141: 2965: 2895: 2816: 997: 943:

Methods to help with opening bids and overcalls on marginal hands

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The spade suit when opening ... makes overcalling more difficult.

318:

in the evaluation of their hands, and make adjustments based on:

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The Modern Losing Trick Count: Bidding to Win at Contract Bridge

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advocates adding one HCP if holding four or more aces and tens.

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Environmental factors affecting hand evaluation – BridgeHands

2001: 1454:

cards in a suit are counted as six half-losers (3.0 losers).

3116: 3076: 1637: 1593: 2363:. Sydney, Australia: Modern Bridge Publications. pp. 1235:

next bid by responder. Thus following an opening bid of 1

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different slam potential depending on the control count.

71:

Most bidding systems use a basic point-count system for

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List of bridge people with Knowledge (English) articles

2452:

The Complete Book on Hand Evaluation in Contract Bridge

2317: 2597:

A General Method for Valuing Bridge Hand Distributions

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Subtract a loser if there is a known 9-card trump fit.

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Honours in partner's suit when deciding to support it.

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refinements to the HCP valuation for certain holdings,

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Francis et al, 1994, page 111: DISTRIBUTIONAL COUNTS.

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advocates adjusting the number of loser based on the

328:

bidding techniques to determine the specifics of any

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Basic hand evaluation criteria – Pattaya Bridge Club

1894:

Francis et al, 2001, page 120: Distributional Count.

1519: 913:

Defensive values that suggest a hand should defend:

854:

Honour combinations not accompanied by a small card.

