Hell Gate Bridge - Knowledge

1278: 1354: 1198:(ICC) to allow all freight trains on the bridge. The PRR and NH again opposed the move, and the PRR argued that allowing other railroads' trains on the bridge would discourage railroads from improving routes used by competitors. ICC examiners recommended opening the bridge only to freight trains toward Long Island; at the time, traffic to Long Island constituted 88 percent of the island's freight traffic volume. The Port Authority continued to advocate for allowing all railroads to use the bridge in both directions. The freight tracks were electrified in 1927. The Port Authority also asked the ICC to lower the fees charged on freight trains using the bridge. The ICC ruled in 1928 that the railroads were not required to lower their rates but that they were required to allow other railroads to use the bridge during emergencies or when other routes were congested. 1595:

box-shaped cross section. The two chords are 140 feet (43 m) apart at either shore of Hell Gate, narrowing to 40 feet (12 m) apart at the middle of the river. Each lower chord ranges in thickness from approximately 7 to 11 feet (2.1 to 3.4 m), and the thickest sections of the lower chord are divided into two compartments. The upper chord is thinner and functions like a stiffening truss; it is shaped like a hump, both for structural reinforcement and for esthetic purposes. It reaches a maximum height of 300 feet (91 m) or 305 feet (93 m) above mean high water. Beams run vertically and diagonally between the upper and lower chords. There is also transverse bracing between the upper chords and lower chords on either side of the bridge.

1207: 873: 1614:. They measure 220 feet (67 m) high and are made of concrete; the towers are clad with Maine granite above ground level. At the bases of each tower are two 500,000-pound (230,000 kg) cast-steel hinges, one for each of the lower chords. The Queens tower sits atop a layer of rock 20 feet (6.1 m) below the ground. The layer of rock on the Wards Island side is substantially deeper, descending more than 100 feet (30 m), and so the Wards Island tower sits atop a deep caisson foundation. At ground level, the towers have a cross section of 104 by 140 feet (32 by 43 m). Each tower has a "shoulder", upon which the lower chords rest, and the towers' dimensions shrink above this shoulder. 1187:, which sought to increase the number of freight trains that used the Hell Gate Bridge, hosted hearings in late 1924 to determine whether New York Central freight trains should be allowed to use the bridge, The Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce and Long Island shippers endorsed the proposal, while the LIRR, NH, and PRR opposed it. The Port Authority ordered the PRR and NH to allow New York Central trains on the bridge in February 1925. The order was modified to exclude freight to and from New England, but the PRR and NH still refused to allow the New York Central to use the bridge after thirty days. A spur route from the bridge, which would have allowed trains from the Bronx to travel to a new terminal in 807:, a suspension bridge, and a cantilever bridge across Hell Gate. After rejecting all three designs, Lindenthal studied designs for a spandrel arch and a cantilever arch, both of which would be cheaper than either the suspension or cantilever proposals. The crescent-arch design would be thicker at its crown than at either end, while the spandrel-arch design would be thicker at its ends than at the crown. Although the crescent-arch design required less steel, Lindenthal liked the design of the spandrel arch because it appeared sturdier and because it complemented his designs for masonry towers at either end. Ultimately, he chose a modified form of the spandrel-arch design. His assistant 1657: 1159: 1694: 1080:

as 185 short tons (165 long tons; 168 t). The steel pieces were manufactured off-site and, at the time, were among the heaviest steel pieces ever manufactured. Each piece was delivered to the site via car floats, then transported up via derricks. To counteract sagging caused by the weight of the panels, both halves of the bridge occasionally had to be adjusted. The project as a whole was declared half-finished in July 1915. The last pieces of the lower chord were installed during the week of September 28 to October 4, 1915, and both halves were officially joined on October 1. The gap between the two parts of the arch was just

1554: 1234:, a Nazi sabotage plan, which was thwarted in 1942. The NYCR began leasing out land around the bridge's approach viaducts to nearby property owners in the 1940s. The property owners paid an annual fee and were obliged to maintain the land. Additionally, passengers had to pay a surcharge on tickets for train trips that used the bridge, unless they were traveling to or from New York City; the surcharge had resulted an estimated $ 20.9 million in revenue for the bridge from 1920 to 1950. The surcharge prompted investigations from the ICC in the mid-1940s and again in 1951, but the surcharge was upheld both times. 1893: 2214:", but that the bridge was rarely noticed by those on the ground. A writer for the same magazine called the Hell Gate Bridge "one of the most impressive and important railroad structures in America" in 2007. At the bridge's centennial, Greater Astoria Historical Society director Bob Singleton called the Hell Gate Bridge "a school for 20th-century bridge making" and attributed the bridge's relative obscurity to the fact that it did not accommodate vehicles or pedestrians. According to Amtrak's deputy chief structural engineer, Jim Richter, the bridge was "a great symbol of the railroad". 2112:

York City frequently chose to buy a ticket from their original departure point to Penn Station, then another from Penn Station to their destination. This prompted a complaint in 1945, in which a traveler claimed that the fee was discriminatory; an ICC examiner recommended that the PRR and NH stop charging the fee, but the ICC rejected the recommendation. The ICC launched another inquiry into the surcharge in 1951. ICC commissioner J. Monroe Johnson recommended in 1954 that the surcharge either be applied to all rail trips or be abolished entirely, but the ICC also rejected the proposal.

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north of 132nd Street, each with space for two tracks. Between 132nd and 138th Street, the ramps are largely supported by rectangular concrete piers. The plate girders run parallel to each other, under the tracks, and are intersected perpendicularly by I-beams, which support the concrete-and-ballast trackbeds above. The western ramp crosses over the Port Morris Branch's former eastern pair of tracks from 132nd to 133rd Street and is supported by large steel cross-girders. Between 138th and 142nd streets, the line is carried on an embankment measuring 900 feet (270 m) long.

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were among the largest rivets ever used. Due to cold weather, the upper chord of the arch could not be riveted together until May 1916. Locomotive cranes constructed the remaining portions of the viaducts. By mid-October 1916, the PRR and NH anticipated that passenger service would commence at the beginning of 1917. Finishing touches were placed on the bridge during late 1916. In total, the bridge cost $ 18.5 million. Before the bridge's official opening, police forces patrolled it to prevent sabotage during World War I.

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bonds to fund the construction of the Hell Gate Bridge and associated lines; the railroads had spent $ 8.6 million to date on the bridge. The bonds were issued later that year. During a site visit in mid-1914, a local civic group noted that a temporary span had been finished across Bronx Kill and that piers were being built within the riverbed of Little Hell Gate. The main span's towers had reached the height of the deck by the end of 1914, while almost all of the other piers had been completed by then.

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September 1918, amid the war. The media wrote that, due to its low use, the bridge's construction cost was unlikely to be recouped. As late as 1919, the bridge was still carrying very limited passenger service because of wartime restrictions that diverted train traffic. The New York Central stopped using the bridge in November 1920 after the PRR and NH raised the bridge's freight-transport fees, and the New York Central began using car floats to Long Island instead.

1602:, run parallel to and under the tracks for the entire length of the deck. Four additional stringers were intended to support unbuilt walkways or trolley tracks on either side. These are intersected by 24 transverse floor beams. Sixteen of the transverse beams are suspended from the lower chord, while the other eight beams are riveted to the vertical trusses between the lower and upper chords. Additional girders are used to stabilize the floor of the deck. 1126:, between New York and New Jersey, was completed in 1931. Its completion enabled passengers to travel the length of the Northeast Corridor without having to transfer to a ferry. Ammann initially estimated that the bridge would be mostly used by freight trains, because capacity constraints at Pennsylvania Station limited the bridge's two passenger tracks to 80 trains a day, and because most NH trains were planned to continue running to Grand Central. 1318:

falling. Even after the repairs were finished, local residents continued to express concerns about the viaduct's structural integrity. Additionally, the bridge's paint was peeling off by the late 1980s. Sources disagree on whether the bridge had last been repainted in 1939 or whether it had never been repainted at all; in either case, Amtrak's own vice president said the bridge should have been repainted three times in the previous half-century.

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Wards Island viaduct, trains cross the former Little Hell Gate strait to reach the Randalls Island viaduct. The viaduct across Randalls Island is about 1,965 feet (599 m) long and measures about 75 to 80 feet (23 to 24 m) high. It is supported by concrete arches similar to those on Wards Island. The arches support 24 plate-girder sections that measure between 80 and 87 feet (24 and 27 m) long.

1747:) at 142nd Street in Port Morris. Separate ramps carry the western and eastern pairs of tracks down to the level of the Port Morris Branch. As built, the western ramp descended between the Port Morris Branch's western and eastern pairs of tracks, while the eastern ramp descended to the east of the Port Morris Branch. Two sets of piers carry the ramps northward from the Bronx Kill span to 132nd Street. 1503:, and the Bronx Kill waterways, while the other two spans run above Randalls and Wards Islands. Including approach viaducts in the Bronx and Queens, the Hell Gate Bridge is composed of seven sections. Together with approaches, the bridge has been cited as being 15,840 feet (3.0 mi; 4.8 km), more than 17,000 feet (3.2 mi; 5.2 km), or 3.38 miles (17,800 ft; 5.44 km) long. 889:

PRR agreed to buy the last piece of land for the Queens approach that July, at which point the cost of the bridge had increased to $ 25 million. The NYCR's engineers prepared new plans for the main span's piers the same year. That December, the PRR and NH agreed to share the cost of the bridge's construction. The Hell Gate Bridge was to be the fifth bridge across the East River (after the

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contentious, but the PRR ultimately was promised a franchise from the city in December 1906. By then, the bridge was planned to fit four tracks, though only two would be used initially. The original two-track plan had been changed after the architects found that the cost of converting a two-track bridge to four tracks would be much higher than the upfront cost of a four-track bridge.

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The western viaduct is very similar to those above Randalls and Wards Islands, but the piers of the Queens viaduct use shallow foundations due to the presence of gravel and sand under the viaduct. The gravel and sand could not accommodate loads of more than 3 short tons per square foot (29 t/m), so the Queens viaduct is supported by especially wide concrete piers.

1142:, and a short-lived St. Louis–Pittsburgh–Boston route. Commuter services continued to run to Grand Central Terminal. Though the bridge only carried rail traffic when it opened, it could also be adapted for pedestrian and car traffic. By the end of 1917, all four tracks were complete, and freight trains began running across the bridge in January 1918. At the time, the 1714:, although the Bronx Kill was not a navigable waterway even at the time of the bridge's construction. As such, the piers under the span had space for drawbridge machinery, and the span had a clearance below of 63 feet (19 m). Underneath the Bronx Kill span is the Hell Gate Pathway, which continues underneath the Randalls and Wards Islands viaducts. 9053: 13906:"The Triborough Bridge, a $ 63,000,000 Steel and Concrete Giant, Opened to the Public: Three Boroughs of New York Linked to a Vast Project to Relieve Traffic Congestion; The Triborough Bridge, a $ 63,000,000 Steel and Concrete Giant, Opened to the Public: Three Boroughs of New York Linked to a Vast Project to Relieve Traffic Congestion" 913:. The PRR, NH, and LIRR were concurrently finalizing contracts for the construction of the NYCR line, which had commenced in mid-1910. The revised plans for the main span were not submitted to the Municipal Art Commission until early 1911, and a contract for the bridge's steel had still not been awarded. The PRR took 1412:

advance of its centennial, citing the fact that various parts of the spans had become discolored. That year, Amtrak increased rental fees for the land under the bridge from tens of dollars to as much as $ 40,000 a year. The railroad reversed the rent increases following outcry from local residents. The

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The main span measures 1,017 feet (310 m) long between the outer faces of the masonry "towers" on either side of Hell Gate. The clear span (between the inner faces) is 977.5 feet (297.9 m), while the distance between the centers of these towers is 995 feet (303 m). At the center of the

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was elected to his father's city council seat, the younger Vallone also unsuccessfully requested that Amtrak repaint the bridge throughout much of the 2000s. Following further reports of cracks and falling debris, Amtrak workers installed steel plates on the trackbed in the mid-2000s. Amtrak proposed

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rays and corrosion. Due to a flaw in the paint, the red color began to fade before the work was completed. The repainting was completed in 1996, and graffiti began to appear on the viaducts shortly afterward. Beginning in the 1990s, local residents and students painted several murals under the Queens

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hearing in 1990 after attempting to contact Amtrak officials about the bridge; at the hearing, Amtrak officials testified that the bridge did not need repainting. The officials also estimated the cost of repainting at $ 43 million, though Moynihan disputed these estimates. By then, city officials had

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appointed a committee to consider the plan. Albert Goldman, the Commissioner of Plant and Structures, estimated that the Hell Gate Bridge only had enough space for five lanes of roadway, so a new bridge would have to be constructed parallel to it. Accordingly, the Triborough Bridge was proposed as an

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were placed on opposite spans. The derrick car delivered girders that had already been riveted together, and the locomotive crane installed the girders for the outer tracks. The arched main span above Hell Gate was technically challenging because Hell Gate was a navigable waterway, and the arch could

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claimed that patients would be disturbed by loud noises, both during construction and after the bridge opened, but the city government claimed that the hospital's lease of the island had expired. The injunction was lifted in January 1913, when the State Supreme Court ruled that the law permitting the

14445:"Five More Electric Locomotives Added to New Haven Fleet: Trend in design is to higher-horsepower single-cab units—newest type is suitable for freight and passenger service Table I—Principal Dimensions and Weights of the Three Latest Types of New York, New Haven & Hartford Electric Locomotives". 2163:

wrote that the bridge's abutments would dwarf the buildings on Wards Islands but that "it will give the idea of lightness and symmetry as well as almost immovable strength". Hornbostel said the main span would "form a veritable triumphal arch at the northerly entrance of the Port of New York", while

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During World War I, passengers began paying a fee on trips that used the bridge. The surcharge, imposed on all passengers who were not departing or arriving at New York Penn Station, was originally 75 cents but was raised to 90 cents in 1920. To avoid the surcharge, passengers transiting through New

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took over the bridge itself, and the passenger services that used it, by 1975, while Conrail began operating additional freight trains over it during the same decade. Vandals frequently threw rocks from the bridge and set fires, which had prompted Penn Central, and later Amtrak, to increase security

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Train traffic in the U.S. started to decrease in the mid-20th century as a result of increased automobile usage. This adversely affected both of the NYCR's co-owners and caused the bridge to fall into disrepair. The NH had declared bankruptcy in 1961 but continued to own a 50% stake in the bridge. A

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By 1932, residents of Long Island were advocating for the construction of a second rail link between their island and the Bronx, due to the lack of direct freight service to eastern Long Island via the Hell Gate Bridge. The same year, the ICC hosted hearings over whether to run passenger trains over

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in Manhattan was completed, the railroad would begin constructing the bridge. The bridge was to cost up to $ 20 million. By early 1909, the NH had acquired all of the necessary land for the Bronx approach, while the PRR was still acquiring land in Queens for both the passenger and freight lines. The

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requested in March 1904 that the Rapid Transit Commission approve the bridge and belt line, and charge the PRR rent, so work could commence as soon as possible. That June, the Rapid Transit Commission granted a perpetual franchise for the bridge and belt line to the NYCR. The connecting railroad was

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Work on the belt line was about to begin by early 1902, and surveys for the proposed bridge's piers had been made by the end of the year. The PRR announced in February 1903 that it would build a double-tracked cantilever bridge, and it drew up a contract to order 30,500 short tons (27,200 long tons;

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By October 1900, grading of land for the bridge and its approach viaducts had commenced, and public hearings about the bridge were being hosted. Initially, the PRR did not intend to use the bridge, and the crossing was to connect with the trackage of the LIRR. After the PRR's acquisition of the LIRR

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power through the East River Tunnels to Penn Station, there was no third rail on the bridge. Overhead catenary poles are instead installed along the length of the Hell Gate Bridge. Power is supplied by substations along the Hell Gate Line. During the winter, the catenary wires could be defrosted by

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The Queens approach viaduct descends at a grade of no more than 0.72 percent and is carried over local streets. It ranges from 110 to 30 feet (33.5 to 9.1 m) above ground. The section west of 29th Street measures 2,868 feet (874 m) long and was originally known as the Long Island viaduct.

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bridge. The inverted bowstring truss span is 1,154 feet (352 m) long, as measured from the centers of the abutments on either side. The Little Hell Gate Bridge consists of four sections of nearly equal length, although two are slightly longer than the others. Each section is composed of linked

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In the first decade of the 21st century, the bridge carried around 41 passenger trains per weekday, as well as less frequent freight-train service. Debris still fell from the bridge's approach viaducts due to both vandalism and general neglect, and Vallone said in 2001 that the paint had started to

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just to travel west or south. Freight trains from the west also had to make several tight turns to reach the Hell Gate Bridge. New York state voters approved a bond issue in 1974, which provided $ 250 million for numerous upgrades to New York City's railroads. The upgrades included modifications to

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During World War I, when the federal government took control of railroad lines in the U.S., the New York Central began using the Hell Gate Bridge, allowing Long Island merchants to send products directly to the mainland via any railroad. The bridge was carrying only four passenger trains per day by

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The first train ran across the bridge at a dedication ceremony on March 9, 1917, on a track constructed for the occasion. The Hell Gate Bridge was not complete; workers were still laying tracks, and the line was not electrified. Intercity passenger trains began running on April 1 with the rerouting

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Native American ironworkers from Quebec and upstate New York. Work proceeded in two sections from either shore toward the middle of Hell Gate. The main span consisted of 23 panels, which were installed by the derricks atop the backstays. The panels were composed of steel pieces that weighed as much

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to the last remaining land lots in Queens in June 1911. By the end of the year, the designs for the Bronx Kill and Little Hell Gate spans were still being revised, and land condemnation for the bridge was nearly finished. Lindenthal estimated in late 1911 that the bridge would cost $ 18 million and

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would not approve several aspects of the franchise, prompting an unsuccessful proposal to remove the aldermen's ability to grant franchises. Among other things, the aldermen wanted trains on the bridge to use electric power exclusively, provide space for vehicles and pedestrians, and the city to be

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As completed, none of the bridge's four tracks had electrification. Although the passenger tracks were electrified by 1918, some steam locomotives continued to travel across the bridge through the 1920s. Freight trains had to switch between electric and steam-powered locomotives at Oak Point Yard.

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From the Bronx Kill north to 132nd Street, the four-track-wide viaduct consists of plate girders, which rest on concrete piers. Each pier is less than 50 feet (15 m) tall and has an arched opening at the base. The Hell Gate Pathway runs underneath the arches. The viaduct splits into two ramps

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A 350-foot (110 m) fixed truss bridge crosses the Bronx Kill strait. It consists of two truss sections that are each 175 feet (55 m) long. The span is supported by a central pier between the two trusses, as well as by "tower piers" at either end. The piers are clad with granite below the

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The bridge is supported by three piers, which are skewed because they follow the former course of Little Hell Gate. Each pier is composed of a reinforced concrete arch held up by two circular columns. The portion of each pier below the former strait's water level is made of granite. Because Little

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The viaduct ramps down as it continues north from Wards Island to Randalls Island. The original plans for the piers called for them to be made for steel lattices. The metal piers were changed to concrete both because the Municipal Art Commission disapproved of the steel-lattice design, and because

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sections, which are each between 86 and 93 feet (26 and 28 m) long. Each pier consists of a concrete arch measuring up to 120 feet (37 m) high and around 20 by 65 feet (6.1 by 19.8 m) across at its base. The arches are composed of two legs connected by an arched girder. North of the

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The bridge's paint continued to fade during the 2010s. Local residents also requested that Amtrak add more lighting to the bridge, which was illuminated at night by a small number of lights below the deck. By early 2016, several local politicians were advocating for Amtrak to repaint the bridge in

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The completion of the arch made the Hell Gate span the longest steel arch in the world. The hydraulic jacks were removed from the towers, and the backstays were disassembled and reused in the approach viaducts. Workers began driving 400,000 rivets into the arched span; Lindenthal claimed that they

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were used to construct the concrete piers under the Bronx Kill, Randalls Island, Little Hell Gate, and Wards Island spans. The foundations of the Bronx Kill span's piers were constructed using caissons, since the underlying layer of rock was nearly 100 feet (30 m) deep. The foundations of the

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for the main span's Wards Island tower, as the underlying layer of rock was over one hundred feet (30 m) deep and was covered by layers of sand, coarse gravel, and boulders. Twenty-one caissons were used to excavate the Wards Island tower's foundation. The caissons were larger and deeper than

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due to the shallowness of that strait. The contractor built a dock on Wards Island to load and unload material. Derricks carried solid materials from the dock to a conveyor belts, which in turn led to covered storage bins, while cement was poured down a chute to a cement house next to the storage

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in 1923, mandating the electrification of all railways in New York City, including the freight routes on the Hell Gate Bridge, by January 1, 1926. The freight tracks were still not electrified in late 1925, but the NH was allowed to continue using the bridge and was given until mid-1928 to fully

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The New Jersey car float was closed for an extended period during the 1970s, making the Hell Gate Bridge the only way for freight trains to get to and from Long Island during that time. One of the bridge's freight tracks was abandoned during that decade as well. The lack of rail crossings of the

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By July 1913, some of the piers and retaining walls for the Bronx and Queens viaducts had been constructed, and contractors had installed temporary plants on Randalls and Wards Islands. The next month, the PRR and NH announced that the NYCR would issue a $ 30 million mortgage and $ 11 million in

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at the springing points of the arch (at the bases of the towers on either side of Hell Gate). The arch's beams run along the north and south sides of a 60-foot-wide (18 m) deck. On either side of the deck is an upper chord, with an inverted U-shaped cross section, and a lower chord, with a

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main span, the deck reaches its maximum height, 145 feet (44 m) above mean high water, with a clearance below of 135 feet (41 m). The main span was intended to carry a total load of approximately 76,000 pounds per lineal foot, or 113,000 kilograms per lineal meter. The span uses high-

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to the west. The span across Hell Gate is oriented roughly from northwest to southeast, while the other two spans are oriented from northeast to southwest. The bridge was built with provisions for an upper level if the need arose. The entire bridge required 90,000 short tons (80,000 long tons;

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advocated for Amtrak to repair the viaducts, saying the conditions threatened local residents' lives. Amtrak started repairing the viaducts in 1978 but paused the repairs the next year. When the project resumed in 1980, workers added welded steel plates on the trackbeds to prevent objects from

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nearby was first proposed in 1920, Lindenthal suggested that the Hell Gate Bridge's main span could be retrofitted with an upper deck for vehicular and pedestrian use, a proposal that he repeated in 1924. Civic organizations across the city supported the extra deck, and the engineering firm of

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as its consulting structural engineer in 1904. To avoid hospitals on Wards Island, the viaduct needed to curve north immediately upon reaching Wards Island; this ruled out the original cantilever design, which required a straight "anchor span". Instead, Lindenthal first considered a continuous

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Fees were originally charged on freight trains that used the Hell Gate Bridge. For instance, in the 1910s, the New Haven Railroad charged a fee of three cents for every 100 pounds (45 kg) of cargo that was transported via the bridge, a fee that was raised to five cents after World War I.

