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383:, claimed his earliest efforts in literature were wild and formless. He was full of imagination, but without taste or knowledge. Therefore, from 1830 to 1835 Wergeland was subjected to severe attacks from Welhaven and others. Welhaven, being a classicist, could not tolerate Wergeland's explosive way of writing, and published an essay about Wergeland's style. As an answer to these attacks, Wergeland published several poetical farces under the pseudonym of "Siful Sifadda". Welhaven showed no understanding of Wergeland's poetical style, or even of his personality. On one hand, the quarrel was personal, on the other, cultural and political. What had started as a mock-quarrel in the Norwegian Students' Community soon blew out of proportion and became a long lasting newspaper dispute for nearly two years. Welhaven's criticism, and the slander produced by his friends, created a lasting prejudice against Wergeland and his early productions.
598:, a reminder of values Wergeland admired. On the other hand, he was the Swedish king who had hindered the national independence. The radicals called Wergeland a renegade, and he defended himself in many ways. But it was apparent that he himself felt lonely and betrayed. On one occasion, he was present at a students' party, and tried to propose a toast for the old professors, and was rudely interrupted. After a couple of attempts, he despaired and broke a bottle against his forehead. Only one single person, a physician, later recalled that Wergeland wept that night. Later that evening, the students prepared a procession in honour of the university, and they all left Wergeland behind. Only one student offered him his arm, and this was enough to get Wergeland back in the mood. The student was
501:. One of the actors finally calmed the audience, and the play commenced. Later, after the play, the ladies in the first and second row acted on behalf of Wergeland, throwing rotten tomatoes at the offenders, and then fights erupted, inside and outside the theater building, and in the streets nearby. Allegedly, some of them tried to escape, and were dragged back for another round of beating. The offenders were shamed for weeks, and dared not show themselves for a while. The story of this battle, called "the battle of the Campbells" (Cambellerslaget), was witnessed and recorded by a member of the Norwegian Parliament.
183:, which came to pass because any celebration of the national day was forbidden by royal decree. Wergeland was, of course, present and became renowned for standing up against the local governors. Later, he became the first to give a public address on behalf of the day and thus he was given credit as the one who "initiated the day". His grave and statues are decorated by students and school children every year. Notably, the Jewish community of Oslo pays their respects at his grave on 17 May, in appreciation of his successful efforts to
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toy-trumpets and pipes, they began to interrupt the performance from the very beginning. The tumult rose, and the chief of the
Christiania police could do nothing more than shout for order while jumping in his seat. Later, it has been said that the high-ranking gentlemen acted like schoolboys, and one of them, an attorney in the high court, broke into the lounge of
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His coffin was carried by the
Norwegian students, while the appointed wagon went in front of them empty. Allegedly, the students insisted on carrying the coffin themselves. Wergeland's grave was left open during the afternoon, and all day, people revered him by spreading flowers on his coffin, until evening came. His father wrote his thanks for this in
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as well. He had to stay inside, and the illness turned out to be terminal. There have been many theories about the nature of his sickness. There are some who claim he developed lung cancer after a lifetime of smoking. At the time, the dangers of smoking were unknown to most people. This last year, he
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Wergeland had tried to get employment as a chaplain or priest for many years up to this point. He was always turned down, mostly because the employers found his way of living "irresponsible" and "unpredictable". His legal strife with Praëm was also a hindrance. The department stated that he could not
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From his house in Grønlia, Wergeland had to row across the fjord to a small inn at the
Christiania quay. Here, he met Amalie Sofie Bekkevold, then 19 years of age, daughter of the proprietor. Wergeland quickly fell in love, and proposed the same autumn. They got married on 27 April 1839 in the church
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and was married a second time to a
Scottish woman, Marjorie Lawrie (1712–1784). Their daughter Jacobine Chrystie (1746–1818) was married to the town clerk of Kristiansand Henrik Arnold Thaulow (1722–1799), father of Wergeland's mother Alette Thaulow (1780–1843). Wergeland got his first name from the
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Wergeland had a hot temper and fought willingly for social justice. At the time, poverty was normal in the rural areas, and serfdom was common. He was generally suspicious of lawyers because of their attitude towards farmers, especially poor ones, and often fought lawyers and jurists in the courts,
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of 1830 made him a force in politics also. Meanwhile, he was tireless in his efforts to advance the national cause. He established popular libraries, and tried to alleviate the widespread poverty of the
Norwegian peasantry. He preached the simple life, denounced foreign luxuries, and set an example
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Wergeland was in fact laid in a humble section of the churchyard, and soon his friends began to write in the newspapers, claiming a better site for him. He was eventually moved to his present grave in 1848. At this time, debate arose about a proper monument for his grave. The monument on his grave
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Henrik
Wergeland died at his home early morning 12 July 1845. His funeral was held 17 July, and was attended by thousands, many of whom had traveled from the districts around Christiania. The priest had expected some hundreds, but had to correct himself. The congregation was ten times that number.