2145:; collab Pat Husband & Andrew Kambites (1994). 873:Positive features worth more than the HCP suggest: 840:Negative features worth less than the HCP suggest: 2504: 2417:Koelman, Johannes (May 2003). "The Bridge World". 2209: 2561:Advanced hand evaluation theory by Thomas Andrews 2298: 1246:With 8 losers in hand and a fit, responder bids 3 794:, both East hands should aim for at least game (4 4731: 1417: 860:Honours in side suits when deciding to overcall. 152:37 HCP are necessary for a grand slam, i.e. 7 NT 149:33 HCP are necessary for a small slam, i.e. 6 NT 2468: 2394: 4520: 1933:Francis et al. 2001, page 401: RULE OF TWENTY. 998:Methods to help when a fit has been discovered 889:Honours in own suit when deciding to overcall. 787:of controls (4) more equivalent to 12–13 HCP. 142:for games and slams in notrump is as follows: 2622: 2274:To Bid or Not to Bid: The LAW of Total Tricks 2238:. New York: Grosset and Dunlap. p. 241. 1794: 1792: 1790: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1122:a singleton other than an A = 1 losing trick. 905: 831: 824:In his book "The Modern Losing Trick Count", 3661: 2185: 1982:. Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 175. 1902: 1900: 1443:missing Ace = three half-losers (1.5 losers) 880:Two or three honours in long suits (better). 4214:World Transnational Open Teams Championship 1977: 1815: 1813: 1766:Francis et al, 2001, page 355: POINT-COUNT. 1449:missing Queen = one half-loser (0.5 losers) 1250:(8+7=15 which deducted from 24 = 9 tricks). 1100: 66: 27:Bidding systems devised for contract bridge 4250:European Universities Bridge Championships 4114:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games 4109:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games 2629: 2615: 2301:Understanding Acol. The Good Bidding Guide 2299:Crowhurst, Eric; Kambites, Andrew (1992). 1866: 1864: 1787: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1749: 1446:missing King = two half-losers (1.0 loser) 973: 931:Honours in own suit (the more the better). 4469:United States Bridge Championships - Open 4245:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships 2477: 2454:. Hawthorne, CA: Max Hardy. p. 194. 1897: 1852: 1253:With 9 losers and a fit, responder bids 2 917:Honours in shortish side suits, e.g. Kxx. 314:Accordingly, expert players use HCP as a 4029:List of contract bridge governing bodies 2469:Lawrence, Mike; Wirgren, Anders (2004). 2446: 1963:. Palm Beach Gardens, FL: Bergen Books. 1810: 1643: 1125:a doubleton AK = 0, Ax or KQ = 1, Kx = 1 920:Honours and/or length in opponents suit. 546: 477: 445: 146:25 HCP are necessary for game, i.e. 3 NT 2483:Mendelson's Guide to the Bidding Battle 2416: 2353: 2344: 2135:The Four Aces System of Contract Bridge 2008:. Aylesbury, UK: English Bridge Union. 1861: 1769: 399:The Four Aces System of Contract Bridge 302:suit and the club suit, respectively). 14: 4732: 4088:List of bridge competitions and awards 3689:List of nationality transfers in sport 2659: 2539:. London: B.T. Batsford. p. 141. 2534: 2230: 2110:Point Count Bidding in Contract Bridge 1955: 883:Honour sequences in long suits (best). 642: 575: 242: 175: 4578:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know 4519: 4459:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams 4069: 4024:International Mind Sports Association 3660: 3213: 2837: 2648: 2610: 2268: 2163: 2104: 454: 4262:North American bridge Championships: 2499: 2204: 1694:Rubens gives the following example: 1545:2 quick tricks = AK of the same suit 524: 4613:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 4409:North American Bridge Championships 2636: 2188:Bridge: TNT and Competitive Bidding 2112:. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. 2075:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 2072:; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (2001). 2038:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 2035:; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (1994). 1570:1 quick trick = KQ in the same suit 1485:Bridge: TNT and Competitive Bidding 1281:refined the scale, as have others: 543:play, value high-card points only. 78: 24: 4620:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand 4324:Keohane North American Swiss Teams 2592:Hand Evaluation articles and ideas 2511:. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. 2262: 2186:Payne, Dick; Amsbury, Joe (1981). 1978:Downey, Ned; Pomer, Ellen (2005). 