291:, respectively. The difference between no aces and four is clear to the Blackwood bidder (unless the partnership lacks all four) so one member of the partnership knows the combined number of aces. That is often sufficient to set the final contract. (A common agreement is that when spades is not the trump suit, 5
500:
Some partnerships use the club response to show 1 or 4 and the diamond response to show 3 or none, dubbed "1430" (coincidentally the score for making a vulnerable small slam in a major suit), with the original version being dubbed "3014" when distinction is necessary. In order to facilitate the Queen
305:
A void may be as good as an ace in some situations but it should not be counted as an ace. Some experts (Kantar for one) recommend the 5NT reply to 4NT – the cheapest with no standard assigned meaning – to show a void plus two aces and six of a suit to show a void in the bid suit plus one
247:
invitation to six notrump, a small slam. Over an intervening four of a suit by opponents it is usually played as a competitive raise, expecting to play four notrump. Those natural interpretations may hold in other auctions where the partnership has previously bid notrump naturally or shown a balanced
492:
replies tell nothing about the queen or extra length, but the 4NT bidder may ask about that using the cheapest bid other than five of the trump suit. The code for replies to that "queen ask" vary; a common rule is that the cheapest bid in the trump suit denies the queen or extra length and any other
798:
One disadvantage to this convention is that either the partnership must agree to lose the natural 4 level bid in trumps or have clear agreement on which sequences are slam seeking and which are natural bids. The advantage of this approach is that it conserves bidding space. For example, the use of
822:
It is usually played as the Roman Key Card
Blackwood, with only four key cards: the three Aces outside the void suit and the King of trumps. However, the asking bid is not 4NT, but the void suit — Voidwood is made by jumping on level 4 or 5 in the void suit after a fit has been found, for example:
496:
Roman Key Card
Blackwood is predicated on existence of a trump suit, which determines which of the four kings and queens responder should show as key cards. Trump agreement is not necessary, however. One common rule is that the last suit bid before 4NT bid is the key suit, lacking trump agreement.
58:
magazine but it was rejected. Nevertheless, it gained awareness and use amongst players and was written about by several authors. In his own first publication on the convention in 1949, Easley
Blackwood comments on the entries in books by others and noted that "...in every one of these books, they
818:
as an attempt to resolve the situation when the
Blackwood-asker has a void. In that case, he is not interested in the partner's ace in the void suit, as he already has the first-round control; partner's ace would present a duplicated value in that case. Many players, even experts, refuse to play
598:
Kickback has the advantage that it saves bidding space and, especially for minor-suit fits, provides safety at the 5-level if the required key cards are missing. Because the
Kickback bid would otherwise be a control bid, 4NT is usually substituted as the control bid in that suit (e.g., 4NT is a
416:
variant (see above). According to RKCB there are five equivalent key cards rather than just the four aces: the trump king is counted as the fifth key card. The key card replies to 4NT are more compressed than standard ones and they also begin to locate the queen of trumps.
362:
In practice, the ambiguity is unlikely to occur, as a strength difference between hands with 0 or 1 and 3 or 4 aces is big enough that it can be established in previous rounds of bidding. In other words, a partner who has previously shown, for example, 12-15 range of
468:
Although the replies to 4NT are more compressed, it is almost always possible to infer which number of keycards is correct: 0 or 3, 1 or 4, 2 or 5. Evidence for that inference includes the entire auction as well as the number of key cards that the 4NT bidder holds.
769:
One advantage of this approach is that it avoids the potential for misunderstanding that can occur when using
Minorwood but one disadvantage is that it uses up one more bid (than Minorwood) and might constrain the bidding later when asking for Kings or Queens.
137:
when responder has a void and his ace-showing response is in a suit of lower rank than the trump suit, he first tells partner the number of aces he has. If partner signs-off at the five-level, responder may continue to slam if his holding justifies
43:
would be a feasible contract. The essence of the convention is the use of an artificial 4NT bid made under certain conditions to ask partner how many aces he has; responses by partner are made in step-wise fashion to indicate the number held.
749:"Redwood" is a variation of Kickback that is only used when a minor suit is trumps. A 4 level bid in the suit above the agreed trump suit is the ace / key card ask and the name comes from the fact that this bid will always be a red suit:
501:
Ask, an experts' version has been developed, where "1430" is used by the strong hand and "3014" is used by the weak hand. There are specific rules which determine when the asker hand is the weak one and when it is the strong one.
480:
replies with 2 or 5 key cards also deny and show the trump queen, respectively. (Responder may also show the queen with extra length in trumps, where the ace and king will probably draw all outstanding cards in the suit.)
