249:
347:
40:
330:
276:) were used to create a new type of draught and beef cattle which at first varied in colour, with herds ranging from yellow to grey and light brown, and with varying amounts of white. By the end of the 18th century the white face characteristic of the modern breed was well established, as was the modern colour during the 19th century.
362:) occurs in Herefords, notably in countries with continued bright sunlight and among those that prefer traits of low levels of red pigmentation round the eye. Studies of eye cancer in Hereford cattle in the US and Canada showed lid and corneoscleral pigment to be heritable and likely to decrease the risk of cancer.
337:
Many strains of
Hereford have used other cattle breeds to import desired characteristics, which has led to changes in the breed as a whole. However, some strains have been kept separate and retained characteristics of the earlier breed, such as hardiness and thriftiness. The Traditional Hereford is
963:
W. H. Smith and L. A. Holland. "Dwarfism in Beef Cattle". Dwarfism in Beef Cattle. Proc. Of 41st Annual
Livestock Feeders' Day, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. N.p.: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Salon, n.d. 34-38. Kansas State University Libraries. Web. 3 November 2016.
239:
in those countries and in the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden in Europe; in Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay in South America; in New Zealand; and in South Africa.
877:
313:
with 11 naturally polled cattle. The
American Polled Hereford Association (APHA) was formed in 1910. The American Polled Hereford and American Hereford breeds have been combined since 1995 under the same
279:
The
Hereford is still seen in the Herefordshire countryside today and featured strongly at agricultural shows. The first imports of Herefords to the United States were made about 1817 by the politician
376:
is known to occur in
Hereford cattle, caused by an autosomal recessive gene. Equal occurrence in heifers and bulls means that dwarfism is not considered a sex-linked characteristic.
366:
is considered a heritable problem, but may also be influenced by nutrition. Another problem is exposed skin on the udder being of light pigmentation and so vulnerable to
427:
1716:
264:
Until the 18th century, the cattle of
Herefordshire resembled other cattle of southern England, being wholly red with a white switch, similar to the modern
1072:
1039:
2196:
1023:
1028:
2201:
691:
220:
It has spread to many countries; in 2023 the populations reported by 62 countries totalled over seven million head; populations of over
947:
445:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2023.
430:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2023.
442:
718:
761:
826:
1065:
248:
495:
214:
17:
1033:
213:
from the mid-eighteenth century by a few families in
Herefordshire, beginning some decades before the noted work of
1387:
1058:
674:
789:"Observations on pigmentation of eyelids of Hereford cattle in relation to occurrence of ocular epitheliomas"
315:
235:. It was present in Australia before 1850, and in Argentina from 1858. In the twenty-first century there are
1045:
977:
Jan M. Jones and R. D. Jolly. "Dwarfism in
Hereford Cattle: A Genetic Morphological and Biochemical Study."
2191:
1467:
1392:
1402:
231:
in the United States in 1817; the modern
American Hereford derives from a herd established in 1840 in
2046:
1782:
2186:
1875:
346:
309:
cattle rancher Warren Gammon capitalised on the idea of breeding Polled Herefords and started the
39:
1860:
945:
81st Western Veterinary Conference: Medical and Surgical Management of Vaginal Prolapse in Cattle
363:
359:
253:
227:
