Henry Larcom Abbot

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officer of the Corps of Engineers . . . who has spent his life in the prosecution of public works confided to that Corps . . . ." (p. vi) Written before the United States took over the project from the French. The author believes that Americans could have a voice in the operation of the canal by purchasing stocks and bonds of the French company, and that the United States could control transits across the canal by its domination of the surrounding seas. The appendix presents a strong case for a canal through Panama rather than Nicaragua. Some of the content is based on Abbot's periodical articles, but much of it is new. See also the second (1907) edition.

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extend this new edition to cover the progress of events since the transfer of the work to the United States . . . . This has been accomplished by adding a new chapter to the historical portion of the book; by explaining and discussing . . . the new projects resulting from the studies of the Board of Consulting Engineers . . . and by introducing recent and valuable climatological and hydraulic data . . . ." (p. vii)

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nor less than this eccentric little river; and that the long years that have been devoted to its study have been well expended. They have made certainly known that all which is required is a judicious system of regulation by well understood engineering methods." (p. 54) Abbot was then professor of hydraulic engineering at George Washington University.

332:. They attempted to use several European formulas for stream discharge they had learned at West Point, but came to discover that they were all flawed. They then developed their own formula which ultimately also proved to be faulty as they forgot to account for the roughness of slopes in river canals. Regardless, it influenced the evolution of 663:

problems, "Nature has placed on the Isthmus of Panama far fewer obstructions to the construction of a ship canal than on any other possible route between the oceans." (p. 488). Abbot favors use of black laborers and suggests that American capital, not the government, should buy out the French company.

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3 (June 1904): 153–62. Knowledge of the regimen of the river "has been secured by the elaborate and long continued investigations of the New French Company." (p. 153) "The old popular belief that the regulation of the floods of the Chagres presents unprecedented difficulties . . . is erroneous."

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Report upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi river : upon the protection of the alluvial region against overflow, and upon the deepening of the mouths: based upon surveys and investigations made under the acts of Congress directing the topographical and hydrographical survey of the

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5 (December 1906): 48–54. The Panama Canal would follow the valley of the Chagres for much of the way and the river would provide water for the operation of the locks. "t may be said that the dominating element in deciding what type of canal should be adopted at the Isthmus of Panama is neither more

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Abbot, Henry L. Problems of the Panama Canal, Including Climatology of the Isthmus, Physics and Hydraulics of the River Chagres, Cut at the Continental Divide and Discussions of Plans for the Waterway. New York: Macmillan, 1905. "n unbiased and truthful statement of how the work appears to a retired

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Abbot, Henry L. "Natural Conditions Affecting the Construction of the Panama Canal." Engineering Magazine 27 (August 1904):721-30. "While no one will claim that the climate of the Isthmus is salubrious, it is certain that much wild exaggeration has been circulated . . . ." (p. 727) No danger of

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nominated Abbot for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1865. On July 17, 1866, President Johnson nominated Abbot for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in the Regular

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Abbot, Henry L. "Present Status of the Panama Project." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 31 (January 1908):12-35. Discusses lack of danger from earthquakes, the need to study the Chagres River, climate, Gorgas' success in improving health conditions, lock construction,

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28 (February 1905): 721–26. "Why . . . waste an extra ten or a dozen years and untold millions of dollars to execute a scheme which the investigations of thirty-five years have demonstrated to possess only a sentimental merit due to the imagination of M. de Lesseps?" (p. 726) Cites advances in

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32 (February 1904): 5–-65. "In connection with their other technical investigations the New Panama Canal Company found it obligatory to study some of these questions with considerable attention, and this paper is written in the hope that the resulting facts and figures may prove useful in throwing

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28 (February 8, 1902): 5. Panama route is preferable to one in Nicaragua because it would be shorter; no active volcanoes within ca.200 miles of Panama; lower annual rainfall; Colón a better port than Greytown; cheaper to operate and maintain a canal in Panama; rates for insurance and shipping from

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80 (February 4, 1899): 73–75. Possibly by Abbot. "The present article is written for the purpose of putting the public in possession of the facts regarding the present status and future prospects of this undertaking." (p. 73) Discusses the French canal company's international Comité Technique,

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26 (January 1904): 481–87. A Nicaragua canal would be "ill suited to the transit of ocean shipping." (p. 483). Answers objections to the Panama route. "ow that the problem has been thoroughly studied, and that the facts are known, and that fortune has enabled us to secure the better route, we