599:
control bid in hearts if the agreed trump suit is diamonds). The drawback is that in unpracticed partnerships there can be confusion as to whether a bid is
Kickback, a control bid or preference for a different strain:
133:
when responder has a void in the suit in which he would convey, at the five-level, the number of aces he possesses, he may jump to six of the void suit to convey both the number of aces and the location of the
191:
A jump to 5NT without employing the 4NT ace-asking bid is the
Culbertson Grand Slam Force and obliges partner to bid the grand slam if he holds two of the three top trumps and a small slam if he does not.
302:
shows no kings or four, etc. Asking for the number of kings confirms that the partnership holds all four aces, so partner may reply at the seven level with expectation of taking thirteen tricks.
59:
have it wrong!" He pointed out several misconceptions and concluded with a fifteen-point summary of the "complete and official" Blackwood Slam
Convention. A synopsis of that summary follows:
509:
A half-way house between standard
Blackwood and RKCB is Keycard Blackwood. Again there are five key cards, including the trump king, but unlike RKCB, the queen of trumps is not considered.
781:"Minorwood" is a variation of Blackwood, in which the minor suit which the partners agree will be trumps is itself used as the ace/key card ask. The ask will be at the four level. Hence:
295:
asks responder to bid 5NT. That is useful when the reply to 4NT bypasses the intended trump suit but also shows that slam is likely to be a poor contract because two aces are missing.)
194:
If the opponents interfere after the 4NT ace-asking bid, a Pass by responder indicates no aces, the suit one above the opponent's indicates one ace, two above indicates two and so on.
209:
Several versions of Blackwood are available: Standard Blackwood, Roman Blackwood and Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKC or RKCB). All versions are initiated by a bid of four notrump (
2311:
263:
Where both sides are bidding, 4NT is often played as a conventional takeout asking partner to help choose one of two or three suits, similar to a lower-level takeout double or
493:
call shows it. An option is for the positive calls to show a feature, such as a king in that suit, and 6 of the trump suit can show the queen of trumps with no outside kings.
1251:
734:
as Kickback, but West thought it was secondary support for hearts, and decided to pass with minimum values. As result, a reasonable grand slam in diamonds was missed.
35:
in 1933 and still widely used in the modern game. Its purpose is to enable the partnership to explore its possession of aces, kings and in some variants, the queen of
529:
This is advocated by Bernard Magee as being simpler for club players, as with RKCB players are sometimes unsure whether partner holds 0 or 3 key cards, or 1 or 4.
275:
Where standard Blackwood 4NT is in force, a four notrump bid (4NT) asks partner to disclose the number of aces in his hand. With no aces or four, partner replies 5
124:
When clubs are expected to be trumps, one must have at least two aces to employ 4NT ace-asking and when diamonds are to be trump, one must have at least one ace.
550:. The step responses are the same as in RKCB, but the ask is not necessarily 4NT. Instead it is the 4-level bid immediately above the agreed trump suit; i.e.:
243:
If the partnership's preceding call is a natural bid in notrump, then 4NT is usually played as natural. Over an opposing pass it is simply a raise and a
1244:
1214:
799:
Redwood reduces the risk of a misunderstanding but uses up one more bid and might constrain the bidding later when asking for Kings or Queens.
2493:
2437:
2836:
2432:
2332:
1219:
2872:
2736:
2731:
2472:
2447:
2442:
2402:
2387:
2352:
2342:
1237:
1204:
3091:
2867:
2477:
2377:
2357:
2337:
3081:
2651:
2462:
2457:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2382:
2362:
2347:
143:
If the 4NT bidder, after hearing partner's response, bids a previously unmentioned suit, responder must bid 5NT to end the auction.
322:
in the 1960s. In Roman Blackwood, the responses are more ambiguous, but more space-conserving. The basic outline of responses is:
244:
2498:
2452:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2367:
2710:
2467:
2412:
2372:
403:
The first available bid which is not the agreed suit is the Roman Blackwood for kings. The partner responds stepwise, as above.
3200:
2646:
1094:
1061:
264:
412:
Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKCB) has largely replaced the standard version among tournament players. It developed from the
40:
3235:
3031:
1081:
3242:
3071:
2946:
3273:
1578:
1374:
1187:
1159:
1145:
1113:
905:
874:
present a Voidwood, denoting the void in the suit bid and asking for other key cards. The responses are, as in RKCB:
52:
After developing the concept in 1933, Easley Blackwood submitted an article proposing his slam-seeking convention to
2503:
1854:
298:
The continuation bid of 5NT asks for the number of kings according to the same code of replies at the six-level: 6
3106:
2826:
2821:
2796:
2791:
2666:
2661:
2596:
2132:
1086:
3101:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2896:
2841:
2811:
2806:
2306:
1914:
237:
773:
Using "Redwood," the ace/key card ask of 4NT is still used when the trump suit is a major (hearts or spades).
