359:
613:
560:
683:
691:
568:
741:, it was once said of him to Henry III, "Sire, he does good wholeheartedly: those who do not receive his good influence directly receive it by reflection. When deeds fail him, he resorts to words. There is no wedding he does not enliven, no baptism at which he is not godfather, no funeral he does not attend. He is courteous, humane, generous, the honorer of all and the detractor of none. In a word, he is a king by affection, just as Your Majesty is by law."
38:
350:
1464:
178:
548:
The August 1572 marriage between the king of
Navarre and Margaret necessitated the presence of the majority of the Protestant leadership in Paris. Shortly after the wedding, Coligny, who had made a rare visit to the capital for the occasion, was shot in the shoulder in an attempted assassination.
461:
would attempt to make a show of force in entering Paris in 1564, but their entry ended with both besieged in their residence and forced to concede. When in 1566 the crown forced
Charles at Moulins to make the kiss of peace with Coligny to end their feud, Guise refused to attend. He would also
556:. During the massacre Guise would oversee the murder of Coligny, and attempted but failed to capture several other targets, but was displeased at the situation descending into a general massacre, shielding fleeing Protestants in his residence.
528:
as a means of ensuring stability. Around this time Guise began a romance with the King's sister, apparently with pretensions to her hand in marriage, which quickly became known around court. Upon discovering this, Margaret's brothers
726:, was likewise assassinated the next day. The deed aroused such outrage among the remaining relatives and allies of Guise that Henry was forced to take refuge with the king of Navarre. Henry was assassinated the following year by
552:
As the situation in Paris deteriorated over the next several days, the royal council planned and executed a targeted elimination of the
Protestant leadership in Paris, which would spiral into the
537:, were furious, assaulting Margaret in anger. While some suggested Guise be punished with assassination, it was settled on banishing him from court for his indiscretions. On 3 October he married
434:, the duke of Guise, one of the leading magnates of France, and Anna d'Este, daughter of the Duke of Ferrara. In his youth he was friends with Henry III, the future king, and at the behest of
648:
should succeed king Henry, in preference to the king of
Navarre. Henry now sided with the Catholic League (1585), which made war with great success on the Protestants. Guise sent his cousin,
485:, with a retinue of 350 men. In September 1568 he reached his majority, just as the Guise returned to the centre of French politics with his uncle's readmission to the Privy Council.
872:, which was written about 20 years after the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. The death of the duke is also mentioned, by the ghost of Machiavelli himself, in the opening lines of
438:
tried to persuade the young prince to run away with him in 1561 to join the arch-Catholic faction, much to the fury of his father and uncle. When he was 12 years old, his father
706:
of France. But Henry refused to be treated as a mere puppet by the League, and decided upon a bold stroke. On 22 December 1588, Guise spent the night with his current mistress
1619:
1594:
1378:
Richards, Penny (2016). "Warriors of God: History, Heritage and the
Reputation of the Guise". In Munns, Jessica; Richards, Penny; Spangler, Jonathan (eds.).
1003:
358:
349:
1350:
605:. His rapidly deteriorating relations with the new King, Henry III (formally the duke of Anjou) created further conflict, known as the
102:
677:
439:
74:
1569:
645:
612:
1468:
664:; he defied the king and on 9 May 1588 Guise entered Paris, bringing to a head his ambiguous challenge to royal authority in the
415:
55:
81:
17:
1271:
913:
482:
384:
88:
1609:
796:
1409:
1368:
968:
553:
121:
70:
1614:
1299:
1035:
890:
1599:
1389:
The
Society of Princes: The Lorraine-Guise and the Conservation of Power and Wealth in Seventeenth-Century France
1428:
517:
59:
1604:
824:
458:
293:
1574:
773:
498:
283:
832:
981:
723:
431:
376:
318:
203:
95:
788:
288:
447:
1589:
606:
602:
585:. With a charismatic and brilliant public reputation, he rose to heroic stature among the militant
470:
435:
694:
Assassination of Henri I, Duke of Guise, by Henry III, in 1588. Painting by
Charles Durupt in the
1584:
1322:
Noble Power During French Wars of
Religion: The Guise Affinity and the Catholic Cause in Normandy
927:
711:
702:
The League now controlled France; the king was forced to accede to its demands and created Guise
649:
494:
411:
407:
403:
48:
1521:
1511:
1340:
761:
629:
278:
213:
149:
967:
features Henri, Duke of Guise as a prominent character, and explores his involvement with the
1579:
868:
719:
665:
621:
454:
1564:
1559:
933:
918:
661:
530:
510:
453:
The Guise family and Guise (as he will henceforth be referred to) craved vengeance against
921:. He appears in Voltaire's epic poem "La Henriade" (1723). He is one of the characters in
8:
1539:
1503:
1487:
1010:
863:
777:
750:
637:
538:
534:
463:
419:
255:
159:
838:
734:
715:
695:
549:
Guise was a chief suspect of having ordered the attempt, due to his long running feud.