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24 (December 1902): 329–68. Abbot had carefully studied the river and the data amassed by the two French canal companies and concluded that "Far from being a menace, the Chagres is a most useful friend." (p. 366) Topics include: "Topography of the Basin above Bohio"; "Regimen of the Chagres";

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22 (January 1902): 487–92. (Editor's introduction to Abbot's article "International Aspects of the Isthmian Canal," pp. 485–87.) Abbot: there are "only three formidable difficulties": "the cut at the continental divide, regulation of the Chagres River, and the tropical climate." Despite these

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7 (November–December 1915): 657–62. "The Panama Canal being now opened to traffic, there remains for study only one important hydraulic problem—the sufficiency of the available water supply to meet the needs for lockage, for mechanical power to operate the canal and railroad, and for the electric

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Preparatory Period, Panama Canal." Harvard Engineering Journal 6 (June 1907):1-10. Much preliminary work needed before "making the dirt fly," as demanded by the impatient American public. Discusses the Isthmian Canal Commission, Panama Railroad, Board of Consulting Engineers,

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Abbot, Henry L. "Earthquakes and the Isthmian Canal." Collier's Weekly 29 (July 12, 1902):7. " of the world will protect us against placing a canal in the region of greatest danger from earthquakes to be found anywhere on the continent , where we can have a safer, shorter and cheaper and in every

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Abbot, Henry L. Problems of the Panama Canal, Including Climatology of the Isthmus, Physics and Hydraulics of the River Chagres, Cut at the Continental Divide, and Discussion of Plants for the Waterway, with History from 1890 to Date. 2d ed. New York: Macmillan, 1907. "It has seemed desirable to

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5 (April 1906): 1–13. Discusses the government of the Canal Zone; duties of the Isthmian Canal Commission; administration of the Panama Railroad; the work of Chief Engineer John F. Stevens, especially on the Culebra Cut; appointment of the Board of Consulting Engineers; the majority and minority

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26 (November 1898): 343–53. Argues in favor of a Panama canal even though it would be in French hands, and urges Americans to abandon further consideration of a Nicaragua canal. Also printed separately by the Forum Publishing Company, 1898. Reprinted as Senate Document No. 41, 55th Congress, 3d

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31 (March 1903): 117–24. Because it appeared likely that the United States would build the Panama Canal "it has seemed to me desirable to prepare a summary bringing these records up to date, with an analysis designed to develop the information they convey." (p. 117) Data on temperatures,

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Panama Canal Question." Medical News (April 12, 1902):707. Communicates translation of health information, 1898-1901, submitted by Dr. (Elie?) Lacroisade, medical director of the New Panama Canal Company. Abbot: "The marked improvement in health since the early days of the

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27 (May 1899): 198–203. Temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation tables compiled by the old and new French canal companies. "In tropical regions it is not the excessively high temperatures which increase the difficulties of out-door labor and construction, but those which remain

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39 (June 1910): 377–84. "In projecting a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, the dominating element is not the volume of excavation at the Continental Divide, but rather the hydraulics of the Chagres River whose valley must be traversed throughout the greater part of the route."

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40 (October 6, 1898): 210–213. An optimistic view of the progress made by the new French canal company and its plans for future construction. Emphasizes the disadvantages of the proposed Nicaragua route. Published separately by the New York Evening Post Printing House,

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32 (June 1904): 267–72. Mostly tables of temperature, rainfall, and barometric pressure data collected by engineers of the New Panama Canal Company at Alhajuela and Bohio. Abbot notes that the company's rights and property had been transferred to the United States in

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United States ports would be lower. "Whatever 'sentimental feeling' may exist in favor of the Nicaragua route, it would appear that if those interested in commercial expansion appreciated these facts there would be little doubt which canal would be demanded."

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rainfall, barometric pressure, winds, and health on the isthmus. Cites medical director Dr. Lacroisade as authority for asserting that health conditions had improved and that mortality and disease rates had declined in the last years of French activity.

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water supply, and the government of the Canal Zone. "In fine, an era of rapid progress has been inaugurated under an efficient organization, with every promise of success, and the expenditures have been kept within reasonable limits." (p. 35).