3221:
3160:
2816:
1919:
116:
when notrump has previously been bid by partner and he subsequently removes one's four-level suit bid to 4NT
2991:
2891:
2786:
3362:
3086:
3021:
3001:
2906:
2656:
2641:
2606:
2591:
2157:
1815:
188:
To ask for kings via 5NT, one must first ask for aces via 4NT even when possessing all four aces oneself.
146:
An ace shown by a cuebid by either partner should not be counted in responding to the 4NT ace-asking bid.
766:
Once key cards have been identified the next step bid (other than trumps) can be used to ask for Kings.
3187:
3116:
2781:
2621:
2611:
2601:
1384:
1359:
1334:
920:
737:
An established partnership might have agreed that as hearts were not supported after opener's rebid, 4
3177:
3026:
2301:
1608:
1598:
3207:
2911:
1389:
930:
925:
233:
248:
hand conventionally. In some situations where 4NT is a quantitative invitation, especially where 4
3121:
2941:
2901:
2801:
2671:
2626:
2560:
1689:
1349:
236:, but almost all bridge partnerships employ some member of the Blackwood family (which includes
3249:
2981:
2766:
2741:
2636:
2570:
2172:
2117:
1658:
547:
225:
200:
After a 5NT king-asking bid, neither partner is captain and either can set the final contract.
3061:
3056:
2616:
2555:
2167:
2053:
1874:
1749:
1724:
2746:
1209:
3256:
3051:
3036:
3006:
2936:
2931:
2761:
2631:
2565:
1754:
1593:
1072:
1037:
32:
393:
If the querying partner ascertains that all aces are present, he can continue as follows:
8:
3317:
3016:
3011:
2831:
2316:
2162:
2137:
2102:
1558:
1429:
1137:
915:
229:
197:
Except in duplicate, the king-asking 5NT bid assures partner possession of all four aces.
28:
1199:
127:
The 4NT bidder is only partial captain of the auction and responder has certain rights:
3286:
3228:
3165:
3111:
3066:
2545:
2529:
2519:
1799:
1618:
1563:
1483:
1434:
1419:
1329:
1309:
1164:
319:
36:
3182:
1729:
130:
the 4NT bidder sets the level of the contract but partner may correct the denomination
3333:
3096:
2996:
2976:
2877:
2147:
2033:
1954:
1934:
1794:
1719:
1623:
1548:
1503:
1379:
1183:
1155:
1141:
1109:
1090:
1057:
900:
253:
3300:
3041:
2951:
2232:
2211:
2127:
2097:
2087:
2082:
1899:
1894:
1694:
1613:
1523:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1324:
1008:
910:
819:
Exclusion Blackwood because of the potential disaster of forgetting the agreement.
398:
54:
113:
Generally, 4NT is ace-asking when your side has bid a suit. There are exceptions:
3293:
2921:
2916:
2776:
2257:
2227:
2038:
2023:
2013:
1949:
1904:
1553:
1543:
1513:
1414:
1404:
1344:
1339:
1260:
364:
20:
1789:
613:
W E
390:- 5NT denote specific combinations of aces (same color, same rank, or "mixed").
3214:
2862:
2550:
2197:
2182:
2152:
2142:
2107:
2043:
2028:
1944:
1869:
1859:
1774:
1704:
1643:
1498:
1493:
1314:
1289:
152:
Partner's responses to the 5NT king-asking bid are made in step-wise fashion:
3356:
2986:
2756:
2751:
2252:
2242:
2187:
2177:
2122:
2112:
2092:
2058:
2048:
2018:
2003:
1959:
1889:
1879:
1628:
1508:
1478:
1409:
1304:
1299:
1294:
815:
77:
Partner's responses to the 4NT ace-asking bid are made in step-wise fashion:
69:
expect to be able to make at the five-level even if partner has no aces, and
2926:
2726:
2262:
2237:
2192:
1939:
1929:
1909:
1784:
1759:
1668:
1663:
1648:
1533:
1424:
1394:
1319:
1224:
1049:
370:
Even Roman Blackwood convention has several variations, revolving around 5
119:
when a previous opportunity to employ 4NT as ace-asking has not been taken
2857:
2524:
2068:
1989:
1769:
1734:
1714:
1638:
1603:
1528:
1488:
1172:
1129:
1076:
543:
2971:
2771:
2575:
2247:
2063:
1779:
1673:
1653:
1633:
1573:
1568:
1399:
378:
responses. In all variants, they denote 2 aces. One variation is that 5
3046:
2008:
1864:
1709:
210:
17:
3076:
1744:
1583:
1538:
149:
A 5NT bid after a response to a 4NT ace-asking bid, asks for kings.