1961:Hand Evaluation: Points Schmoints! 1588:quick trick = Kx (not K singleton) 1564:quick tricks = AQ in the same suit 1406: 25: 4756: 4651:List of contract bridge magazines 4070: 2956:Optimum contract and par contract 2752:Glossary of contract bridge terms 2554: 1619: 1520:Methods to help with strong hands 1144:a three card suit AKQ = 0, AKx = 44:Glossary of contract bridge terms 2471:I Fought the Law of Total Tricks 2329:The Bridge Players' Encyclopedia 2216:. New York: Three Rivers Press. 1906:Downey and Pomer, 2005, page 35. 1840:Downey and Pomer, 2005, page 27. 1730: 1705: 1662: 1227: 1094: 1082: 1064: 1031: 1023: 790:If West opens the bidding with 1 554: 4449:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs 4204:World Senior Teams Championship 4199:World Senior Pairs Championship 4174:World Junior Teams Championship 4169:World Junior Pairs Championship 4044:United States Bridge Federation 4039:South African Bridge Federation 3974:American Contract Bridge League 3510:Non-simultaneous double squeeze 2137:. New York: The Four Aces, Inc. 2080:American Contract Bridge League 2043:American Contract Bridge League 1936: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1888: 1873: 1536: 994:suitable for a preemptive bid. 989:9 = a three level bid .... etc. 534:positive distributional count. 469:7 card suit = 3 points ... etc. 4479:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs 4344:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs 4334:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs 4274:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs 4219:World Women Pairs Championship 4189:World Mixed Teams Championship 4184:World Mixed Pairs Championship 3684:List of contract bridge people 3292:Principle of restricted choice 2602:Hand Evaluation – Marty Bergen 2326:; Barrow, Rhoda, eds. (1967). 1843: 1834: 1822: 1801: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1701: 1697: 1268: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1236: 1223: 1219: 1090: 1078: 1074: 1058: 1054: 1037: 1017: 901:Honours in suits shown by RHO. 869:Honours in suits shown by LHO. 803: 799: 795: 791: 779:in the December 1974 issue of 339: 133: 13: 1: 4599:Contract Bridge for Beginners 4538:List of contract bridge books 4194:World Open Pairs Championship 3876:List of bridge administrators 3214: 2485:. Cambridge, UK: Colt Books. 2400:How Good is Your Bridge Hand? 2236:The Secrets of Winning Bridge 2078:(6th ed.). Memphis, TN: 2041:(5th ed.). Memphis, TN: 1743: 1734: 1709: 1672:The Secrets of Winning Bridge 1648: 1597: 1418:New Losing Trick Count (NLTC) 1399:The Modern Losing Trick Count 1231: 1218:A typical opening hand, e.g. 1086: 1068: 965: 956: 947: 633: 566: 233: 166: 164:gives the following example: 4484:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams 4369:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams 4269:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge 4164:World IMP Pairs Championship 2649: 1880:Canadian Bridge Federation, 1357:AJ10 = 1 loser according to 1042: 1028: 1014: 923:Lack of honours in own suit. 764: 756: 748: 740: 732: 724: 716: 7: 4464:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams 4399:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams 4379:Nail Life Master Open Pairs 4339:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams 4284:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match 4034:Norwegian Bridge Federation 4019:Hungarian Bridge Federation 3984:Brazilian Bridge Federation 3969:American Bridge Association 3535:Simultaneous double squeeze 3193:List of bidding conventions 2838: 2398:; Kambites, Andrew (2000). 2149:. London: Victor Gollancz. 1870:English Bridge Union, 1998. 1332:losers according to others. 89:First published in 1915 by 10: 4761: 4565:Terence Reese bibliography 4521:Publications and resources 4159:World Bridge Championships 3999:Canadian Bridge Federation 3989:Bridge Federation of India 3979:Austrian Bridge Federation 2762:History of contract bridge 2737:Duplicate bridge movements 1980:Standard Bidding with SAYC 1831:retrieved August 11, 2011. 1652: 1505:The Total Trumps Principle 1472: 1104: 906:Defensive/attacking values 832:Negative/positive features 537: 82: 29: 4703: 4687: 4643: 4555:Edwin Kantar bibliography 4530: 4526: 4515: 4404:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs 4227: 4096: 4080: 4076: 4065: 3961: 3915: 3889: 3863: 3702: 3679:ACBL Youngest Life Master 3671: 3667: 3656: 3597: 3345: 3224: 3220: 3209: 3185: 3059: 2986:Quantitative notrump bids 2976:Principle of fast arrival 2848: 2844: 2833: 2655: 2644: 2537:Hand Evaluation in Bridge 1179:a three card suit Axx = 1 1119:a void = 0 losing tricks. 