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31 (July 1906): 481–91. The board, of which Abbot was a member, was unable to agree whether to recommend a sea-level or lock canal. Abbot, who had studied both types throughout the world, likens the Panama Canal to the Sault Ste. Marie

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delta of the Mississippi river, with such investigations as might lead to determine the most practicable plan for securing it from inundation, and the best mode of deepening the channels at the mouths of the river.

655:(London) 144 (February 1901): 199–202. Regulation of the Chagres River is essential for a canal with locks and dams. Data on the discharge of the river at various locations; estimates of time needed for lockages. 465:

and served between 1905 and 1906 after the Americans took control of building the canal. He was given the task to prepare plans for canal construction and was able to convince Roosevelt and Secretary of War

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light upon the more general problem of the ultimate disposition of rainfall." (p. 57) Article covers the basin of the Chagres above Bohio. See Abbot's 1907 article "Rainfall and Outflow Above Bohio."

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25 (June 1903): 321–26. Followed by a reply by George S. Morison, "The Advantages of Lake Bohio at the Higher Level," pp. 326–28. Abbot favors a dual lake system. Early planning called for a lake at

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86 (December 1900): 844–48. "his claim of gain of time by Nicaragua must be relegated to the class of visionary arguments so often advanced to offset the solid merits of the Panama route." (p. 848).

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with a degree in military engineering in 1854. He initially wanted to join the Artillery, but shortly after graduation, a classmate convinced him to choose the Engineers. He was commissioned as a

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permanently high and are accompanied by great humidity of the air and heavy rainfall . . . . " (p. 201) Rainfall comparable to areas of the United States near the Gulf of Mexico. The

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28 (June 1900): 243–44. Figures showing that "no fear of a lack of water in the dry season need be entertained with the reserves contemplated by the new French company." (p. 244)

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In the post-war years, Abbot continued to serve in the U.S. Army Engineers. He was promoted to major on November 11, 1865. He was assigned to the command of the engineer battalion at

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congressional legislation, reorganization of the canal's administrative system, accomplishments of Dr. William C. Gorgas, flooding, rainfall, and work at Gatun and the Culebra Cut.

446:, and the Board of Ordnance and Fortifications. Abbot's influence can be seen in many facets of the coast defense systems of the United States of that period, particularly in the 246:

of volunteers for his contributions in engineering and artillery. In 1866 he received additional brevet appointments as major general of volunteers and brigadier general in the

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After his retirement from the Army, Abbot continued to work as a civil engineer and was employed as a consultant to Comité Technique and Comité Statutaire for the locks on the

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reports of the board. Abbot responds to criticism that little had been accomplished in the building of the canal, pointing out that needed preliminary work was being done.

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there, and served on numerous boards, including the Board on the Use of Iron in Permanent Defenses, the Board of Engineers for Fortifications, the Gun Foundry Board, the

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Abbot, Henry Larcom (13 August 1831–01 October 1927), Union soldier and engineer, was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, the son of Joseph Hale Abbot and Fanny Ellingwood

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31 (March 1902): 124–25. "These figures certainly indicate a remarkable uniformity of barometric pressure in this tropical region throughout the year." (p. 125).

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until November 11, 1862. He was then briefly assigned as a Topographical Engineer in the Department of the Gulf. On January 19, 1863, he was appointed colonel of the

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on August 13, 1895. On April 23, 1904, he was appointed Brigadier General, U.S.A., retired. He died on October 1, 1927, at Cambridge, Massachusetts and is buried in

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28 January 1900: 7. Hourly temperatures and barometric pressure at Alhajuela and La Boca, observed by personnel of the New Panama Canal Company, autumn of 1899.

694:"Discharge of the Chagres"; "Great Floods of the Chagres"; "Regulation of the Floods"; "Ratio between Downfall and Drainage"; "Water Supply in the Dry Season." 1311: 454:. Abbot advocated the massing of 16 mortars in 4 sets of 4, which would fire simultaneously at the enemy warships. The plan became known as the "Abbot Quad". 538:

are all his namesake. He is also one of the 158 names of people important to Oregon's history that are painted in the House and Senate chambers of the

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on July 1, 1854, second lieutenant on October 2, 1855, and first lieutenant on July 1, 1857. In 1855, Abbot was assigned to work with Lieutenant

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confirmed the appointment on February 20, 1865. In December 1864 he was placed in command of all siege artillery in the Army of the Potomac and

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Abbot, Henry L. (Communication on "The Present Condition and Prospects of the Panama Canal Works," by James Thomas Ford, pp. 150–70.)