1229:
741:
cannot possibly show support, and must be ace asking in diamonds.
1984:
1884:
1764:
1588:
1518:
1439:
1070:
1924:
1132:
in collaboration with Pat Husband and Andrew Kambites (1994).
72:
be prepared with a sound rebid no matter how partner responds
1739:
1699:
314:
A variation of the standard Blackwood convention, known as
66:
think your partnership has sufficient strength for a slam,
63:
In order to make the 4NT ace-asking bid, you must first:
1042:
Bridge Humanics, How to Play People as well as the Cards
2494:
List of bridge people with Knowledge (English) articles
1044:(1st ed.). Indianapolis: Droke House, Publishers.
213:), and the entire family of conventions may be called
1134:
Basic Bridge: the guide to good Acol bidding and play
878:
1st step – 0 or 3 key cards (1 or 4, if playing 1430)
204:
407:
3354:
1182:. Gollancz in association with Crawley, London.
240:) as part of their slam-investigation methods.
110:When responding, do not count a void as an ace.
47:
3143:
532:
1245:
1056:(5th ed.). Toronto: Master Point Press.
542:"Kickback" is the variant of RKCB devised by
367:is unlikely to hold 3 aces for his bid, etc.
2284:
1220:"Exclusion Keycard Blackwood" at Bridge Guys
1104:Root, William S.; Pavlicek, Richard (1981).
1103:
2837:World Transnational Open Teams Championship
1178:Eric Crowhurst and Andrew Kambites (1992).
1140:in association with Peter Crawley, London.
629:K 10 8 6 4 2
504:
2873:European Universities Bridge Championships
2737:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games
2732:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games
1252:
1238:
1215:"Blue Team Roman Blackwood" at Bridge Guys
1180:Understanding Acol: the good bidding guide
968:
966:
884:3rd step – 2 key cards without trump queen
386:does not. In other variations, responses 5
260:asks for the number of aces or key cards.
3092:United States Bridge Championships - Open
2868:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships
1205:"Roman Key Card Blackwood" at Bridge Guys
1036:
1011:, May 1981 Volume 52, Number 8, page 23.
224:There are other 4NT conventions, such as
2652:List of contract bridge governing bodies
1200:"Roman Key Card Blackwood" at Bridge Bum
462:– 2 or 5 key cards with the trump queen
1152:Mendelson's Guide to the Bidding Battle
1054:Roman Keycard Blackwood, the Final Word
963:
956:
954:
887:4th step – 2 key cards with trump queen
451:– 2 or 5 cards without the trump queen
3355:
2711:List of bridge competitions and awards
2312:List of nationality transfers in sport
1282:
1048:
802:
610:
3201:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know
3142:
3082:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams
2692:
2647:International Mind Sports Association
2283:
1836:
1460:
1271:
1233:
270:
252:is a jump, many partnerships use the
2885:North American bridge Championships:
951:
881:2nd step – 1 or 4 key cards (0 or 3)
3236:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge
3032:North American Bridge Championships
1259:
1082:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge
621:K 10 6 4 2
13:
3243:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand
2947:Keohane North American Swiss Teams
1123:
990:Root and Pavlicek (1981), page 236
309:
256:instead of the Blackwood family: 4
14:
3374:
3274:List of contract bridge magazines
2693:
1579:Optimum contract and par contract
1375:Glossary of contract bridge terms
1193:
1002:
906:Glossary of contract bridge terms
318:, was popularized by the Italian
279:; with one, two, or three aces, 5
205:Variations based on 4NT as asking
1210:"Roman Blackwood" at Bridge Guys
1169:The Bridge Players' Encyclopedia
972:Blackwood (1949), pages 252-255.
867:
792:
753:
709:
701:
557:
515:
489:
435:
340:
280:
163:
88:
3072:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs
2827:World Senior Teams Championship
2822:World Senior Pairs Championship
2797:World Junior Teams Championship
2792:World Junior Pairs Championship
2667:United States Bridge Federation
2662:South African Bridge Federation
2597:American Contract Bridge League
2133:Non-simultaneous double squeeze
1167:and Rhoda Barrow, eds. (1967).