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signed a bill in mid-1905, allowing the start of construction to be postponed by several months. That November, the NYCR asked the Rapid Transit Commission to renew its application for a franchise, citing delays from the Board of Aldermen. The negotiations over the franchise sometimes turned

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lines on Long Island. A state senator introduced a bill in February 1899 to incorporate the Wards Island Bridge Company to construct the bridge. The following month, the NYCR's directors held a meeting with New York Central's directors about the construction of the line. The New York Central

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subway line, between the Bronx and Brooklyn, was proposed in the 1990s and would have used the Hell Gate Bridge. The Triboro RX plan was scaled down after the MTA determined that it would not be feasible to operate rapid transit on the bridge when Penn Station Access was finished.

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of the same length. Construction of the bridge was to have begun in September 1900 and be completed in five years. Merchants from Brooklyn supported the bridge, saying it would reduce the cost of delivering goods to that borough. The bridge would also enable passenger trains from

731:. The cantilever span was to measure 1,448 feet (441 m) long, 30 feet (9.1 m) wide, and 136 feet (41 m) high; the project, including 7 miles (11 km) of approach tracks, was to cost $ 5.5 million. The cantilever design was selected because it was cheaper than a 1979:(MTA) initially dismissed the commuter-rail plan as infeasible. A plan to run some New Haven Line trains over the bridge was again proposed in the 1990s; the main obstacle to the plan was a lack of track space at Penn Station. The MTA studied the plan in 2000s as part of the 851:

of 1,000 feet (300 m), the longest of its kind in the world, and would carry two passenger tracks and two freight tracks. The remainder of the bridge would be a viaduct made of reinforced concrete and steel plate girders. The plans were drawn up by consulting engineer

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The height of the arch above Hell Gate required that the line be placed on an elevated viaduct between Long Island City and Port Morris. The viaduct is almost entirely composed of steel and concrete, except for small segments at either end, where the line is carried on an

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in 1900, the PRR began contemplating taking control of the Hell Gate Bridge. Ultimately, in 1901, the PRR and NH bought the NYCR. This was part of a larger plan to improve rail infrastructure in the New York City area, including a "belt line" for freight (now the

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the two pieces of the arch. To accommodate the backstays, the tops of the towers and some adjacent piers could not be completed until after the Hell Gate span was finished. After the backstays were constructed, movable derricks were installed atop the backstays.

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The main span is a spandrel arch across the Hell Gate strait, flanked by large stone towers on either bank of the strait. When the main span was completed, it was sometimes referred to specifically as the Hell Gate Bridge or as the East River Arch Bridge.

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because the underlying layer of rock descends sharply to the north. The north pier measures 55 feet (17 m) high and 54 feet (16 m) wide, with a large arched opening underneath. Originally, the Bronx Kill passed diagonally under the truss spans.

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The upper portions of each tower are hollow and contain staircases. Steel girders inside the towers support the tracks, but the towers are otherwise largely ornamental. The upper section of each tower contains archways on all four sides. There are also

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was hired in early 1912 to roll the steel plates for the bridge. Later that year, Patrick Ryan, the Manhattan Bridge's main contractor, received a $ 2 million contract to build the bridge's foundation, while John A. Gray received a contract to complete

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service between New York and Boston. The speed limit for passenger trains is 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) on the bridge itself and 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) on the approach viaducts. Past the bridge, the Hell Gate Line continues north to

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Work formally commenced on the Bronx and Queens approach viaducts in July 1912, and work on the foundations of the main span's towers began that September, though no above-ground work had commenced. By October 1912, workers were preparing to lower

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and New England to travel to New Jersey via the East River and North River tunnels. Freight traffic would still be required to use car floats, as trains would not be able to fit into the tunnels; the car-float operation would be shifted south to

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On the eastern side of the bridge is the New York Connecting Railroad's single-track line, which links New York City and Long Island to the North American mainland. The track forms part of the Fremont Secondary. It carries trains of the

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at the time. The caisson-sinking process was further complicated by the discovery of a diagonal fissure in the underlying rock. It ultimately took seven months to sink the caissons and ensure that the tower would not be susceptible to

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Northwest of the Hell Gate span, the viaduct curves about 90 degrees to the northeast, running along the east side of Wards and Randalls Islands. The viaduct above Wards Island is about 2,650 feet (810 m) long and consists of 30

8871:"Ask Reopening Of Freight Line Over Hell Gate: New York Central Tells Port Authority Restoration of Bridge Roule Would Save $ 400,000 a Year Could Cut Cost of Food Connecting Railroad's Toll So High Line Has to Use Slow Car Floats". 1057:

Steel girders and plates for the Little Hell Gate and Bronx Kill spans were being installed by late 1914. The girders under the two center tracks were installed first. Afterward, the center tracks were laid, and a derrick car and a

549:. There are also steel-and-concrete approach viaducts in the Bronx and Queens. In addition to the three existing tracks on the bridge, there was a fourth track used by freight trains until the 1970s. The passenger tracks have been 1983:

project, along with new stations on the Hell Gate Line in the Bronx. Amtrak and the MTA reached an agreement regarding track usage rights in 2019, and construction on Penn Station Access commenced in 2022, after the completion of

1215:

the bridge between eastern Long Island and New England; the ICC ultimately rejected a Long Island–New England passenger train as impractical, inconvenient, and of little benefit. In 1934, the NH put up its share of the bridge as

13631:, Volume 51, No. 14, October 2, 1915. Accessed July 7, 2016. "The whole length of the structure (arch and two approaches), from abutment on Long Island to abutment in the Bronx, is 17,000 feet, or considerably over three miles." 2282:

similarly predicted that freight rail would benefit most from the Hell Gate Bridge. When the bridge opened, business owners negotiated for space near LIRR yards in western Queens, owing to these yards' proximity to the bridge.

864:, which had leased the island from the city, although the hospital commission ultimately did allow engineers to survey the island. The Municipal Art Commission rejected the original bridge plans in July 1907 as "not artistic". 2121: 908:

By early 1910, the plans for the arch's piers were being revised, and surveyors were studying the route of the bridge and its approaches. The plans for the steelwork were revised the same year to accommodate a heavier type of

8020:"City Bridges Guarded by Naval Militia: Details Patrol the East River—machine Guns on Piers Water Supply System Watched Raids by Cranks Are Feared-secret Squads Protect Subway Naval Battalion Men on Guard on City's Bridges". 1408:

raising rental fees for the land under the bridge's approach viaducts in 2006, in some cases as much as 100,000 percent. After further lobbying from the younger Vallone, Amtrak agreed to repair parts of the approach in 2008.

1648:

there were concerns that the islands' prisoners and psychiatric patients could escape by climbing the trestles. In addition, when the plans for the piers were changed in 1914, metal had become more expensive than concrete.

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bins. Sand, stone, and cement from the bins were dumped into "charging cars" and carried to a mixing plant, where the material was mixed into concrete. Elevators were used to transport concrete to the top of each pier.

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received a contract for the steelwork on the Hell Gate span, Wards Island viaduct, and Queens approach viaduct, while the McClintic-Marshall Company was hired to manufacture steel for the other parts of the bridge. The

2122: 2389: 541:, measuring 1,154 feet (352 m), carries the railroad tracks across Little Hell Gate, a former stream between Randalls and Wards Islands. Further north is a 350-foot (110 m), two-span truss bridge across 15757:

Bourne, Frank A. (August 18, 1920). "Department of Architectural Engineering: the Architect a Necessary Factor in Bridge Building Co-operation Between Architect and Engineer Essential to Improved Bridge Design".

2244:

in its impact on trade. The bridge would also enable residents of towns along the New Haven railroad to commute to Penn Station, at a time when the railroad used Grand Central Terminal to access Manhattan. The

2086:

traction power system. Ultimately, the section of track over the Hell Gate Bridge was upgraded to 12.5 kV, 60 Hz electric traction. Just south of the bridge's Queens terminus, the Hell Gate Line transitions to

13161: 15734:"Railroads. Big Construction Work: in This Country and Canada Breaks Old Records. Quebec and Hell Gate Spans Marvels in Bridges. Magnolin and Lackawanna Cut-offs Surpass All Previous Elforts of Their Kind". 15060: 10924: 646:

considered various bills that would give the NYCR a franchise to construct a bridge from Long Island to the U.S. mainland, but to no avail. The NYCR planned for the bridge to carry a line from Manhattan to

1794:

bridges carry the line diagonally above intersections. The truss-bridge segments typically measure 120 to 166 feet (37 to 51 m) long and consist of heavy box-section columns that are made of built-up

860:. That June, the Rapid Transit Commission voted to amend the NYCR's franchise. The franchise allowed the NYCR to construct a viaduct across Wards Island, placing the railroad in possible conflict with the 474:. The bridge also includes several approach viaducts and two spans across smaller waterways. Including approaches, the bridge is 17,000 feet (5,200 m) long. It is one of the few rail connections from 14390: 16197: 536:

flanked by stone towers on either bank of Hell Gate. Northwest of the Hell Gate span, the viaduct is carried on plate-girder spans along the east side of Wards and Randalls Islands. A four-span inverted

13230: 12518: 618:(completed in 1910) allowed passenger trains to travel between Long Island and New Jersey, no railroad line yet existed between Long Island and New England. Passengers traveling along the modern-day 14550: 12830: 10509:"Bronx-Nassau Rail Link Asked For 6,000,000: Long Island Villages Urge State to Make Nine Roads Provide Direct Service Also Seek Upstate Outlet Say Roundabout Trips Now Cost Time and Boost Fare". 2078:. Freight trains used the same 11 kV, 25 Hz traction power system when the freight tracks were electrified. After Amtrak took over the Northeast Corridor in the 1970s, it announced plans to 778: 14619: 13921: 10075: 9702: 9550: 8499: 8292: 6840: 5741: 3372: 3236: 2861: 1487:

The Hell Gate Bridge was originally known as the New York Connecting Railroad Bridge or as the East River Bridge Division. It consists of five spans, which connect the New York City boroughs of

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asked six architects and artists to decide the color in which the bridge should be painted. The bridge was repainted a deep red hue known as Hell Gate Red. The paint consisted of two layers of

13215: 10361: 10136: 9588: 8673: 8353: 7399: 6702: 5839: 5196: 3910: 13995: 10174: 9896: 7360:"N.Y. Connecting Railroad Bond Issue Approved.: Public Service Board Permits Immediate Issue of $ 11,000,000 Bonds Under the $ 30,000,000 Mortgage Proceeds to Take Care of Short Term Notes". 6883: 5877: 4630: 3154: 11007: 10617: 9934: 9413: 9105: 8461: 8120: 8059: 6868:"Hell Gate Structure Now Being Built Will Be an Important Link in the System of the Connecting Railroad That Will Change the Relation of Manhattan Island to the Mainland for Commercial Ends" 11424: 10487: 9375: 6558: 6664: 6626: 5425: 4698: 13796: 11648: 6390: 2939: 1309:

on the bridge. By the late 1970s, debris was falling from the approach viaducts. Due to poor drainage, water had seeped through the viaducts, causing rocks to come loose. City councilman

14782: 10735: 6793: 1277: 11606: 2294:

wrote in 1955 that the Hell Gate Bridge had signified "the advent of steel arch construction" for railroad bridges. Its design influenced the designs of others around the world. The

2197:, described the Hell Gate Bridge as one of 35 structures in Queens that they believed were worth designating as official New York City landmarks. At the end of the 20th century, the 13323: 12315: 320: 13269: 12938: 12743: 2075: 15240:

Clardy, W J (March 17, 1923). "All-Electric Passenger Service for New Haven: Twelve New Electric Locomotives Will Eliminate Steam Passenger Locomotives on Electrified Section".

14712: 12876: 11768: 1265:

and to run commuter rail across the bridge. In addition, there had been concerns about the bridge's upkeep as early as 1967, when debris from the bridge fell to the ground near

1138: 1960:. The bridge has traditionally been used by long-distance trains. It has also hosted occasional commuter services, such as special Metro-North services from Connecticut to the 17500: 16762: 1091: 13416: 12617: 1531:

82,000 t) of steel and 460,000 cubic yards (350,000 m; 12,000,000 cu ft) of concrete. The decks of each span are all made of concrete panels, which carry

1090:

inch (7.9 mm). The extreme precision was attributed to the level of detail in the engineering drawings, as well as the use of highly precise surveying tools made by the

11484:

Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project in Kings, Queens, Richmond Counties, New York, and Hudson, Union, Middlesex, Essex Counties, New Jersey: Environmental Impact Statement

1810:

East of 44th Street, the viaduct ends, and the line descends onto an embankment. The passenger and freight tracks branch off in western Queens, past the end of the viaduct.

13338: 12648: 10750: 9090:"How Triborough Bridge Would Ease Traffic Jam; Proposed Span With Three Arms Needed to Relieve Pressure on Highways of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx and Queens, Engineers Say" 2394: 2330: 12087: 2193:

A 1972 almanac described the Hell Gate Bridge as one of 84 "notable modern bridges" across the world. Jeffrey Kroessler and Nina Rappaport, the authors of the 1990 book

1971:

In 1962, a regional transportation committee proposed running commuter rail trains from Connecticut to New York Penn Station via the Hell Gate Bridge, in advance of the

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to Long Island. Another track was abandoned in the 1970s and totally removed in the late 1990s. The speed limit for freight trains is 10 miles per hour (16 km/h).

1129:

In mid-1917, NYCR applied for permission to issue $ 1.5 million in bonds to finish the bridge. The bridge started carrying other routes in late 1917, such as the PRR's

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opened in 1931. Various proposals to modify the bridge in the 1920s were unsuccessful. The bridge was renovated in the 1990s following three decades of deterioration.

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allocated $ 55 million to renovate the bridge in late 1991, which included $ 42 million for repainting and $ 13 million for structural improvements. In exchange, the

16304: 2968: 15052: 14843: 13672: 13561: 13446: 13046: 12353: 12164: 12129: 12037: 11687: 11392: 11238: 10916: 10704: 10579: 10383: 10323: 9786: 9519: 9481: 9443: 9276: 9170: 8821: 8598: 8150: 7922: 7797: 7675: 7615: 7511: 7437: 7307: 7221: 7160: 7032: 6989: 6913: 6588: 6482: 6459: 6352: 6283: 6245: 6207: 6151: 6018: 5968: 5937: 5801: 5710: 5596: 5486: 5455: 5338: 5226: 5081: 4933: 4720: 4386: 4283: 4230: 4154: 4131: 4041: 3782: 3566: 3473: 3440: 3277: 3195: 3070: 2823: 12448: 11926: 11887: 11729: 10643: 9208: 8943: 8706: 8198: 7706: 7198: 5907: 5672: 5573: 4660: 4192: 4071: 4008: 3985: 3932: 2251:

wrote in 1908 that, "for the first time in the history of this city, an all-rail route through New York between New England and the South". After work had begun,

11848: 11530: 7077: 5634: 5300: 4773: 3869: 3100: 14374: 14349: 10548: 9858: 8231: 6520: 5361: 5009: 4872: 4592: 857: 15815: 14813: 12232: 10755: 10753: 9982:"New Haven to Use Car Floats to Keep Within Electric Law: Road to Comply. With Kaufman Act, Effective Jan. 1, by Sending Hell Gate's Freight Traffic by Water". 9610: 5532: 5050: 16223: 13238: 11964: 10188:"P. R. R. Criticizes Central's Stand On Hell Gate Span: Vice-President County Tells I. C. C. Improvements Would be Discouraged if Rivals Are Allowed Its Use". 6428: 6120: 4803: 14375:"Postings: Parks and Transportation Departments Debate Future of Former Link Between Randalls and Wards Islands; At City Agencies, Troubled Water Over Bridge" 12502: 7130: 1735:

In the Bronx, the Hell Gate Bridge has an approach viaduct measuring 4,356 feet (1,328 m) long and descends at a grade of up to 1.2 percent. The NH used

1403:. In 2002, state government officials announced plans to spend $ 11.8 million to replace the bridge's freight track so it could support heavier trains. After 1223:. The NH was allowed to take back its portion of the bridge even if the RFC foreclosed on the loan; the NH declared bankruptcy the next year, remaining under 12271: 8521: 4895: 2203:

wrote that, "Its name notwithstanding, Hell Gate Bridge over the East River in New York City is considered to be one of the world's most beautiful bridges."

884:. The first house in the bridge's right-of-way was relocated at the beginning of 1908. The Pennsylvania Railroad announced in December 1908 that, as soon as 16499:"Construction of the New York Connecting Railroad: Material Progress Is Being Made on the Ten-Mile Line Which Will Connect the Pennsylvania and New Haven". 15094: 13883: 12202: 12003: 9632:"Rail Freight Line On Hell Gate Bridge Is Held Unnecessary: Hearings Are Closed by Port Authority on Testimony New Haven Can Handle New York Central Cars". 9314: 14084: 10966: 4253: 3410: 2128: 590:. Trains traveling between any of these locations had to use barges, which traversed New York City's congested waterways. This spurred efforts to link the 505:

across Hell Gate was proposed in 1900, but the plan was changed to a through-arch bridge after repeated delays. Construction was overseen by the engineers

6051: 3032: 1838:'s Fremont Secondary line. The Northeast Corridor tracks comprise one of Long Island's few railroad connections to the continental U.S. The bridge uses a 16545:"Electrification of New York Connecting Railroad: Link Between the Pennsylvania and the New Haven Eliminates Eleven and Thirteen Mile Car Ferry Routes". 12814: 2270:

When the bridge was completed, various houses and other buildings were constructed underneath the bridge's approach viaduct, particularly in Queens. The

1545:

magazine estimated that, if humans were to disappear, the bridge could last for at least a millennium; most other bridges would fall in about 300 years.

15380:"2 Railroads Gain Extension of Time For Electrification: New Haven Gets Two Years for L. I. Changes; Pennsylvania Wins Yard Delay; Three Pleas Denied". 12556: 7574: 7460: 17530: 16755: 16675: 15632: 15471:

Sawyer, Kenneth T. (October 11, 1976). "DOT ready to get moving on $ 1.9-billion Corridor upgrading: Engineering How the $ 1.9 billion will be spent".

14608: 14178:"Bridge to Be Opened Soon at Hell Gate: It Completes a Continuous All Rail Route From Nova Scotia via New York to the South and West—has Four Tracks". 13905: 10059: 9686: 9534: 8483: 8276: 6824: 5725: 3356: 3220: 2845: 1526:

and the Bronx, as well as freight trains heading between Queens and the Bronx. The Hell Gate Bridge parallels the Hell Gate and Bronx Kill legs of the

16580: 13292: 11343: 10872: 9808: 8894: 7947: 4332: 4093: 15324: 13519:"Greatest Arch Bridge to Join East and West: Pennsylvania's Structure, Spanning Hell Gate, Nears Completion the Newest of New York's Great Bridges". 13207: 11162: 10345: 10120: 9572: 8657: 8625:"Few New Haven Trains Use Pennsylvania Station: Federal Control Has So Far Neglected Opportunity to Increase Usefulness of Huge Capital Investment". 8337: 7383: 6686: 5823: 5180: 3894: 777:

described the planned crossing as "an unusual bridge in point of engineering skill". The PRR requested a perpetual franchise for the bridge from the

16472:"Construction of the New York Connecting Railroad: Ten Mile Line Involving Large Bridges and Viaducts Will Connect the Pennsylvania and New Haven". 16064: 13979: 10158: 9880: 6867: 5861: 4614: 3138: 2430:, which goes through Manhattan first to get to the mainland. There is also a rail freight barge service between Brooklyn and New Jersey operated by 715:

The New York State Legislature passed a bill in April 1900, authorizing the NYCR to build a bridge from the Port Morris station in the Bronx to the

11408: 10991: 10601: 9918: 9397: 9089: 8445: 8383: 8104: 8043: 2539:

refers to this segment as running between "Lawrence Street and Stemler Street". These streets have respectively been renamed 29th and 44th streets.

1803:, which is enclosed by retaining walls. The retaining walls are made of slabs that are bolted together, while the fill came from the excavation of 975:

Excavations for the Astoria end of the main span, across Hell Gate, commenced in March 1911, and were nearly completed by the end of the year. The

50: 10471: 9359: 6542: 6648: 6610: 5409: 4682: 15887: 14423: 13780: 11632: 10276:"I. C. C. Aid Asks Joint Hell Gate Bridge Tariff: Would Open Pennsylvania and New Haven Structure to Inbound Traffic Over Competing Railroads". 6374: 2923: 1774:

The section from 29th to 44th Street measures 3,480 feet (1,060 m) long and was originally called the eastern viaduct. Reinforced concrete

690:

By the beginning of 1899, the NYCR had received estimates for a bridge connecting Port Morris in the Bronx, Randalls Island, Wards Islands, and

15301:"Court Enjoins Electrifying Roads in City: U. S. Judge Knox Stays Operation of Kaufman Act Temporarily on Railways' Plea of Impracticability". 14766: 13852: 10719: 10013:"Port Authority for Open Hell Gate Route: Cites Principles of Comprehensive Plan Which Demand Open Route—9 Miles Shorter Than Carfloat Route". 1387: 14996: 9724:"Roads Deadlock On Plan to Use Hell Gate Span: Time Allowed by Port Authority for Central and Pennsylvania to Agree Expires Without Results". 6777: 1739:

during the 20th century to assist freight trains traversing the approach viaduct's grade. The Bronx viaduct merges with the former four-track

17465: 16898: 16748: 1357:

View of the bridge's Queens approach, main span, Wards Island approach, and Little Hell Gate span as seen from Randalls Island, looking south

993:

to build the Hell Gate spans' towers), as well as Arthur McMullin and T. A. Gillespie. Harold W. Hudson was the chief construction engineer.