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offered him a small "royal pension" that nearly doubled his salary. Wergeland accepted this as a payment for his work as a "public teacher". This pension gave
Wergeland enough income to marry and settle down. His marriage the same spring made him calmer, and he applied again, this time for the new
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But the riots began on the second day of performance, 28 January 1838. To this performance, 26 distinguished high-ranking gentlemen from the university, court and administration mustered to take
Wergeland once and for all. They bought themselves the best seats in the audience, and armed with small
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Amalie became the inspiration for a new book of love poems; this book was filled with images of flowers, whereas his earlier love poems had been filled with images of stars. After
Wergeland's death, she married the priest, Nils Andreas Biørn, who officiated at his funeral and was an old college
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became her trusted friend throughout their lives. The marriage produced no children, but the couple adopted Olaf, an illegitimate son
Wergeland had fathered in 1835, and Wergeland secured an education for the boy. Olaf Knudsen, as he was called, would later become the founder of the Norwegian
131:(17 June 1808 – 12 July 1845) was a Norwegian writer, most celebrated for his poetry but also a prolific playwright, polemicist, historian, and linguist. He is often described as a leading pioneer in the development of a distinctly Norwegian literary heritage and of modern Norwegian culture.
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said, "When in our footprints something sprouts,/ it's a new growth of Wergeland's thoughts." She, among others, initiated an annual celebration on his birthday. She started the traditional "flower-parade", and celebrated his memory with recitation and song, and often performing his plays.
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Now I see how you all loved him, how you revered him... God reward and bless you all! The brother you held in such esteem had a risky beginning, was misunderstood a long time and suffered long, but had a beautiful ending. His life was not strewn with roses, but his death and grave the more
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and had to stay at home for a fortnight. While recovering, he insisted on taking part in the national celebrations that year, and his sister Camilla met him, "pale as death, but in the spirit of 17 May" on his way to the revels. Soon after, his illness returned, and now he had symptoms of
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After his employment, Wergeland became suspected by his earlier comrades in the republican movement, of betraying his cause. He, as left-wing, should not have taken anything from the King. Wergeland had an ambiguous view of Carl Johan. In one perspective, he was a symbol of
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in Scotland. At the same time, he expressed several critical sentiments towards prevailing social conditions in Norway, including poverty and avaricious lawyers. The play was an immediate crowd-pleaser, and was later considered by many to be his greatest theatrical success.
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get a parish while this case was still unresolved. His last attempt vanished "on a rose-red cloud" during the winter of 1839, due to an incident in a tavern when he drew blood by striking his head with a pewter plate after his advances on a nearby patron were rejected.
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Wergeland was tall, reckoned by the average Norwegian height at the time. He stood a head taller than most of his contemporaries (about 1m and 80 cm). Often, he could be seen gazing upwards, especially when he rode his horse through town. The horse,
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Though Wergeland only lived to be 37, his range of pursuits covered literature, theology, history, contemporary politics, social issues, and science. His views were controversial in his time, and his literary style was variously denounced as subversive.