1087:American Contract Bridge League
1085:(7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS:
408:Roman Key Card Blackwood (RKCB)
3102:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs
2967:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs
2957:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs
2897:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs
2842:World Women Pairs Championship
2812:World Mixed Teams Championship
2807:World Mixed Pairs Championship
2307:List of contract bridge people
1915:Principle of restricted choice
1018:
993:
984:
975:
942:
871:
844:
838:
760:
738:
731:
715:
695:
687:
681:
579:
568:
521:
477:
473:
457:
446:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
351:
292:
288:
284:
177:
170:
102:
95:
1:
3222:Contract Bridge for Beginners
3161:List of contract bridge books
2817:World Open Pairs Championship
2499:List of bridge administrators
1837:
1154:. Colt Books, Cambridge, UK.
1030:
863:
852:
785:
601:
485:
424:
329:
299:
276:
257:
249:
156:
81:
3107:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams
2992:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams
2892:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge
2787:World IMP Pairs Championship
1272:
1075:; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey;
849:
835:
776:
720:
706:
692:
678:
48:Blackwood's original summary
7:
3087:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams
3022:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams
3002:Nail Life Master Open Pairs
2962:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams
2907:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match
2657:Norwegian Bridge Federation
2642:Hungarian Bridge Federation
2607:Brazilian Bridge Federation
2592:American Bridge Association
2158:Simultaneous double squeeze
1816:List of bidding conventions
1461:
1225:Eddie Kantar's bidding tips
960:Blackwood (1949), page 192.
894:
649:A Q 10 4
537:
533:Variations not based on 4NT
382:shows extra values, while 5
221:in the key card variation.
10:
3379:
3188:Terence Reese bibliography
3144:Publications and resources
2782:World Bridge Championships
2622:Canadian Bridge Federation
2612:Bridge Federation of India
2602:Austrian Bridge Federation
1385:History of contract bridge
1360:Duplicate bridge movements
1108:. Crown Trade Paperbacks.
921:Quantitative no trump bids
744:
643:K J 9 7
3326:
3310:
3266:
3178:Edwin Kantar bibliography
3153:
3149:
3138:
3027:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs
2850:
2719:
2703:
2699:
2688:
2584:
2538:
2512:
2486:
2325:
2302:ACBL Youngest Life Master
2294:
2290:
2279:
2220:
1968:
1847:
1843:
1832:
1808:
1682:
1609:Quantitative notrump bids
1599:Principle of fast arrival
1471:
1467:
1456:
1278:
1267:
1106:Modern Bridge Conventions
831:
828:
674:
671:
3208:Bridge Squeezes Complete
3183:Hugh Kelsey bibliography
2912:Fall National Open Pairs
2285:People and organizations
1390:Laws of Duplicate Bridge
936:
931:Slam-seeking conventions
926:San Francisco convention
505:Key Card Blackwood (KCB)
267:reply to such a double.
3117:Whitehead Women's Pairs
2942:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams
2802:World Mind Sports Games
2672:World Bridge Federation
2627:Dutch Bridge Federation
2561:Galatasaray Bridge Team
1855:List of play techniques
1690:List of bidding systems
1350:Contract bridge diagram
1150:Paul Mendelson (1998).
1024:Manley (2011), page 52.
981:Kantar (2008), page 44.
948:Manley (2011), page 270
546:in accordance with the
183:6NT to indicate 4 kings
84:to indicate 0 or 4 aces
3250:Right Through the Pack
2982:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs
2767:Triple crown of bridge
2742:Cavendish Invitational
2637:European Bridge League
2571:Portland Club (London)
2504:List of bridge writers
2173:Stepping-stone squeeze
2118:Entry-shifting squeeze
1755:Kaplan–Sheinwold
1659:Useful space principle
999:Kantar (2008), page 8.