were reported by Uruguay, Brazil and Chile. The breed reached Ireland in 1775, and a few went to
2206:
2181:
1933:
1855:
1802:
1422:
719:"Red Centre cattle property Mt Skinner sold to South Australian family for almost $ 10 million"
206:
624:
2011:
1948:
1683:
1557:
400:
194:
1762:
1622:
1457:
1397:
1252:
944:
385:
351:
428:
Breed data sheet: Hereford / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cattle)
8:
1928:
1850:
1637:
1627:
1407:
1292:
1247:
1050:
1772:
1632:
1587:
1522:
1313:
1308:
1193:
1183:
1138:
265:
210:
159:
2147:
2051:
1996:
1913:
1817:
1663:
1532:
1497:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1341:
1323:
915:
846:
800:
618:
491:
765:
484:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
2124:
2071:
2041:
1711:
1597:
1517:
1417:
1267:
1148:
1133:
965:
907:
854:
838:
788:
508:
300:
293:
232:
2129:
2026:
2006:
2001:
1938:
1870:
1865:
1840:
1792:
1787:
1668:
1617:
1612:
1602:
1462:
1287:
1277:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1163:
1153:
1128:
951:
678:
656:
639:
529:
485:
456:
395:
236:
2152:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2076:
1991:
1835:
1706:
1642:
1592:
1567:
1547:
1502:
1447:
1412:
1272:
1123:
1118:
932:
310:
2175:
2119:
2094:
2031:
1923:
1757:
1678:
1658:
1607:
1527:
1437:
1318:
1226:
1188:
1143:
1085:
911:
620:
History of Hereford Cattle: Proven Conclusively the Oldest of Improved Breeds
269:
202:
2036:
1807:
1797:
1572:
1552:
1492:
1262:
1231:
1203:
1173:
850:
842:
804:
599:
581:
563:
390:
49:
919:
2114:
2061:
2021:
1767:
1673:
1562:
1537:
1512:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1346:
1168:
1110:
545:
198:
1003:
786:
2066:
1943:
1918:
1827:
1698:
1688:
1577:
1333:
743:
329:
292:
The Polled Hereford is an American hornless variant of Hereford with a
281:
1812:
1777:
1452:
1257:
1178:
1081:
273:
2056:
1507:
1482:
1282:
762:"British Rare Breed Survival Trust watchlist: Traditional Hereford"
373:
338:
now treated as a minority breed of value for genetic conservation.
272:
breeds. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, other cattle (mainly
228:
1983:
1971:
1582:
367:
1013:
898:
D. E. Anderson (1991). "Genetic Study of Eye Cancer in Cattle".
2016:
1098:
671:
170:
60:
824:
2139:
1845:
1369:
257:
45:
2086:
1898:
1542:
993:
487:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
306:
296:
1018:
998:
933:
A Study of Vaginal and Uterine Prolapse in Hereford Cattle
1739:
1080:
1008:
827:"The Hereditary Aspect of Eye Cancer in Hereford Cattle"
787:
H R Guilbert; A Wahid; K A Wagnon; P W Gregory (1948).
641:
The Western Rural Year Book, a Cyclopedia of Reference
321:
In Australia the breed is known as the Poll Hereford.
617:
Miller, Timothy Lathrop; Sotham, William H. (1902).
546:"Hereford Cattle, Ashford Carbonel (C) Richard Webb"
252:Bull of Mr. Jeffries, winner of first prize of the
661:. Waukesha, Wisc.: David Roberts. pp. 131–32.
623:. Chillicothe, Missouri: T. F. B. Sotham. p.
532:A History of British Livestock Husbandry 1700–1900
509:"Early Chronology of the Hereford Breed 1723-1955"
284:, with larger importation beginning in the 1840s.
1029:List of Other International Hereford Associations
2173:
966:http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/13309
1024:List of US State/National Hereford Associations
897:
1066:
616:
1073:
1059:
875:
303:selected into a separate breed from 1889.
38:
1040:The Origin and Growth of Polled Herefords
825:R R Woodward; Bradford Knapp, Jr (1950).
600:"National Hereford Show (C) Richard Webb"
564:"National Hereford Show (C) Richard Webb"
345:
328:
247:
654:
610:
582:"Here comes the judge (C) Richard Webb"
534:, Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp 100–103.
501:
454:
324:
14:
2174:
644:. Chicago: Milton George. p. 247.