990: 16278: 11196:

Clark, William (October 21, 1966). "Chicago Bondholders, Will File Own Plan for New Haven Sale: Chicagoans Say Plan Would Sell Rail Short".

16771: 14936: 12299: 11590: 4094:"Pennsylvania Will Build Bridge Across Hell Gate; Engineer Says That $ 40,000,000 Will Be Spent to Make – a Connection with New Haven Road" 2676:

The total cost was about $ 110 million in 2023. Of this, $ 84 million was for repainting, and $ 26 million was for structural improvements.

2384: 14056: 13315: 13192: 10036:"Seek Opening Of Rail Lines Over Hell Gate: Shippers and Port Authority Would Have I. C. C. Grant Rights to All Roads to All-Rail Route". 17525: 17281: 14741: 14651: 14615: 13618: 2079: 1343: 1230:

During World War II, in 1940, officials disarmed a live bomb under the Hell Gate Bridge. The bridge's economic value made it a target of

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called the bridge and the NYCR line "one of the greatest improvements under way toward the industrial development of Queens", while the

17515: 17276: 14520: 10848:"Nazis Cached Explosives at Amagansett: Carried $ 150,000 for 2 Years of Destruction From N. Y. to Mid-West Planned to Blow Up N. Y.". 9246: 1246:

was equal to the theoretical cost of demolition. The PRR's own issues compelled it to merge with New York Central in 1968, forming the

14696: 11752: 17296: 6754:"Colonel Hudson Dies; Engineer Built Bridges: Triborough and Hell Gate Construction Chief Was Officer in World War Bridge Engineer". 595: 498: 13424: 13130: 12625: 11797:"Queens Closeup / Manhattan Closeup Amtrak: Hell Gate Not Falling Down 73-year-old Bridge is Rusted but Safe, Rail Officials Say". 2302:, New South Wales, Australia, was heavily influenced by the Hell Gate Bridge. The engineer in charge of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, 1321:

Vallone asked the federal government to fix the bridge after falling debris broke a car's window in 1988. Vallone and U.S. senator

13346: 12656: 10425:"Electric power in steam railroad service: Developments in electric rolling stock and lighting equipment discussed at Montreal". 2236:

reported that the bridge and line would shift New York City's freight rail traffic from Manhattan to Brooklyn, and PRR president

2088: 1579:

at the time of construction. In total, the main span required between 18,000 and 20,000 short tons (16,000 and 18,000 t) of

676: 17510: 13015: 1702:

mean water level and concrete above. Although the center and south piers are placed on solid rock, the north pier is placed on

1146:

wrote that the bridge would be able to accommodate 240 freight cars daily. The passenger tracks were also electrified by 1918.

707:

expressed interest in the planned Hell Gate Bridge, as the railroad intended to use it for both passenger and freight traffic.

16585:

New York Connecting Railroad, Hell Gate Bridge, Spanning East River, Wards Island & Astoria, New York, New York County, NY

12071: 2180:

said: "Perhaps never in human history has a mechanical triumph of such magnitude been launched with so little fanfare", while

2067:, without stopping. The freight route was de-electrified in 1969, and the overhead wire above the freight tracks was removed. 16664: 16644: 16623: 16602: 15505: 14973: 13372: 11271: 1976: 1783: 1768: 1421: 1075:

One thousand workers and 40 engineers began installing the steelwork of the arch in November 1914; many of the laborers were

13100: 11277: 10762:

Northeast Corridor Improvement Project, Electrification, New Haven to Boston [CT,MA]: Environmental Impact Statement

557:

1918, and the freight tracks also had electrification from 1927 to 1969. The Hell Gate Bridge's design inspired that of the

17490: 2427: 2184:

magazine described it as being "of interest in both the scientific world and in the world of transportation". A writer for

1968:

in 1991, all Amtrak trains traveling from New York Penn Station to upstate New York and New England had to use the bridge.

1325:

requested that Amtrak devise a plan for repairing the bridge, though Amtrak officials denied that there was deterioration.

885: 1988:

freed up space at Penn Station. As of 2023, New Haven Line trains were expected to begin running to Penn Station in 2028.

17520: 16943: 16097: 16031: 15998: 15972: 15946: 15920: 15357:"'New Haven' Gets Two Years More To Electrify Lines: Public Service Commission Grants Extension of New York City Order". 15148: 15140: 14835: 13656: 13553: 13038: 12337: 12156: 12113: 12029: 11671: 11384: 11230: 10688: 10563: 10375: 10307: 9881:"Harkness Rail Plan Opposed at Hearing; Counsel for Port Authority Says It Would Conflict With Hell Gate Freight Traffic" 9770: 9503: 9465: 9435: 9268: 9158: 9150: 8805: 8582: 8134: 7914: 7781: 7667: 7599: 7495: 7421: 7291: 7213: 7152: 7024: 6973: 6905: 6572: 6474: 6443: 6336: 6267: 6229: 6199: 6135: 6002: 5952: 5929: 5786: 5694: 5588: 5470: 5447: 5322: 5210: 5065: 4917: 4712: 4370: 4275: 4214: 4146: 4123: 4033: 3766: 3550: 3465: 3424: 3261: 3179: 3054: 2807: 2714: 1247: 12440: 11910: 11871: 11713: 10639: 10632: 9192: 8935: 8698: 8191: 7698: 7182: 5891: 5656: 5557: 4644: 4176: 4063: 4000: 3969: 3924: 2210:

magazine described Amtrak passengers' view from the bridge as the "spectacular reward for enduring the cramped chaos of

17480: 17427: 17423: 16831: 16135: 15027: 14341: 11832: 11522: 9360:"Tri-borough Bridge To Cost $ 24,625,000; Goldman Completes Plans, and Estimate Board Sets April 21 for Public Hearing" 8544:"Through Train for Boston Left St. Louis Last Night: First Time the Service Has Been Attempted Over Hell Gate Bridge". 7069: 5618: 5284: 4765: 3853: 3092: 1413: 1220: 1003: 861: 16390: 16330: 15782: 10540: 9846: 9838: 8223: 8081:"New Hell Gate Bridge Dedicated To Public Service: Pennsylvania and New Haven Systems Joined by Connecting Railroad". 6504: 5353: 4993: 4856: 4576: 1685:

had allowed the builders to construct the piers within the strait itself. Little Hell Gate was infilled in the 1960s.

17135: 16868: 16535: 14805: 12216: 10832: 10159:"Opposes Opening of Hell Gate Span; Pennsylvania Executive Says It Would Have Adverse Effect on Other Terminal Plans" 9602: 8277:"Open All-rail Line Boston to Capital; Federal Express Passes Over New Hell Gate Bridge This Morning in Initial Trip" 5508: 5034: 2722: 2055:

electrify the line. Electric freight service began in July 1927. As a result of electrification, freight trains from

2022: 1957: 1375: 1119: 522: 257: 15325:"Roads Obtain Stays on Electrification; Temporary Injunctions Given New York Central and New Haven in Federal Court" 11948: 6825:"Hell Gate Bridge Will Boom Realty; Demand for Factory Sites Adjacent to Approaches on Both Sides of the East River" 6412: 6104: 5156: 4795: 2306:, had surveyed the Hell Gate Bridge while trying to come up with designs for the Sydney crossing. The design of the 1378:

freight trains carrying stone from quarries in Connecticut began using the bridge in 1996 to reach Long Island. The

17412: 17105: 16968: 16441:"The Hell Gate Arch Bridge and Approaches of the New York Connecting Railroad Over the East River in New York City" 11105: 9919:"Commuter Terminal Plan is Agreed on; Harkness Says Commission Is Ready to Build Station for the Long Island Alone" 7122: 5248:"Wards Island Right of Way.: Connecting Railroad's Franchise Seems in Conflict With Lease for the State Hospital". 2083: 1867: 1302:

freight trains to use the Hell Gate Bridge, thereby reducing the need for cargo trucks to travel through the city.

716: 14279: 12255: 10472:"Refuses Joint Rate by Hell Gate Route; I.C.C. Decides Against Port Authority in Petition for Long Island Freight" 10121:"Port Heads Finish Bridge Testimony; Railroads to Begin Their Fight Today to Prevent Central Route Over Hell Gate" 8513: 8044:"Police May Relieve the National Guard; Special Service at Public Works Is Being Continued, However, by the State" 4887: 2846:"Day Long Throng Inspects New Tube; 35,000 Persons Were Carried on the First Day of Pennsylvania's Tunnel Service" 843:

approved the NYCR's franchise in February 1907. Rea submitted plans for the arch bridge in May 1907 to the city's

642:(NYCR), headed by Oliver W. Barnes, was incorporated in April 1892 to build the bridge. Throughout the 1890s, the 16851: 15586:"Hell Gate "Toll" Is Called Unreasonable: Discrimination found as "local" passengers are exempted from payment". 15086: 13875: 12186: 11987: 9298: 2778: 2493: 2259:

said the bridge would increase Long Island's population and economy by making Queens into an industrial hub. The

1682: 1386:(to the west) to access the bridge without having to make multiple tight turns. In addition, as part of the 1998 1262: 872: 840: 827: 812: 10950: 10448:"Long Island Shippers Lose: Port Authority's Plea for Hell Gate Bridge Routes Rejected by Commerce Commission". 4245: 3394: 2263:

also predicted in 1913 that the bridge's completion would increase real-estate values in western Queens and the

2190:

magazine said in 1920 that "there is something picturesque about the long viaduct leading to Hell Gate Bridge".

17076: 13749:"Dr. David B. Steinman Dies, Bridge Designer: Worked on Triborough, Mackinac, Thousand Islands and Hell Gate". 9809:"Ask Queens Station as Commuter Base; Harkness Suggests Terminal for Westchester Travelers in Long Island City" 6043: 3519:"East River Bridge Project Hearing: Chance for All Interested to Speak on Connecting Railroad Company's Plan". 3016: 2426:

Long Island's railways only have two direct connections to the mainland. The other link to the mainland is via

1610:

Hornbostel was responsible for the towers on either shore of Hell Gate, which were designed to resemble castle

1539:; this was intended to reduce noise pollution and is unusual for a railroad bridge. The February 2005 issue of 1195: 881: 122: 7260:"New York Connecting Railroad: Work on New Four-track Line to Begin This Summer-- Road to Cost $ 30,000,000". 6778:"Col. H. W. Hudson, Bridge Engineer; Chief in the Construction of Triborough and Hell Gate Spans – Dies at 67" 3221:"News of the Railroads; Franchises and Estimates Secured for a Bridge and Viaduct from Port Morris to Astoria" 17495: 17485: 13068:

Bertrand, Donald (March 24, 2006). "Rocks Just Miss Pol's Aide. Amtrak Ballast Stones Rain Onto Shore Blvd".

12540: 10346:"Urges Public Right in Hell Gate Bridge; Port Authority Files Brief With I.C.C., Opposing Report of Examiner" 10060:"Acts to Open Up Hell Gate Bridge; Port Authority Wants Tracks Put at Disposal of All Freight to Long Island" 9687:"Orders Bridge Open to N.Y. Central; Port Authority Tells New Haven and Pennsylvania to Share Hell Gate Span" 7566: 7452: 2431: 2165: 2034: 1972: 1656: 10720:"Hell Gate Bridge is Pledged for Loan; RFC Accepts New Haven's Interest in Span to Back $ 6,000,000 Advance" 10602:"New England Line Denied to Nassau; I.C.C. Dismisses Long Islanders' Plea for Through Passenger Train Route" 3650:"Pennsylvania to Enter City: Tunnels Under North and East Rivers and Manhattan Island to Long Island Road". 1206: 17391: 17024: 16252: 12844:

Woodberry, Warren Jr. (August 28, 2000). "Teen Vandals Hit Woodsid epelt Homes With Rocks From Rail Line".

9573:"Fights Reopening Hell Gate Route; Long Island Line Opposes Plan to Send the Central's Freight Over Bridge" 1835: 1522:

The Hell Gate Bridge is used exclusively as a railroad bridge, carrying passenger trains traveling between

1175:

Robinson and Steinman conducted a study, finding that it was feasible to add the deck. In late 1926, mayor

1023: 639: 482: 89: 43: 16364: 14362:

Tyne Bridge was designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson... in turn derived its design from the Hell Gate Bridge

14057:"Earth Without People: What would happen to our planet if the mighty hand of humanity simply disappeared?" 11154: 8895:"New Haven Barred Bridge to Central; Both Roads Used Hell Gate Route to Long Island Under Federal Control" 1390:, Congress allocated $ 15 million to repaint the bridge. By then, 34 Amtrak trains used the bridge daily. 17110: 17056: 17009: 16816: 16806: 16694: 16065:"Industrial Future Bright for Queens; Hell Gate Bridge Will Be Big Factor in Stimulating Business Growth" 1299: 14866:

An Assessment of the Transit Service Potential of Inactive Railroad Rights-of-way and Yards Final Report

12757:

Sheridan, Dick (June 28, 1998). "Target Traffic Snarls, Noise / Feds Ok 15b in Aid for State Projects".

8375: 5410:"Pushing Plans for Hell Gate Bridge; Pennsylvania and New Haven Officials Confer on the Connecting Line" 5181:"Expect Too Much of Utilities Board; Expert Says People Mustn't Look for Transit Improvement for Months" 3588:"Hell Gate Railroad Bridge: New-York Central Expected to Obtain Facilities in Long Island as a Result". 2047: 1251: 1184: 986: 773:. The bridge's 840-foot (260 m) central span would have been the world's longest cantilever span. 672: 643: 561:, and the bridge has received commentary both for its design and its impact on Long Island's commerce. 451: 15181: 1697:

The Hell Gate Bridge's Bronx Kill span. The Bronx Kill is seen running to the left of the span itself.

1693: 17051: 17019: 16963: 16958: 16796: 14415: 9535:"Hell Gate Bridge Asked in Port Plan; Long Island Shippers Want Route Opened to the New York Central" 4298:"To Begin Work at Once: Statement by Mr. Rea Plans for Hell Gate Link Before Commission—the Rental". 2372: 2303: 1383: 695: 587: 13844: 1416:, in conjunction with Amtrak, celebrated the centennial of the bridge's opening in 2017. As part of 1261:

During the 1960s and early 1970s, there were suggestions to transfer ownership of the bridge to the

694:

in Long Island. The 800-foot-long (240 m), 150-foot-high (46 m) bridge was to connect the

17475: 17357: 17115: 16933: 16858: 16841: 15860:

McGonigal, Robert S. (May 2007). "The New York Connecting Railroad: Long Island's Other Railroad".

15087:"Dispute between MTA, Amtrak could delay Penn Access megaproject bringing Metro-North to west side" 15004: 13876:"Dispute between MTA, Amtrak could delay Penn Access megaproject bringing Metro-North to west side" 10211:"Asks Railroads to Share Bridge: Port Authority Would Route New York Central Over Hell Gate Span". 5509:"P. R. R.'s Bridge Plans: Three Mile Structure Will Join Long Island to Port Morris Over Hell Gate" 4333:"Block Effort for Ninth Street Route; Rapid Transit Commission Holds Up New York and Jersey's Plan" 2314:, England, was derived from the Sydney Harbour Bridge and, by extension, the Hell Gate Bridge. The 2275: 2018: 1527: 1350:

for 20 percent of the federal allocation. At the time, 20 Amtrak trains used the bridge every day.

1163: 787: 253: 4683:"Ask Governor to Save Powers of Aldermen; Lawyers for Board and Citizens Denounce Franchise Shift" 1027:

bridge's construction overrode the law that restricted railroads above the grounds of a hospital.

17470: 17286: 17221: 17216: 17196: 16938: 13408: 13403: 10760: 9959:"Kaufman Act to Be Obeyed: New Haven Road Says It Will Float Freight Pend- Ing Electrification". 4124:"Plans Complete for the Great Ten-Million-Dollar Bridge and Viaduct to be Built Across Hell Gate" 2351: 2199: 1871: 1724: 1322: 1114: 1008: 976: 750: 683:

any bridge across the East River (of which the Hell Gate was part) be 150 feet (46 m) above

550: 371: 361: 315: 12678:

Hartley, Scott A. (April 2016). "The key to Providence & Worcester's success: Reinvention".

4615:"End Aldermen's Hold on Franchise Rights; Senate Passes Bill Giving Board of Estimate New Power" 17226: 16999: 16716: 16440: 15423: 13184: 12906:

Bertrand, Donald; Blood, Michael (March 22, 2001). "Claim Hell Gate Paint's Shot to, Well...".

10824: 2186: 2064: 1937: 1892: 1831: 1339: 1015: 981: 703: 627: 234: 16592: 16427: 14913:

Middleton, William D; Wolinsky, Julian (November 1998). "The regional/commuter rail outlook".

14734: 14645: 13615: 13473: 3357:"Bridge Over Hell Gate; The Bill Accepted – To Connect New York Central and Long Island Roads" 2962: 1874:

by overhead wire, and the freight tracks were electrified until 1969. Amtrak owns the bridge.

1067:. Consequently, massive temporary backstays were built behind both of the Hell Gate towers to 1035:

The construction of piers on Randalls and Wards Islands and in Queens began in February 1913.

598:(New Haven; NH), which operated to New England. At the time, the NH had a freight terminal in 17241: 17236: 17201: 17140: 16883: 16821: 16569: 16504: 16477: 16173: 15865: 15763: 15739: 15716: 15693: 15670: 15614: 15591: 15565: 15476: 15447: 15393: 15370: 15314: 15283: 15245: 15207: 15129: 14918: 14678: 14450: 14191: 14118: 14037: 13823: 13762: 13731: 13532: 13081: 12988: 12919: 12857: 12796: 12770: 12708: 12483: 12419: 12388: 11810: 11568: 11511: 11482: 11459: 11332: 11209: 11095: 11072: 11047: 10861: 10797: 10678: 10522: 10461: 10430: 10289: 10258: 10224: 10201: 10110: 10049: 10026: 9995: 9972: 9752: 9737: 9676: 9645: 9349: 9140: 9035: 9004: 8973: 8884: 8787: 8764: 8733: 8638: 8564: 8549: 8410: 8368: 8338:"Open Hell Gate Bridge; Federal Express of the New Haven Road First Train Over the Structure" 8327: 8266: 8170: 8094: 8033: 7990: 7896: 7862: 7831: 7738: 7373: 7342: 7273: 7112: 6767: 6736: 6178: 6086: 5824:"Proposed Bridge Will Have Arch 1,000 Feet Long 220 Feet High Fifth Structure Spanning River" 5776: 5524: 5399: 5261: 5137: 5109: 4983: 4838: 4755: 4482: 4414: 4311: 3959: 3832: 3704: 3678: 3663: 3632: 3601: 3532: 3346: 3315: 3128: 3006: 2901: 2295: 2211: 1953: 1523: 1362: 998: 699: 591: 558: 490: 17385: 14554: 14512: 12406:

Queen, Joseph W. (December 8, 1991). "Queen's Queens Feds Come Through to Save a Treasure".

10816: 9230: 7849:"Hell Gate Bridge: President Rea Congratulates the Engineer on the Completion of the Span". 6200:"Greatest of All Railroad Bridges at Hell Gate a Link in New England-Western Railroad Route" 1664:

Between the Randalls and Wards Islands viaducts is the Little Hell Gate Bridge, an inverted

655:

proposed legislation to allow the NYCR to erect a bridge with two or more tracks across the

17338: 17291: 16978: 16928: 16903: 4825:"Mayor a Bit Peppery: "the Grip," Says Orr Lively Tilt Over Terms to Connecting Railroad". 4742:"Again Asks Franchise: Connecting Railway Renews Application to Rapid Transit Commission". 2888:"Bridge Over Hell Gate Is 1,017 Feet in Length: Span Used by Railroads Cost $ 12,000,000". 2337:, which depicted the main span. The main span was depicted in movies such as the 1973 film 2231: 1941: 1779: 1425: 1400: 1334: 1216: 1131: 905:

bridges), as well as the first built by a private company rather than the city government.

308: 14880: 8751:"Freight by Hellgate Bridge: Route Will Be Opened Today to Speed Traffic to New England". 3819:"Local P. R. R. Improvements: Control of New Hell Gate Bridge One of the Plans Proposed". 931: 918:

be completed in 1914. The Municipal Art Commission ultimately approved the revised plans.

8: 17251: 17231: 17186: 17181: 17145: 17071: 16983: 16973: 16953: 16908: 16863: 16836: 14061: 13627: 8484:"More Hell Gate Trains; The Colonial Express and Bar Harbor Trains to Run Over New Route" 6687:"Sues for Bridge Profits; Patrick Ryan Says Company, as Partner, Kept $ 375,000 from Him" 6543:"Awarded Hell Gate Work; Transportation of Bridge Material a Big Problem for Carnegie Co" 2604:

The mortgage would be about $ 681 million, while the bonds would be $ 681 million in 2023

2315: 2311: 2056: 1980: 1961: 1949: 1787: 1541: 1417: 1231: 898: 811:

wrote that the arch design would allow the bridge to serve as a figurative portal to the

770: 742: 611: 455: 163: 13122: 12983:

Halbfinger, Caren (October 28, 2002). "Hudson Line on track for bigger freight trains".

8446:"Connecting Co. Bond Issue; Application Made for $ 1,500,000 to Finish Hell Gate Bridge" 6073:"Big Steel Orders Pending.: Pennsylvania Soon to Close Contracts for Hell Gate Bridge". 5862:"To Preserve Bronx River; Board of Trade Takes Steps to Secure Map for Proposed Parkway" 1727:

with retaining walls. The steel viaduct is carried on approximately 150 concrete piers.