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Abbot, Henry L. "Climatology of the Isthmus of Panama, Including the Temperature, Winds, Barometric Pressure, and Precipitation."

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have good reason to rejoice that hasty action was delayed, and that no mistake has been made in the selection." (p. 487)

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nominated Abbot for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from August 1, 1864, and the

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Session, December 21, 1898, and as "General Abbot on the Panama Canal," Engineering Record 39 (January 14, 1899): 137–40.

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and aide-de-camp to Brig. Gen. Andrew Humphreys. During this campaign he was brevetted major for his service at the

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lighting of the Canal Zone." (p. 657). See also Caleb Mills Saville, "Hydrology of the Panama Canal."

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issued, as a separate designated W. B. No. 201, a "slightly modified" (p. 3) version of this article.

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While serving in the Army, Abbot and Captain Andrew Humphreys conducted several scientific studies of the

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Abbot was mustered out of the volunteer service on September 25, 1865. On January 13, 1866, President

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Army to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23, 1865.

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earthquakes. The Chagres River "is marvelously adapted to the needs of the canal." (p. 729)

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but on March 3, 1863, was transferred to the Washington Defenses, where he commanded a brigade.

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Professional Memoirs, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, and Engineer Department at Large

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27 (July 1899): 302–03. Supplemental to May 1899 article. Updates rainfall figures to 1899.

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rather than a sea-level canal. In 1915, he was part of the Panama Canal Slide Committee.

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35 (February 1907): 74–75. Update of Abbot's articles of June 1900 and February 1904.

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River; health concerns; and relationship of the new canal company to the old company.

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and was instrumental in the establishment of a United States Army Engineer School at

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Panama Canal. Projects of the Board of Consulting Engineers."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Rainfall and Outflow Above Bohio, in the Valley of the Chagres."

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Revival of De Lesseps' Sea-Level Plan for the Panama Canal."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Mean Barometric Pressure at Sea Level on the American Isthmus."

414:. Abbot commanded a provisional brigade of siege artillery during the successful 407: 395: 380: 1609: 461:

between 1897 and 1900. He was appointed to the Board of Consulting Engineers by

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Panama Canal: The Dual versus the Single-Lake Project."

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Panama Canal and the Regulation of the Chagres River."

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76 (1913): 985–987, "With Discussions by Henry L. Abbot and W. E. Fuller."

265:. After his retirement, Abbot served as a consultant for the locks on the 1990: 1976: 1459: 1434: 968: 594: 535: 411: 399: 320:. They most notably studied the Mississippi river's flow starting at the 1514: 1181: 2045: 2025: 2020: 1424: 1419: 768:

Abbot, Henry L. "The Panama Canal Under Control of the United States."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Disposition of Rainfall in the Basin of the Chagres."

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enterprise is forcibly presented by these official hospital records."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Hourly Climatic Records of the Isthmus of Panama."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Rainfall and Drainage in the Upper Chagres River."

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27 (October 1899): 463. More rainfall and temperature data for 1899.

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In May 1864, he was transferred to command the Artillery during the

2016: 1236:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 18, 2011. 1092:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

872:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 18, 2011. 849:, Davis incorrectly spells the name as "Frederick Vaughan Abbott." 2030: 1698: 1693: 1624: 1569: 1414: 1409: 1111:. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. p. 23. 598: 568:. Vol. 16 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1339: 898:. San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1926. Retrieved February 15, 2009. 653:

Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Solution of the Isthmian-Canal Problem."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Contributions to the Meteorology of Panama."

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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

866:. National Academy of Sciences, 1929. Retrieved June 1, 2011. 507: 410:

requested General Abbot accompany his expeditionary force to

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Abbot, Henry L. "Note on the Barometric Pressure at Colon."

406:, which were besieging Petersburg. In January 1865, General 666:

Abbot, Henry L. "Why The Panama Canal Should Be Selected."

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Abbot, Henry L. "The Present Status of the Panama Canal."

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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

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Abbot, Henry L. "Hydrology of the Isthmus of Panama." In

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Abbot, Henry L. "Present Condition of the Panama Canal."

375:. On July 18, 1862, Abbot was promoted to captain in the 697:

Abbot, Henry L. "Climatology of the Isthmus of Panama."

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Abbot, Henry L. "Climatology of the Isthmus of Panama."