637:
511:. The Hereford Herd Book Society. 1995
480:
478:
476:
438:
436:
1969:
1896:
1737:
1367:
1096:
1054:
716:
461:. Chicago: Sanders Publishing Company
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
2197:Cattle breeds originating in England
744:"Traditional Hereford Breeders Club"
696:NSW Department of Primary Industries
490:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
2202:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist
473:
433:
24:
412:
287:
25:
2218:
1034:Polled Hereford Breed Information
987:
209:of England. It was the result of
1046:Romanian Hereford cattle Society
1019:New Zealand Hereford Association
971:
957:
938:
926:
891:
869:
818:
780:
754:
736:
710:
684:
665:
648:
631:
592:
979:New Zealand Veterinary Journal
692:"Cattle breeds: Poll hereford"
574:
556:
538:
523:
448:
13:
1:
1009:Canadian Hereford Association
999:American Hereford Association
443:Transboundary breed: Hereford
406:
316:American Hereford Association
1014:Irish Hereford Breed Society
748:www.traditionalherefords.org
717:Price, Jack (31 July 2019).
638:George, Milton, ed. (1886).
7:
1970:
1468:Devon and Cornwall Longwool
1042:- Oklahoma State University
1004:Australian Hereford Society
954:Retrieved 22 December 2009.
935:Retrieved 22 December 2009.
876:Gerry Watt (January 2006).
681:. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
530:Trow-Smith, Robert (1959),
379:
105:1075 kg (2350 lb)
10:
2223:
1388:Badger Face Welsh Mountain
1097:
458:The story of the Herefords
455:Sanders, Alvin H. (1914).
243:
112:675 kg (1500 lb)
2138:
2085:
2047:Old English Pheasant Fowl
1982:
1978:
1965:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1892:
1826:
1783:Gloucestershire Old Spots
1750:
1746:
1733:
1697:
1651:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1332:
1301:
1240:
1202:
1109:
1105:
1092:
831:Journal of Animal Science
793:Journal of Animal Science
341:
165:
154:
146:
121:
96:
91:
83:
75:
67:
56:
37:
27:British beef cattle breed
1876:Yorkshire Blue and White
1738:
658:Cattle Breeds and Origin
333:Cow with cross-bred calf
178:Bos (primigenius) taurus
137:140 cm (55 in)
130:152 cm (60 in)
1861:Lincolnshire Curly Coat
1309:Chillingham Wild Cattle
900:The Journal of Heredity
655:Roberts, David (1916).
360:squamous cell carcinoma
254:Royal Agricultural Show
1803:Oxford Sandy and Black
1423:Brecknock Hill Cheviot
994:World Hereford Council
912:10.1093/jhered/82.1.21
878:"Eye Cancer in Cattle"
843:10.2527/jas1950.94578x
677:3 October 2014 at the
355:
334:
261:
79:more than 60 countries
1558:North Country Cheviot
1393:Balwen Welsh Mountain
981:30.12 (1982): 185-89.
401:List of cattle breeds
349:
332:
251:
1458:Derbyshire Gritstone
1403:Black Welsh Mountain
1398:Beulah Speckled Face
950:15 July 2011 at the
672:"Associations merge"
386:Hereford United F.C.
325:Traditional Hereford
1851:Irish Greyhound Pig
1638:Whitefaced Woodland
1408:Bluefaced Leicester
1293:Whitebred Shorthorn
698:. 13 September 2007
604:www.geograph.org.uk
586:www.geograph.org.uk
568:www.geograph.org.uk
550:www.geograph.org.uk
358:Eye cancer (ocular
63:(2023): not at risk
57:Conservation status
34:
2192:Beef cattle breeds
1856:Large White Ulster
1773:British Saddleback
1633:Whiteface Dartmoor
1588:Scottish Blackface
1523:Leicester Longwool
768:on 20 January 2010
356:
335:
262:
211:selective breeding
32:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
1997:Derbyshire Redcap
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1934:British Primitive
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1818:Wessex Saddleback
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1664:Castlemilk Moorit
1498:Greyface Dartmoor
1428:British Milksheep
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
187:
186:
68:Country of origin
18:Hereford (cattle)
16:(Redirected from
2214:
2125:Silver Appleyard
2042:Old English Game
1980:
1979:
1967:
1966:
1907:
1906:
1894:
1893:
1763:British Landrace
1748:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1712:Scottish Dunface
1418:Border Leicester
1378:
1377:
1365:
1364:
1149:English Longhorn
1107:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1052:
1051:
982:
975:
969:
961:
955:
942:
936:
930:
924:
923:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
853:. Archived from
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
764:. Archived from
758:
752:
751:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
688:
682:
669:
663:
662:
652:
646:
645:
635:
629:
628:
614:
608:
607:
596:
590:
589:
578:
572:
571:
560:
554:
553:
542:
536:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
505:
499:
482:
471:
470:
468:
466:
452:
446:
440:
431:
425:
364:Vaginal prolapse
301:genetic mutation
233:Albany, New York
226:
225:
201:originally from
179:
173:
42:
35:
31:
21:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2187:Hereford cattle
2172:
2171:
2170:
2157:
2134:
2130:Welsh Harlequin
2081:
2027:Modern Langshan
1974:
1953:
1939:Golden Guernsey
1901:
1880:
1841:Dorset Gold Tip
1822:
1742:
1721:
1693:
1684:North Ronaldsay
1647:
1463:Devon Closewool
1372:
1351:
1328:
1297:
1236:
1217:Dairy Shorthorn
1198:
1129:Belted Galloway
1101:
1088:
1079:
990:
985:
976:
972:
962:
958:
952:Wayback Machine
943:
939:
931:
927:
896:
892:
882:
880:
874:
870:
860:
858:
857:on 25 July 2008
823:
819:
809:
807:
785:
781:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
742:
741:
737:
727:
725:
715:
711:
701:
699:
690:
689:
685:
679:Wayback Machine
670:
666:
653:
649:
636:
632:
615:
611:
598:
597:
593:
580:
579:
575:
562:
561:
557:
544:
543:
539:
528:
524:
514:
512:
507:
506:
502:
483:
474:
464:
462:
453:
449:
441:
434:
426:
413:
409:
396:Hereford, Texas
382:
344:
327:
290:
288:Polled Hereford
246:
237:breed societies
223:
221:
215:Robert Bakewell
183:
177:
169:
142:
139:
138:
131:
117:
114:
113:
106:
52:
33:Hereford cattle
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Khaki Campbell
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Croad Langshan
1988:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1929:British Alpine
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
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1858:
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1744:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Devon Longwool
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1643:Wiltshire Horn
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:Welsh Mountain
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Hampshire Down
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:Border Cheviot
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
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1384:
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1360:
1357:
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1273:Old Gloucester
1270:
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1238:
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1146:
1141:
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1126:
1124:Beef Shorthorn
1121:
1119:Aberdeen Angus
1115:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1084:breeds of the
1078:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
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988:External links
986:
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2207:Herefordshire
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2182:Cattle breeds
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2032:Nankin Bantam
2030:
2028:
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2013:
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1679:Manx Loaghtan
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1253:British White
1251:
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1083:
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901:
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872:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:(4): 578–81.
836:
832:
828:
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806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
783:
767:
763:
757:
749:
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541:
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496:9781780647944
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277:
275:
271:
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259:
255:
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241:
238:
234:
230:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:West Midlands
204:
203:Herefordshire
200:
196:
193:is a British
192:
180:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
161:
157:
153:
150:red and white
149:
145:
133:
127:
126:
124:
120:
108:
102:
101:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2037:Norfolk Grey
1914:Anglo-Nubian
1798:Middle White
1553:Norfolk Horn
1263:Irish Moiled
1241:Dual purpose
1204:Dairy cattle
1158:
1036:- Cattle.com
978:
973:
959:
940:
928:
906:(1): 21–26.
903:
899:
893:
881:. Retrieved
871:
859:. Retrieved
855:the original
834:
830:
820:
808:. Retrieved
799:(4): 426–9.