548:Useful Space Principle
226:Culbertson 4-5 Notrump
3062:Senior Knockout Teams
3057:Roth Open Swiss Teams
2617:British Bridge League
1750:Highly unusual method
1725:Bridge World Standard
512:5♣ – 0 or 4 key cards
217:in both versions, or
3257:Tickets to the Devil
3052:Rockwell Mixed Pairs
3037:North American Pairs
3007:National 199er Pairs
2937:Hilliard Mixed Pairs
2932:Grand National Teams
2762:Senior Bowl (bridge)
2632:English Bridge Union
2566:Melville Bridge Club
1594:Prepared opening bid
795:– RKCB for diamonds
763:– RKCB for diamonds
573:– RKCB for diamonds
25:Blackwood convention
3318:Grand Slam (BBC TV)
3122:Young LM–1500 Pairs
3017:National 99er Pairs
3012:National 49er Pairs
2902:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs
2832:World Team Olympiad
2317:Bridge Headquarters
2163:Single-suit squeeze
2138:Progressive squeeze
2103:Criss-cross squeeze
1559:Law of total tricks
1430:Traveling scoreslip
1138:Victor Gollancz Ltd
1013:Exclusion Blackwood
916:Norman four notrump
808:Exclusion Blackwood
803:Exclusion Blackwood
518:– 1 or 5 key cards
440:– 1 or 4 key cards
429:– 0 or 3 key cards
238:Byzantine Blackwood
230:Norman Four Notrump
180:to indicate 3 kings
173:to indicate 2 kings
159:to indicate 0 kings
39:to judge whether a
16:In the partnership
3363:Bridge conventions
3229:Design for Bidding
3166:Master Point Press
3112:Wernher Open Pairs
3067:Silodor Open Pairs
2851:National and Zonal
2546:Bridge Base Online
2326:Players by country
2205:Suit combinations:
2054:Morton's fork coup
1800:Strong club system
1619:Sacrifice (bridge)
1564:Losing-Trick Count
1484:Balancing (bridge)
1420:Singaporean bridge
1330:Cheating in bridge
1310:Bridge Murder case
663:A 5 3
592:– RKCB for spades
584:– RKCB for hearts
271:Standard Blackwood
166:to indicate 1 king
105:to indicate 3 aces
98:to indicate 2 aces
29:bidding convention
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3334:Bridge Base Basic
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3097:Vanderbilt Trophy
2997:Mott-Smith Trophy
2977:Master Individual
2878:Gold Cup (bridge)
2747:Computer Olympiad
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2148:Saturated squeeze
2034:Deschapelles coup
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1795:Standard American
1720:Bridge Base Basic
1624:Shooting (bridge)
1549:Honor point count
1504:Bridge convention
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1380:High card by suit
1096:978-0-939460-99-1
1063:978-1-897106-35-8
1038:Blackwood, Easely
901:Gerber convention
860:
859:
814:. was devised by
788:– RKCB for clubs
756:– RKCB for clubs
728:
727:
667:
666:
596:
595:
562:– RKCB for clubs
526:5♠ – 3 key cards
466:
465:
360:
359:
254:Gerber convention
91:to indicate 1 ace
3370:
3301:The Bridge World
3283:
3282:
3197:
3196:
3175:
3174:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3139:
3042:Red Ribbon Pairs
2952:Lebhar IMP Pairs
2887:
2886:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2689:
2585:Governing bodies
2292:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2233:Journalist leads
2212:Suit combination
2207:
2206:
2128:Knockout squeeze
2098:Compound squeeze
2088:Cannibal squeeze
2083:Backwash squeeze
2078:
2077:
1999:
1998:
1980:
1979:
1895:Grosvenor gambit
1845:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1695:2/1 game forcing
1614:Reverse (bridge)
1524:Five-card majors
1469:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1365:Five-suit bridge
1355:Duplicate bridge
1280:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1119:
1100:
1067:
1045:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1009:The Bridge World
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
961:
958:
949:
946:
911:Grand slam force
873:
869:
865:
854:
846:
840:
826:
825:
794:
787:
762:
755:
740:
733:
717:
711:
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689:
683:
669:
668:
602:
581:
570:
559:
553:
552:
523:
517:
491:
487:
479:
475:
459:
448:
437:
426:
420:
419:
399:Grand slam force
389:
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381:
377:
373:
353:
342:
331:
325:
324:
301:
294:
290:
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104:
97:
90:
83:
55:The Bridge World
33:Easley Blackwood
3378:
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3373:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3338:
3322:
3306:
3294:Bridge Magazine
3287:Bridge d'Italia
3280:
3279:
3262:
3194:
3193:
3173:Bibliographies:
3172:
3171:
3145:
3126:
2922:Fishbein Trophy
2917:Fast Open Pairs
2884:
2883:
2846:
2777:WBF Youth Award
2715:
2695:
2676:
2580:
2534:
2508:
2482:
2321:
2286:
2267:
2228:Forcing defense
2216:
2204:
2203:
2075:
2074:
2024:Coup en passant
2014:Belladonna coup
1996:
1995:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1950:Trump promotion
1905:Percentage play
1839:
1820:
1804:
1730:Canapé (bridge)
1678:
1554:Inverted minors
1544:Hand evaluation
1514:Convention card
1463:
1444:
1405:Neuberg formula
1345:Contract bridge
1340:Computer bridge
1274:
1263:
1261:Contract bridge
1258:
1196:
1126:
1124:Further reading
1116:
1097:
1079:, eds. (2011).