237:
707:
703:
641:
525:
521:
828:
727:
714:'s group of female spies known as the "Flying Squadron". The following morning at the
388:
1424:
1405:
1398:
1364:
1269:
Dryden, John. The works, vol 14: Plays, 1993. Los
Angeles: University of California,
1026:
948:
884:
576:
443:
396:
262:
457:, whom they considered responsible for the assassination. As such, he and his uncle
1275:
963:
874:
502:
1478:
998:
922:
392:
1063:
1020:
986:
879:
842:
792:
754:
657:
474:
380:
328:
308:
682:
559:
1553:
1528:
1345:
1046:
901:
617:
185:
154:
690:
955:
includes the Duke of Guise in its tale about the War of the Three
Henries.
718:, Guise was summoned to attend the king, and was at once assassinated by "
1494:
1042:
958:
897:
859:
542:
338:
164:
575:
When the wars of religion subsequently resumed Guise was wounded at the
567:
362:
The murder of Admiral Coligny, Guise stands below in the red plumed hat.
633:
493:
Guise took an active military role in the second and third wars of the
1339:
1300:"Gaspard Ulliel Talks The Princess of Montpensier [Exclusive]"
1380:
Aspiration, Representation and Memory: The Guise in Europe, 1506–1688
367:
Henri I de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, Prince of Joinville, Count of Eu
37:
590:
586:
506:
818:
653:
516:
In 1570 the third war of religion was brought to an end with the
478:
303:
1421:
The Massacre of St Bartholomew and the European Conflict 1559–72
1463:
1331:
Martyrs and Murderers:The Guise Family and the Making of Europe
245:
722:", the king's bodyguard, as Henry looked on. Guise's brother,
442:
and Henri thus inherited the Duke's titles of the Governor of
811:
520:, part of which stipulated a marriage between the Protestant
241:
1354:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
391:. Through his maternal grandfather, he was a descendant of
1400:
Women of Power: The Life and Times of Catherine de' Medici
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1184:
1118:
632:, the king's brother (which left the king of Navarre, the
509:
during a siege by Admiral Coligny. He was wounded at the
1157:
369:(31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588), sometimes called
177:
1223:
941:. He also appears prominently in Heinrich Mann's novel
908:(1683), based on events during the reign of Henry III.
1174:
1172:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
636:
champion, as heir to the throne), Guise concluded the
430:
Henri was born on 31 December 1550, the eldest son of
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1201:
1199:
1169:
1130:
837:François Alexandre (7 February 1589 – 1 June 1614,
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1397:
1211:
1075:
1196:
1551:
710:, the most accomplished and notorious member of
579:, and was thereafter known, like his father, as
782:Charles (1 January 1576, Paris) (died at birth)
469:No longer welcome at court, he and his brother
848:
660:). Alarmed, Henry ordered Guise to remain in
656:(which could also support the retreat of the
1620:Politicians assassinated in the 16th century
1595:French people of the French Wars of Religion
580:
370:
1449:Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France
1254:
858:The Duke of Guise appears as an archetypal
804:Christine (21 January 1580) (died at birth)
770:Catherine (3 November 1573) (died at birth)
767:Henri (30 June 1572, Paris – 3 August 1574)
589:population of France as an opponent of the
410:. A powerful opponent of the queen mother,
1418:
1163:
807:François (14 May 1581 – 29 September 1582)
466:to duels, but they rebuffed his attempts.