800:(The English Pilot 1844), form a series of narrative poems in short lyrical metres which remain the most interesting and important of their kind in Norwegian literature. He was less successful in other branches of letters; in the drama neither his
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in 1825 to study for the church and graduated in 1829. That year, he became a symbol of the fight for celebration of the constitution at 17 May, which was later to become the Norwegian National Day. He became a public hero after the infamous
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would not print his answers, not even his poetical responses. One of his best known poems was written at this time, a response to the paper's statement that Wergeland was "irritable and in a bad mood". Wergeland responded in free metre:
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Wergeland became a symbol for the Norwegian Left-wing movement, and was embraced by many later Norwegian poets, right up until today. Thus, a great number of later poets owe him allegiance in one way or another. As the Norwegian poet
816:(The History of the Norwegian Constitution) 1841–1843, is still regarded as an important source. The poems of his later years include many lyrics of great beauty, which are among the permanent treasures of Norwegian poetry.
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yet containing elements of traditional Norwegian Eddic verse. In the pattern of the classical 6-11th century Norse poets, his intellectual forefathers, his writing is evocative and intentionally veiled - featuring elaborate
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by wearing Norwegian homespun clothes. He strove for enlightenment and greater understanding of the constitutional rights his people had been given. Thus, he became increasingly popular among common people.
209:. Stella is in fact based on four girls, whom Wergeland fell in love with (two of whom he wooed), and never got really close to. The character of Stella also inspired him to endeavour on the great epic
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who could legally take hold of small homesteads. Wergeland made great enemies for this, and in one case, the judicial problem lasted for years and nearly left him bankrupt. The quarrel had started at
199:(poems, first circle), which attracted the liveliest attention to his name. In this book we find his ideal love, the heavenly Stella, which can be described as a Wergeland equivalent to Beatrice in
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399:. His use of metaphors are vivid, and complex, and many of his poems quite long. He challenges the reader to contemplate his poems over and over, but so do his contemporaries
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One might conclude that the followers of Wergeland won the day, but the men in position might have taken some revenge by slandering Wergeland's reputation after his death.
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In February, a performance was held "for the benefit of Mr Wergeland", and this gave him enough money to purchase a small abode outside town, in Grønlia under the hill of
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Meanwhile, Wergeland worked as a librarian at the University Library for a small wage, from January 1836. In the period 1835–1837 he edited a radical magazine entitled
411:. The free form and multiple interpretations especially offended Welhaven, who held an aesthetical view of poetry as appropriately concentrated on one topic at a time.
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221:(Man). In these works, Wergeland shows the history of Man and God's plan for humanity. The works are clearly platonic-romantic, and is also based on ideals from the
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435:, at the time a drill field for a section of the Norwegian army. In his plays, his nemesis, the procurator Jens Obel Praëm, would be cast as the devil himself.
159:. The father was himself pastor of Eidsvold and the poet was thus brought up in the very holy of holies of Norwegian patriotism. Wergeland's younger sister was
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629:, more than he could afford. He had to sell his house, and Grotten was purchased the following winter by a good friend of his, who understood his plight.
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578:. The application is dated January 1840. Eventually, he obtained it, and was employed from 4 January 1841 until he had to retire in the autumn of 1844.
672:. Here, he wrote some of his best known sickbed poems. He wrote almost to the end. The last written poem is dated 9 July, three days before his death.
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In January 1844 the court decided on a compromise in the Praëm case. Wergeland had to bail himself out, and he felt humiliated. The sum was set at 800
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Wergeland, who until this point had written in Danish, supported the thought of a separate and independent language for Norway. Thus, he preceded
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229:. Thus, he criticizes abuse of power, and notably evil priests and their manipulation of people's minds. In the end, his credo goes like this:
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His lyrics have been translated into English by Illit Gröndal, G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, Jethro Bithell, Axel Gerhard Dehly and Anne Born.