17301: 17206: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17066: 16948: 16878: 16826: 16740: 16224:"State, local officials announce $ 132 million for repairs to three Pittsburgh bridges" 14078: 11319:

Wood, Francis; Dorman, Michael (May 2, 1962). "Set Rapid Transit Test on 1 LIRR Line".

8658:"New Bridges Busy; They Speed City Traffic and Add to the Beauty of Surrounding Waters" 3740: 3139:"East River Bridge Bill; Introduced in the House by Representative Ketchum of New York" 2526:

gives a slightly different measurement of 22 spans, measuring 80 feet (24 m) long.

2159: 2014: 1931: 1827: 1778:

carry the line over several streets in Astoria. The approach viaduct crosses above the

1740: 1678: 1627: 1619: 1587: 720: 619: 615: 599: 533: 447: 439: 85: 15053:"4 New Metro-North Stations Break Ground in NYC. Here's When They'll Take You to Penn" 14969: 13447:"4 New Metro-North Stations Break Ground in NYC. Here's When They'll Take You to Penn" 1763: 17130: 17061: 16923: 16893: 16873: 16698: 16660: 16640: 16619: 16598: 16531: 16460: 16398: 16338: 16143: 16072: 16039: 16006: 15980: 15895: 15823: 15790: 15708: 15640: 15530: 15501: 15385: 15362: 15332: 15306: 15215: 15152: 15121: 14944: 14888: 14774: 14704: 14382: 14183: 13987: 13913: 13815: 13788: 13754: 13664: 13524: 13480: 13073: 12911: 12849: 12822: 12762: 12735: 12685: 12548: 12510: 12475: 12411: 12380: 12345: 12307: 12263: 12224: 12194: 12121: 12079: 11995: 11956: 11918: 11879: 11840: 11802: 11760: 11721: 11679: 11640: 11598: 11560: 11503: 11451: 11416: 11351: 11324: 11267: 11201: 11113: 11087: 11039: 10999: 10958: 10880: 10853: 10828: 10817: 10789: 10727: 10696: 10670: 10609: 10571: 10514: 10479: 10453: 10353: 10315: 10281: 10250: 10216: 10193: 10166: 10128: 10102: 10067: 10041: 10018: 9987: 9964: 9926: 9888: 9850: 9816: 9778: 9729: 9694: 9668: 9637: 9580: 9542: 9511: 9473: 9405: 9367: 9341: 9306: 9238: 9200: 9162: 9132: 9097: 9027: 8996: 8902: 8876: 8813: 8779: 8756: 8665: 8630: 8590: 8491: 8453: 8345: 8319: 8284: 8258: 8142: 8112: 8086: 8051: 8025: 7955: 7888: 7854: 7789: 7607: 7503: 7429: 7391: 7365: 7334: 7299: 7265: 7190: 7104: 6981: 6875: 6832: 6785: 6759: 6694: 6656: 6618: 6580: 6550: 6512: 6451: 6420: 6382: 6344: 6275: 6237: 6143: 6112: 6078: 6010: 5960: 5899: 5869: 5831: 5793: 5768: 5733: 5726:"Hell Gate Bridge Plans; Engineers Will Try Again to Please Municipal Art Commission" 5702: 5664: 5626: 5565: 5516: 5478: 5417: 5391: 5330: 5292: 5253: 5218: 5188: 5101: 5073: 5042: 5001: 4975: 4925: 4864: 4830: 4747: 4690: 4652: 4622: 4584: 4406: 4378: 4340: 4303: 4222: 4184: 4101: 3977: 3902: 3861: 3824: 3774: 3699:"$ 20,000,000 N. Y. Bridge: Work Begins on Foundations for Big Hell Gate Structure". 3655: 3624: 3593: 3558: 3524: 3432: 3402: 3364: 3338: 3307: 3269: 3228: 3187: 3146: 3120: 3062: 3024: 2998: 2931: 2893: 2853: 2815: 2718: 2237: 2071: 1965: 1775: 1736: 1512: 1504: 1404: 1310: 1171: 902: 853: 799: 758: 732: 728: 514: 506: 502: 349: 215: 13007: 5763:"To Push New York Connecting Road: Will Join New Haven System to the Pennsylvania". 3619:"To Connect L. I. And N. Y. C.: Bill for a Bridge Over Hell Gate Before the Mayor". 3333:"To Connect L. I. And N. Y. C.: Bill for a Bridge Over Hell Gate Before the Mayor". 1553: 1382:

near the bridge's Bronx end was completed in 1998, allowing freight trains from the

687:, the bill permitted a bridge as low as 140 feet (43 m) above mean high water. 17191: 17125: 16888: 16690: 16452: 13695: 10873:"Invaders Confess; Had TNT to Blast Key Factories, Railroads and City Water System" 7384:"Connecting R.R. Bonds; $ 11,000,000 4 1–2 Per Cent. Issue Quickly Taken at 94 1–2" 2247: 2176: 2139: 1999:

proposed running a subway line between Manhattan and the Bronx via the bridge. The

1985: 1665: 1516: 1500: 1188: 989:

for the bridge. Masonry contracts were awarded to Patrick Ryan (who partnered with

914: 894: 832: 762: 737: 724: 660: 538: 518: 486: 339: 103: 14868:. New York City Department of City Planning. October 1991. pp. 104, 128, 130. 2390:

List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York

1338:

issued several warnings to pedestrians and drivers about the bridge's safety. The

17246: 16846: 16811: 16654: 16634: 16613: 15720: 15524: 15495: 15397: 15318: 14735:"Going the Distance: Transportation Mobility in the New York Metropolitan Region" 13766: 13622: 12680: 11261: 11099: 11051: 10865: 10526: 10293: 10205: 10114: 10053: 9999: 9741: 9680: 9649: 9353: 9144: 9039: 8888: 8105:"Hell Gate Route Tested; Through Service Soon from New England to West and South" 6771: 5096:"Plans to Span Hell Gate.: Rea Submits Design for World's Longest Steel Bridge". 3895:"New York and Connecting Road; Announcement that Work Upon Is to be Started Soon" 3302:"Pennsylvania Gets L. I.: Control of the Insular Line Passes to a Great System". 3115:"New East River Bridge Proposed: a Bill Introduced in the House by Mr. Ketchan". 2905: 2060: 2030: 890: 691: 684: 680: 652: 443: 303: 16573: 16508: 16481: 16177: 15869: 15816:"Postings: 'Historic Preservation in Queens'; Nominees for Landmark Designation" 15767: 15743: 15697: 15674: 15618: 15595: 15569: 15480: 15374: 15287: 15249: 15133: 14922: 14682: 14454: 14195: 14041: 13827: 13735: 13536: 13085: 12992: 12923: 12861: 12800: 12774: 12712: 12487: 12423: 12392: 11814: 11633:"State Rail Bond Issue Is Expected to First Help Commuter and Intercity Service" 11572: 11515: 11463: 11336: 11213: 11076: 10992:"I.C.C. Orders Inquiry on 90c Extra Fare On Certain Trips Over Hell Gate Bridge" 10801: 10682: 10465: 10434: 10262: 10228: 10030: 9976: 9756: 9008: 8977: 8791: 8768: 8737: 8642: 8568: 8553: 8414: 8331: 8270: 8174: 8098: 8037: 7994: 7900: 7866: 7835: 7742: 7377: 7346: 7277: 7116: 6740: 6182: 6090: 5780: 5528: 5403: 5265: 5141: 5113: 4987: 4842: 4759: 4486: 4418: 4315: 3963: 3836: 3708: 3682: 3667: 3636: 3605: 3536: 3350: 3319: 3132: 3010: 2474: 2375:'s annual Christmas train show also includes a replica of the Hell Gate Bridge. 17436: 17211: 17014: 17004: 16918: 16801: 14410: 14408: 13185:"Queens officials call for a paint job of Astoria's Hell Gate Bridge – QNS.com" 11446:

Moss, Michael (July 17, 1991). "City: Hell Gate Bridge Is One Heck of a Mess".

4401:"Big Franchise Granted: Route is to Connect Pennsylvania and New-Haven Roads". 2993:"Ward's Island Bridge Scheme: Reappearance of a Well-known Measure at Albany". 2479: 2360: 2026: 1996: 1945: 1920: 1861: 1819: 1804: 1744: 1711: 1703: 1429: 1379: 1347: 1294: 1158: 1123: 823: 819: 526: 295: 17314: 12503:"About New York; When Made Over, Hell Gate Bridge Won't Clash With East River" 8936:"Port Authorities' Meeting Revives Hope Boro Will Get Adequate Transfer Lines" 5386:"Bridge Over Hell Gate: New Haven and P. R. R. Officials Discuss Connection". 1361:

Workers began renovating the bridge in April 1992; at Moynihan's request, the

1022:

the contractors from erecting abutments on Wards Island. The operators of the

17459: 16913: 16775: 16702: 16557: 16519: 16492: 16464: 16402: 16342: 16147: 16076: 16043: 16010: 15984: 15899: 15827: 15794: 15712: 15644: 15534: 15389: 15366: 15336: 15310: 15219: 15156: 15125: 14948: 14892: 14778: 14708: 14386: 14187: 13991: 13980:"New East River Bridge; Work Progressing Rapidly on Structure Over Hell Gate" 13917: 13819: 13792: 13758: 13668: 13528: 13484: 13231:"Astoria's Hell Gate Bridge Should Be Repainted for 100th Birthday, Pols Say" 13077: 12915: 12853: 12826: 12766: 12739: 12689: 12552: 12514: 12479: 12415: 12384: 12349: 12311: 12267: 12228: 12198: 12125: 12083: 11999: 11960: 11922: 11883: 11844: 11806: 11764: 11725: 11683: 11644: 11602: 11564: 11507: 11498:

Burks, Edward C. (November 5, 1976). "Rail-Car Floating: a Chancy Business".

11455: 11420: 11355: 11328: 11205: 11117: 11091: 11043: 11003: 10962: 10884: 10857: 10793: 10731: 10700: 10674: 10613: 10575: 10518: 10483: 10457: 10357: 10319: 10285: 10254: 10220: 10197: 10170: 10132: 10106: 10071: 10045: 10022: 9991: 9968: 9930: 9892: 9854: 9820: 9782: 9733: 9698: 9672: 9641: 9584: 9546: 9515: 9477: 9409: 9371: 9345: 9310: 9242: 9204: 9166: 9136: 9101: 9031: 9000: 8906: 8880: 8817: 8783: 8760: 8669: 8634: 8594: 8495: 8457: 8349: 8323: 8288: 8262: 8146: 8116: 8090: 8055: 8029: 7959: 7892: 7858: 7793: 7611: 7507: 7433: 7395: 7369: 7338: 7303: 7269: 7194: 7108: 6985: 6879: 6836: 6789: 6763: 6698: 6660: 6622: 6584: 6554: 6516: 6455: 6424: 6386: 6348: 6279: 6241: 6147: 6116: 6082: 6014: 5964: 5903: 5873: 5835: 5797: 5772: 5737: 5706: 5668: 5630: 5569: 5520: 5482: 5421: 5395: 5334: 5296: 5257: 5222: 5192: 5105: 5077: 5046: 5005: 4979: 4929: 4868: 4834: 4751: 4694: 4656: 4626: 4588: 4410: 4382: 4344: 4307: 4226: 4188: 4105: 3981: 3906: 3865: 3828: 3778: 3659: 3628: 3597: 3562: 3528: 3436: 3406: 3368: 3342: 3311: 3273: 3232: 3191: 3150: 3124: 3066: 3028: 3002: 2935: 2897: 2857: 2819: 2171: 1992: 1925: 1622:-like openings flanking the tracks. The tops of the towers are surrounded by 1508: 1366: 1243: 1076: 808: 510: 431: 323: 65: 52: 16727: 14405: 1799:. Along the remainder of the eastern viaduct, the tracks run atop compacted 574:

At the end of the 19th century, there was no direct rail connection between

32: 16456: 12703:

Greenstein, Joe (July 1999). "New York City studies rail freight options".

7883:"Ends of Hell Gate Bridge Joined: Big Steel Arch is Longest in the World". 6649:"New Bridge Work Let; Ready to Make Test Borings for East River Structures" 6611:"Hell Gate Viaduct; $ 2,000,000 Contract Awarded for New East River Bridge" 2368: 2345: 2326: 2241: 2070:

The passenger tracks were originally electrified using a 11 kV, 25 Hz

1906: 1791: 1640: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1314: 1290: 1282: 1266: 1176: 1059: 951: 804: 746: 172: 13285:"Amtrak Hikes Rents For Backyard Spaces From $ 25 to $ 25K, Residents Say" 12815:"Neighborhood Report: Astoria; A Bridge Meant for Trains, Not Bombardment" 2513:

gives a slightly different measurement of 87 to 90 feet (27 to 27 m).

17394: 14551:

New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications

6375:"New East River Bridge; To Connect Long Island and New England Railroads" 2307: 2264: 2174:" due to its length. After the main arch was completed, a writer for the 2051: 1839: 1800: 1370: 1330: 1239: 1224: 583: 575: 494: 475: 267: 16584: 15449:

Congressional Symposium, Railroads—1977 and Beyond—Problems and Promises

2222: 1507:

was the chief engineer for the bridge; he was assisted by the engineers

17321: 16721: 14271: 13208:"Politicians, Local Leaders Call on Amtrak to Repaint Hell Gate Bridge" 2319: 2095: 2000: 1068: 1019: 848: 782: 656: 607: 579: 542: 467: 107: 15633:"Would End Bridge Toll; ICC Examiner Reports on Fee on Hell Gate Span" 15208:"Mystery Freight Train Out of Queens? It May Soon Be a Familiar Sight" 8728:"Freight Hauls: Shortened by Use of Hell Gate Bridge to New England". 7948:"New Hell Gate Bridge; To be Opened to Traffic Early in January, 1917" 2770: 2278:, would reduce shipping times to and from Brooklyn by a full day. The 1293:, to the west, also meant that freight trains from Long Island had to 15028:"MTA to build new Metro-North stations linking Bronx to Penn Station" 11297: 11295: 2960: 2274:

predicted that the completion of the bridge, along with the proposed

1532: 1496: 1488: 1180:

entirely new bridge in March 1927, and that span would open in 1936.

1064: 1041: 910: 880:

During the late 1900s, the NH and PRR acquired land for the bridge's

668: 664: 623: 603: 546: 459: 126: 99: 17365: 13339:"Amtrak Drops Massive Rent Hikes on Backyards of Astoria Homeowners" 11034:"90-Cent Hell Gate Bridge Toll, In Effect 31 Years, Faces Inquiry". 16136:"N. Y. Connecting R. R. Important Factor in Freight Transportation" 15688:"Figures of the Week: ICC Advised to End Hell Gate Bridge Charge". 14740:. Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee. October 2009. p. 20. 8991:"Urge Greater Use of Hell Gate Bridge to Connect N. E. With West". 2367:, a 28-foot-long (8.5 m) model of the main span by the artist 1329:

described the bridge in 1991 as "a flaking and crumbling symbol of

648: 16503:. Vol. 59, no. 10. September 3, 1915. pp. 421–425. 16476:. Vol. 57, no. 20. November 13, 1914. pp. 888–892. 12791:

Varner, Bill (October 11, 1999). "A step closer to Penn Station".

11292: 11177: 7830:. Vol. 59, no. 19. November 5, 1915. pp. 865, 867. 16556:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

16518:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

16491:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

13781:"Henry Hornbostel, 94, Is Dead; Designer of the Hell Gate Bridge" 11555:

Morris, Tom (October 18, 1978). "Rail Freight Revival for City".

11067:"Hell Gate Arbitraries Upheld by Commission: Rates & Fares". 10819:

Insidious Foes: The Axis Fifth Column and the American Home Front

4530: 4528: 4526: 2339: 1623: 1536: 1255: 1036: 521:. The bridge was dedicated on March 9, 1917, and was the world's 15888:"Hell Gate Bridge, a Good Place to Hide From Zombies, Turns 100" 15278:"New York Law Calls for Electrification Throughout N. Y. City". 14767:"Travel Advisory; Grand Central Trains Rerouted To Penn Station" 4034:"Immense Railway Plan Behind Franchise for a Few Miles of Track" 2924:"Hell Gate Bridge, a Good Place to Hide From Zombies, Turns 100" 194:

17,000 ft (3.2 mi; 5.2 km) (including approaches)

17271: 16172:. Vol. 141, no. 13. September 24, 1956. p. 270. 13316:"Amtrak Reverses Course on Rent Increase for Astoria Residents" 12939:"Pols & Locals: Issues Continue To Plague Hell Gate Bridge" 2299: 2230:

When the Hell Gate Bridge and the NYCR line were proposed, the

1823: 1796: 1670: 1599: 1492: 1305: 594:(PRR), which operated to New Jersey and other states, with the 471: 463: 435: 137: 118: 16549:. Vol. 64, no. 23. June 7, 1918. pp. 1367–1370. 16528:

The Beauty of Railroad Bridges in North America – Then and Now

16434:. Vol. 19. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation. 1928. 15590:. Vol. 119, no. 19. November 10, 1945. p. 762. 7989:. Vol. 61, no. 26. December 29, 1916. p. 1165. 4547: 4545: 4543: 4523: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 1790:

were used at two locations where a flatter arch was required.

831:

allowed to add utility wires to the bridge. New York Governor

17390: 16253:"Hell Gate Bridge's Centennial Has Strong Astoria Connection" 15692:. Vol. 137, no. 21. November 22, 1954. p. 11. 14929: 14689: 14449:. Vol. 115, no. 17. October 23, 1943. p. 655. 14032:"Recent Tendencies in Concrete Ballasted Deck Construction". 12807: 10665:"RFC Gets Hell Gate Bridge as Collateral on New Haven Loan". 6177:. Vol. 51, no. 19. November 10, 1911. p. 956. 1591: 1399:

peel off. Security on the bridge was increased following the

867: 822:

for the bridge's foundation in Astoria. Work on the bridge's

478:, of which Queens is part, to the rest of the United States. 12640: 12300:"Long Unlucky, Rail Bridge Hits $ 55 Million Repair Jackpot" 5158:

Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels and terminals in New York City

5132:"Proposed East River Bridge; New York Connecting Railroad". 5066:"New York Connecting Railroad Bridge to Be Longest in World" 3677:. Vol. XCVI, no. 2. January 12, 1907. p. 22. 2395:

Rail freight transportation in New York City and Long Island

2363:. In addition, the bridge has inspired works of art such as 1995:

as well. In 1950 and again in 1954, Bronx borough president

1424:(MTA) began upgrading the Hell Gate Line to accommodate the 434:, New York, United States. The bridge carries two tracks of 16676:"Bayonne Bridge: The Work of Othmar Ammann, Master Builder" 16564:

Greenstein, Joe (June 2004). "In the shadow of Hell Gate".

16451:(1). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): 852–1004. 16426: 15564:. Vol. 113, no. 7. August 15, 1942. p. 276. 15519: 15517: 15410: 15265: 10407: 10245:"New Effort to Open Hell Gate Bridge To All Rail Traffic". 4540: 3958:. Vol. 27, no. 4. January 27, 1903. p. 168. 3735: 3733: 3488: 1975:. The proposal was again studied in 1969 and 1973, but the 1767:

The arch carrying the Hell Gate approach viaduct above the

1611: 16689:(6). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): 635–643. 15613:. Vol. 119, no. 19. April 7, 1945. p. 641. 14937:"Watching as the Trains Pass, Then Having to Take the Bus" 13730:. Vol. 242, no. 11. March 15, 1999. p. 28. 12375:

Queen, Joseph W. (July 30, 1991). "Heads Up! Bad Bridge".

11591:"20 Years in the Making, Rail Freight Link Opens in Bronx" 9751:. Vol. 78, no. 15. March 14, 1925. p. 763. 8169:. Vol. 62, no. 11. March 16, 1917. p. 453. 6573:"Slight Lull in Steel Market but Producers Are Optimistic" 6003:"Pennsylvania-New Haven Link and Its Traffic Significance" 2322:, Pennsylvania, was also modeled on the Hell Gate Bridge. 818:

In early 1905, the PRR sent engineers and workers to make

15282:. Vol. 74, no. 27. June 9, 1923. p. 1364. 15175: 15173: 14997:"Metro-North riders will finally get Penn Station access" 14647:

Moody's Manual of Investments and Security Rating Service

14336: 14334: 14110: 14036:. Vol. 58, no. 14. April 2, 1915. p. 728. 8972:. Vol. 62, no. 14. April 6, 1917. p. 727. 8563:. Vol. 64, no. 1. January 4, 1918. p. 91. 8405:

Jablow, Valerie (October 1999). "Othmar Ammann's Glory".

1369:, a urethane layer, and a clear layer to protect against 1281:

The main span as seen from immediately beside it, within

249: 17371: 16770: 15947:"Extensive Local Terminal Plans of Long Island Railroad" 15669:. Vol. 120, no. 18. May 4, 1946. p. 940. 15514: 14697:"Amtrak's Wariness Imperils Grand Central-L.I.R.R. Link" 13373:"Hell Gate Bridge, an Astoria icon, turns 100 years old" 13101:"Long Overdue Hell Gate Bridge Repairs Getting Underway" 12728:"$ 200 Billion Bill For Public Works Passed by Congress" 11231:"Superhighway Urged in Place of New Haven's Harlem Line" 7915:"Gurley company was once the Tiffany of surveying tools" 5136:. Vol. 42, no. 22. May 31, 1907. p. 750. 3730: 2091:, as that part of the route was electrified by the PRR. 16445:

Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers

15609:"Objects to Extra Charge for Hell Gate Bridge Travel". 14542: 14161: 14159: 14015: 14013: 13439: 11253: 11071:. Vol. 139, no. 4. July 25, 1955. p. 9. 9771:"Cohen Acts to Open Hell Gate Bridge as Freight Artery" 9504:"Shipping Interests Demand the Use of Hell Gate Bridge" 7546: 7544: 7531: 7529: 7243: 7241: 7239: 6735:. Vol. 3, no. 2. August 1, 1913. p. 92. 3720: 3718: 2355:. The bridge's name inspired the name of the 2000 film 485:(NYCR) was formed in 1892 to build the bridge, linking 16365:"Yes, this 'Hell Gate' is smaller, but it's not small" 15665:"Dismisses Complaint Against Hell Gate Route Charge". 15497:

Amtrak: The US National Railroad Passenger Corporation

15170: 14331: 12877:"Falling Rocks Damage Cars Under Hell Gate In Astoria" 3673:"The Pennsylvania and New Haven Connecting Railroad". 1633: 17501:

Historic American Engineering Record in New York City

16116: 14673:

Blanchard, Roy (May 2002). "No-excuses railroading".