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At the outbreak of the Civil War, Abbot was assigned to

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31 (April 1903):1 88. Update of his March 1903 article.

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American military engineer and Army officer (1831-1927)

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Capitol Names: Individuals Woven Into Oregon's History

941:'Biographical Memoir of Henry Larcom Abbot, 1831–1927' 864:'Biographical Memoir of Henry Larcom Abbot, 1831–1927' 2185:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

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Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1867.

811:Abbot, Henry L. Hydraulics of the Chagres River." 784:Abbot, Henry L. "Hydrology of the Chagres River." 363:. He later became a topographical engineer in the 285:and graduated second in his class, which included 2205:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War 250:. He conducted several scientific studies of the 2141: 1326:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir 826:Transactions of the Society of Civil Engineers 744:Abbot, Henry L. "The Regimen of the Chagres." 1946: 1530: 1355: 1271: 588:Abbot, Henry L. (?) "The New Panama Canal." 379:and was assigned to the staff of Brig. Gen. 1154:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 1142: 1140: 1138: 923:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 906: 883:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 644:Abbot, Henry L. "The Best Isthmian Canal." 1953: 1939: 1537: 1523: 1362: 1348: 1136: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 997:. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. p. 1. 953: 951: 949: 444:Board on Fortifications and Other Defenses 223:(August 13, 1831 – October 1, 1927) was a 29: 1544: 1080: 1078: 1059:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1300002 623:Abbot, Henry L. "Meteorology of Panama." 562:. In Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R. (eds.). 1265: 1022:Pier, Arthur Stanwood, ed. (June 1922). 957: 580:Abbot, Henry L. "The New Panama Canal." 1234:'Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A' 1115: 1097: 946: 870:'Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A' 2142: 1960: 1108:The Biographical Dictionary of America 1075: 986: 984: 765:lock canal technology in recent years. 2165:United States Military Academy alumni 1934: 1518: 1343: 1044: 990: 786:George Washington University Bulletin 555: 516:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 271:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2111: 1889: 1497: 1331:Works by or about Henry Larcom Abbot 1227: 1021: 2135: 1913: 981: 13: 2200:People from Beverly, Massachusetts 438:, New York. He created the army's 394:. On December 12, 1864, President 14: 2216: 1369: 1288: 686:respect better route elsewhere ." 593:of which Abbot was a member; the 429: 269:. He was elected a Fellow of the 2160:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery 2110: 2098: 2087: 2086: 2073: 1912: 1900: 1888: 1870: 1869: 1608: 1496: 1484: 1473: 1472: 1247:"Henry Larcom Abbot (1831-1927)" 1085: 991:Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). 324:and going southward down to its 276: 214:Fanny Ellingwood Larcom (mother) 1847:Human impact on the environment 1214: 1205: 1196: 1187: 1028:The Harvard Graduates' Magazine 896:Place Names of the High Sierra' 549: 385:1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery 139:1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery 1755:Public transport encouragement 1312:Article on Abbot and Humphreys 1272:Cogswell, Jr., Philip (1977). 1165: 1038: 1015: 964:Place Names of the High Sierra 933: 839: 504:American Philosophical Society 440:Engineer School of Application 359:forces and was wounded at the 1: 856: 514:, and became a Fellow of the 477: 500:National Academy of Sciences 416:Second Battle of Fort Fisher 347: 180:Second Battle of Fort Fisher 7: 2170:United States Army officers 1745:Natural resource management 1220:Brodhead, Michael J. 2012. 