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I in a bad mood, Morgenblad? I, who need nothing more than a glimpse of sun to burst out in loud laughter, from a joy I cannot explain?
371:(Why does humanity progress so slowly), Wergeland expresses his conviction that God will guide humanity to progress and brighter days.
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Recently, his early poetry has been reassessed and more favorably recognized. Wergeland's poetry can in fact be regarded as strangely
668:, in April 1845. Grotten was then sold. But his new home was not yet finished, and he had to spend ten days at the national hospital
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In the autumn of 1837, Wergeland took part in a playwright's competition for the theater in Christiania. He came second, just behind
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Wergeland's most prominent poetical symbols are the flower and the star, symbolizing heavenly and earthly love, nature and beauty.
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But Wergeland was barred from writing in some of the bigger newspapers, and was therefore not allowed to defend himself. The paper
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Although Amalie was working class, she was also charming, witty and intelligent, and soon won the hearts of her husband's family.
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The poem was printed in another newspaper, and Morgenbladet printed the poem with an apology to Wergeland in the spring of 1846.
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851:. On his mother's side, he descended from both Danes and Scots. His great-grandfather, Andrew Chrystie (1697–1760), was born in
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would say that "there is not one political cause in Norway which has not been seen and anticipated by Henrik Wergeland".
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At the age of twenty-one he became a power in literature, and his enthusiastic preaching of the doctrines of the French
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friend of Wergeland. She had eight children by him. But at her death many years later, her eulogy was as follows:
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that require extensive context to be deciphered. From early on, he wrote poems in free style, without rhymes or
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812:(The Sea Cadets 1837), achieved any lasting success; while his elaborate contribution to political history,
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translated by G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, Jethro Bithell and I. Grøndahl, (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1929)
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606:. Thus, the two symbols of Norwegian left-wing movement, a generation apart, walked together.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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translated by Axel Gerhard Dehly, (Auburndale, Massachusetts: Maydell Publications, 1943)
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The widow of Wergeland has died at last, and she has inspired poems like no-one else in
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wrote rapidly from his sickbed, letters, poems, political statements and plays.
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443:(little brown), is reckoned to be a small Norwegian breed (but not a
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1270:(in Norwegian). NBdigital, Norway's National Library. Archived from
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Henrik Wergelands religiøse utvikling: en litteraturhistorisk studie
447:). Thus, when Wergeland rode his horse, his feet dragged after him.
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Due to his economic situation, Wergeland moved to a smaller house,
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The psychological pressure may have contributed to his illness.
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728:, it receives an annual wreath of flowers from students at the
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1253:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Dokumentasjonsprosjektet. 13 August 1998
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In 1829 he published a volume of lyrical and patriotic poems,
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Freedom is the heart of the spirit, Truth the spirit's desire
1156:(5 August 2015). "Dølar på Dalen". Klassekampen. p. 10.
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Through the gloom of priests, through the thunder of kings
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Each in own heart wears his altar and sacrificial vessel
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On 17 April 1841, he and Amalie moved to his new home,
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1124:
The army of truth: selected poems by Henrik Wergeland
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Directors-general of the National Archives of Norway
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Eagle wings: poetry by Bjørnson, Ibsen and Wergeland
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1235:Henrik Wergeland at the Lied and Art Song Archive
1090:by Illit Gröndal, (Oxford, B.H. Blackwell, 1919).
786:(The Swallow, also translated to English, 1841),
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743:occupiers forbade any celebration of Wergeland.
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871:His ancestors with the name Wergeland lived at
716:His statue stands between the Royal Palace and
353:Lords are all on earth, priests are all for God
1181:Henrik Wergeland statue in Fargo, North Dakota
288:shines over the sky, now the roof of a temple,
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839:His father was the son of a bellringer from
751:The collected writings of Henrik Wergeland (
473:. This play was based on tunes and poems by
418:by 15 years. Later, the Norwegian historian
369:Hvi skrider Menneskeheden saa langsomt frem?