1007: 934:Lack of defensive values. 707: 4585:Bridge Squeezes Complete 4560:Hugh Kelsey bibliography 4289:Fall National Open Pairs 3662:People and organizations 2767:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 1829:Richard Pavlicek website 1807:Rubens, 1971, pages 7–8. 1211:, xxx = 3 losing tricks. 1101:Losing-Trick Count (LTC) 821:convention and cuebids. 819:Roman Key Card Blackwood 67:Basic point-count system 4745:Contract bridge bidding 4494:Whitehead Women's Pairs 4319:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams 4179:World Mind Sports Games 4049:World Bridge Federation 4004:Dutch Bridge Federation 3938:Galatasaray Bridge Team 3232:List of play techniques 3067:List of bidding systems 2727:Contract bridge diagram 2332:. London: Paul Hamlyn. 1491:The Law of Total Tricks 1141:, xx = 2 losing tricks. 974:Suit Quality Test (SQT) 4627:Right Through the Pack 4359:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs 4144:Triple crown of bridge 4119:Cavendish Invitational 4014:European Bridge League 3948:Portland Club (London) 3881:List of bridge writers 3550:Stepping-stone squeeze 3495:Entry-shifting squeeze 3132:Kaplan–Sheinwold 3036:Useful space principle 2581:Jeff Goldsmith website 2535:Senior, Brian (1998). 2434:Cite journal requires 2345:Jabbour, Zeke (2004). 2169:Better Hand Evaluation 1629:A = 1, AK = 2, AKQ = 3 1431:New Losing Trick Count 1424:New Losing Trick Count 877:Honours in long suits. 466:6 card suit = 2 points 332:cards held by partner. 4439:Senior Knockout Teams 4434:Roth Open Swiss Teams 3994:British Bridge League 3127:Highly unusual method 3102:Bridge World Standard 1884:, April 2012, page 18 1858:Jacoby, 1935, page 5. 1819:Goren, 1954, page 11. 1680:perfect minimum hands 1644:More advanced methods 1052:For example, holding 547:Supplementary methods 478:Suit shortness points 463:5-card suit = 1 point 446:Distributional points 361:For unguarded honours 4634:Tickets to the Devil 4429:Rockwell Mixed Pairs 4414:North American Pairs 4384:National 199er Pairs 4314:Hilliard Mixed Pairs 4309:Grand National Teams 4139:Senior Bowl (bridge) 4009:English Bridge Union 3943:Melville Bridge Club 2971:Prepared opening bid 2131:Gottlieb, Michael T. 1998:English Bridge Union 1380:losers according to 1057: K109864 811:Blackwood convention 514:singleton = 3 points 500:singleton = 2 points 401:by (alphabetically) 4695:Grand Slam (BBC TV) 4499:Young LM–1500 Pairs 4394:National 99er Pairs 4389:National 49er Pairs 4279:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs 4209:World Team Olympiad 3694:Bridge Headquarters 3540:Single-suit squeeze 3515:Progressive squeeze 3480:Criss-cross squeeze 2936:Law of total tricks 2807:Traveling scoreslip 2507:Commonsense Bidding 2068:Francis, Henry G.; 2031:Francis, Henry G.; 2006:Really Easy Bidding 1942:Payne, 1981, page 7 1687:. He advises that " 1475:Law of Total Tricks 1305:loser according to 986:8 = a two level bid 983:7 = a one level bid 815:Norman four notrump 517:doubleton = 1 point 503:doubleton = 1 point 407:Michael T. Gottlieb 4606:Design for Bidding 4543:Master Point Press 4489:Wernher Open Pairs 4444:Silodor Open Pairs 4228:National and Zonal 3923:Bridge Base Online 3703:Players by country 3582:Suit combinations: 3431:Morton's fork coup 3177:Strong club system 2996:Sacrifice (bridge) 2941:Losing-Trick Count 2861:Balancing (bridge) 2797:Singaporean bridge 2707:Cheating in bridge 2687:Bridge Murder case 2318:Frey, Richard L.; 2212:The ABCs of Bridge 2004:Committee (1998). 1515:majority of hands" 1351:loser ... not one. 1195:, Kxx = 2, Qxx = 2 1160:, AQx = 1, KQx = 1 1107:Losing-Trick Count 455:Suit length points 4727: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4711:Bridge Base Basic 4511: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4474:Vanderbilt Trophy 4374:Mott-Smith Trophy 4354:Master Individual 4255:Gold Cup (bridge) 4124:Computer Olympiad 4061: 4060: 4057: 4056: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3525:Saturated squeeze 3411:Deschapelles coup 3205: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3172:Standard American 3097:Bridge Base Basic 3001:Shooting (bridge) 2926:Honor point count 2881:Bridge convention 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2757:High card by suit 2546:978-0-7134-8294-2 