1171:Humphreys and Abbot wrote: 1053:. Oxford University Press. 1051:American National Biography 1024:"News of the Classes: 1874" 917:"Abbot, Henry Larcom" 770:Harvard Engineering Journal 746:Harvard Engineering Journal 559:"Mississippi (River)" 10: 2221: 498:Abbot was a member of the 227:and career officer in the 212:Joseph Hale Abbot (father) 85:, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2082: 2071: 1968: 1865: 1839: 1803: 1727: 1657:Environmental engineering 1617: 1606: 1552: 1468: 1395: 1377: 1295:Henry Larcom Abbot Papers 1278:Oregon Historical Society 493: 297:second lieutenant in the 198: 190: 144: 134: 124: 116: 100: 90: 77: 60: 40: 28: 21: 2175:American civil engineers 1740:Environmental technology 1689:Environmental toxicology 1684:Environmental statistics 1679:Environmental humanities 1152:Civil War High Commands. 926:. New York: D. Appleton. 881:Civil War High Commands. 832: 532:Clackamas County, Oregon 361:First Battle of Bull Run 194:Mary Susan Everett Abbot 158:First Battle of Bull Run 1652:Environmental economics 1575:Environmental chemistry 1251:The Oregon Encyclopedia 939:Abbot, Charles Greeley 862:Abbot, Charles Greeley 565:Encyclopædia Britannica 307:Pacific Railroad Survey 1709:Sustainability science 1045:Reuss, Martin (2000). 798:Monthly Weather Review 738:Monthly Weather Review 730:Monthly Weather Review 707:Monthly Weather Review 699:Monthly Weather Review 676:Monthly Weather Review 639:Monthly Weather Review 632:Monthly Weather Review 625:Monthly Weather Review 618:Monthly Weather Review 606:Monthly Weather Review 203:Frederic Vaughan Abbot 54:Beverly, Massachusetts 1674:Environmental studies 1546:Environmental science 1405:Environmental science 1211:Eicher, 2001, p. 731. 1202:Eicher, 2001, p. 710. 1193:Eicher, 2001, p. 738. 1146:Eicher, John H., and 1047:"Abbot, Henry Larcom" 894:Farquhar, Francis P. 875:Eicher, John H., and 556:Abbot, H. L. (1883). 542:. His name is in the 488:Mount Auburn Cemetery 448:submarine mine system 117:Years of service 83:Mount Auburn Cemetery 73:, Massachusetts, U.S. 1662:Environmental health 1647:Environmental design 1642:Ecological economics 1308:, Harvard University 1276:. Portland, Oregon: 959:Farquhar, Francis P. 813:Engineering Magazine 778:Engineering Magazine 762:Engineering Magazine 722:Engineering Magazine 714:Engineering Magazine 691:Engineering Magazine 660:Engineering Magazine 540:Oregon State Capitol 518:in 1863. The Oregon 450:, and in the use of 2195:Union Army generals 2180:Union Army colonels 1973:Atmospheric science 1831:Environment by year 1821:Research institutes 1735:Energy conservation 1560:Atmospheric science 1400:Atmospheric science 1103:Abbot, Henry Larcom 590:Scientific American 508:honorary law degree 482:Abbot retired as a 468:William Howard Taft 392:siege of Petersburg 365:Army of the Potomac 263:Andrew A. Humphreys 231:. He served in the 175:Siege of Petersburg 2065:Quaternary science 1962:Physical geography 1907:Environment portal 1790:Water purification 1450:Physical geography 1317:Henry Larcom Abbot 1304:2011-06-22 at the 512:Harvard University 463:Theodore Roosevelt 369:Peninsula Campaign 309:in California and 239:and was appointed 237:American Civil War 229:United States Army 221:Henry Larcom Abbot 163:Peninsula Campaign 152:American Civil War 107:United States Army 35:Henry Larcom Abbot 23:Henry Larcom Abbot 2126: 2125: 2060:Landscape ecology 2004:Coastal geography 1928: 1927: 1750:Pollution control 1512: 1511: 1099:Johnson, Rossiter 1004:978-1-57197-088-6 994:Generals in Khaki 967:. San Francisco: 847:Generals in Khaki 597:; control of the 520:military training 404:Army of the James 373:siege of Yorktown 354:Brigadier General 318:Mississippi River 303:Robert Williamson 252:Mississippi River 244:brigadier general 225:military engineer 218: 217: 168:Siege of Yorktown 129:Brigadier General 2212: 2114: 2113: 2102: 2090: 2089: 2077: 1995:Paleoclimatology 1955: 1948: 1941: 1932: 1931: 1916: 1915: 1904: 1892: 1891: 1873: 1872: 1795:Waste management 1785:Urban metabolism 1780:Sewage treatment 1770:Renewable energy 1612: 1539: 1532: 1525: 1516: 1515: 1500: 1499: 1488: 1476: 1475: 