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540:School-gardening, and a prominent teacher.
261:torches of thralldom and pyres of sacrifice
245:the earth no more be sundered and plundered
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341:Each in own brow wears his heavenly throne
147:(1780–1848), who had been a member of the
1268:"Samlede Skrifter (23 vols., 1918–1940)"
1251:"Samlede Skrifter (23 vols., 1918–1940)"
1230:Henrik Wergeland at Norwegian Wikisource
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469:. Wergeland had written a musical play,
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256:Bloodstained crowns, executioner's steel
938:Family of Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland
879:"at the top of the valley leading from
753:Samlede Skrifter : trykt og utrykt
104:Poet, playwright and non-fiction writer
3884:Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour
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912:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Dreyers forlag.
3795:Romanticism and the French Revolution
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759:. An earlier compilation also titled
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532:, with Wergeland's father as priest.
3954:Opposition to antisemitism in Norway
1321:Henrik Wergeland, the Norwegian poet
1265:Electronic text and scanned images:
1088:Henrik Wergeland, the Norwegian poet
3939:19th-century Norwegian male writers
1186:Wergeland statue by Gustav Vigeland
1059:"Fædrelandsvennens første redaktør"
883:, North of the county line towards
461:Entry in a playwrights' competition
13:
3924:19th-century Norwegian journalists
1200:Works by or about Henrik Wergeland
1057:Øyvind Andresen (5 January 2021).
1009:Wergeland hailed on 200th birthday
898:
859:. This Andrew migrated in 1717 to
163:and younger brother major general
14:
3965:
1174:
739:During the Second World War, the
640:In the spring of 1844, he caught
477:, and the plot commented on both
309:The spirits of the earth now glow
3848:
3847:
1296:"Wergeland, Henrik Arnold"
972:
636:Period of illness prior to death
602:, later the father of Norwegian
31:
1455:
1216:Henrik Wergeland at Norske Dikt
1160:
1129:
1117:
1105:
891:is a Danish transliteration of
855:, and belonged to the Scottish
765:Henrik Wergeland og hans Samtid
375:Personal and political struggle
217:). It was remodeled in 1845 as
211:Skabelsen, Mennesket og Messias
190:
129:Henrik Arnold Thaulow Wergeland
46:Henrik Arnold Thaulow Wergeland
1336:Jan van Huysums Blomsterstykke
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776:Jan van Huysums Blomsterstykke
767:(1866), and the editor of his
657:Henrik Wergeland's grave – at
523:Amalie Sofie Bekkevold. (1842)
425:
266:no more shall gleam over earth
172:The Royal Frederick University
1:
3818:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1137:Nicolai Wergeland – utdypning
925:
814:Norges Constitutions Historie
554:
239:after the quadrants of altars
234:Heaven shall no more be split
215:Creation, Man and the Messiah
165:Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland
138:
3934:19th-century Norwegian poets
1240:Digitized books by Wergeland
1167:Wergeland-støtta på Verkland
950:Henrik Wergeland – utdypning
659:Our Saviour's Cemetery, Oslo
576:head of the national archive
569:. In late autumn 1838, King
471:Campbellerne (The Campbells)
16:Norwegian writer (1808–1845)
7:
3899:Norwegian newspaper editors
1031:Norsk biografisk leksikon.