176:
1440:The Wars of Religion in France, 1559–1576
1297:
1257:OUP Complete Works of Christopher Marlowe
749:He married on 4 October 1570 in Paris to
678:Assassination of the Duke of Guise (1588)
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1437:
1386:
1377:
1242:
1190:
1151:
1124:
689:
681:
611:
566:
558:
357:
1446:
1328:
1319:
1217:
1112:
817:Jeanne (31 July 1586 – 8 October 1638,
14:
1552:
1395:
1358:
1205:
1178:
801:Catherine (b. 29 May 1579), died young
522:king of Navarre (future king Henry IV)
488:
1337:
1139:
406:, he was one of the namesakes of the
757:, by whom he had fourteen children:
505:in 1569, and successfully defending
375:('Scarface'), was the eldest son of
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
1361:The French Wars of Religion 1559–98
730:, an agent of the Catholic League.
195:24 February 1563 – 23 December 1588
24:
1298:Gallagher, Brian (13 April 2011).
797:Hercule de Rohan, duc de Montbazon
596:
25:
1631:
1456:
1438:Thompson, James Westfall (1915).
644:. This compact declared that the
385:Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
383:. His maternal grandparents were
1462:
1442:. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.
878:. He appears (as The Guise) in
671:
668:and forcing King Henry to flee.
624:, by Paul Lehugeur, 19th century
348:
36:
1570:Assassinated French politicians
1291:
1263:
1248:
992:
841:-de-Provence), a Knight of the
473:decided to crusade against the
47:needs additional citations for
1382:. Routledge. pp. 169–182.
969:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
911:He appears in the short novel
764:(1571–1640), who succeeded him
698:, where the attack took place.
554:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
518:Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
418:by the bodyguards of her son,
13:
1:
1404:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
1324:. Cambridge University Press.
1255:Christopher, Marlowe (1998).
1069:
1036:The Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois
891:The Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois
853:
541:, thus assuming the title of
459:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
425:
985:, he was portrayed by actor
810:Renée (1585 – 13 June 1626,
774:Louis III, Cardinal of Guise
284:Louis III, Cardinal of Guise
7:
1447:Wellman, Katherine (2013).
1419:Sutherland, Nicola (1973).
1387:Spangler, Jonathan (2016).
1057:
982:The Princess of Montpensier
914:The Princess of Montpensier
831:), married on 24 July 1605
724:Louis II, Cardinal of Guise
10:
1636:
1333:. Oxford University Press.
1313:
1272:"The Works of John Dryden"
849:In literature and the arts
785:Marie (1 June 1577 – 1582)
739:A Pocket Mirror for Heroes
675:
267:
235:23 December 1588 (aged 37)
1610:People murdered in France
1537:
1526:
1518:
1508:
1492:
1484:
1477:
833:François, Prince of Conti
827:, (1588 – 30 April 1631,
789:Claude, Duke of Chevreuse
440:François was assassinated
344:
334:
324:
314:
302:
289:Claude, Duke of Chevreuse
261:
251:
231:
223:
219:
209:
199:
191:
184:
175:
141:
136:
27:Duke of Guise (1551–1588)
1451:. Yale University Press.
1329:Carroll, Stuart (2011).
1320:Carroll, Stuart (1998).
939:The Forty-Five Guardsmen
744:
628:At the death in 1584 of
607:War of the Three Henries
471:Charles, Duke of Mayenne
436:Jacques, Duke of Nemours
71:"Henri I, Duke of Guise"
1615:Grand masters of France
1359:Knecht, Robert (2010).
1351:Encyclopædia Britannica
1341:"Guise, House of"
1338:Goyau, Georges (1911).
974:
814:), Abbess of St. Pierre
650:Charles, Duke of Aumale
495:French Wars of Religion
408:War of the Three Henrys
404:French Wars of Religion
377:François, Duke of Guise
319:François, Duke of Guise
1600:French Roman Catholics
1469:Henri I, Duke of Guise
943:Young Henry of Navarre
762:Charles, Duke of Guise
699:
687:
652:, to lead a rising in
630:Francis, Duke of Anjou
625:
601:In 1576 he formed the
581:
572:
564:
545:from her inheritance.
524:and the King's sister
462:challenge Coligny and
448:Grand Maître de France
416:Henri was assassinated
371:
363:
279:Charles, Duke of Guise
150:Grand Master of France
18:Henry I, Duke of Guise
1396:Strage, Mark (1976).