1364: 1357: 1350: 1341: 1340: 1335:Internet Archive 1299:Houghton Library 1282: 1281: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1253:. March 17, 2018 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1218: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1200: 1194: 1191: 1185: 1169: 1163: 1144: 1113: 1112: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1082: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1019: 1013: 1012: 988: 979: 978: 976: 975: 955: 944: 937: 927: 919: 850: 843: 668:Collier's Weekly 646:Atlantic Monthly 574:Engineering News 569: 561: 452:seacoast mortars 357:Irvin McDowell's 291:G. W. Custis Lee 208:Edwin Hale Abbot 102: 67: 50: 48: 33: 19: 18: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2078: 2069: 1999:Palaeogeography 1964: 1959: 1929: 1924: 1861: 1835: 1799: 1723: 1714:Systems ecology 1613: 1604: 1565:Biogeochemistry 1548: 1543: 1513: 1508: 1464: 1445:Paleogeoscience 1391: 1373: 1368: 1306:Wayback Machine 1291: 1286: 1285: 1270: 1266: 1256: 1254: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1170: 1166: 1148:David J. Eicher 1145: 1116: 1101:, ed. (1906). " 1086: 1084: 1083: 1076: 1063: 1061: 1043: 1039: 1020: 1016: 1005: 989: 982: 973: 971: 956: 947: 938: 934: 914:, eds. (1900). 877:David J. Eicher 859: 854: 853: 844: 840: 835: 552: 496: 480: 432: 408:Alfred H. Terry 396:Abraham Lincoln 381:John G. Barnard 350: 281:Abbot attended 279: 213: 211: 206: 186: 154: 109: 86: 69: 65: 64:October 1, 1927 52: 51:August 13, 1831 46: 44: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2218: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2137: 2136:External links 2134: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2108: 2096: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2010: 2001: 1988: 1986:Phytogeography 1979: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1857:Technogaianism 1854: 1852:Sustainability 1849: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1618:Related fields 1615: 1614: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1542: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1519: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1494: 1482: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1328: 1323: 1314: 1309: 1290: 1289:External links 1287: 1284: 1283: 1280:. p. 125. 1264: 1238: 1226: 1213: 1204: 1195: 1186: 1164: 1114: 1074: 1037: 1014: 1003: 980: 945: 931: 930: 929: 928: 899: 892: 873: 867: 858: 855: 852: 851: 837: 836: 834: 831: 830: 829: 817: 809: 805: 801: 794: 790: 782: 774: 766: 758: 754: 750: 742: 734: 726: 718: 710: 703: 695: 687: 683: 679: 672: 664: 656: 649: 642: 635: 628: 621: 614: 611:Weather Bureau 602: 586: 578: 570: 551: 548: 506:, received an 495: 492: 479: 476: 436:Willet's Point 431: 430:Post-Civil War 428: 423:Andrew Johnson 349: 346: 330:Gulf of Mexico 278: 275: 216: 215: 200: 196: 195: 192: 188: 187: 185: 184: 183: 182: 177: 172: 171: 170: 160: 148: 146: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 104: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 81: 79: 75: 74: 68:(aged 96) 62: 58: 57: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2217: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2133: 2130: 2119: 2118: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2041:Geostatistics 2039: 2037: 2036:Geomorphology 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1921: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1719:Urban ecology 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1505: 1504: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1371:Earth science 1365: 1360: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1279: 1275: 1268: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1223: 1217: 1208: 1199: 1190: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1168: 1161: 1160:0-8047-3641-3 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1094:public domain 1081: 1079: 1071: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1018: 1010: 1006: 1000: 996: 995: 987: 985: 970: 966: 965: 960: 954: 952: 950: 942: 936: 932: 925: 924: 918: 913: 909: 908:Wilson, J. G. 904: 903:public domain 900: 897: 893: 890: 889:0-8047-3641-3 886: 882: 878: 874: 871: 868: 865: 861: 860: 848: 842: 838: 827: 822: 818: 816:(p. 377) 814: 810: 806: 802: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 749:(p. 154) 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 654: 650: 647: 643: 640: 636: 633: 629: 626: 622: 619: 615: 612: 607: 603: 600: 596: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 566: 560: 554: 553: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 491: 490:, Cambridge. 