1071:Manley, Brent;
1064:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
985:
980:
976:
971:
964:
959:
952:
947:
943:
939:
897:
891:
805:
779:
747:
730:East intended 4
540:
535:
525:
519:
513:
507:
414:Roman Blackwood
410:
316:Roman Blackwood
312:
310:Roman Blackwood
273:
207:
50:
21:contract bridge
12:
11:
5:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3327:External links
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3276:
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3218:
3215:The Cardturner
3211:
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2863:Camrose Trophy
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2551:Cavendish Club
2548:
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2240:
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2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2200:
2198:Winkle squeeze
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Triple squeeze
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2153:Simple squeeze
2150:
2145:
2143:Pseudo-squeeze
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2108:Double squeeze
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Loser on loser
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Crocodile coup
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
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1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:Avoidance play
1857:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1812:
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1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Precision Club
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Bidding system
1702:
1697:
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1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
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1644:Takeout double
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1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Board (bridge)
1496:
1494:Bidding system
1491:
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1481:
1475:
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1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1315:Bridge scoring
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:Auction bridge
1286:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1194:External links
1192:
1191:
1190:
1176:
1162:
1148:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1101:
1095:
1068:
1062:
1046:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1015:by Ron Gerard.
1001:
992:
983:
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950:
940:
938:
935:
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933:
928:
923:
918:
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438:
431:
430:
427:
409:
406:
405:
404:
401:
358:
357:
354:
347:
346:
345:– 1 or 4 aces
343:
336:
335:
334:– 0 or 3 aces
332:
311:
308:
272:
269:
206:
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2987:Mini-Spingold
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2760:
2758:
2757:Rosenblum Cup
2755:
2753:
2752:McConnell Cup
2750:
2748:
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2740:
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2728:
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2724:
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2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:Championships
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2521:
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2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2478:United States
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
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2451:
2449:
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2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Rusinow leads
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Rule of 10-12
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:Defender play
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Trump squeeze
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Strip squeeze
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Guard squeeze
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Entry squeeze
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Clash squeeze
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Scissors coup
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Merrimac coup
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Alcatraz coup
2002:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:Declarer play
1967:
1961:
1960:Vacant Places
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Probabilities
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Single suiter
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:Brown sticker
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Balanced hand
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Rubber bridge
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Bridge maxims
1303:
1301:
1300:Bridge-O-Rama
1298:
1296:
1295:Bridge ethics
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:0-575-05253-8
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:0-905899-86-5
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:0-575-05690-8
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1115:0-517-58727-0
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:Kantar, Eddie
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
967:
957:
955:
945:
941:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
892:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
875:
856:
850:
842:
836:
827:
824:
820:
817:
816:Bobby Goldman
813:
809:
800:
796:
789:
782:
774:
771:
767:
764:
757:
750:
742:
735:
724:
721:
713:
707:
699:
693:
685:
679:
670:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
620:
617:
615:
614:
607:
604:
603:
600:
591:
588:
587:
583:
577:
576:
572:
566:
565:
561:
555:
554:
551:
549:
545:
530:
527:
524:– 2 key cards
510:
502:
498:
494:
482:
470:
461:
455:
454:
450:
444:
443:
439:
433:
432:
428:
422:
421:
418:
415:
402:
400:
396:
395:
394:
391:
368:
366:
355:
349:
348:
344:
338:
337:
333:
327:
326:
323:
321:
317:
307:
303:
296:
268:
266:
261:
255:
246:
241:
239:
235:
234:San Francisco
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
215:Blackwood 4NT
212:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
182:
175:
168:
161:
154:
153:
151:
148:
145:
142:
136:
132:
129:
128:
126:
123:
118:
115:
114:
112:
109:
100:
93:
86:
79:
78:
76:
71:
68:
65:
64:
62:
61:
60:
57:
56:
45:
42:
38:
34:
31:developed by
30:
26:
22:
19:
3311:TV and Radio
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3170:
2927:Goren Trophy
2882:
2727:Bermuda Bowl
2263:Smith signal
2238:Opening lead
2202:
2193:Vice squeeze
2168:Squeeze play
2073:
2039:Devil's coup
1994:
1975:
1940:Smother play
1910:Pin (bridge)
1875:Card reading
1790:Säffle Spade
1785:Romex system
1760:Little Major
1669:Weak two bid
1664:Void (cards)
1649:Three suiter
1534:Forcing pass
1395:Masterpoints
1320:Bridge whist
1179:
1168:
1151:
1133:
1105:
1080:
1077:Rigal, Barry
1073:Horton, Mark
1053:
1041:
1020:
1012:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
944:
890:
861:
821:
811:
807:
806:
797:
790:
783:
780:
772:
768:
765:
758:
751:
748:
736:
729:
612:
611:
597:
541:
528:
511:
508:
499:
495:
483:
471:
467:
413:
411:
392:
369:
361:
315:
313:
304:
297:
274:
262:
245:quantitative
242:
223:
219:Key Card 4NT
218:
214:
208:
53:
51:
24:
15:
2858:Buffett Cup
2556:Crockford's
2525:Dallas Aces
2487:Other lists
2468:Switzerland
2438:New Zealand
2373:Netherlands
2069:Vienna coup
1990:Safety play
1809:Conventions
1770:Polish Club
1735:Carrot Club
1715:Boring Club
1639:Strong pass
1604:Psychic bid
1529:Forcing bid
1489:Bidding box
1173:Paul Hamlyn
1130:Ron Klinger
544:Jeff Rubens
397:5NT is the
365:high points
3281:Magazines:
2972:Marcus Cup
2772:Venice Cup
2576:Savoy Club
2248:Rule of 11
2064:Trump coup
1780:Roman Club
1674:Zar Points
1654:Two suiter
1634:Stolen bid
1574:Minor suit
1569:Major suit
1400:Minibridge
1031:References
608:A 3
3267:Magazines
3047:Reisinger
2530:Four Aces
2520:Blue Team
2333:Australia
2076:Squeezes:
2009:Bath coup
1865:Beer card
1838:Card play
1710:Blue Club
1325:Bridgette
1175:, London.