796:
792:
782:
770:. Retrieved
766:the original
756:
747:
738:
726:. Retrieved
722:
712:
700:. Retrieved
695:
686:
667:
657:
650:
640:
633:
619:
612:
603:
594:
585:
576:
567:
558:
549:
540:
531:
525:
513:. Retrieved
503:
486:
463:. Retrieved
457:
450:
391:Hereford pig
372:
357:
336:
320:
305:
299:, a natural
291:
278:
263:
219:
190:
188:
176:
76:Distribution
50:Warwickshire
29:
2148:Brecon Buff
2062:Scots Dumpy
2022:Modern Game
2012:Indian Game
1871:Small White
1866:Small Black
1793:Large White
1788:Large Black
1768:British Lop
1717:South Devon
1628:Wensleydale
1563:Oxford Down
1513:Hill Radnor
1488:Exmoor Horn
1478:Dorset Horn
1473:Dorset Down
1443:Clun Forest
1347:Blue Albion
1314:Tory Island
1194:Welsh Black
1184:South Devon
1169:Lincoln Red
1111:Beef cattle
354:, Australia
266:North Devon
199:beef cattle
155:Horn status
2176:Categories
2067:Scots Grey
1836:Cumberland
1598:Shropshire
1578:Rough Fell
1518:Kerry Hill
1324:White Park
728:30 October
702:30 October
407:References
282:Henry Clay
274:Shorthorns
158:horned or
44:Bull near
2105:Orpington
2100:Aylesbury
2052:Orpington
1758:Berkshire
1669:Hebridean
1652:Primitive
1618:Teeswater
1613:Swaledale
1603:Southdown
1533:Llanwenog
1453:Dalesbred
1433:Cambridge
1302:Primitive
1268:Glamorgan
1258:Droimeann
1179:Shorthorn
1134:Blue Grey
1082:Livestock
772:7 October
2153:Shetland
2120:Shetland
2072:Sebright
2057:Rosecomb
1984:Chickens
1924:Bilberry
1808:Tamworth
1593:Shetland
1568:Portland
1508:Herdwick
1483:Easycare
1448:Cotswold
1342:Alderney
1288:Shetland
1283:Red Poll
1278:Pembroke
1222:Guernsey
1212:Ayrshire
1164:Highland
1159:Hereford
1154:Galloway
948:Archived
851:14794577
805:18891533
723:ABC News
675:Archived
380:See also
374:Dwarfism
352:Victoria
350:Calf in
311:registry
229:Kentucky
191:Hereford
135:Female:
110:Female:
2007:Ixworth
2002:Dorking
1972:Poultry
1828:Extinct
1699:Extinct
1659:Boreray
1608:Suffolk
1583:Ryeland
1528:Lincoln
1438:Cheviot
1334:Extinct
920:1997589
883:5 April
861:5 April
810:5 April
515:5 April
465:12 July
368:sunburn
260:in 1843
244:History
205:in the
2115:Magpie
2077:Sussex
2017:Legbar
1751:Extant
1573:Romney
1548:Masham
1493:Galway
1381:Extant
1319:Vaynol
1248:Albion
1227:Jersey
1189:Sussex
1144:Dexter
1099:Cattle
918:
849:
803:
494:
342:Health
318:name.
294:polled
270:Sussex
171:Cattle
160:polled
128:Male:
122:Height
103:Male:
97:Weight
92:Traits
61:DAD-IS
2140:Geese
2087:Ducks
1949:Pygmy
1944:Irish
1919:Bagot
1899:Goats
1846:Grice
1813:Welsh
1778:Essex
1674:Jacob
1538:Lleyn
1370:Sheep
1232:Kerry
1174:Luing
1139:Devon
968:>.
258:Derby
195:breed
48:, in
46:Ufton
1740:Pigs
1689:Soay
1543:Lonk
964:<
916:PMID
885:2010
863:2010
847:PMID
812:2010
801:PMID
774:2010
730:2022
704:2022
517:2010
492:ISBN
467:2009
307:Iowa
297:gene
268:and
189:The
147:Coat
87:beef
908:doi
839:doi
625:146
256:in
224:000
222:100
197:of
84:Use
2178::
914:.
904:82
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845:.
833:.
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795:.
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746:.
721:.
694:.
602:.
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566:.
548:.
475:^
435:^
414:^
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910::
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865:.
841::
835:9
814:.
797:7
776:.
750:.
732:.
706:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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