1015:The Massacre at Paris
953:A Gentleman of France
869:The Massacre at Paris
693:
685:
666:Day of the Barricades
622:Day of the Barricades
615:
570:
562:
499:Battle of Saint-Denis
455:Gaspard II de Coligny
361:
1605:Princes of Joinville
1471:at Wikimedia Commons
934:La Dame de Monsoreau
919:Madame de La Fayette
821:), Abbess of Jouarre
791:(1578–1657) married
712:Catherine de' Medici
511:Battle of Moncontour
432:François de Lorraine
412:Catherine de' Medici
402:A key figure in the
56:improve this article
1575:Counter-Reformation
1540:Prince of Joinville
1278:on 22 February 2008
1259:. pp. 294–295.
1193:, pp. 176–177.
1127:, pp. 388–389.
1011:Christopher Marlowe
864:Christopher Marlowe
778:Archbishop of Reims
751:Catherine of Cleves
646:Cardinal de Bourbon
638:Treaty of Joinville
571:Catherine of Cleves
539:Catherine of Cleves
489:Entry into politics
464:Anne de Montmorency
256:Catherine of Cleves
160:Prince of Joinville
137:Henri I de Lorraine
708:Charlotte de Sauve
704:Lieutenant-General
700:
688:
686:Charlotte de Sauve
642:Philip II of Spain
626:
573:
565:
563:Margaret of Valois
526:Margaret of Valois
497:, fighting at the
364:
1548:
1547:
1509:Succeeded by
1467:Media related to
1051:The Duke of Guise
979:In the 2010 film
931:and its sequels,
906:The Duke of Guise
825:Louise Marguerite
577:Battle of Dormans
483:Alfonso II d'Este
397:Pope Alexander VI
356:
355:
294:Louise Marguerite
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
1627:
1519:Preceded by
1485:Preceded by
1475:
1474:
1466:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1415:
1403:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1355:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1308:
1307:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1274:. Archived from
1267:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1033:George Chapman,
964:A Column of Fire
888:and its sequel,
875:The Jew of Malta
839:Château des Baux
735:Baltasar Gracián
716:Château de Blois
696:Château de Blois
584:
503:Battle of Jarnac
481:, serving under
374:
352:
272:
238:Château de Blois
227:31 December 1550
180:
134:
133:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1590:French generals
1550:
1549:
1543:
1532:
1524:
1514:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1479:French nobility
1459:
1431:
1412:
1371:
1316:
1311:
1296:
1292:
1281:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1170:
1164:Sutherland 1973
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1025:The Tragedy of
999:Pierre Matthieu
995:
977:
928:La Reine Margot
923:Alexandre Dumas
856:
851:
747:
728:Jacques Clément
680:
674:
603:Catholic League
599:
597:Catholic League
491:
428:
393:Lucrezia Borgia
389:Renée of France
298:
268:among others...
266:
265:
236:
169:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1633:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Dukes of Guise
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1458:
1457:External links
1455:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1416:
1410:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1356:
1346:Chisholm, Hugh
1335:
1326:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1290:
1262:
1247:
1245:, p. 272.
1222:
1210:
1195:
1183:
1168:
1166:, p. 312.
1156:
1154:, p. 449.
1144:
1142:, p. 701.
1129:
1117:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1064:House of Guise
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1040:
1031:
1027:Bussy D'Ambois
1021:George Chapman
1018:
1008:
994:
991:
987:Gaspard Ulliel
976:
973:
961:'s 2017 novel
949:Stanley Weyman
885:Bussy D'Ambois
880:George Chapman
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
843:Order of Malta
835:
822:
815:
808:
805:
802:
799:
795:, daughter of
793:Marie de Rohan
786:
783:
780:
771:
768:
765:
755:Countess of Eu
746:
743:
720:the Forty-five
676:Main article:
673:
670:
658:Spanish Armada
598:
595:
490:
487:
475:Ottoman Empire
427:
424:
420:King Henry III
354:
353:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:
316:
312:
311:
306:
300:
299:
297:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
273:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
182:
181:
173:
172:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
144:
139:
138:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1632:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:Duke of Guise
1523:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:. Macmillan.