2389:978-0-304-35770-3 2347:Lawless Territory 2320:Truscott, Alan F. 2070:Truscott, Alan F. 2033:Truscott, Alan F. 2000:; Landy, Sandra; 1989:978-1-897106-03-7 1567:1 quick trick = A 1050: 1049: 777:George Rosenkranz 773: 772: 699: 698: 632: 631: 525:Combination Count 369:Alternative scale 345:For aces and tens 299: 298: 232: 231: 91:Bryant McCampbell 85:Honor point count 40:Bridge convention 16:(Redirected from 4752: 4678:The Bridge World 4660: 4659: 4574: 4573: 4552: 4551: 4528: 4527: 4517: 4516: 4419:Red Ribbon Pairs 4329:Lebhar IMP Pairs 4264: 4263: 4078: 4077: 4067: 4066: 3962:Governing bodies 3669: 3668: 3658: 3657: 3610:Journalist leads 3589:Suit combination 3584: 3583: 3505:Knockout squeeze 3475:Compound squeeze 3465:Cannibal squeeze 3460:Backwash squeeze 3455: 3454: 3376: 3375: 3357: 3356: 3272:Grosvenor gambit 3222: 3221: 3211: 3210: 3072:2/1 game forcing 2991:Reverse (bridge) 2901:Five-card majors 2846: 2845: 2835: 2834: 2742:Five-suit bridge 2732:Duplicate bridge 2657: 2656: 2646: 2645: 2631: 2624: 2617: 2608: 2607: 2550: 2522: 2510: 2496: 2474: 2465: 2443: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2422: 2413: 2378: 2350: 2341: 2314: 2295: 2249: 2227: 2215: 2201: 2182: 2160: 2138: 2127:Schenken, Howard 2123:Burnstine, David 2114:Also: 1950, 1954 2113: 2101: 2064: 2027: 1993: 1974: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1785: 1782: 1767: 1764: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1718: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1599: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1436:The Bridge World 1387:QJ10 = 2 losers. 1379: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1263: 1256: 1249: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1159: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1067: KQ8 1066: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1039: 1033: 1025: 1019: 1005: 1004: 817:convention, the 805: 801: 797: 793: 781:The Bridge World 705: 704: 634: 567: 488:William Anderson 432: 430: 429: 426: 423: 386:jack = 0.75 HCP 355:Richard Pavlicek 234: 167: 79:High card points 50:optimum contract 21: 18:High card points 4760: 4759: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4740:Contract bridge 4730: 4729: 4728: 4715: 4699: 4683: 4671:Bridge Magazine 4664:Bridge d'Italia 4657: 4656: 4639: 4571: 4570: 4550:Bibliographies: 4549: 4548: 4522: 4503: 4299:Fishbein Trophy 4294:Fast Open Pairs 4261: 4260: 4223: 4154:WBF Youth Award 4092: 4072: 4053: 3957: 3911: 3885: 3859: 3698: 3663: 3644: 3605:Forcing defense 3593: 3581: 3580: 3452: 3451: 3401:Coup en passant 3391:Belladonna coup 3373: 3372: 3354: 3353: 3341: 3327:Trump promotion 3282:Percentage play 3216: 3197: 3181: 3107:Canapé (bridge) 3055: 2931:Inverted minors 2921:Hand evaluation 2891:Convention card 2840: 2821: 2782:Neuberg formula 2722:Contract bridge 2717:Computer bridge 2651: 2640: 2638:Contract bridge 2635: 2557: 2547: 2519: 2493: 2479:Mendelson, Paul 2462: 2435: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2410: 2375: 2311: 2284: 2265: 2263:Further reading 2260: 2246: 2224: 2198: 2179: 2157: 2090: 2053: 2016: 1990: 1971: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1788: 1783: 1770: 1765: 1750: 1746: 1715:Partner opens 1 1665: 1657: 1651: 1646: 1632:KQ = 1, KQJ = 2 1622: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1539: 1522: 1477: 1471: 1420: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1279:Andrew Kambites 1271: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1109: 1103: 1063: 1053: 1000: 976: 968: 959: 950: 945: 908: 834: 712: 557: 549: 540: 527: 511:void = 5 points 497:void = 3 points 480: 457: 448: 437: 427: 424: 421: 420: 418: 415:Howard Schenken 403:David Burnstine 383:queen = 1.5 HCP 377:ace = 4.5 HCP 342: 136: 95:Auction Tactics 87: 81: 73:hand evaluation 69: 46: 32:Contract bridge 30:Main articles: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4758: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4725: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4704:External links 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4592:The Cardturner 4588: 4581: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4545: 4540: 4534: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 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3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3577: 3575:Winkle squeeze 3572: 3567: 3562: 3560:Triple squeeze 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3530:Simple