489: 485: 475: 473: 470:to approve a 469: 464: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 427: 424: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 355: 345: 343: 342:New York City 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 277:Military life 274: 272: 268: 264: 261: 260:Major General 257: 253: 249: 245: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 209: 204: 201: 197: 193: 189: 181: 178: 176: 173: 169: 166: 165: 164: 161: 159: 156: 155: 153: 150: 149: 147: 143: 140: 137: 133: 130: 127: 123: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: 99: 96: 95:United States 93: 89: 84: 80: 76: 72: 63: 59: 55: 43: 39: 32: 27: 20: 2131: 2128: 2115: 2103: 2091: 2013:Soil science 2008:Oceanography 1982:Biogeography 1917: 1905: 1893: 1874: 1775:Road ecology 1728:Applications 1704:Radioecology 1667:epidemiology 1600:Soil science 1595:Oceanography 1501: 1489: 1477: 1455:Soil science 1440:Oceanography 1321:Find a Grave 1273: 1267: 1257:November 30, 1255:. Retrieved 1250: 1241: 1229: 1216: 1207: 1198: 1189: 1172: 1167: 1151: 1106: 1069: 1062:. Retrieved 1050: 1040: 1032:Google Books 1027: 1017: 1009:Google Books 1007:– via 993: 972:. Retrieved 963: 935: 921: 880: 846: 841: 825: 820: 812: 797: 785: 777: 769: 761: 745: 737: 729: 721: 713: 706: 698: 690: 675: 667: 659: 652: 645: 638: 631: 624: 617: 605: 589: 581: 573: 563: 550:Publications 497: 481: 459:Panama Canal 456: 433: 420: 389: 377:Regular Army 351: 315: 280: 267:Panama Canal 248:Regular Army 220: 219: 145:Battles/wars 66:(1927-10-01) 2155:1927 deaths 2150:1831 births 1991:Climatology 1977:Meteorology 1919:WikiProject 1765:Remediation 1580:Geosciences 1553:Main fields 1460:Volcanology 1435:Meteorology 969:Sierra Club 595:Culebra Cut 536:Mount Abbot 412:Fort Fisher 400:U.S. Senate 367:during the 338:Fort Totten 235:during the 2144:Categories 2046:Glaciology 2026:Geobiology 2021:Edaphology 1882:scientists 1425:Glaciology 1420:Geophysics 1064:August 22, 974:2009-02-15 857:References 528:Abbot Pass 524:Camp Abbot 478:Retirement 472:lock canal 326:base level 322:Ohio River 287:Jeb Stuart 283:West Point 233:Union Army 111:Union Army 91:Allegiance 47:1831-08-13 2055:Limnology 2051:Hydrology 1760:Recycling 1630:Chemistry 1590:Limnology 1585:Hydrology 1430:Hydrology 912:Fiske, J. 546:chamber. 348:Civil War 334:hydrology 299:U.S. Army 273:in 1863. 210:(brother) 199:Relations 191:Spouse(s) 120:1854–1895 71:Cambridge 2093:Category 2017:Pedology 1876:Category 1840:See also 1826:Glossary 1816:Journals 1479:Category 1302:Archived 1162:. p. 97. 961:(1926). 258:, later 135:Commands 101:Service/ 2117:Commons 2031:Geology 1895:Commons 1811:Degrees 1699:Physics 1694:Geodesy 1625:Biology 1570:Ecology 1503:Commons 1415:Geology 1410:Geodesy 1382:Outline 1333:at the 1224:Page 3. 1182:4522776 1096:: 905:: 599:Chagres 522:center 484:colonel 328:at the 256:captain 2105:Portal 1491:Portal 1180: 1158: 1090: 1001: 887: 781:Canal. 741:April. 717:Bohio. 544:Senate 534:, and 494:Honors 311:Oregon 295:brevet 241:brevet 103:branch 78:Buried 56:, U.S. 1804:Lists 1635:green 1387:Index 833:Notes 582:Forum 577:1898. 510:from 254:with 205:(son) 1259:2019 1178:OCLC 1156:ISBN 1066:2022 999:ISBN 885:ISBN 502:and 289:and 125:Rank 61:Died 41:Born 1319:at 1297:at 1105:". 1055:doi 845:in 530:in 340:in 305:'s 2146:: 2053:/ 2019:/ 2015:/ 2006:/ 1997:/ 1993:/ 1984:/ 1975:/ 1249:. 1150:, 1117:^ 1077:^ 1068:. 1049:. 1026:. 983:^ 948:^ 920:. 910:; 879:, 526:, 418:. 344:. 313:. 1954:e 1947:t 1940:v 1538:e 1531:t 1524:v 1363:e 1356:t 1349:v 1261:. 1184:. 1057:: 1034:. 1011:. 977:. 891:. 49:) 45:(

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