164:
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457:(then in Virginia-claimed land, now in present-day Indiana). Hamilton led an armed party from Detroit on 7 October 1778 to recapture the British post, 600 miles away. His small force gathered Indian warriors along the way, and entered Vincennes on 17 December 1778. They captured Fort Sackville and the American commandant, Captain
412:
would inevitably be killed in these raids. Hamilton tried to limit civilian casualties by sending
British Army regulars and Canadian militia alongside Indian raiding parties. Despite this, Indian warriors carried out their own customs during the raids, resulting in hundreds of women and children in
478:
and the
Virginia Executive Council. Hamilton was held from 16 June – 29 September 1779. Hamilton rejected an offer of parole on the grounds that the terms violated his freedom of speech in restraining him from "saying anything to the prejudice of the United States." Jefferson refused to treat
384:
Governor Henry
Hamilton became adept at diplomacy with the Indians, establishing good relations with local Indian leaders of the Huron and Odawa tribes. An amateur artist, Hamilton also sketched portraits of many Indians while in Detroit, leaving what has been called the "earliest and largest
421:
during the war. This, as feared, led to an increase in anti-British sentiment in the region. According to an early 20th-century local history, Americans on the frontier accused
Hamilton of paying bounties for prisoners and scalps brought in by the Indian warriors, calling him the "Hair-buyer
473:
as a prisoner of war. Poor travel conditions on the Ohio River forced the group—led by
Captain Williams and Lieutenant Rogers—to travel most of the way by foot through the Moccasin Gap between what is now Kentucky and Virginia, finally arriving in Williamsburg in the middle of June. Once in
523:, from 1794 until his death in office in 1796. In March 1795, at age 61, Hamilton married 25-year-old Elizabeth Lee from Banbury, Oxfordshire, a daughter of Colonel Lee. The Hamiltons had one daughter together, Mary Anne Pierpoint Hamilton. She died in 1871, unmarried and without children.
33:
538:
Among his papers, Hamilton had kept a journal from 1778 to 1779 as
Lieutenant Governor at Fort Detroit during the American Revolution; this was published for the first time posthumously in 1951 in a history that addressed his and George Rogers Clark's roles in the war.
483:
and handled them as he would have handled escaped slaves: putting them in irons for 18 months in
Williamsburg and Chesterfield. Governor Jefferson eventually dropped charges of scalp-buying, but did not release Hamilton until October 1780, and only after
405:, "Would to God this storm which is ready to fall on the Frontiers could be directed upon the guilty heads of those wretches who have raised it, and pass by the miserable many who must feel its fatal effects."
359:
This was one of five newly created lieutenant governorships in the recently expanded eastern territory of Canada. When
Governor Hamilton reached his base at Fort Detroit to assume his government duties in the
987:
565:
and the highlight is the capture of
Vincennes from Hamilton. There is much information about Hamilton's activities and his reputation among the local backwoodsmen, based on research from original documents.
388:
At the beginning of the war, British policy encouraged neutrality among the
Indians leaders. But in 1777 Hamilton received instructions to encourage Indian raids against American frontier settlements in
364:
region, the American Revolutionary War was already underway. Hamilton was in a difficult position: as a civil official, he had few British Army regulars at his command, and the loyalty of local
1017:
1037:
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General". Hamilton denied ever paying Indians for scalps. He did, however, accept scalps as evidence of success, for which Indian war parties were rewarded with additional supplies.
992:
488:
during several months had entreated him to accept his parole. Hamilton was sent to New York to await a prisoner exchange. This took place in March 1781. He immediately sailed to
376:, a local fur trader and army officer, acted as the temporary "town major", a British government official in command of a fortified town, before Hamilton's arrival.
663:
997:
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461:. In February 1779, however, Colonel Clark returned to Vincennes in a surprise march, recapturing the outpost and taking Hamilton prisoner.
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collection of life portraits of Native Americans of the Upper Great Lakes." This is now held by Houghton Library at Harvard University.