squeeze 3527: 3522: 3520:Pseudo-squeeze 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3485:Double squeeze 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3421:Loser on loser 3418: 3413: 3408: 3406:Crocodile coup 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3237:Avoidance play 3234: 3228: 3226: 3218: 3217: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3152:Precision Club 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3082:Bidding system 3079: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3021:Takeout double 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2876:Board (bridge) 2873: 2871:Bidding system 2868: 2863: 2858: 2852: 2850: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2692:Bridge scoring 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2667:Auction bridge 2663: 2661: 2653: 2652: 2642: 2641: 2634: 2633: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2555:External links 2553: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2532: 2517: 2497: 2491: 2475: 2466: 2460: 2448:Lawrence, Mike 2444: 2436:|journal= 2414: 2408: 2392: 2373: 2351: 2342: 2315: 2309: 2296: 2282: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2258: 2244: 2228: 2222: 2202: 2196: 2183: 2177: 2165:Magee, Bernard 2161: 2155: 2139: 2119:Jacoby, Oswald 2115: 2106:Goren, Charles 2102: 2088: 2065: 2051: 2028: 2014: 1994: 1988: 1975: 1969: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1908: 1896: 1887: 1872: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1821: 1809: 1800: 1786: 1768: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1664: 1661: 1653:Main article: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1621: 1620:Playing Tricks 1618: 1590: 1589: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1546: 1538: 1535: 1527:playing tricks 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1502: 1488: 1480:partnerships. 1473:Main article: 1470: 1467: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1419: 1416: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1362: 1355: 1354:KQJ = 1 loser. 1352: 1333: 1310: 1275:Eric Crowhurst 1270: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1177: 1142: 1123: 1120: 1105:Main article: 1102: 1099: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1027: 1026: 1020: 1013: 1012: 1009: 999: 996: 991: 990: 987: 984: 975: 972: 967: 964: 958: 955: 949: 946: 944: 941: 936: 935: 932: 925: 924: 921: 918: 907: 904: 903: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 871: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846:Samuel Stayman 833: 830: 771: 770: 767: 763: 762: 759: 755: 754: 751: 747: 746: 743: 739: 738: 735: 731: 730: 727: 723: 722: 719: 715: 714: 709: 697: 696: 693: 690: 687: 683: 682: 679: 676: 673: 669: 668: 665: 662: 659: 655: 654: 651: 648: 641: 638: 630: 629: 626: 623: 620: 616: 615: 612: 609: 606: 602: 601: 598: 595: 592: 588: 587: 584: 581: 574: 571: 556: 553: 548: 545: 539: 536: 526: 523: 519: 518: 515: 512: 505: 504: 501: 498: 479: 476: 471: 470: 467: 464: 456: 453: 447: 444: 435: 391: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 371: 370: 363: 362: 347: 346: 341: 338: 334: 333: 326: 323: 316:starting point 297: 296: 293: 290: 287: 283: 282: 279: 276: 273: 269: 268: 265: 262: 259: 255: 254: 251: 248: 241: 238: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 195: 192: 188: 187: 184: 181: 174: 171: 154: 153: 150: 147: 135: 132: 127: 126: 123: 120: 117: 83:Main article: 80: 77: 68: 65: 36:Bidding system 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4757: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4514: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Mini-Spingold 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4134:Rosenblum Cup 4132: 4130: 4129:McConnell Cup 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071:Championships 4068: 4064: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3855:United States 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3630:Rusinow leads 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3620:Rule of 10-12 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598:Defender play 3596: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3565:Trump squeeze 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3555:Strip squeeze 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3500:Guard squeeze 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3490:Entry squeeze 