1165:Ben Cohen
862:Bids of 5
777:Minorwood
356:– 2 aces
320:Blue Team
18:card game
3357:Category
3077:Spingold
2448:Pakistan
2353:Bulgaria
1955:Uppercut
1935:Shooting
1745:Fantunes
1584:Overcall
1539:Game try
1273:Overview
1052:(2008).
1040:(1949).
895:See also
812:Voidwood
538:Kickback
2704:General
2413:Ireland
2403:Hungary
2398:Germany
2388:Fiction
2383:England
2368:Denmark
2348:Britain
2338:Austria
2295:General
1985:Finesse
1900:Hold up
1885:Endplay
1848:General
1765:Moscito
1683:Systems
1589:Preempt
1519:Cue bid
1472:General
1462:Bidding
1440:Vugraph
1370:Goulash
1335:Chicago
1283:General
745:Redwood
660:♣
654:♣
646:♦
640:♦
632:♥
626:♥
618:♠
605:♠
3195:Books:
2473:Taiwan
2463:Sweden
2458:Russia
2453:Poland
2443:Norway
2433:Monaco
2428:Mexico
2418:Israel
2393:France
2358:Canada
2343:Brazil
2258:Signal
1997:Coups:
1978:Basic:
1925:Revoke
1415:Screen
1186:
1158:
1144:
1112:
1093:
1060:
287:, or 5
265:cuebid
37:trumps
23:, the
3154:Books
2720:World
2539:Clubs
2513:Teams
2423:Italy
2408:India
2378:Egypt
2363:China
1945:Tempo
1890:Entry
1870:Caddy
1435:Trump
937:Notes
870:and 5
832:East
829:West
675:East
672:West
488:and 5
484:The 5
476:and 5
472:The 5
374:and 5
306:ace.
134:void.
27:is a
2019:Coup
1930:Ruff
1880:Duck
1740:EHAA
1700:Acol
1425:Suit
1184:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1058:ISBN
722:Pass
232:and
41:slam
866:, 5
810:or
589:4NT
283:, 5
211:4NT
138:it.
3359::
1171:.
1136:.
1089:.
965:^
953:^
657:8
635:A
228:,
1253:e
1246:t
1239:v
1118:.
1099:.
1066:.
872:♥
868:♦
864:♣
853:♣
851:5
845:♠
843:3
839:♠
837:1
793:♦
791:4
786:♣
784:4
761:♥
759:4
754:♦
752:4
739:♥
732:♥
716:♥
714:4
710:♦
708:4
702:♦
700:3
696:♥
694:2
688:♠
686:1
682:♥
680:1
580:♠
578:4
569:♥
567:4
558:♦
556:4
522:♥
520:5
516:♦
514:5
490:♦
486:♣
478:♠
474:♥
458:♠
456:5
447:♥
445:5
436:♦
434:5
425:♣
423:5
388:♥
384:♥
380:♠
376:♠
372:♥
352:♥
350:5
341:♦
339:5
330:♣
328:5
300:♣
293:♠
289:♠
285:♥
281:♦
277:♣
258:♣
250:♣
178:♠
176:6
171:♥
169:6
164:♦
162:6
157:♣
155:6
103:♠
101:5
96:♥
94:5
89:♦
87:5
82:♣
80:5
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