14229: 14202: 12930: 12596: 12594: 12470:"Officials Kick Off Renovation of Hell Gate Bridge". 10541:"Service Is Asked for L.I.R.R. Over Hell Gate Bridge" 9839:"Plan $ 10,000,000 Long Island City Commuter Station" 9022:"Hell Gate Bridge Toll Excessive, N. Y. C. Charges". 8806:"240 Freight Cars Through Brooklyn Daily on New Road" 5285:"N. Y. Connecting R. R. May Be Held Up by Injunction" 2217: 16270: 16191: 16189: 16187: 15881: 15879: 15199: 15180:

Guse, Clayton; Nessen, Stephen (February 11, 2023).

15080: 15078: 14156: 14010: 13366: 13364: 13307: 12966: 12964: 12611: 12609: 12592: 12590: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12574: 11344:"5 Commuter Rail Projects Offered by 3-State Agency" 10910: 10908: 10906: 10633:"Hell Gate Route Asked by Nassau Rejected by I.C.C." 9603:"L.I.R.R. Increases Yard Facilities as Probe Starts" 9151:"Plan Double-deck Hell Gate Bridge for Auto Traffic" 9054:"Tri-Boro Bridge is "Uncalled For", Says Lindenthal" 7541: 7526: 7236: 6444:"Pennsylvania-New Haven Link Construction Under Way" 3970:"Pennsylvania R. R. Plans to Cost Over $ 70,000,000" 3715: 2099:

increasing the current coming from the substations.

622:

had to take a ferry from New Jersey and walk across

16590: 16498: 16471: 16356: 16246: 16244: 15452:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1978. p. 61 15116:"Bronx Head Urges Subway To Use Hell Gate Bridge". 14590: 14578: 14499: 14482: 14325: 14321: 14319: 14317: 14165: 14019: 13957: 13953: 13951: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13939: 12868: 12649:"Greek Gods to Adorn Hell Gate Bridge in New Mural" 11301: 11183: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11134: 10689:"Half of Hell Gate Bridge Put Up as RFC Collateral" 8376:"Best Places to See NYC's Bridges : NYC Parks" 7762: 7647: 7550: 7535: 7247: 7070:"World's Heaviest Bridge Now Spans Hell Gate Tides" 6953: 6173:"Steel Arch Bridge Over the East River, New York". 4645:"Aldermen Still Hold Up Connecting R. R. Franchise" 4457: 2917: 2915: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2170:called the project "second in interest only to the 2138:, looking north from the Hell Gate arch toward the 1630:machinery, was provided on the roof of each tower. 1118:via the bridge. The Hell Gate span was the world's 16615:Manhattan Gateway: New York's Pennsylvania Station 16591:Middleton, W.D.; Smerk, G.M.; Diehl, R.L. (2007). 15261: 15259: 15045: 14603: 14601: 14599: 14574: 14572: 14495: 14493: 14491: 14478: 14476: 14315: 14313: 14311: 14309: 14307: 14305: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14297: 14272:"Gustav Lindenthal's Little Hell Gate Rail Bridge" 14248: 14246: 14244: 14219: 14217: 14146: 14144: 14142: 14100: 14098: 14096: 14094: 13974: 13972: 13970: 13968: 13966: 13639: 13637: 13595: 13593: 13591: 13589: 13587: 13585: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13253: 13092: 12618:"Astoria Group Wants to Light Up Hell Gate Bridge" 12293: 12291: 12289: 11672:"City Taking Steps to Revive Rail Freight Service" 11626: 11624: 10986: 10984: 10403: 10401: 9663:"Port Authority Opens Hell Gate Span to Central". 9436:"Port Authority Wants Hell Gate Bridge Put to Use" 8847: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8559:"Pennsylvania Will Eliminate 104 Weekday Trains". 8428: 8426: 8424: 8380:New York City Department of Parks & Recreation 7942: 7940: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7633: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 2472: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 1991:There have been proposals for the bridge to carry 1442:The bridge's five spans and two approach viaducts 1269:. The freight tracks were de-electrified in 1969. 1250:, which also included the NH. Penn Central itself 17506:New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad bridges 16215: 16184: 15921:"To Centralize Business Interests on Long Island" 15876: 15075: 14912: 13726:"1917: Hell Gate Bridge's Fame Belies Its Name". 13361: 12961: 12646: 12606: 12571: 12157:"Meeting to Discuss the Fate of Hell Gate Bridge" 12065: 12063: 12061: 12059: 12057: 12055: 10903: 9193:"Engineers Urge Highway Deck on Hell Gate Bridge" 8409:. Vol. 30, no. 7. pp. 34, 36, 38. 4953: 4951: 4513: 4511: 4498: 4496: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4430: 4428: 4327: 4325: 4215:"To Connect Long Island With Great R. R. Systems" 3889: 3887: 3802: 3800: 3215: 3213: 1710:The Bronx Kill span was planned as a double-leaf 1557:The main span as seen from further east in Queens 1162:The Hell Gate Bridge's main span in front of the 1040:Little Hell Gate span's piers were built in open 545:, a small strait separating Randalls Island from 17457: 16674:Thrall, Ashley P.; Billington, David P. (2008). 16673: 16296: 16241: 14881:"Trains to Penn Station Proposed by 3 Officials" 14836:"Good Transit Facilities Assured in Westchester" 14265: 14263: 14261: 14083:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 13936: 13417:"Astoria's Hell Gate Bridge Turns 100 This Week" 13401:Calisi, Joseph M. (2017). "HELL GATE Hits 100". 13176: 13145: 12072:"A Bad Impression Outlasts a Bridge's New Paint" 11714:"Crushed Car Brings Outcry on Dangers of Bridge" 11131: 9127:"Vehicular Road Planned To Top Hell Gate Span". 8866: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8699:"Hell Gate Bridge Plays Part in Troop Movements" 4766:"Connecting R. R. Fight Before R. T. Commission" 4551: 4534: 3503: 2964:Documents of the Senate of the State of New York 2912: 2074:traction power system, as they were part of the 1919:The bridge's two western tracks are part of the 798:The PRR hired New York City bridge commissioner 169:Inverted bowstring truss (Little Hell Gate span) 17319: 15625: 15581: 15579: 15256: 14596: 14569: 14488: 14473: 14294: 14269: 14241: 14214: 14139: 14091: 13963: 13839: 13837: 13810:"Maj. Hornbostel Dies At 94; Noted Architect". 13773: 13634: 13576: 12999: 12719: 12494: 12286: 12179: 11744: 11621: 11155:"The Strange History Of NYC's Mighty Hell Gate" 11029: 11027: 11025: 10981: 10594: 10398: 9082: 8836: 8649: 8421: 7937: 7749: 7630: 7329:"New York Connecting Railway's New Financing". 7025:"Great Hell Gate Bridge Triumph of Engineering" 6928: 6855: 6808: 3767:"To Join Railroad Lines by Tunnels and Bridges" 2768: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2473:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 2437: 1940:, where it merges with the mainline portion of 610:to Manhattan or New Jersey. Although the PRR's 14065:. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023 13721: 13719: 13717: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13709: 13707: 13548: 13546: 13514: 13512: 13510: 13508: 13506: 12786: 12784: 12435: 12433: 12151: 12149: 12147: 12114:"Vallone urges RRs to fix-up Hell Gate Bridge" 12107: 12105: 12052: 12023: 12021: 11986:Rabin, Bernard; Meskil, Paul (July 25, 1984). 11826: 11824: 11792: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11707: 11705: 11550: 11548: 11379: 11377: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11225: 11223: 11062: 11060: 10944: 10942: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10240: 10238: 9954: 9952: 9269:"Hell Gate Span as a Vehicular Bridge Is Plan" 8963: 8961: 8930: 8928: 8693: 8691: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8218: 8216: 8186: 8184: 7878: 7876: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7594: 7592: 7561: 7559: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6337:"Great New Bridge Over River Within Two Years" 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 5983: 5323:"Turn Down Bridge Plan of Connecting Railroad" 4948: 4508: 4493: 4440: 4425: 4322: 3884: 3797: 3210: 2961:New York (State). Legislature. Senate (1914). 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 1528:Robert F. Kennedy (formerly Triborough) Bridge 1388:Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century 16756: 16732: 16530:. San Marino, California: Golden West Books. 16428:"The 11,000-Volt Long Island Electrification" 16305:"Visit locations from your favorite TV shows" 15762:. Vol. 118, no. 2330. p. 219. 14677:. Vol. 203, no. 5. pp. 29–31. 14258: 13845:"Celebrating the Hell Gate Bridge Centennial" 12905: 12707:. Vol. 200, no. 7. pp. 33–35. 12671: 11259: 10784:"Bomb Found Beneath Vital Hell Gate Bridge". 10308:"Quicker Freight to Queens and Brooklyn Near" 9120: 8857: 7699:"Exhibit celebrates Mohawks' high-rise feats" 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6194: 6192: 6038: 6036: 5953:"Work Soon to Start on Bridge Over Hell Gate" 5552: 5550: 5381: 5379: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5029: 5027: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4028: 4026: 3848: 3846: 3694: 3692: 3514: 3512: 3460: 3458: 3297: 3295: 3256: 3254: 3180:"Introduction of the Bridge Bill in Congress" 3174: 3172: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2325:When the bridge was completed, the architect 2240:said the project would be second only to the 2094:While NH trains were capable of operating on 454:. Its main span is a 1,017-foot (310 m) 16659:. Images of rail. Arcadia Publishing. 2016. 16568:. Vol. 64, no. 6. pp. 48–51. 15576: 14666: 14270:Oviatt-Lawrence, Alice (February 22, 2024). 14116: 13834: 13742: 12193:. The Associated Press. September 11, 1988. 11022: 10841: 10502: 6906:"Building Piers for the Connecting Railroad" 6747: 4918:"Connecting Road Means Much to Two Boroughs" 3954:"Pennsylvania's Proposed Work in New York". 2988: 2986: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2769:Oviatt-Lawrence, Alice (February 22, 2024). 2385:List of bridges and tunnels in New York City 2131:The Wards Island viaduct under construction 1194:In early 1926, the Port Authority asked the 876:The main span's arch, as ultimately approved 630:, or vice versa, to continue their journey. 16587:", 5 photos, 1 photo caption page 16544: 16161: 16098:"Connecting Railroad Will Have Wide Effect" 15853: 15774: 15681: 15658: 15602: 15553: 15547: 15464: 15109: 14917:. Vol. 199, no. 11. p. G13. 14906: 14828: 14797: 14616:New York State Department of Transportation 14438: 14171: 13704: 13543: 13503: 13154:"Hell Gate Bridge may go to the light side" 13061: 13030: 12976: 12899: 12781: 12696: 12463: 12430: 12399: 12368: 12247: 12144: 12102: 12030:"Debris From Bridge Still Falls on Astoria" 12018: 11985: 11979: 11902: 11863: 11821: 11783: 11702: 11663: 11545: 11491: 11439: 11374: 11307: 11220: 11189: 11057: 10939: 10777: 10658: 10533: 10413: 10235: 9949: 9261: 9185: 8958: 8925: 8851: 8688: 8613: 8398: 8213: 8181: 7873: 7812: 7768: 7721: 7690: 7653: 7589: 7556: 7475: 7292:"New York Connecting Road Seeks Bond Issue" 7047: 7004: 6959: 6717: 2731: 2709:Thom, William G.; Sturm, Robert C. (2006). 2089:Amtrak's 12 kV, 25 Hz traction power system 1495:to the south. Three of the spans cross the 1344:New York State Department of Transportation 1052: 745:, where trains would be floated across the 16763: 16749: 16563: 16122: 15847: 15475:. Vol. 177, no. 18. p. 33. 15244:. Vol. 74, no. 15. p. 767. 15182:"Bronx is snubbed as MTA pursues IBX plan" 15179: 14878: 14872: 14803: 14650:. Moody's Investors Service. p. 715. 12982: 12970: 12936: 12702: 12647:Kern-Jedrychowska, Ewa (August 23, 2012). 12600: 11588: 11318: 10814: 8253:"Hell Gate Bridge is Opened for Traffic". 7099:"Enjoin Building of Bridge at Hell Gate". 6298: 6189: 6033: 5547: 5376: 5272: 5120: 5024: 4463: 4023: 3843: 3689: 3509: 3455: 3292: 3251: 3169: 2876: 2704: 2702: 2422: 2420: 1651: 868:Land acquisition and finalization of plans 596:New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad 499:New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad 17531:Through arch bridges in the United States 17282:NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) 17277:NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) 16331:"Film in Review; 'Under Hellgate Bridge'" 16276: 15859: 15780: 15205: 15141:"City May Get Transit Spur Via Hell Gate" 15084: 14995:Castillo, Alfonso A. (January 22, 2019). 14727: 14672: 13873: 13697:A Span of Bridges: An Illustrated History 13471: 13313: 12843: 12501:Kaufman, Michael T. (December 26, 1992). 12338:"They brush on painting Hell Gate Bridge" 12069: 11589:Halbfinger, David M. (October 12, 1998). 10917:"Astoria residents hit with Amtrak hikes" 8165:"New York Connecting Railroad Finished". 7780:Sewell, Edward Alden (October 10, 1915). 2983: 2793: 2708: 1964:in New Jersey. Before the opening of the 765:), of which the bridge was to be a part. 719:station in Queens, and New York governor 16594:Encyclopedia of North American Railroads 16362: 15864:. Vol. 67, no. 5. p. 74. 14994: 13123:"Amtrak to remove scaffolding – QNS.com" 13067: 12874: 12756: 12027: 11908: 11385:"DelBello asks rail service to Penn Sta" 10815:MacDonnell, Frances (November 2, 1995). 7696: 7422:"Report on Progress of Hell Gate Bridge" 6974:"Connecting Railway Takes Definite Form" 4276:"Freight Line From Jersey to Mott Haven" 4064:"Penn. Tunnel Means Much to Long Island" 4001:"Jacobs' Tunnel Plan Solves the Problem" 2221: 1762: 1692: 1673:measuring 16 inches (410 mm) wide. 1655: 1626:. Space for railroad equipment, such as 1552: 1352: 1276: 1205: 1157: 871: 16198:"Surprising history behind this bridge" 15493: 15025: 14804:Richterman, Anita (September 6, 1979). 14054: 13693: 13472:Schneider, Daniel B. (March 19, 2000). 13314:Christian, Lyndsay (November 4, 2016). 13259: 13098: 13036: 12677: 12616:Evelly, Jeanmarie (December 25, 2013). 12500: 12441:"Work set to begin on Hell Gate bridge" 11833:"Hell Gate Viaduct: Relief is in sight" 11711: 11341: 10948: 10870: 10630: 8655: 7733:"The Longest Steel Arch in the World". 7153:"Doctors in Way of Connecting Railroad" 2699: 2417: 2033:in Queens, where they connect with the 677:federal government of the United States 17458: 17044: 16695:10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2008)13:6(635) 16438: 16388: 16328: 16277:Spagnuolo, Christine (June 24, 2015). 16221: 16195: 15885: 15756: 15560:"Sleet Removal on Electrified Roads". 15470: 15428:. Simmons-Boardman. 1928. p. 1099 15239: 15026:Spivack, Caroline (January 22, 2019). 14785:from the original on December 27, 2009 14625:from the original on December 10, 2018 14523:from the original on December 15, 2023 14513:"Queens Table 1: Old Name to New Name" 14467: 14420:The Hell Gate Pathway : NYC Parks 14282:from the original on February 24, 2024 14252: 14235: 14223: 14208: 14150: 14120:Railway and Locomotive Engineering ... 14104: 13998:from the original on February 24, 2024 13855:from the original on February 26, 2024 13675:from the original on February 29, 2024 13643: 13610: 13608: 13599: 13414: 13400: 13370: 13337:Evelly, Jeanmarie (November 7, 2016). 13336: 13282: 13228: 12887:from the original on February 26, 2024 12833:from the original on February 26, 2024 12790: 12615: 12318:from the original on November 13, 2013 12297: 12253: 12111: 11911:"Hell Gate viaduct imperiling cleanup" 11909:Hanrahan, Thomas (February 12, 1980). 11872:"Vallone: Fix viaduct before it kills" 11830: 11609:from the original on February 26, 2024 11584: 11582: 11554: 11520: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11406: 10927:from the original on February 26, 2024 10914: 10631:Manning, George H. (August 26, 1933). 10564:"Hell Gate Service Plea Given Hearing" 10376:"Urges Public Right in Hell Gate Span" 9899:from the original on February 24, 2024 9827:from the original on February 24, 2024 9747:"Hell Gate Bridge Decision Modified". 9299:"Triborough Bridge Objections Refuted" 9070:from the original on February 19, 2024 8432: 8404: 8135:"First Train Crosses Hell Gate Bridge" 8007: 7966:from the original on February 29, 2024 7779: 7514:from the original on February 29, 2024 7496:"Make Big Progress on Connecting Road" 7463:from the original on February 29, 2024 7440:from the original on February 29, 2024 7402:from the original on February 29, 2024 7310:from the original on February 29, 2024 7224:from the original on February 29, 2024 7201:from the original on February 29, 2024 7163:from the original on February 29, 2024 7133:from the original on February 29, 2024 6992:from the original on February 29, 2024 6916:from the original on February 29, 2024 6886:from the original on February 29, 2024 6843:from the original on February 29, 2024 6667:from the original on February 29, 2024 6629:from the original on February 29, 2024 6591:from the original on February 29, 2024 6561:from the original on February 29, 2024 6523:from the original on February 29, 2024 6485:from the original on February 29, 2024 6462:from the original on February 29, 2024 6431:from the original on February 29, 2024 6393:from the original on February 29, 2024 6355:from the original on February 29, 2024 6286:from the original on February 29, 2024 6248:from the original on February 29, 2024 6210:from the original on February 29, 2024 6154:from the original on February 29, 2024 6123:from the original on February 29, 2024 6054:from the original on February 29, 2024 6021:from the original on February 29, 2024 5989: 5971:from the original on February 28, 2024 5940:from the original on February 28, 2024 5930:"Engineers at Work on Connecting Road" 5910:from the original on February 28, 2024 5880:from the original on February 28, 2024 5842:from the original on February 27, 2024 5804:from the original on February 26, 2024 5744:from the original on February 25, 2024 5713:from the original on February 26, 2024 5675:from the original on February 26, 2024 5637:from the original on February 26, 2024 5599:from the original on February 26, 2024 5576:from the original on February 26, 2024 5535:from the original on February 26, 2024 5489:from the original on February 26, 2024 5458:from the original on February 26, 2024 5448:"First Work on the Connecting Railway" 5428:from the original on February 26, 2024 5364:from the original on February 26, 2024 5341:from the original on February 26, 2024 5303:from the original on February 29, 2024 5229:from the original on February 26, 2024 5199:from the original on February 26, 2024 5084:from the original on February 26, 2024 5053:from the original on February 26, 2024 5012:from the original on February 26, 2024 4957: 4936:from the original on February 26, 2024 4898:from the original on February 26, 2024 4875:from the original on February 26, 2024 4806:from the original on February 26, 2024 4776:from the original on February 26, 2024 4723:from the original on February 26, 2024 4701:from the original on February 26, 2024 4663:from the original on February 26, 2024 4633:from the original on February 26, 2024 4595:from the original on February 26, 2024 4563: 4517: 4502: 4434: 4389:from the original on February 26, 2024 4351:from the original on February 25, 2024 4286:from the original on February 26, 2024 4256:from the original on February 25, 2024 4233:from the original on February 25, 2024 4195:from the original on February 25, 2024 4157:from the original on February 25, 2024 4134:from the original on February 25, 2024 4112:from the original on February 25, 2024 4074:from the original on February 25, 2024 4044:from the original on February 26, 2024 4011:from the original on February 25, 2024 3988:from the original on February 25, 2024 3935:from the original on February 25, 2024 3913:from the original on February 25, 2024 3872:from the original on February 25, 2024 3806: 3785:from the original on February 25, 2024 3724: 3569:from the original on February 25, 2024 3476:from the original on February 25, 2024 3443:from the original on February 25, 2024 3413:from the original on February 25, 2024 3375:from the original on February 24, 2024 3280:from the original on February 24, 2024 3239:from the original on February 24, 2024 3198:from the original on February 24, 2024 3157:from the original on February 24, 2024 3103:from the original on February 24, 2024 3073:from the original on February 24, 2024 3035:from the original on February 24, 2024 2921: 2826:from the original on February 24, 2024 2781:from the original on February 27, 2024 2286: 2102: 1101: 1002:those used in the construction of the 779:New York City Rapid Transit Commission 17389: 17318: 16744: 16731: 16632: 16302: 16250: 15303:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 15206:Kilgannon, Corey (January 31, 2007). 15138: 15097:from the original on January 30, 2023 15063:from the original on December 9, 2022 14974:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 14643: 14517:One-Step Webpages by Stephen P. Morse 14393:from the original on November 1, 2023 13886:from the original on January 30, 2023 13849:Amtrak: History of America's Railroad 13283:Evelly, Jeanmarie (August 26, 2016). 13205: 13182: 13151: 13008:"Repair Hell Gate: Vallone – QNS.com" 12746:from the original on October 19, 2022 12405: 12374: 12298:Gruson, Lindsey (November 30, 1991). 12090:from the original on January 10, 2015 11869: 11750: 11669: 11631:Burks, Edward C. (November 7, 1974). 11630: 11497: 11427:from the original on February 4, 2018 11195: 11152: 10915:Gannon, Michael (September 1, 2016). 10190:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 10099:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 10038:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 9984:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 9726:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 9665:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 9634:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 9416:from the original on November 7, 2018 9378:from the original on December 2, 2018 9317:from the original on December 2, 2018 9249:from the original on December 2, 2018 9129:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 9024:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 8873:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 8656:Bennett, Charles G. (July 13, 1941). 8386:from the original on November 8, 2022 8314:"First Train Over Hell Gate Bridge". 7782:"The Hell Gate Arch Becomes a Bridge" 6475:"Big Contract Will Furnish Work Here" 5558:"70,000-Ton Bridge to Span 3 Streams" 5154: 3055:"The All-rail Plan Takes on New Life" 2152: 1977:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 1422:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 651:. In March 1898, U.S. representative 17466:1916 establishments in New York City 16581:Historic American Engineering Record 16525: 16196:Willis, Charlotte (March 13, 2016). 15529:. Dover Printing. 1994. p. 29. 14962: 14858: 14123:Angus Sinclair Company. p. 12. 13039:"Cracks in bridge cause for concern" 13005: 11445: 7826:"Progress on the Hell Gate Bridge". 7600:"Hell Gate Spans Quarter Inch Apart" 6731:"Progress on the Hell Gate Bridge". 4970:"Franchise for Connecting Railway". 4147:"Hell Gate Bridge Boom for Brooklyn" 1717: 1030: 970: 16656:Sunnyside Yard and Hell Gate Bridge 16389:Kissel, Howard (December 8, 2000). 15781:Singleton, Donald (March 6, 1972). 15703:"Hell Gate Toll Equalizing Urged". 15139:Dwyer, Robert (December 30, 1954). 15085:Brachfeld, Ben (January 30, 2023). 14879:McLaughlin, Peter (June 17, 1973). 13874:Brachfeld, Ben (January 30, 2023). 13605: 13415:Evelly, Jeanmarie (March 9, 2017). 13229:Evelly, Jeanmarie (March 1, 2016). 12725: 11579: 11470: 11106:"East River Toll Upheld by I. C. C" 11082:"I. C. C. Upholds Hell Gate Toll". 10823:. Oxford University Press. p. 9845:. September 30, 1925. pp. 27, 8583:"Hell Gate Bridge in Use Next Week" 7985:"A Review of Bridge Construction". 7697:Minthorn, David (August 18, 2002). 2715:National Railway Historical Society 1634:Randalls and Wards Islands viaducts 1393: 1248:Penn Central Transportation Company 1210:A freight train on the bridge, 1948 698:and NH lines in the Bronx with the 606:transported railroad cars down the 428:New York Connecting Railroad Bridge 13: 17526:Steel bridges in the United States 16222:Bohnel, Steve (January 18, 2024). 14846:from the original on March 7, 2024 14816:from the original on March 7, 2024 14747:from the original on April 4, 2024 14715:from the original on March 8, 2024 14654:from the original on March 1, 2024 14426:from the original on July 12, 2022 14416:"Randall's Island Park Highlights" 14352:from the original on March 1, 2017 14127:from the original on March 8, 2024 13924:from the original on March 4, 2024 13814:. December 15, 1961. p. 29C. 13799:from the original on March 8, 2024 13564:from the original on March 1, 2024 13554:"Facts of Longest Bridge in World" 13491:from the original on July 22, 2010 13383:from the original on March 8, 2024 13371:Barone, Vincent (March 27, 2017). 13326:from the original on March 8, 2024 13272:from the original on March 8, 2024 13218:from the original on March 8, 2024 13195:from the original on March 8, 2024 13164:from the original on March 8, 2024 13133:from the original on March 8, 2024 13111:from the original on March 8, 2024 13049:from the original on March 8, 2024 13037:Bennett, Chuck (August 25, 2006). 13018:from the original on March 8, 2024 13006:Duke, Nathan (December 19, 2009). 12949:from the original on March 8, 2024 12937:Lippincott, E.E. (April 5, 2001). 12875:Brownlow, Ron (October 13, 2005). 12559:from the original on March 8, 2024 12547:. December 12, 1996. p. 615. 12521:from the original on March 8, 2024 12451:from the original on March 8, 2024 12356:from the original on March 8, 2024 12274:from the original on March 8, 2024 12235:from the original on March 8, 2024 12205:from the original on March 8, 2024 12167:from the original on March 8, 2024 12132:from the original on March 8, 2024 12070:Kilgannon, Corey (March 8, 2012). 12040:from the original on March 8, 2024 12028:Jamieson, Wendell (July 7, 1988). 12006:from the original on March 8, 2024 11967:from the original on March 8, 2024 11929:from the original on March 8, 2024 11890:from the original on March 8, 2024 11851:from the original on April 4, 2024 11771:from the original on March 7, 2024 11751:Burks, Edward C. (April 4, 1976). 11732:from the original on March 7, 2024 11712:Oreskes, Michael (June 19, 1975). 11690:from the original on March 7, 2024 11651:from the original on March 7, 2024 11533:from the original on March 7, 2024 11409:"A New Rail Link Sought for Bronx" 11395:from the original on March 7, 2024 11362:from the original on March 8, 2024 11342:Lubasch, Arnold H. (May 2, 1962). 11280:from the original on March 8, 2024 11260:Daughen, J.R.; Binzen, P. (1999). 11241:from the original on March 7, 2024 11165:from the original on March 8, 2024 11010:from the original on March 2, 2024 10969:from the original on March 8, 2024 10891:from the original on March 4, 2024 10738:from the original on March 4, 2024 10707:from the original on March 4, 2024 10646:from the original on March 4, 2024 10620:from the original on March 4, 2024 10582:from the original on March 4, 2024 10551:from the original on March 4, 2024 10490:from the original on March 3, 2024 10386:from the original on March 3, 2024 10364:from the original on March 3, 2024 10326:from the original on March 3, 2024 10177:from the original on March 3, 2024 10139:from the original on March 3, 2024 10078:from the original on March 3, 2024 9937:from the original on March 3, 2024 9861:from the original on March 2, 2024 9789:from the original on March 3, 2024 9705:from the original on March 3, 2024 9613:from the original on March 3, 2024 9591:from the original on March 3, 2024 9553:from the original on March 2, 2024 9522:from the original on March 3, 2024 9510:. September 16, 1924. p. 22. 9484:from the original on March 3, 2024 9446:from the original on March 2, 2024 9279:from the original on March 3, 2024 9211:from the original on March 3, 2024 9173:from the original on March 3, 2024 9108:from the original on March 3, 2024 8946:from the original on March 3, 2024 8942:. September 28, 1925. p. 19. 8913:from the original on March 2, 2024 8824:from the original on March 2, 2024 8709:from the original on March 2, 2024 8676:from the original on March 4, 2024 8601:from the original on March 2, 2024 8542:The route lasted two months. See: 8524:from the original on March 2, 2024 8502:from the original on March 1, 2024 8464:from the original on March 1, 2024 8356:from the original on March 1, 2024 8295:from the original on March 1, 2024 8234:from the original on March 1, 2024 8201:from the original on March 2, 2024 8153:from the original on March 1, 2024 8123:from the original on March 1, 2024 8062:from the original on March 1, 2024 7925:from the original on March 8, 2024 7800:from the original on March 1, 2024 7709:from the original on March 8, 2024 7678:from the original on March 1, 2024 7618:from the original on March 1, 2024 7606:. September 30, 1915. p. 15. 7577:from the original on March 1, 2024 7333:. September 18, 1913. p. 17. 7080:from the original on March 1, 2024 7035:from the original on March 1, 2024 7031:. September 26, 1915. p. 26. 6796:from the original on March 4, 2024 6705:from the original on March 2, 2024 5211:"Wants to Bridge Upper East River" 2971:from the original on April 4, 2024 2942:from the original on March 8, 2024 2218:Effect on development and commerce 2040: 1688: 1414:Greater Astoria Historical Society 1333:and decline". Moynihan convened a 1242:of the NH found that the bridge's 1238:feasibility study on the possible 1221:Reconstruction Finance Corporation 1153: 1004:tallest buildings in New York City 862:New York State Hospital Commission 710: 14: 17542: 17516:Railroad bridges in New York City 16710: 16363:Haithman, Diane (April 1, 2007). 16251:Boone, Ruschell (March 1, 2017). 15707:. November 17, 1954. p. 20. 14557:from the original on May 24, 2015 14117:Hill, J.A.; Sinclair, A. (1922). 13700:. New York, Praeger. p. 230. 13616:"Growing a Bridge From Both Ends" 13260:Pilgrim, Lexi (August 26, 2016). 13152:McRae, Tess (February 20, 2014). 12447:. February 22, 1992. p. 13. 