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3470:Clash squeeze 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3436:Scissors coup 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426:Merrimac coup 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3381:Alcatraz coup 3379: 3377: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346:Declarer play 3344: 3338: 3337:Vacant Places 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3297:Probabilities 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3208: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006:Single suiter 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2886:Brown sticker 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2856:Balanced hand 2854: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2832: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2787:Rubber bridge 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2682:Bridge maxims 2680: 2678: 2677:Bridge-O-Rama 2675: 2673: 2672:Bridge ethics 2670: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2620: 2618: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2529:0-517-56129-8 2526: 2520: 2518:0-517-56130-1 2514: 2509: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2492:0-905899-86-5 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2461:0-939460-27-0 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2428: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2409:0-575-071-486 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2374:0-9592305-2-1 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2310:0-575-05253-8 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2283:0-9634715-0-3 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2257: 2256:0-448-01746-6 2253: 2247: 2245:0-448-02094-7 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2223:0-609-80162-7 2219: 2214: 2213: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2178:1-85665-012-X 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2156:0-575-05690-8 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2089:0-943855-44-6 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2052:0-943855-48-9 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2015:0-9506279-2-5 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1970:0-9716636-5-3 1966: 1962: 1958: 1957:Bergen, Marty 1954: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1903: 1901: 1891: 1885: 1883: 1882:Bridge Canada 1876: 1867: 1865: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1830: 1825: 1816: 1814: 1804: 1798:Klinger, 1994 1795: 1793: 1791: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1748: 1741: 1738: 1720: 1713: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1663:Visualisation 1660: 1656: 1641: 1639: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1617: 1595: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1422:Main article 1415: 1411: 1408: 1407:control count 1404: 1400: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1382:Bernard Magee 1363: 1360: 1359:Harrison-Gray 1356: 1353: 1334: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1259: 1252: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1213: 1178: 1176:losing trick. 1143: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1108: 1098: 1046: 1043: 1035: 1029: 1021: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1003: 995: 988: 985: 982: 981: 980: 971: 963: 954: 940: 933: 930: 929: 928: 922: 919: 916: 915: 914: 911: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 875: 874: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 843: 842: 841: 838: 829: 827: 822: 820: 816: 812: 807: 788: 784: 782: 778: 768: 765: 760: 757: 752: 749: 744: 741: 736: 733: 728: 725: 720: 717: 710: 706: 703: 694: 691: 688: 685: 684: 680: 677: 674: 671: 670: 666: 663: 660: 657: 656: 652: 649: 647: 646: 639: 636: 635: 627: 624: 621: 618: 617: 613: 610: 607: 604: 603: 599: 596: 593: 590: 589: 585: 582: 580: 579: 572: 569: 568: 565: 561: 555:Control count 552: 544: 535: 531: 522: 516: 513: 510: 509: 508: 502: 499: 496: 495: 494: 491: 489: 485: 475: 468: 465: 462: 461: 460: 452: 443: 442: 434: 416: 412: 411:Oswald Jacoby 408: 404: 400: 395: 388: 385: 382: 380:king = 3 HCP 379: 376: 375: 374: 368: 367: 366: 360: 359: 358: 356: 350: 344: 343: 337: 331: 327: 324: 321: 320: 319: 317: 312: 309: 303: 294: 291: 288: 285: 284: 280: 277: 274: 271: 270: 266: 263: 260: 257: 256: 252: 249: 247: 246: 239: 236: 235: 227: 224: 221: 218: 217: 213: 210: 207: 