514:
299:who now turns into an altar
10:
3970:
3929:Norwegian male journalists
3735:Coleridge's theory of life
1244:National Library of Norway
808:(The Venetians 1843), nor
726:Norwegian Constitution Day
699:Change of site at cemetery
3919:University of Oslo alumni
3909:Writers from Kristiansand
3827:
3790:Romanticism and economics
3727:
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2067:
1946:
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1805:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
1787:
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1384:Wergeland songs and poems
1350:Pigen paa anatomikammeret
1191:Works by Henrik Wergeland
1100:Poems by Henrik Wergeland
1046:no:Amalie Sofie Bekkevold
834:
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454:Bust of Henrik Wergeland
170:Henrik Wergeland entered
143:He was the oldest son of
116:
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23:
1570:German historical school
990:Wergeland, Henrik Arnold
746:
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381:Johan Sebastian Welhaven
2217:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1422:Torstein Blixfjord film
1314:Encyclopædia Britannica
1302:The American Cyclopædia
1139:(Store norske leksikon)
995:Encyclopædia Britannica
952:(Store norske leksikon)
863:in Norway, moved on to
3800:Romanticism in science
3755:Middle Ages in history
3750:List of Romantic poets
2462:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1378:Ifjor gatt'eg geitinn'
822:Ingeborg Refling Hagen
804:(The Campbells 1839),
796:(The Jewess 1844) and
661:
524:
457:
367:In his historic essay
185:allow Jews into Norway
3770:Romantic epistemology
3760:Opium and Romanticism
2329:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
1555:Counter-Enlightenment
868:elder Henrik Arnold.
734:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
695:(Nicolai Wergeland).
656:
596:the French Revolution
522:
479:Company rule in India
453:
331:to the soil will fall
293:and descends on earth
3904:Norwegian male poets
3894:Norwegian archivists
3834:Age of Enlightenment
1476:England (literature)
1014:20 July 2008 at the
548:Norwegian literature
456:by Hans Hansen. 1845
379:Critics, especially
336:to the eternal call:
278:the dawn of freedom,
250:by tyrant's sceptres
177:battle of the Square
149:constituent assembly
3785:Romantic psychology
1580:Hudson River School
1524:Sweden (literature)
1509:Russia (literature)
1408:English translation
771:("Letters", 1867).
326:earthly spirits all
314:in freshened hearts
304:for brotherly love.
283:bright day of truth
3944:Language reformers
1770:White Mountain art
1711:Historical fiction
1519:Spain (literature)
1274:on 5 February 2010
1069:on 18 January 2021
730:University of Oslo
662:
589:Personal struggles
525:
458:
197:Digte, første Ring
3861:
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3775:Romantic medicine
3745:List of romantics
3184:
3183:
2835:Felix Mendelssohn
2830:Fanny Mendelssohn
2641:
2640:
2355:Rosalía de Castro
2293:Soares dos Passos
1641:Transcendentalism
1605:Nazarene movement
1565:Düsseldorf School
1371:Til min gyldenlak
1248:Electronic text:
1195:Project Gutenberg
798:Den Engelske Lods
778:(Flower-piece by
492:Nicolai Wergeland
227:French Revolution
145:Nicolai Wergeland
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1310:Henrik Wergeland
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981:public domain
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3536:Porto-Alegre
3190:Philosophers
3074:Rachmaninoff
2632:
2523:Chavchavadze
2513:Baratashvili
2273:João de Deus
2242:Wincenty Pol
2034:Küchelbecker
1762:
1728:Noble savage
1715:
1681:
1656:Wallenrodism
1633:
1619:
1550:Coppet group
1484:(literature)
1413:
1404:
1396:
1389:
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1335:
1329:Translations
1328:
1327:
1320:
1300:
1287:
1286:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:the original
1255:. Retrieved
1209:
1208:
1162:
1136:
1131:
1123:
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1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:the original
1062:
1052:
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1032:
1027:
1004:
993:
949:
944:
933:
909:
892:
888:
875:, a farm in
870:
838:
830:
827:
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813:
810:Søkadetterne
809:
806:Venetianerne
805:
802:Campbellerne
801:
797:
793:
787:
783:
775:
774:Wergeland's
773:
768:
764:
760:
752:
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738:
715:
706:Swedish Jews
702:
691:
690:
686:Morgenbladet
685:
682:
674:
665:
663:
647:tuberculosis
639:
631:
624:
621:
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611:Morgenbladet
610:
608:
592:
580:
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562:
558:
545:
542:
534:
526:
506:
503:
488:
475:Robert Burns
470:
464:
440:
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420:Halvdan Koht
413:
385:
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233:
218:
210:
204:
196:
194:
191:Early poetry
169:
142:
133:
128:
127:
73:(1845-07-12)
71:12 July 1845
58:Kristiansand
55:17 June 1808
18:
3879:1845 deaths
3874:1808 births
3526:Michałowski
3358:Wackenroder
3323:F. Schlegel
3318:A. Schlegel
3094:Tchaikovsky
2983:Bortkiewicz
2855:R. Schumann
2850:C. Schumann
2815:Kalkbrenner
2784:Saint-Saëns
2089:Anne Brontë
1974:Eichendorff
1959:B. v. Arnim
1954:A. v. Arnim
1764:Weltschmerz
1723:Medievalism
1672:Blue flower
1600:Nationalist
1545:Bohemianism
1457:Romanticism
1257:23 November
1073:15 December
1020:Aftenposten
847:, Sogn and
627:speciedaler
441:Veslebrunen
426:Personality
409:Shakespeare
388:modernistic
181:Christiania
121:Romanticism
78:Christiania
3868:Categories
3401:Chassériau
3376:Aivazovsky
3084:Rubinstein
3069:Mussorgsky
3018:Wieniawski
3003:Paderewski
2845:Moszkowski
2628:Vörösmarty
2618:Shevchenko
2472:Longfellow
2396:Batyushkov
2391:Baratynsky
2360:Espronceda
2227:Mickiewicz
2222:Malczewski
2189:Wordsworth
2174:M. Shelley
2129:de Quincey
1994:Günderrode
1878:Baudelaire
1758:Wanderlust
1595:Lake Poets
1414:Juleaften:
1405:Juleaften:
1397:Juleaften:
1364:Siste reis
1278:21 January
926:References
571:Carl Johan
555:Employment
433:Gardermoen
416:Ivar Aasen
407:, or even
139:Early life
101:Occupation
51:1808-06-17
3841:Modernism
3501:Kiprensky
3461:Géricault
3446:Friedrich
3436:Delacroix
3411:Constable
3391:Bonington
3381:Bierstadt
3333:Senancour
3308:Schelling
3263:Lamennais
3258:Khomyakov
3223:Coleridge
3218:Chaadayev
3125:Stanković
3120:Mokranjac
3039:Balakirev
2998:Moniuszko
2947:Donizetti
2942:Cherubini
2840:Meyerbeer
2825:Marschner
2800:Beethoven
2713:Moscheles
2647:Musicians
2633:Wergeland
2598:Orbeliani
2553:Grundtvig
2457:Hawthorne
2426:Zhukovsky
2421:Vyazemsky
2406:Lermontov
2365:Gutiérrez
2324:Radičević
2288:Herculano
2212:Krasiński
2154:Radcliffe
2124:Coleridge
2099:E. Brontë
2094:C. Brontë
2024:Jean Paul
2019:Hölderlin
1908:Lamartine
1845:Magalhães
1835:Guimarães
1743:Pantheism
1733:Nostalgia
1585:Indianism
1533:Movements
1464:Countries
1210:Norwegian
918:729144143
889:Wergeland
885:Hordaland
877:Ytre Sogn
845:Hordaland
782:, 1840),
666:Hjerterum
642:pneumonia
219:Mennesket
112:1829–1845
84:), Norway
3853:Category
3669:Dahlhaus
3654:Blanning
3621:Scholars
3591:Tropinin
3586:Tidemand
3576:Stattler
3571:Scheffer
3471:Głowacki
3441:Edelfelt
3396:Bryullov
3338:Snellman
3313:Schiller
3303:Rousseau
3283:Michelet
3228:Constant
3198:Belinsky
3171:Sibelius
3115:Konjović
3089:Scriabin
3059:Lyapunov
2993:Lipiński
2962:Spontini
2952:Paganini
2896:Goldmark
2687:Thalberg
2682:Schubert
2662:Bruckner
2623:Topelius
2613:Runeberg
2603:Prešeren
2573:Leopardi
2538:Frashëri
2528:Eminescu
2508:Andersen
2416:Tyutchev
2401:Karamzin
2375:Zorrilla
2370:Saavedra
2268:Castilho
2256:Portugal
2247:Słowacki
2149:Polidori
2079:Barbauld
2014:Hoffmann
1969:Brentano
1883:Bertrand
1704:Romantic
1540:Ancients
1514:Scotland
1063:Argument
1012:Archived
908:(1943).