1027:
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504:. He administered during the transition in the postwar years as the Crown granted thousands of acres of land, mostly in what became
515:, serving from 1785 to 1794. He then departed Bermuda on HMS Scorpion (stopping enroute at Antigua on 4 December 1794) to serve as
861:
Henry Hamilton and George Rogers Clark in the American Revolution, with the Unpublished Journal of Lieut. Governor Henry Hamilton
316:
in 1760, but a French officer switched coats with him to ease his apprehensions about Native Americans killing British officers.
139:
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Henry Hamilton was reassigned to Canada in 1782 under an appointment as Lieutenant-Governor, and later Deputy-Governor of the
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508:, to Loyalists as compensation for their losses in the former Thirteen Colonies and as payment to soldiers.
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In early March, General George Rogers Clark ordered Hamilton to be taken to the Virginia state capital in
892:
839:"Hamilton, Henry, d.1796. Henry Hamilton drawings of North American scenes and Native Americans: Guide"
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265:
191:
163:
340:
In 1775, Henry Hamilton was appointed as Lieutenant Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs at
723:
520:
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902:"'The Famous Hair Buyer General': Henry Hamilton, George Rogers Clark, and the American Indian"
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officer and colonial administrator. He served in North America as Lieutenant Governor of the
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George Rogers Clark and Illinois Regiment, Virginia state forces in the Illinois Country
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221:'s government until October 1780. He was then sent to New York and gained freedom in a
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445:, commanding Virginia state forces, captured several undermanned British posts in the
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This was a controversial policy, because he and other British officials realised that
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In 1779, Hamilton was captured during the Revolutionary War by American forces at
762:"Mobilizing for War: Logistics and the British War Effort in the West, 1775-1783"
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238:
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while serving as the Lieutenant Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs at
644:. Detroit: Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. pp. x–xiii
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206:
664:"Henry Hamilton drawings of North American scenes and Native Americans: Guide"
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324:
327:. In 1775, he sold his commission, leaving the Army for a political career.
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Virginia's capital, he was jailed and placed in irons by order of Governor
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561:. The first part is about the protagonist marching as a drummer boy with
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535:, British North America, now Antigua and Barbuda, on 29 September 1796.
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Lieutenant Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs at Fort Detroit
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covering a man's life in the old Northwest from the Revolution to the
988:
American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by the United States
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214:
940:. Madison, Wisconsin: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
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With the support of Governor General of British North America
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later served as a Privy Councillor and Under-Secretary to the
666:. Cambridge: Houghton Library, Harvard College Library. 2009
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History of Old Vincennes and Knox County, Indiana, Volume 1
1038:
British prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War
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Lieutenant governors of the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
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between Britain and France, he served as a Captain in the
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993:
British military personnel of the French and Indian War
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After a few years, Hamilton was reassigned as royal
348:(it then extended from the Atlantic to this area),
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589:
464:
268:. His direct paternal great-great-grandfather was
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587:
16:British Army officer and colonial administrator
891:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
551:wrote an epic historical novel in 1904 called
352:. (The fort site is now within the borders of
703:. S.J. Clarke Publishing Company. p. 182
330:
998:British officials in the American Revolution
936:The Old Northwest in the American Revolution
380:British war policies on the western frontier
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417:and western Pennsylvania being killed and
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531:Hamilton died in office on the island of
479:Hamilton and other British prisoners as
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100:Military officer, colonial administrator
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828:
822:
747:
724:"The Rhetoric and Practice of Scalping"
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190:and later as Deputy Governor after the
116:Mary Anne Pierpoint Hamilton (daughter)
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964:, 1778–1779, Indiana Historical Bureau
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880:
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787:George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville
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496:Later career as British royal governor
429:Hamilton surrendering to Clark in the
280:As was typical of younger sons of the
217:, where Hamilton was held by Governor
1043:Military personnel from County Dublin
841:. Cambridge: Harvard University. 2001
785:Fort Sackville was named in honor of
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225:in 1781, being allowed to depart for
150:Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne
63:
641:Detroit to Fort Sackville, 1778–1779
1048:Military personnel from County Cork
1033:Michigan in the American Revolution
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722:Brown, Zachary (1 September 2016).
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1023:Indiana in the American Revolution
932:Skaggs, David Curtis, ed. (1977).