204: 203: 199: 196: 193: 190: 189: 185: 182: 180: 179: 172: 169: 168: 165: 163: 158: 151: 148: 145: 144: 143: 141: 140:rule of thumb 131: 125:jack = 1 HCP 124: 122:queen = 2 HCP 121: 119:king = 3 HCP 118: 116:ace = 4 HCP 115: 114: 113: 111: 110:Charles Goren 107: 102: 100: 99:Auction Pitch 96: 92: 86: 76: 74: 64: 62: 58: 53: 51: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4688:TV and Radio 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4632: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4547: 4304:Goren Trophy 4259: 4104:Bermuda Bowl 3640:Smith signal 3615:Opening lead 3579: 3570:Vice squeeze 3545:Squeeze play 3450: 3416:Devil's coup 3371: 3352: 3317:Smother play 3287:Pin (bridge) 3252:Card reading 3167:Säffle Spade 3162:Romex system 3137:Little Major 3046:Weak two bid 3041:Void (cards) 3026:Three suiter 2920: 2911:Forcing pass 2772:Masterpoints 2697:Bridge whist 2536: 2506: 2482: 2470: 2451: 2427:cite journal 2418: 2399: 2396:Klinger, Ron 2380: 2359: 2355:Klinger, Ron 2346: 2327: 2300: 2273: 2270:Cohen, Larry 2235: 2232:Rubens, Jeff 2211: 2197:0-7134-25431 2187: 2168: 2147:Basic Bridge 2146: 2143:Klinger, Ron 2134: 2109: 2073: 2036: 2005: 1979: 1960: 1938: 1929: 1920: 1911: 1890: 1881: 1875: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1824: 1803: 1739: 1721: 1714: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1671: 1670:In his book 1669: 1666: 1658: 1635: 1623: 1591: 1540: 1537:Quick Tricks 1531:quick tricks 1530: 1526: 1523: 1508: 1504: 1499:Total tricks 1498: 1494: 1493:states that 1490: 1484: 1478: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1412: 1398: 1397:In his book 1396: 1272: 1217: 1114: 1110: 1051: 1001: 992: 977: 969: 960: 951: 937: 926: 912: 909: 872: 839: 835: 823: 808: 789: 785: 774: 700: 644: 643: 577: 576: 562: 558: 550: 541: 532: 528: 520: 506: 492: 481: 472: 458: 449: 438: 398: 396: 392: 389:ten = 0.25 372: 364: 351: 348: 335: 315: 313: 307: 304: 300: 244: 243: 177: 176: 159: 155: 137: 128: 103: 94: 88: 72: 70: 57:distribution 54: 47: 4235:Buffett Cup 3933:Crockford's 3902:Dallas Aces 3864:Other lists 3845:Switzerland 3815:New Zealand 3750:Netherlands 3446:Vienna coup 3367:Safety play 3186:Conventions 3147:Polish Club 3112:Carrot Club 3092:Boring Club 3016:Strong pass 2981:Psychic bid 2906:Forcing bid 2866:Bidding box 1676:Jeff Rubens 1403:Ron Klinger 1307:Ron Klinger 1269:LTC refined 826:Ron Klinger 340:Refinements 308:duplication 162:Jeff Rubens 134:Limitations 106:Milton Work 104:Called the 4734:Categories 4658:Magazines: 4349:Marcus Cup 4149:Venice Cup 3953:Savoy Club 3625:Rule of 11 3441:Trump coup 3157:Roman Club 3051:Zar Points 3031:Two suiter 3011:Stolen bid 2951:Minor suit 2946:Major suit 2777:Minibridge 2501:Root, Bill 2324:Cohen, Ben 2206:Root, Bill 1784:Root, 1998 1744:References 1655:Zar Points 1649:Zar Points 1061: A43 966:Rule of 19 957:Rule of 20 948:Rule of 22 653:A Q 9 8 5 640:K J 6 3 2 586:A Q 9 8 5 573:K J 6 3 2 4644:Magazines 4424:Reisinger 3907:Four Aces 3897:Blue Team 3710:Australia 3453:Squeezes: 3386:Bath coup 3242:Beer card 3215:Card play 3087:Blue Club 2702:Bridgette 2379:— (2009) 2338:560654187 2234:(1971) . 1949:Citations 1314:doubleton 1287:doubleton 713:Controls 4454:Spingold 3825:Pakistan 3730:Bulgaria 3332:Uppercut 3312:Shooting 3122:Fantunes 2961:Overcall 2916:Game try 2650:Overview 2503:(1986). 2481:(1998). 2450:(1983). 2421:(8): 26. 2357:(1986). 2292:92080759 2272:(1992). 2208:(1998). 2167:(2006). 2133:(1935). 2108:(1949). 2098:49606900 2061:96188639 2024:40299643 1959:(2002). 1364:KJ10 = 1 1071: 4 711:Expected 675:7 5 4 3 608:7 5 4 3 295:8 7 6 5 289:A 4 3 2 267:K J 9 4 261:A Q 3 2 228:8 7 6 5 208:K Q 3 2 200:K J 9 4 173:A Q J 2 61:controls 4081:General 3790:Ireland 3780:Hungary 3775:Germany 3765:Fiction 3760:England 3745:Denmark 3725:Britain 3715:Austria 3672:General 3362:Finesse 3277:Hold up 3262:Endplay 3225:General 3142:Moscito 3060:Systems 2966:Preempt 2896:Cue bid 2849:General 2839:Bidding 2817:Vugraph 2747:Goulash 2712:Chicago 2660:General 1614:⁠ 1602:⁠ 1600:where 1 1586:⁠ 1574:⁠ 1562:⁠ 1550:⁠ 1378:⁠ 1366:⁠ 1349:⁠ 1337:⁠ 1330:⁠ 1318:⁠ 1303:⁠ 1291:⁠ 1209:⁠ 1197:⁠ 1193:⁠ 1181:⁠ 1174:⁠ 1162:⁠ 1158:⁠ 1146:⁠ 1139:⁠ 1127:⁠ 692:♣ 686:♣ 678:♦ 672:♦ 664:♥ 658:♥ 650:♠ 637:♠ 625:♣ 619:♣ 611:♦ 605:♦ 597:♥ 591:♥ 583:♠ 570:♠ 538:Summary 484:ruffing 431:⁠ 419:⁠ 330:control 292:♣ 286:♣ 278:♦ 272:♦ 264:♥ 258:♥ 253:K 10 3 250:♠ 237:♠ 225:♣ 219:♣ 211:♦ 205:♦ 197:♥ 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