893:Verkland
873:Verkland
849:Sunnmøre
794:Jødinden
718:Storting
530:Eidsvoll
515:Marriage
393:kennings
225:and the
203:'s poem
153:Eidsvoll
89:Pen name
3694:Lovejoy
3629:Abraham
3551:Richard
3541:Préault
3466:Girodet
3348:Thoreau
3293:Novalis
3278:Mazzini
3273:Maistre
3248:Hazlitt
3233:Emerson
3213:Carlyle
3203:Berchet
3146:Berwald
3141:Bennett
3110:Hristić
3064:Medtner
3044:Borodin
3034:Arensky
2957:Rossini
2932:Bellini
2911:Joachim
2884:Hungary
2865:Strauss
2793:Germany
2759:Berlioz
2728:Voříšek
2723:Smetana
2701:Czechia
2655:Austria
2588:Maturin
2583:Manzoni
2558:Heliade
2533:Foscolo
2503:Alfieri
2498:Abovian
2452:Emerson
2411:Pushkin
2350:Bécquer
2283:Garrett
2237:Potocki
2184:Southey
2144:Maturin
2114:Carlyle
2071:Britain
2044:Novalis
1999:Gutzkow
1947:Germany
1913:Mérimée
1898:Gautier
1825:Barreto
1820:Azevedo
1800:Alencar
1780:Writers
1699:Byronic
1635:Purismo
1489:Germany
1471:Denmark
1420:YouTube
1312:in the
1305:. 1879.
1288:English
1242:in the
1223:at the
1202:at the
983::
583:Grotten
574:job as
509:Ekeberg
483:serfdom
405:Shelley
3719:Wellek
3699:de Man
3684:Janion
3674:Ferber
3649:Berlin
3644:Beiser
3639:Barzun
3634:Abrams
3611:Wiertz
3596:Turner
3546:Révoil
3531:Palmer
3521:Martin
3516:Leutze
3491:Janmot
3451:Fuseli
3406:Church
3298:Quinet
3288:Müller
3243:Goethe
3238:Fichte
3161:Franck
3103:Serbia
3054:Glinka
3027:Russia
3013:Tausig
3008:Stolpe
2988:Chopin
2976:Poland
2937:Busoni
2901:Heller
2870:Wagner
2805:Brahms
2779:Onslow
2769:Halévy
2737:France
2718:Reicha
2708:Dvořák
2677:Mahler
2672:Hummel
2667:Czerny
2563:Isaacs
2543:Geijer
2477:Lowell
2467:Irving
2447:Cooper
2442:Bryant
2384:Russia
2319:Njegoš
2314:Kostić
2309:Jakšić
2302:Serbia
2232:Norwid
2207:Fredro
2199:Poland
2169:Seward
2059:Uhland
2049:Schwab
2039:Mörike
2029:Kleist
1984:Goethe
1979:Fouqué
1928:Nodier
1923:Nerval
1918:Musset
1870:France
1860:Varela
1855:Taunay
1840:Macedo
1788:Brazil
1738:Ossian
1665:Themes
1504:Poland
1499:Norway
1481:France
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861:Brevik
853:Dunbar
835:Family
784:Svalen
712:Legacy
109:Period
94:farces
3805:Bacon
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3709:Ricks
3704:Nancy
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2164:Scott
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2009:Heine
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1748:Rhine
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1390:Poem
1323:1919
1280:2010
1259:2009
1075:2021
914:OCLC
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