12223:. September 11, 1988. p. 5. 11753:"Waiting for the ConRail Express" 11391:. November 19, 1973. p. 11. 11302:Middleton, Smerk & Diehl 2007 11184:Middleton, Smerk & Diehl 2007 11153:Healy, Ryan (February 22, 2016). 11038:. December 20, 1951. p. 29. 10949:Gentile, Don (October 11, 1977). 10788:. September 14, 1940. p. 1. 10570:. November 22, 1932. p. 24. 10280:. February 10, 1927. p. 25. 10040:. February 26, 1926. p. 29. 9963:. December 11, 1925. p. 4B. 9667:. February 16, 1925. p. 24. 9237:. December 17, 1926. p. 33. 9157:. February 25, 1925. pp. 1, 9131:. February 26, 1925. p. 29. 8875:. September 17, 1924. p. 8. 8629:. September 24, 1918. p. 5. 8548:. November 25, 1917. p. 7B. 8192:"Big Gang Laying Hell Gate R. R." 7737:. October 13, 1915. p. 346. 7502:. December 27, 1914. p. 59. 6206:. December 16, 1911. p. 18. 5898:. February 26, 1910. p. 15. 5701:. September 25, 1909. p. 6. 5589:"Bridge Will Be Longest in World" 5515:. December 21, 1908. p. 10. 4924:. December 23, 1906. p. 36. 4746:. November 17, 1905. p. 14. 2892:. January 10, 1932. p. K23. 2864:from the original on May 23, 2018 2157:When the bridge was being built, 1882: 1784:Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard station 1769:Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard station 1754: 1376:Providence and Worcester Railroad 1272: 1201: 633: 470:that separates Wards Island from 17370: 17364: 17010:Brooklyn–Battery (Hugh L. Carey) 16551: 16513: 16486: 16382: 16329:Holden, Stephen (May 11, 2001). 16322: 16142:. October 26, 1916. p. 80. 16128: 16090: 16057: 16024: 15965: 15939: 15913: 15841: 15808: 15750: 15738:. February 9, 1915. p. 16. 15727: 15541: 15487: 15440: 15416: 15411:Railway Electrical Engineer 1928 15404: 15350: 15305:. December 31, 1925. p. 1. 15294: 15271: 15266:Railway Electrical Engineer 1928 15233: 15120:. December 30, 1954. p. 5. 15019: 14988: 14842:. January 15, 1963. p. 45. 14759: 14637: 14584: 14535: 14505: 14461: 14367: 14048: 14025: 13898: 13867: 13687: 13649: 13465: 13394: 13206:Ferry, Shannan (March 8, 2016). 13099:Toscano, John (March 26, 2008). 12533: 12330: 12163:. November 2, 1988. p. 34. 11941: 11521:Morris, Tom (October 18, 1978). 11237:. January 31, 1967. p. 17. 10808: 10695:. December 2, 1934. p. 38. 10669:. December 1, 1934. p. 21. 10547:. November 22, 1932. p. 9. 10441: 10408:Railway Electrical Engineer 1928 10338: 10314:. February 10, 1927. p. 3. 10300: 10269: 10151: 10101:. February 27, 1926. p. 5. 10090: 10017:. February 26, 1926. p. 3. 10006: 9986:. December 12, 1925. p. 2. 9911: 9873: 9801: 9763: 9717: 9656: 9636:. October 16, 1924. p. 29. 9625: 9565: 9496: 9466:"Chamber Urges New Freight Link" 9458: 9428: 9390: 9329: 9291: 9275:. December 13, 1926. p. 2. 9223: 9063:. February 19, 1920. p. 1. 9046: 9026:. February 28, 1926. p. 8. 9015: 8984: 8798: 8755:. January 17, 1918. p. 13. 8744: 8721: 8705:. December 27, 1917. p. 6. 8575: 8536: 8476: 8438: 8307: 8246: 8074: 8013: 8001: 7978: 7907: 7842: 7414: 7364:. November 15, 1913. p. 5. 7353: 7322: 7284: 7253: 7220:. January 17, 1913. p. 14. 7189:. January 17, 1913. p. 26. 7175: 7159:. November 26, 1912. p. 8. 7145: 7103:. November 9, 1912. p. 10. 7092: 7076:. January 21, 1917. p. 45. 6898: 6758:. January 17, 1943. p. 40. 6679: 6511:. December 29, 1911. p. 5. 6419:. November 5, 1911. p. 52. 6343:. January 26, 1913. p. 13. 6274:. December 5, 1911. p. 27. 6236:. December 5, 1911. p. 25. 5595:. December 21, 1908. p. 1. 5564:. December 21, 1908. p. 2. 5252:. November 25, 1909. p. 7. 5000:. February 14, 1907. p. 9. 4974:. February 16, 1907. p. 7. 4894:. December 22, 1906. p. 1. 4863:. December 22, 1906. p. 1. 4772:. November 17, 1905. p. 7. 4713:"Talk of Veto for Aldermen Bill" 4153:. February 10, 1903. p. 1. 4130:. February 11, 1903. p. 6. 4070:. December 17, 1902. p. 1. 4007:. December 12, 1901. p. 1. 3976:. December 15, 1901. p. 5. 3773:. October 27, 1900. p. 16. 3654:. December 12, 1901. p. 1. 2711:The New York Connecting Railroad 2679: 2670: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2529: 2516: 2503: 2120: 1905: 1891: 1730: 1565: 1461:Randalls and Wards Islands spans 1219:for a $ 6 million loan from the 950: 930: 723:signed the bill the next month. 675:, and Long Island. Although the 31: 16303:McRae, Tess (October 2, 2014). 15886:Barron, James (March 3, 2017). 15500:. Blandford Press. p. 99. 14055:Weisman, Alan (February 2005). 13753:. August 23, 1960. p. 15. 13663:. November 3, 1911. p. 4. 13560:. October 12, 1915. p. 7. 13183:Matua, Angela (March 2, 2016). 12474:. April 4, 1992. p. 1.25. 12254:Peters, James (July 18, 1988). 12187:"Queens Rail Bridge Criticized" 12112:Peters, James (June 20, 1988). 11955:. April 30, 1980. p. 750. 11870:Leahy, Jack (August 28, 1979). 11523:"Piggyback Freight Center Eyed" 11407:Hudson, Edward (June 9, 1973). 10871:Lissner, Will (June 28, 1942). 10513:. August 16, 1932. p. 16. 9609:. October 15, 1924. p. 2. 8812:. January 25, 1918. p. 3. 8778:. January 17, 1918. p. 9. 8732:. January 2, 1918. p. 10. 8024:. February 5, 1917. p. 1. 7887:. October 1, 1915. p. 17. 7573:. October 9, 1915. p. 24. 7214:"Wards Island Is to Be Bridged" 7129:. November 9, 1912. p. 3. 6980:. January 4, 1914. p. 40. 6912:. October 26, 1912. p. 3. 6641: 6603: 6579:. February 1, 1912. p. 2. 6535: 6497: 6481:. November 4, 1911. p. 2. 6450:. November 9, 1911. p. 8. 6405: 6367: 6260: 6222: 6166: 6097: 6066: 5995: 5922: 5854: 5816: 5792:. December 6, 1909. p. 2. 5767:. December 6, 1909. p. 1. 5756: 5687: 5649: 5611: 5501: 5477:. January 15, 1908. p. 5. 5454:. January 15, 1908. p. 6. 5440: 5315: 5291:. November 8, 1912. p. 3. 5241: 5173: 5148: 4963: 4910: 4849: 4818: 4788: 4735: 4675: 4607: 4569: 4557: 4363: 4268: 4207: 4169: 4086: 4056: 3947: 3812: 3759: 3643: 3612: 3581: 3543: 3466:"Trunk Railroad Bridge Assured" 3387: 3326: 3085: 3061:. December 5, 1898. p. 7. 3047: 2997:. February 7, 1899. p. 4. 2922:Barron, James (March 3, 2017). 2713:. Long Island-Sunrise Chapter, 2589: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2553: 2494:Gross Domestic Product deflator 2195:Historic Preservation in Queens 2007: 1683:United States Department of War 1263:New York City Transit Authority 921: 841:New York City Board of Estimate 828:New York City Board of Aldermen 813:Port of New York and New Jersey 790:a fee to cross the East River. 245:2 for Amtrak Northeast Corridor 16934:Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough) 16168:"A Look Back: Structures...". 16104:. December 1, 1912. p. 26 16038:. April 12, 1908. p. 61. 16005:. April 12, 1908. p. 73. 15927:. December 20, 1902. p. 9 15526:Extra Twenty-two Hundred South 14609:"Railroads in New York – 2016" 14182:. January 2, 1917. p. 6. 13523:. August 22, 1915. p. 8. 11831:Murray, Alice (May 23, 1980). 10382:. April 15, 1927. p. 11. 10249:. April 15, 1927. p. 12. 10215:. March 27, 1926. p. 5A. 10192:. March 26, 1926. p. 17. 9728:. March 14, 1925. p. 18. 9472:. August 3, 1924. p. 21. 9340:. March 25, 1927. p. 18. 9305:. April 23, 1927. p. 36. 9078:– via Fultonhistory.com. 8230:. March 10, 1917. p. 11. 8085:. March 10, 1917. p. 11. 7921:. April 11, 1994. p. 13. 7853:. October 4, 1915. p. 3. 7668:"Biggest Bridge Half Finished" 7298:. August 27, 1913. p. 5. 5663:. April 17, 1909. p. 26. 5619:"N. Y. Connecting R. R. Plans" 4651:. April 11, 1905. p. 13. 4577:"P. R. R. Pushing Bridge Work" 4481:. March 14, 1915. p. 32. 3623:. April 20, 1900. p. 10. 3592:. April 25, 1900. p. 12. 3523:. October 4, 1900. p. 4. 3395:"Hell Gate Bridge Bill Signed" 3337:. April 24, 1900. p. 10. 2954: 2838: 2814:. April 24, 1892. p. 20. 2349:, as well as TV shows such as 1435: 1196:Interstate Commerce Commission 781:that June. PRR vice president 564: 442:and one freight track between 230: 1: 17511:Pennsylvania Railroad bridges 17404: 17330: 16683:Journal of Bridge Engineering 15783:"Of Cables, Beams and Beauty" 14180:The Christian Science Monitor 12344:. May 17, 1990. p. 486. 11670:Henry, John (March 9, 1975). 11263:The Wreck of the Penn Central 11086:. July 20, 1955. p. 20. 10452:. June 21, 1928. p. 15. 10429:. July 1, 1927. p. 479. 10213:The Christian Science Monitor 9961:The Christian Science Monitor 9777:. March 20, 1925. p. 3. 8776:The Christian Science Monitor 8589:. March 8, 1917. p. 17. 8520:. April 18, 1917. p. 4. 8318:. March 31, 1917. p. 5. 8316:The Christian Science Monitor 8197:. March 10, 1917. p. 8. 8141:. March 10, 1917. p. 5. 7674:. July 20, 1915. p. 12. 7331:The Christian Science Monitor 7123:"Blocks Ward's Island Bridge" 6050:. March 24, 1911. p. 5. 5787:"Work to Begin on N.Y.C.R.R." 5625:. July 31, 1909. p. 22. 5217:. June 23, 1907. p. 16. 4888:"Connecting R. R. Is Assured" 4829:. March 23, 1906. p. 9. 4796:"N. Y. C. R. R. Bills Signed" 4583:. March 26, 1905. p. 5. 4302:. March 24, 1904. p. 6. 4282:. March 24, 1904. p. 6. 4221:. June 12, 1903. p. 12. 4183:. March 16, 1903. p. 8. 3931:. April 12, 1902. p. 1. 3703:. April 16, 1911. p. 6. 3557:. April 22, 1902. p. 2. 3268:. March 1, 1898. p. 13. 3186:. March 4, 1898. p. 16. 3017:"For a Bridge Over Hell Gate" 2658:About $ 1,202 million in 2023 2475:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 2432:New York New Jersey Rail, LLC 2400: 2132: 2035:New York and Atlantic Railway 1139:Washington-Bar Harbor Express 1092:W. & L. E. Gurley Company 958: 938: 769:27,700 t) of steel from 673:Randalls Island, Wards Island 554: 37:The main span above Hell Gate 17362:(East River Suspension Span) 16597:. Indiana University Press. 16391:"Engineering a mini-miracle" 15979:. April 9, 1908. p. 2. 15953:. March 12, 1906. p. 18 15384:. July 21, 1926. p. 9. 15361:. July 21, 1926. p. 4. 12217:"Hell Gate's in heck of fix" 11801:. May 22, 1990. p. 23. 10852:. June 28, 1942. p. 1. 9442:. June 20, 1924. p. 3. 9199:. May 17, 1925. p. 15. 8995:. July 17, 1919. p. 2. 8257:. April 2, 1917. p. 9. 6111:. June 4, 1911. p. 77. 6077:. April 3, 1911. p. 5. 6009:. April 1, 1911. p. 2. 5959:. March 2, 1910. p. 7. 5936:. March 2, 1910. p. 5. 5390:. March 9, 1909. p. 3. 5360:. July 29, 1907. p. 3. 5329:. July 29, 1907. p. 6. 5155:Mills, William Wirt (1908). 5100:. May 26, 1907. p. E1. 5072:. May 23, 1907. p. 25. 4552:Thrall & Billington 2008 4535:Thrall & Billington 2008 4405:. June 24, 1904. p. 5. 4377:. June 24, 1904. p. 5. 4252:. June 12, 1903. p. 9. 3860:. June 24, 1901. p. 1. 3823:. March 6, 1901. p. 2. 3747:. March 21, 1909. p. 50 3504:Thrall & Billington 2008 3425:"Control of the Long Island" 3119:. March 4, 1898. p. 2. 3099:. March 4, 1898. p. 8. 2692: 2059:could travel as far east as 1898:Truss bridge over Bronx Kill 1836:New York Connecting Railroad 1834:track, which is part of the 1575:because it was cheaper than 1548: 1519:was the bridge's architect. 1254:in 1970 and was absorbed by 1024:Manhattan Psychiatric Center 793: 671:(on the U.S. mainland) with 640:New York Connecting Railroad 483:New York Connecting Railroad 90:New York Connecting Railroad 7: 17491:Bridges in Queens, New York 16432:Railway Electrical Engineer 16412:– via newspapers.com. 16157:– via newspapers.com. 16112:– via newspapers.com. 16053:– via newspapers.com. 16032:"Real Estate Market Strong" 16020:– via newspapers.com. 15961:– via newspapers.com. 15935:– via newspapers.com. 15804:– via newspapers.com. 15166:– via newspapers.com. 14970:"Penn Station Access Study" 14902:– via newspapers.com. 14854:– via newspapers.com. 14824:– via newspapers.com. 13683:– via newspapers.com. 13572:– via newspapers.com. 13057:– via newspapers.com. 12726:Dao, James (May 23, 1998). 12567:– via newspapers.com. 12459:– via newspapers.com. 12364:– via newspapers.com. 12282:– via newspapers.com. 12243:– via newspapers.com. 12175:– via newspapers.com. 12140:– via newspapers.com. 12048:– via newspapers.com. 12014:– via newspapers.com. 11975:– via newspapers.com. 11949:"All's well that ends weld" 11937:– via newspapers.com. 11898:– via newspapers.com. 11859:– via newspapers.com. 11740:– via newspapers.com. 11698:– via newspapers.com. 11541:– via newspapers.com. 11249:– via newspapers.com. 10977:– via newspapers.com. 10654:– via newspapers.com. 10590:– via newspapers.com. 10427:Railway Mechanical Engineer 10394:– via newspapers.com. 10334:– via newspapers.com. 9869:– via newspapers.com. 9797:– via newspapers.com. 9621:– via newspapers.com. 9530:– via newspapers.com. 9492:– via newspapers.com. 9454:– via newspapers.com. 9325:– via newspapers.com. 9287:– via newspapers.com. 9257:– via newspapers.com. 9219:– via newspapers.com. 9181:– via newspapers.com. 8954:– via newspapers.com. 8832:– via newspapers.com. 8774:"Hell Gate Bridge Opened". 8717:– via newspapers.com. 8609:– via newspapers.com. 8532:– via newspapers.com. 8242:– via newspapers.com. 8209:– via newspapers.com. 7933:– via newspapers.com. 7808:– via newspapers.com. 7717:– via newspapers.com. 7686:– via newspapers.com. 7626:– via newspapers.com. 7585:– via newspapers.com. 7522:– via newspapers.com. 7471:– via newspapers.com. 7459:. May 13, 1914. p. 8. 7428:. May 12, 1914. p. 4. 7318:– via newspapers.com. 7264:. July 3, 1913. p. 7. 7232:– via newspapers.com. 7171:– via newspapers.com. 7141:– via newspapers.com. 7088:– via newspapers.com. 7043:– via newspapers.com. 7000:– via newspapers.com. 6924:– via newspapers.com. 6599:– via newspapers.com. 6531:– via newspapers.com. 6493:– via newspapers.com. 6363:– via newspapers.com. 6294:– via newspapers.com. 6256:– via newspapers.com. 6218:– via newspapers.com. 6162:– via newspapers.com. 6142:. June 3, 1911. p. 7. 6062:– via newspapers.com. 6029:– via newspapers.com. 5979:– via newspapers.com. 5918:– via newspapers.com. 5812:– via newspapers.com. 5683:– via newspapers.com. 5645:– via newspapers.com. 5607:– via newspapers.com. 5543:– via newspapers.com. 5497:– via newspapers.com. 5372:– via newspapers.com. 5354:"Bridge Plans Not Artistic" 5311:– via newspapers.com. 5237:– via newspapers.com. 5041:. May 23, 1907. p. 1. 5020:– via newspapers.com. 4944:– via newspapers.com. 4906:– via newspapers.com. 4814:– via newspapers.com. 4802:. June 3, 1905. p. 2. 4784:– via newspapers.com. 4731:– via newspapers.com. 4719:. May 26, 1905. p. 3. 4671:– via newspapers.com. 4603:– via newspapers.com. 4264:– via newspapers.com. 4203:– via newspapers.com. 4165:– via newspapers.com. 4082:– via newspapers.com. 4052:– via newspapers.com. 4040:. July 2, 1903. p. 6. 4019:– via newspapers.com. 3943:– via newspapers.com. 3880:– via newspapers.com. 3793:– via newspapers.com. 3755:– via newspapers.com. 3577:– via newspapers.com. 3484:– via newspapers.com. 3451:– via newspapers.com. 3431:. May 5, 1900. p. 16. 3288:– via newspapers.com. 3206:– via newspapers.com. 3081:– via newspapers.com. 2834:– via newspapers.com. 2649:About $ 210 million in 2023 2640:About $ 107 million in 2023 2622:About $ 358 million in 2023 2613:About $ 195 million in 2023 2586:About $ 428 million in 2023 2577:About $ 606 million in 2023 2568:About $ 479 million in 2023 2559:About $ 166 million in 2023 2378: 2206:In 2004, Joe Greenstein of 2076:NH's electrification system 1952:, where it merges with the 1877: 1870:. The passenger tracks are 1172:Triborough (now RFK) Bridge 569: 123:Randall's and Wards Islands 10: 17547: 17521:Randalls and Wards Islands 16420: 15994:– via newspapers.com 13694:Hopkins, Henry J. (1970). 11403:– via newspapers.com 11266:. Beard Books. p. 4. 10715:– via newspapers.com 10559:– via newspapers.com 8968:"New York a Way Station". 8161:– via newspapers.com 7448:– via newspapers.com 7209:– via newspapers.com 6470:– via newspapers.com 6439:– via newspapers.com 6131:– via newspapers.com 5948:– via newspapers.com 5721:– via newspapers.com 5584:– via newspapers.com 5471:"Big House on Its Travels" 5466:– via newspapers.com 5349:– via newspapers.com 5092:– via newspapers.com 5061:– via newspapers.com 4883:– via newspapers.com 4397:– via newspapers.com 4294:– via newspapers.com 4241:– via newspapers.com 4142:– via newspapers.com 3996:– via newspapers.com 3956:The Street Railway Journal 3472:. May 4, 1900. p. 1. 3306:. May 6, 1900. p. 1. 3111:– via newspapers.com 2685:About $ 26 million in 2023 2667:About $ 82 million in 2023 2631:About $ 24 million in 2023 2595:About $ 46 million in 2023 2331:Queens Chamber of Commerce 2048:New York State Legislature 2023:Providence & Worcester 1973:1964 New York World's Fair 1912:Arch bridge over Hell Gate 1822:tracks, which are part of 1295:detour to upstate New York 1185:Port of New York Authority 1106: 937:Bridge under construction 644:New York State Legislature 452:Randalls and Wards Islands 430:) is a railroad bridge in 210:1,017 ft (310 m) 17481:Bridges completed in 1916 17431: 17416: 17407: 17402: 17352: 17343: 17333: 17328: 17264: 17154: 17098: 17089: 17037: 16992: 16789: 16782: 16738: 16733:Links to related articles 16526:Cook, Richard J. (1987). 15999:"New Haven Railroad Plan" 13657:"Personal and Impersonal" 12256:"Bridge OK, Vallone told" 9398:"Great Link Is Acclaimed" 8546:St. Louis Post – Dispatch 6268:"Huge Span Ready in 1914" 6230:"Huge Span Ready in 1914" 5892:"The Connecting Railroad" 5657:"The Connecting Railroad" 4857:"P. R. R. Gets Franchise" 4246:"Pennsylvania Bridge Now" 4177:"Hell Gate's Great Spans" 3925:"Work on Connecting Road" 3741:"Transportation Problems" 3262:"Railway Connecting Link" 2373:New York Botanical Garden 2147: 1605: 1120:longest steel arch bridge 1063:not be constructed using 696:New York Central Railroad 588:continental United States 523:longest steel arch bridge 416: 411: 393: 385: 377: 367: 355: 345: 335: 330: 326:(Northeast Corridor only) 314: 302: 266: 229: 224: 220:135 ft (41.1 m) 214: 206: 202:100 ft (30.5 m) 198: 190: 182: 156: 151: 143: 133: 113: 95: 81: 42: 30: 23: 17358:Robert F. Kennedy Bridge 17292:MTA New York City Subway 16612:Middleton, W.D. (1996). 16583:(HAER) No. NY-88, " 16140:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 15977:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 15973:"New Haven Denies Rumor" 14591:Railway Age Gazette 1914 14579:Railway Age Gazette 1915 14500:Railway Age Gazette 1914 14483:Railway Age Gazette 1915 14326:Railway Age Gazette 1914 14166:Railway Age Gazette 1914 14020:Railway Age Gazette 1914 13958:Railway Age Gazette 1914 13661:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 10693:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 10568:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 10312:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9843:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9775:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9508:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9470:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9197:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 9155:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8810:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8587:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 8139:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7763:Railway Age Gazette 1915 7648:Railway Age Gazette 1915 7604:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7551:Railway Age Gazette 1915 7536:Railway Age Gazette 1915 7500:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7426:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7248:Railway Age Gazette 1914 7187:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 7183:"Bridge Work to Proceed" 6978:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6954:Railway Age Gazette 1914 6509:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6505:"P. R. R. Bridge Awards" 6341:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6272:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6234:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6140:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6044:"Hell Gate Bridge Begun" 5957:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5896:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5790:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5699:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5695:"Connecting Bridge Plan" 5661:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5623:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5562:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5475:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5327:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5289:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 5070:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4922:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4649:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4458:Railway Age Gazette 1914 4375:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4219:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4181:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 4038:The Port Chester Journal 3974:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3771:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3555:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3266:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3184:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3059:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2812:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2405: 2276:Cross-Harbor Rail Tunnel 1813: 1313:and U.S. representative 1164:Robert F. Kennedy Bridge 1053:Steelwork and completion 847:. The arch would have a 845:Municipal Art Commission 826:was delayed because the 788:New York City government 775:The Port Chester Journal 17287:MTA Bridges and Tunnels 16636:The Bridges of New York 16228:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 15705:New York Herald Tribune 15382:New York Herald Tribune 13751:New York Herald Tribune 13728:Engineering News-Record 13409:White River Productions 13404:Passenger Train Journal 11988:"Fear death from above" 11084:New York Herald Tribune 11036:New York Herald Tribune 10850:New York Herald Tribune 10511:New York Herald Tribune 10450:The Wall Street Journal 10278:New York Herald Tribune 10015:The Wall Street Journal 9338:New York Herald Tribune 8627:The Wall Street Journal 8514:"More Hell Gate Trains" 7851:The Wall Street Journal 7362:The Wall Street Journal 7296:The Wall Street Journal 7262:The Wall Street Journal 6756:New York Herald Tribune 6577:The Wall Street Journal 6448:The Wall Street Journal 6007:The Wall Street Journal 5250:The Wall Street Journal 4972:The Wall Street Journal 4371:"Now Goes to the Mayor" 3854:"Belt Around Manhattan" 2890:New York Herald Tribune 2808:"A Connecting Railroad" 2352:Orange Is the New Black 2200:Engineering News-Record 1818:The bridge carries two 1652:Little Hell Gate Bridge 1479:Queens approach viaduct 1323:Daniel Patrick Moynihan 977:American Bridge Company 751:Greenville, Jersey City 399:; 107 years ago 372:American Bridge Company 362:American Bridge Company 16:Bridge in New York City 16639:. Dover Publications. 16633:Reier, Sharon (2012). 16457:10.1061/taceat.0002862 16439:Ammann, O. H. (1918). 16071:. September 29, 1912. 15760:The American Architect 15494:Bradley, R.P. (1985). 14348:. September 24, 2014. 13621:April 5, 2022, at the 10951:"Hell Gate Brim Stony" 9541:. September 16, 1924. 8901:. September 17, 1924. 8228:The Buffalo Commercial 7919:Democrat and Chronicle 6617:. September 22, 1912. 5732:. September 26, 1909. 5593:Press and Sun-Bulletin 4994:"To Get Its Franchise" 2227: 2187:The American Architect 2065:New Haven, Connecticut 1771: 1698: 1677:Hell Gate was never a 1661: 1558: 1449:Bronx approach viaduct 1358: 1340:United States Congress 1285: 1211: 1167: 1016:New York Supreme Court 982:Carnegie Steel Company 877: 704:South Brooklyn Railway 667:waterways, connecting 628:Grand Central Terminal 539:bowstring truss bridge 17202:Downtown Hudson Tubes 16257:spectrumlocalnews.com 15331:. December 31, 1925. 14840:The Reporter Dispatch 14470:, pp. 1660–1661. 14238:, pp. 1679–1680. 14211:, pp. 1677–1678. 13787:. December 14, 1961. 13212:spectrumlocalnews.com 12659:on September 17, 2021 10998:. December 20, 1951. 10066:. February 26, 1926. 9925:. November 13, 1925. 9693:. February 16, 1925. 9061:Greenpoint Daily Star 7390:. November 21, 1913. 6874:. November 10, 1912. 6733:Concrete – Cement Age 6693:. November 16, 1918. 5868:. February 27, 1910. 5035:"World Record Bridge" 4100:. February 10, 1903. 3727:, pp. 1654–1656. 3093:"New Bridge Proposed" 2852:. September 9, 1910. 2771:"Engineering History" 2357:Under Hellgate Bridge 2329:drew a cover for the 2296:Sydney Harbour Bridge 2225: 1954:Long Island Rail Road 1788:three-centered arches 1766: 1696: 1660:Little Hell Gate span 1659: 1556: 1524:New York Penn Station 1473:Hell Gate (main) span 1467:Little Hell Gate span 1363:Municipal Art Society 1356: 1280: 1209: 1161: 875: 858:Palmer and Hornbostel 700:Long Island Rail Road 592:Pennsylvania Railroad 559:Sydney Harbour Bridge 491:Pennsylvania Railroad 66:40.78250°N 73.92194°W 17496:Bridges in the Bronx 17486:Bridges in Manhattan 17339:Rikers Island Bridge 16924:Queensboro (Ed Koch) 15639:. November 6, 1945. 15359:The Hartford Courant 15059:. December 9, 2022. 14703:. February 1, 2004. 13812:The Hartford Courant 13558:The Herald Statesman 13427:on December 25, 2022 13241:on November 20, 2023 13129:. February 8, 2010. 10765:. 1994. p. 3.25 10726:. December 1, 1934. 10247:The Hartford Courant 9887:. October 22, 1925. 9579:. October 15, 1924. 9273:The Brooklyn Citizen 9096:. December 7, 1924. 8993:The Hartford Courant 8050:. February 8, 1917. 7954:. October 15, 1916. 7885:The Hartford Courant 7101:The Hartford Courant 6784:. January 16, 1943. 6549:. February 3, 1912. 5765:The Hartford Courant 4800:The Brooklyn Citizen 4770:The Brooklyn Citizen 4151:The Brooklyn Citizen 3929:The Brooklyn Citizen 3023:. February 7, 1899. 2524:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2511:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2333:'s monthly magazine 2272:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2226:The main span's deck 1942:Metro-North Railroad 1786:at 31st Street, and 1780:New York City Subway 1598:Eight stringers, or 1426:Metro-North Railroad 1420:, in the 2020s, the 1401:September 11 attacks 1335:United States Senate 1252:filed for bankruptcy 1144:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 1014:In November 1912, a 886:Pennsylvania Station 727:drew up plans for a 586:and the rest of the 225:Rail characteristics 17360:(Triborough Bridge) 17252:Uptown Hudson Tubes 16909:Park Avenue Viaduct 16772:Bridges and tunnels 16501:Railway Age Gazette 16474:Railway Age Gazette 16395:New York Daily News 15787:New York Daily News 15736:Cincinnati Enquirer 15145:New York Daily News 15007:on January 23, 2019 14885:New York Daily News 14593:, pp. 891–892. 14168:, pp. 890–891. 14034:Railway Age Gazette 14022:, pp. 888–889. 13628:The Literary Digest 13349:on December 8, 2022 13070:New York Daily News 12908:New York Daily News 12846:New York Daily News 12759:New York Daily News 12545:New York Daily News 12541:"Re-covered Bridge" 12342:New York Daily News 12260:New York Daily News 12221:New York Daily News 12118:New York Daily News 11992:New York Daily News 11953:New York Daily News 11915:New York Daily News 11876:New York Daily News 11837:New York Daily News 11718:New York Daily News 11676:New York Daily News 11559:. pp. 19, 23. 11487:. 2004. p. 10. 10955:New York Daily News 10786:The Washington Post 10608:. August 26, 1933. 9815:. October 1, 1925. 9303:New York Daily News 9235:New York Daily News 8970:Railway Age Gazette 8753:The Washington Post 8730:Cincinnati Enquirer 8167:Railway Age Gazette 7987:Railway Age Gazette 7828:Railway Age Gazette 7553:, pp. 423–424. 7538:, pp. 422–423. 7250:, pp. 889–890. 6655:. October 6, 1912. 6175:Railway Age Gazette 6136:"To Span Hell Gate" 6075:The Washington Post 5098:The Washington Post 3675:Scientific American 3551:"No Low Drawbridge" 3227:. January 3, 1899. 2537:Railway Age Gazette 2496:figures follow the 2316:McKees Rocks Bridge 2312:Newcastle upon Tyne 2287:Influence and media 2280:Railway Age Gazette 2103:Fees and surcharges 1981:Penn Station Access 1962:Meadowlands station 1950:Harold Interlocking 1868:U.S. standard gauge 1743:(now the one-track 1418:Penn Station Access 1232:Operation Pastorius 1102:Operational history 771:United States Steel 743:Bay Ridge, Brooklyn 612:North River Tunnels 532:The main span is a 164:Through arch bridge 71:40.78250; -73.92194 62: / 16964:Verrazzano-Narrows 16959:University Heights 16797:Alexander Hamilton 16618:. Kalmbach Books. 16335:The New York Times 16069:The New York Times 15892:The New York Times 15820:The New York Times 15637:The New York Times 15329:The New York Times 15212:The New York Times 14941:The New York Times 14771:The New York Times 14701:The New York Times 14644:Moody, J. (1926). 14381:. April 16, 1995. 