728:Journal of the American Revolution
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14:
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955:
885:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
1028:Irish people of Scottish descent
1003:East Yorkshire Regiment officers
888:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
270:Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley
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465:Defeat and prisoner in Virginia
323:, Hamilton rose to the rank of
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292:in North America, part of the
92:Hair Buyer, Hair-buyer General
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592:Vincennes: Portal to The West
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284:, Henry Hamilton entered the
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900:Sheehan, Bernard W. (1983).
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7:
906:Indiana Magazine of History
893:University of Toronto Press
863:. Crawfordsville, Indiana:
237:Henry Hamilton was born in
202:, where he died in office.
182:– 29 September 1796) was a
10:
1064:
962:"Henry Hamilton's Journal"
881:Arthur, Elizabeth (1979).
874:
697:Greene, George E. (1911).
331:American Revolutionary War
266:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
192:American Revolutionary War
638:Macleod, Normand (1778).
441:In 1778, Patriot Colonel
401:. Hamilton responded to
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596:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
588:Derleth, August (1968).
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521:Commonwealth of Dominica
213:. He was transported to
431:Siege of Fort Vincennes
256:Hamilton was raised in
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372:was far from assured.
312:. He was captured at
1013:Governors of Dominica
766:National Park Service
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350:British North America
300:. They fought in the
298:15th Regiment of Foot
290:French and Indian War
282:Protestant Ascendancy
194:. He later served as
1008:Governors of Bermuda
517:Governor of Dominica
260:. His older brother
258:County Cork, Ireland
251:Member of Parliament
200:Governor of Dominica
563:George Rogers Clark
513:Governor of Bermuda
492:on a British ship.
443:George Rogers Clark
245:, a younger son of
196:Governor of Bermuda
74:British West Indies
859:Barnhart, John D.
543:In popular culture
519:, the present-day
502:Province of Quebec
434:
346:Province of Quebec
262:Sackville Hamilton
188:Province of Quebec
140:Frederick Hamilton
135:Sackville Hamilton
883:"Hamilton, Henry"
549:Winston Churchill
486:George Washington
354:Detroit, Michigan
223:prisoner exchange
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145:Gustavus Hamilton
64:29 September 1796
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481:prisoners-of-war
476:Thomas Jefferson
447:Illinois Country
310:Battle of Quebec
294:Seven Years' War
253:, and his wife.
219:Thomas Jefferson
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89:Other names
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198:and lastly, as
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769:. Retrieved
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748:Sheehan 1983
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731:. Retrieved
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685:Sheehan 1983
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668:. Retrieved
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646:. Retrieved
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626:Sheehan 1983
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471:Williamsburg
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459:Leonard Helm
449:, including
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403:Lord Germain
391:Pennsylvania
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342:Fort Detroit
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321:Guy Carleton
318:
286:British Army
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211:Fort Detroit
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184:British Army
172:
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983:1796 deaths
912:(1): 1–28.
811:Skaggs 1977
799:Skaggs 1977
707:10 December
362:Great Lakes
302:1758 attack
249:, an Irish
180: 1734
81:Nationality
47: 1734
972:Categories
845:1 February
733:19 October
570:References
547:US author
314:Sainte-Foy
306:Louisbourg
233:Early life
575:Citations
455:Vincennes
410:Loyalists
366:Canadians
157:Signature
137:(brother)
131:Relatives
54:, Ireland
918:27790676
610:68020537
415:Kentucky
399:Kentucky
395:Virginia
308:and the
215:Virginia
113:Children
923:31 July
875:Sources
771:31 July
670:8 March
648:31 July
533:Antigua
419:scalped
370:Indians
243:Ireland
147:(uncle)
142:(uncle)
84:British
70:Antigua
944:
916:
867:, 1951
608:
397:, and
239:Dublin
227:London
121:Father
105:Spouse
52:Dublin
914:JSTOR
865:Banta
527:Death
942:ISBN
925:2023
847:2011
773:2023
735:2021
709:2016
672:2012
650:2023
606:LCCN
368:and
60:Died
40:Born
453:at
356:).
304:on
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