1422:
1417:
1413:
1411:9780151983704
1407:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1370:9781408228197
1366:
1363:. Routledge.
1362:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1243:Spangler 2016
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:Richards 2016
1187:
1181:, p. 49.
1180:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1152:Thompson 1915
1148:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:Thompson 1915
1121:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1047:Nathaniel Lee
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
997:
996:
990:
988:
984:
983:
972:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
935:
930:
929:
924:
920:
916:
915:
909:
907:
903:
902:Nathaniel Lee
899:
895:
893:
892:
887:
886:
881:
877:
876:
871:
870:
865:
861:
860:Machiavellian
844:
840:
836:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
806:
803:
800:
798:
794:
790:
787:
784:
781:
779:
776:(1575–1621),
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
759:
758:
756:
753:(1548–1633),
752:
742:
740:
736:
733:According to
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
697:
692:
684:
679:
672:Assassination
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
623:
619:
618:Duke of Guise
614:
610:
609:(1584–1588).
608:
604:
594:
592:
588:
583:
578:
569:
561:
557:
555:
550:
546:
544:
540:
536:
535:duke of Anjou
532:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
501:in 1567, the
500:
496:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
368:
360:
351:
347:
343:
340:
337:
333:
330:
327:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
305:
301:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
274:
271:
269:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
186:Duke of Guise
183:
179:
174:
171:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
155:Duke of Guise
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
140:
135:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1580:Counts of Eu
1538:
1527:
1501:
1493:
1448:
1439:
1420:
1399:
1391:. Routledge.
1388:
1379:
1360:
1349:
1330:
1321:
1303:
1293:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1265:
1256:
1250:
1218:Carroll 1998
1213:
1186:
1159:
1147:
1120:
1113:Carroll 2011
1050:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1002:
980:
978:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
938:
932:
926:
912:
910:
905:
896:
889:
883:
873:
867:
857:
829:Château d'Eu
748:
738:
732:
701:
627:
600:
574:
551:
547:
515:
492:
468:
452:
429:
401:
366:
365:
270:
170:
145:
142:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1565:1588 deaths
1560:1550 births
1495:Count of Eu
1282:21 February
1206:Strage 1976
1179:Knecht 2010
1043:John Dryden
1004:La Guisiade
959:Ken Follett
898:John Dryden
862:schemer in
620:during the
543:Count of Eu
381:Anna d'Este
339:Catholicism
329:Anna d'Este
200:Predecessor
165:Count of Eu
1554:Categories
1544:1563–1588
1533:1563–1588
1430:0064966208
1140:Goyau 1911
1070:References
993:Literature
854:Literature
634:Protestant
582:Le Balafre
531:Charles IX
426:Early life
372:Le Balafré
82:newspapers
1504:Catherine
1499:1570–1588
1488:Catherine
951:'s novel
925:'s novel
662:Champagne
591:Huguenots
450:in 1563.
444:Champagne
345:Signature
210:Successor
1522:François
1304:Movieweb
1058:See also
945:(1935).
866:'s play
587:Catholic
533:and the
507:Poitiers
335:Religion
204:François
112:May 2011
1512:Charles
1348:(ed.).
1314:Sources
819:Jouarre
654:Picardy
479:Hungary
214:Charles
96:scholar
1427:
1408:
1367:
1053:(1683)
1045:&
1039:(1613)
1030:(1607)
1017:(1593)
1007:(1589)
904:wrote
387:, and
379:, and
325:Mother
315:Father
252:Spouse
246:France
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1502:with
1344:. In
917:, by
812:Reims
745:Issue
640:with
309:Guise
304:House
263:Issue
242:Blois
192:Reign
103:JSTOR
89:books
1425:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1284:2010
975:Film
937:and
900:and
616:The
446:and
395:and
232:Died
224:Born
75:news
882:'s
737:in
477:in
58:by
1556::
1302:.
1225:^
1198:^
1171:^
1132:^
1077:^
1049:,
1023:,
1013:,
1001:,
989:.
971:.
894:.
593:.
513:.
422:.
414:,
399:.
244:,
240:,
1433:.
1414:.
1373:.
1306:.
1288:.
1286:.
1220:.
1208:.
1115:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