14379:The New York Times 14276:Structure magazine 13986:. August 1, 1915. 13984:The New York Times 13910:The New York Times 13851:. March 30, 2017. 13785:The New York Times 13477:The New York Times 13453:. December 9, 2022 12819:The New York Times 12732:The New York Times 12507:The New York Times 12472:The New York Times 12445:Mount Vernon Argus 12304:The New York Times 12191:The New York Times 12076:The New York Times 11757:The New York Times 11637:The New York Times 11595:The New York Times 11529:. pp. 7, 28. 11500:The New York Times 11413:The New York Times 11348:The New York Times 11235:Mount Vernon Argus 11110:The New York Times 10996:The New York Times 10877:The New York Times 10724:The New York Times 10606:The New York Times 10476:The New York Times 10352:. April 15, 1927. 10350:The New York Times 10165:. March 26, 1926. 10163:The New York Times 10127:. March 25, 1926. 10125:The New York Times 10064:The New York Times 9923:The New York Times 9885:The New York Times 9813:The New York Times 9691:The New York Times 9577:The New York Times 9539:The New York Times 9402:The New York Times 9366:. March 25, 1927. 9364:The New York Times 9231:"New Auto Bridge?" 9094:The New York Times 8899:The New York Times 8662:The New York Times 8490:. April 18, 1917. 8488:The New York Times 8452:. April 12, 1917. 8450:The New York Times 8382:. April 29, 1939. 8344:. March 31, 1917. 8342:The New York Times 8281:The New York Times 8111:. March 10, 1917. 8109:The New York Times 8048:The New York Times 7952:The New York Times 7453:"Long Island News" 7388:The New York Times 6872:The New York Times 6829:The New York Times 6782:The New York Times 6691:The New York Times 6653:The New York Times 6615:The New York Times 6547:The New York Times 6417:The New York Times 6413:"Hell Gate Bridge" 6381:. March 19, 1911. 6379:The New York Times 6109:The New York Times 6105:"Hell Gate Bridge" 5866:The New York Times 5830:. August 8, 1909. 5828:The New York Times 5730:The New York Times 5416:. March 29, 1909. 5414:The New York Times 5185:The New York Times 4717:The Standard Union 4687:The New York Times 4621:. April 11, 1905. 4619:The New York Times 4479:Boston Daily Globe 4337:The New York Times 4280:The Standard Union 4098:The New York Times 3901:. April 12, 1902. 3899:The New York Times 3399:The New York Times 3363:. April 24, 1900. 3361:The New York Times 3225:The New York Times 3143:The New York Times 3097:The Standard Union 3021:The New York Times 2928:The New York Times 2850:The New York Times 2775:Structure magazine 2343:and the 1991 film 2253:The New York Times 2228: 2160:The New York Times 2153:Critical reception 1932:Northeast Regional 1828:Northeast Corridor 1772: 1741:Port Morris Branch 1737:helper locomotives 1712:bascule drawbridge 1699: 1679:navigable waterway 1662: 1559: 1491:to the north with 1374:approach viaduct. 1359: 1327:The New York Times 1286: 1212: 1168: 1166:'s suspension span 878: 721:Theodore Roosevelt 679:required that the 620:Northeast Corridor 616:East River Tunnels 600:Port Morris, Bronx 456:steel through arch 448:Port Morris, Bronx 440:Northeast Corridor 397:March 9, 1917 378:Construction start 86:Northeast Corridor 17453: 17452: 17447: 17446: 17442: 17441: 17383: 17382: 17378: 17377: 17320:Crossings of the 17312: 17311: 17260: 17259: 17085: 17084: 17033: 17032: 16869:Joseph P. Addabbo 16859:Greenpoint Avenue 16842:George Washington 16666:978-1-4671-2419-5 16646:978-0-486-13705-6 16625:978-0-89024-177-6 16604:978-0-253-02799-3 16369:Los Angeles Times 16125:, pp. 49–50. 15822:. July 15, 1990. 15507:978-0-7137-1718-1 14943:. June 26, 2002. 14773:. April 7, 1991. 14422:. July 11, 2006. 13912:. July 12, 1936. 13320:Spectrum News NY1 12821:. April 8, 2001. 11389:The Standard-Star 11273:978-1-893122-08-6 11112:. July 20, 1955. 10636:The Standard-Star 10478:. June 21, 1928. 9404:. July 12, 1936. 8283:. April 2, 1917. 5187:. June 23, 1907. 4339:. June 24, 1904. 4128:The Evening World 3145:. March 4, 1898. 2547:Inflation figures 2411:Explanatory notes 2238:Alexander Cassatt 2072:overhead catenary 1966:Empire Connection 1923:and are used for 1718:Approach viaducts 1513:David B. Steinman 1505:Gustav Lindenthal 1405:Peter Vallone Jr. 1311:Peter Vallone Sr. 1031:Pier construction 971:Initial contracts 854:Gustav Lindenthal 800:Gustav Lindenthal 759:Fremont Secondary 733:suspension bridge 729:cantilever bridge 717:Bushwick Junction 515:David B. Steinman 507:Gustav Lindenthal 503:cantilever bridge 420: 419: 350:Gustav Lindenthal 175:(Bronx Kill span) 17538: 17419:Hell Gate Bridge 17413:Honeymoon Bridge 17405: 17387: 17386: 17374: 17368: 17345:Hell Gate Bridge 17331: 17316: 17315: 17222:Lexington Avenue 17217:Joralemon Street 17197:Cranberry Street 17096: 17095: 17042: 17041: 16939:Roosevelt Island 16817:Bronx–Whitestone 16787: 16786: 16765: 16758: 16751: 16742: 16741: 16729: 16728: 16717:Hell Gate Bridge 16706: 16680: 16670: 16650: 16629: 16608: 16577: 16555: 16554: 16550: 16541: 16517: 16516: 16512: 16490: 16489: 16485: 16468: 16435: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16409: 16386: 16380: 16379: 16377: 16375: 16360: 16354: 16353: 16351: 16349: 16326: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16315: 16309:Queens Chronicle 16300: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16289: 16283:Queens Chronicle 16279:"'QUEENS LOGIC'" 16274: 16268: 16267: 16265: 16263: 16248: 16239: 16238: 16236: 16234: 16219: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16208: 16193: 16182: 16181: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16154: 16132: 16126: 16120: 16114: 16113: 16111: 16109: 16094: 16088: 16087: 16085: 16083: 16061: 16055: 16054: 16052: 16050: 16036:New-York Tribune 16028: 16022: 16021: 16019: 16017: 16003:New-York Tribune 15995: 15993: 15991: 15969: 15963: 15962: 15960: 15958: 15943: 15937: 15936: 15934: 15932: 15917: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15906: 15883: 15874: 15873: 15857: 15851: 15845: 15839: 15838: 15836: 15834: 15812: 15806: 15805: 15803: 15801: 15778: 15772: 15771: 15754: 15748: 15747: 15731: 15725: 15724: 15700: 15685: 15679: 15678: 15662: 15656: 15655: 15653: 15651: 15629: 15623: 15622: 15606: 15600: 15599: 15583: 15574: 15573: 15557: 15551: 15548:Railway Age 1918 15545: 15539: 15538: 15521: 15512: 15511: 15491: 15485: 15484: 15468: 15462: 15461: 15459: 15457: 15444: 15438: 15437: 15435: 15433: 15420: 15414: 15408: 15402: 15401: 15377: 15354: 15348: 15347: 15345: 15343: 15321: 15298: 15292: 15291: 15275: 15269: 15263: 15254: 15253: 15237: 15231: 15230: 15228: 15226: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15192: 15177: 15168: 15167: 15165: 15163: 15136: 15113: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15102: 15082: 15073: 15072: 15070: 15068: 15049: 15043: 15042: 15040: 15038: 15023: 15017: 15016: 15014: 15012: 15003:. Archived from 14992: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14981: 14976:. September 2009 14966: 14960: 14959: 14957: 14955: 14933: 14927: 14926: 14910: 14904: 14903: 14901: 14899: 14876: 14870: 14869: 14862: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14832: 14826: 14825: 14823: 14821: 14801: 14795: 14794: 14792: 14790: 14763: 14757: 14756: 14754: 14752: 14746: 14739: 14731: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14720: 14693: 14687: 14686: 14670: 14664: 14663: 14661: 14659: 14641: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14630: 14624: 14618:. January 2016. 14613: 14605: 14594: 14588: 14582: 14576: 14567: 14566: 14564: 14562: 14539: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14528: 14509: 14503: 14497: 14486: 14480: 14471: 14465: 14459: 14458: 14442: 14436: 14435: 14433: 14431: 14412: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14398: 14371: 14365: 14364: 14359: 14357: 14338: 14329: 14323: 14292: 14291: 14289: 14287: 14267: 14256: 14250: 14239: 14233: 14227: 14221: 14212: 14206: 14200: 14199: 14175: 14169: 14163: 14154: 14148: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14132: 14114: 14108: 14102: 14089: 14088: 14082: 14074: 14072: 14070: 14052: 14046: 14045: 14029: 14023: 14017: 14008: 14007: 14005: 14003: 13976: 13961: 13955: 13934: 13933: 13931: 13929: 13902: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13891: 13871: 13865: 13864: 13862: 13860: 13841: 13832: 13831: 13807: 13806: 13804: 13777: 13771: 13770: 13746: 13740: 13739: 13723: 13702: 13701: 13691: 13685: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13653: 13647: 13641: 13632: 13612: 13603: 13597: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13569: 13550: 13541: 13540: 13521:New-York Tribune 13516: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13469: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13458: 13443: 13437: 13436: 13434: 13432: 13423:. Archived from 13421:DNAinfo New York 13412: 13411:. pp. 10–11 13398: 13392: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13368: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13354: 13345:. Archived from 13343:DNAinfo New York 13335: 13333: 13331: 13311: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13300: 13295:on March 8, 2024 13291:. Archived from 13289:DNAinfo New York 13280: 13279: 13277: 13257: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13237:. Archived from 13235:DNAinfo New York 13226: 13225: 13223: 13203: 13202: 13200: 13180: 13174: 13173: 13171: 13169: 13158:Queens Chronicle 13149: 13143: 13142: 13140: 13138: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13105:Queens Gazette – 13096: 13090: 13089: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13003: 12997: 12996: 12985:The Journal News 12980: 12974: 12968: 12959: 12958: 12956: 12954: 12943:Queens Chronicle 12934: 12928: 12927: 12903: 12897: 12896: 12894: 12892: 12881:Queens Chronicle 12872: 12866: 12865: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12811: 12805: 12804: 12793:The Journal News 12788: 12779: 12778: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12723: 12717: 12716: 12700: 12694: 12693: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12664: 12655:. Archived from 12653:DNAinfo New York 12644: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12628:on March 8, 2024 12624:. Archived from 12622:DNAinfo New York 12613: 12604: 12598: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12564: 12537: 12531: 12530: 12528: 12526: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12467: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12437: 12428: 12427: 12403: 12397: 12396: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12361: 12334: 12328: 12327: 12325: 12323: 12295: 12284: 12283: 12281: 12279: 12251: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12240: 12213: 12212: 12210: 12183: 12177: 12176: 12174: 12172: 12153: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12137: 12109: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12067: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12045: 12025: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11983: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11945: 11939: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11906: 11900: 11899: 11897: 11895: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11828: 11819: 11818: 11794: 11781: 11780: 11778: 11776: 11748: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11737: 11709: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11667: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11656: 11628: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11586: 11577: 11576: 11552: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11518: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11479: 11468: 11467: 11443: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11432: 11404: 11402: 11400: 11381: 11372: 11371: 11369: 11367: 11339: 11316: 11305: 11299: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11227: 11218: 11217: 11193: 11187: 11181: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11150: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11102: 11079: 11064: 11055: 11054: 11031: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11015: 10988: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10946: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10921:Queens Chronicle 10912: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10896: 10868: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10822: 10812: 10806: 10805: 10781: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10757: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10743: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10685: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10598: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10560: 10558: 10556: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10506: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10468: 10445: 10439: 10438: 10422: 10411: 10405: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10391: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10331: 10304: 10298: 10297: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10242: 10233: 10232: 10208: 10185: 10184: 10182: 10155: 10149: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10117: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10056: 10033: 10010: 10004: 10003: 9979: 9956: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9915: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9877: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9805: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9767: 9761: 9760: 9744: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9683: 9660: 9654: 9653: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9531: 9529: 9527: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9356: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9295: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9147: 9124: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9069: 9058: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9019: 9013: 9012: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8965: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8932: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8891: 8868: 8855: 8852:Railway Age 1918 8849: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8771: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8695: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8622: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8556: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8480: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8419: 8418: 8402: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8334: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8273: 8255:New-York Tribune 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8224:"Over New Route" 8220: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8188: 8179: 8178: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8101: 8083:New-York Tribune 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8040: 8022:New-York Tribune 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7944: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7911: 7905: 7904: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7823: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7786:New-York Tribune 7777: 7766: 7760: 7747: 7746: 7730: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7664: 7651: 7645: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7596: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7567:"Queens Borough" 7563: 7554: 7548: 7539: 7533: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7492: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7380: 7357: 7351: 7350: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7119: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7066: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7021: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6970: 6957: 6951: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6864: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6831:. July 6, 1913. 6821: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6774: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6728: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6333: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6196: 6187: 6186: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6040: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5820: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5783: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5554: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5513:New-York Tribune 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5406: 5388:New-York Tribune 5383: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5281: 5270: 5269: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5215:New-York Tribune 5207: 5206: 5204: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5134:Railroad Gazette 5129: 5118: 5117: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5039:New-York Tribune 5031: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 4998:New-York Tribune 4990: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4861:New-York Tribune 4853: 4847: 4846: 4827:New-York Tribune 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4762: 4744:New-York Tribune 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4689:. May 26, 1905. 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4581:New-York Tribune 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4538: 4532: 4521: 4515: 4506: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4474: 4461: 4455: 4438: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4403:New-York Tribune 4398: 4396: 4394: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4300:New-York Tribune 4295: 4293: 4291: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3966: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3858:New-York Tribune 3850: 3841: 3840: 3821:New-York Tribune 3816: 3810: 3804: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3737: 3728: 3722: 3713: 3712: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3670: 3652:New-York Tribune 3647: 3641: 3640: 3621:New-York Tribune 3616: 3610: 3609: 3590:New-York Tribune 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3521:New-York Tribune 3516: 3507: 3501: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3462: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3429:New-York Tribune 3421: 3420: 3418: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3353: 3335:New-York Tribune 3330: 3324: 3323: 3304:New-York Tribune 3299: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3258: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3217: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3135: 3117:New-York Tribune 3112: 3110: 3108: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3013: 2995:New-York Tribune 2990: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2919: 2910: 2909: 2885: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2804: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2766: 2729: 2728: 2706: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2520: 2514: 2507: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2470: 2435: 2424: 2248:New-York Tribune 2177:New-York Tribune 2140:Little Hell Gate 2137: 2134: 2124: 2080:upgrade the line 2029:in the Bronx to 2019:Canadian Pacific 1986:East Side Access 1909: 1895: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1517:Henry Hornbostel 1501:Little Hell Gate 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1394:2000s to present 1189:Long Island City 1132:Colonial Express 1089: 1088: 1084: 1060:locomotive crane 963: 960: 954: 943: 940: 934: 833:Frank W. Higgins 763:Bay Ridge Branch 738:upstate New York 725:Alfred P. Boller 661:Little Hell Gate 556: 519:Henry Hornbostel 426:(originally the 424:Hell Gate Bridge 407: 405: 400: 386:Construction end 358: 340:Henry Hornbostel 321:12.5 kV 60 Hz AC 298: 292: 288: 286: 285: 281: 278: 232: 117:New York City; ( 104:Little Hell Gate 77: 76: 74: 73: 72: 67: 63: 60: 59: 58: 55: 35: 25:Hell Gate Bridge 21: 20: 17546: 17545: 17541: 17540: 17539: 17537: 17536: 17535: 17476:Astoria, Queens 17456: 17455: 17454: 17449: 17448: 17443: 17435: 17422: 17411: 17398: 17392:World's longest 17384: 17379: 17369: 17363: 17361: 17356: 17347: 17341: 17337: 17324: 17313: 17308: 17256: 17227:Montague Street 17150: 17091: 17081: 17038:Pedestrian only 17029: 16988: 16778: 16769: 16734: 16713: 16678: 16667: 16653: 16647: 16626: 16611: 16605: 16552: 16538: 16514: 16487: 16423: 16418: 16417: 16407: 16405: 16397:. p. 854. 16387: 16383: 16373: 16371: 16361: 16357: 16347: 16345: 16327: 16323: 16313: 16311: 16301: 16297: 16287: 16285: 16275: 16271: 16261: 16259: 16249: 16242: 16232: 16230: 16220: 16216: 16206: 16204: 16194: 16185: 16167: 16166: 16162: 16152: 16150: 16134: 16133: 16129: 16123:Greenstein 2004 16121: 16117: 16107: 16105: 16096: 16095: 16091: 16081: 16079: 16063: 16062: 16058: 16048: 16046: 16030: 16029: 16025: 16015: 16013: 15997: 15989: 15987: 15971: 15970: 15966: 15956: 15954: 15945: 15944: 15940: 15930: 15928: 15919: 15918: 15914: 15904: 15902: 15884: 15877: 15858: 15854: 15848:Greenstein 2004 15846: 15842: 15832: 15830: 15814: 15813: 15809: 15799: 15797: 15789:. p. 216. 15779: 15775: 15755: 15751: 15733: 15732: 15728: 15702: 15687: 15686: 15682: 15664: 15663: 15659: 15649: 15647: 15631: 15630: 15626: 15608: 15607: 15603: 15585: 15584: 15577: 15559: 15558: 15554: 15550:, p. 1368. 15546: 15542: 15523: 15522: 15515: 15508: 15492: 15488: 15469: 15465: 15455: 15453: 15446: 15445: 15441: 15431: 15429: 15422: 15421: 15417: 15409: 15405: 15379: 15356: 15355: 15351: 15341: 15339: 15323: 15300: 15299: 15295: 15277: 15276: 15272: 15264: 15257: 15238: 15234: 15224: 15222: 15204: 15200: 15190: 15188: 15178: 15171: 15161: 15159: 15147:. pp. 26, 15115: 15114: 15110: 15100: 15098: 15083: 15076: 15066: 15064: 15051: 15050: 15046: 15036: 15034: 15024: 15020: 15010: 15008: 14993: 14989: 14979: 14977: 14968: 14967: 14963: 14953: 14951: 14935: 14934: 14930: 14911: 14907: 14897: 14895: 14887:. p. 242. 14877: 14873: 14864: 14863: 14859: 14849: 14847: 14834: 14833: 14829: 14819: 14817: 14812:. p. 151. 14802: 14798: 14788: 14786: 14765: 14764: 14760: 14750: 14748: 14744: 14737: 14733: 14732: 14728: 14718: 14716: 14695: 14694: 14690: 14671: 14667: 14657: 14655: 14642: 14638: 14628: 14626: 14622: 14611: 14607: 14606: 14597: 14589: 14585: 14577: 14570: 14560: 14558: 14541: 14540: 14536: 14526: 14524: 14511: 14510: 14506: 14498: 14489: 14481: 14474: 14466: 14462: 14444: 14443: 14439: 14429: 14427: 14414: 14413: 14406: 14396: 14394: 14373: 14372: 14368: 14355: 14353: 14340: 14339: 14332: 14324: 14295: 14285: 14283: 14268: 14259: 14255:, p. 1682. 14251: 14242: 14234: 14230: 14226:, p. 1679. 14222: 14215: 14207: 14203: 14177: 14176: 14172: 14164: 14157: 14153:, p. 1678. 14149: 14140: 14130: 14128: 14115: 14111: 14107:, p. 1651. 14103: 14092: 14076: 14075: 14068: 14066: 14053: 14049: 14031: 14030: 14026: 14018: 14011: 14001: 13999: 13978: 13977: 13964: 13956: 13937: 13927: 13925: 13904: 13903: 13899: 13889: 13887: 13872: 13868: 13858: 13856: 13843: 13842: 13835: 13809: 13802: 13800: 13779: 13778: 13774: 13748: 13747: 13743: 13725: 13724: 13705: 13692: 13688: 13678: 13676: 13655: 13654: 13650: 13646:, p. 1660. 13642: 13635: 13623:Wayback Machine 13613: 13606: 13602:, p. 1661. 13598: 13577: 13567: 13565: 13552: 13551: 13544: 13518: 13517: 13504: 13494: 13492: 13470: 13466: 13456: 13454: 13445: 13444: 13440: 13430: 13428: 13399: 13395: 13386: 13384: 13369: 13362: 13352: 13350: 13329: 13327: 13312: 13308: 13298: 13296: 13275: 13273: 13258: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13221: 13219: 13198: 13196: 13181: 13177: 13167: 13165: 13150: 13146: 13136: 13134: 13121: 13114: 13112: 13097: 13093: 13066: 13062: 13052: 13050: 13035: 13031: 13021: 13019: 13004: 13000: 12987:. p. A.1. 12981: 12977: 12971:Greenstein 2004 12969: 12962: 12952: 12950: 12935: 12931: 12904: 12900: 12890: 12888: 12873: 12869: 12836: 12834: 12813: 12812: 12808: 12795:. p. B.1. 12789: 12782: 12749: 12747: 12724: 12720: 12701: 12697: 12681:Trains Magazine 12676: 12672: 12662: 12660: 12645: 12641: 12631: 12629: 12614: 12607: 12601:Greenstein 2004 12599: 12572: 12562: 12560: 12539: 12538: 12534: 12524: 12522: 12499: 12495: 12469: 12468: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12439: 12438: 12431: 12404: 12400: 12373: 12369: 12359: 12357: 12336: 12335: 12331: 12321: 12319: 12296: 12287: 12277: 12275: 12262:. p. 221. 12252: 12248: 12238: 12236: 12215: 12208: 12206: 12185: 12184: 12180: 12170: 12168: 12155: 12154: 12145: 12135: 12133: 12120:. p. 302. 12110: 12103: 12093: 12091: 12068: 12053: 12043: 12041: 12026: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11994:. p. 287. 11984: 11980: 11970: 11968: 11947: 11946: 11942: 11932: 11930: 11917:. p. 386. 11907: 11903: 11893: 11891: 11878:. p. 370. 11868: 11864: 11854: 11852: 11839:. p. 897. 11829: 11822: 11796: 11795: 11784: 11774: 11772: 11749: 11745: 11735: 11733: 11720:. p. 313. 11710: 11703: 11693: 11691: 11668: 11664: 11654: 11652: 11629: 11622: 11612: 11610: 11587: 11580: 11553: 11546: 11536: 11534: 11496: 11492: 11481: 11480: 11471: 11444: 11440: 11430: 11428: 11398: 11396: 11383: 11382: 11375: 11365: 11363: 11317: 11308: 11300: 11293: 11283: 11281: 11274: 11258: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11229: 11228: 11221: 11198:Chicago Tribune 11194: 11190: 11182: 11178: 11168: 11166: 11151: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11104: 11081: 11066: 11065: 11058: 11033: 11032: 11023: 11013: 11011: 10990: 10989: 10982: 10972: 10970: 10957:. p. 412. 10947: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10913: 10904: 10894: 10892: 10847: 10846: 10842: 10835: 10813: 10809: 10783: 10782: 10778: 10768: 10766: 10759: 10758: 10751: 10741: 10739: 10718: 10710: 10708: 10687: 10667:Chicago Tribune 10664: 10663: 10659: 10649: 10647: 10623: 10621: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10562: 10554: 10552: 10539: 10538: 10534: 10508: 10507: 10503: 10493: 10491: 10470: 10447: 10446: 10442: 10424: 10423: 10414: 10406: 10399: 10389: 10387: 10374: 10367: 10365: 10344: 10343: 10339: 10329: 10327: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10275: 10274: 10270: 10244: 10243: 10236: 10210: 10187: 10180: 10178: 10157: 10156: 10152: 10142: 10140: 10119: 10096: 10095: 10091: 10081: 10079: 10058: 10035: 10012: 10011: 10007: 9981: 9958: 9957: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9902: 9900: 9879: 9878: 9874: 9864: 9862: 9837: 9830: 9828: 9807: 9806: 9802: 9792: 9790: 9769: 9768: 9764: 9746: 9723: 9722: 9718: 9708: 9706: 9685: 9662: 9661: 9657: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9616: 9614: 9601: 9594: 9592: 9571: 9570: 9566: 9556: 9554: 9533: 9525: 9523: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9487: 9485: 9464: 9463: 9459: 9449: 9447: 9434: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9417: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9358: 9335: 9334: 9330: 9320: 9318: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9282: 9280: 9267: 9266: 9262: 9252: 9250: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9214: 9212: 9191: 9190: 9186: 9176: 9174: 9149: 9126: 9125: 9121: 9111: 9109: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9056: 9052: 9051: 9047: 9021: 9020: 9016: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8967: 8966: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8934: 8933: 8926: 8916: 8914: 8893: 8870: 8869: 8858: 8854:, p. 1367. 8850: 8837: 8827: 8825: 8804: 8803: 8799: 8773: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8712: 8710: 8697: 8696: 8689: 8679: 8677: 8654: 8650: 8624: 8623: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8558: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8527: 8525: 8512: 8505: 8503: 8482: 8481: 8477: 8467: 8465: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8435:, p. 1657. 8431: 8422: 8403: 8399: 8389: 8387: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8336: 8313: 8312: 8308: 8298: 8296: 8275: 8252: 8251: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8222: 8221: 8214: 8204: 8202: 8190: 8189: 8182: 8164: 8156: 8154: 8133: 8126: 8124: 8103: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8065: 8063: 8042: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8010:, p. 1662. 8006: 8002: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7969: 7967: 7946: 7945: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7882: 7881: 7874: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7825: 7824: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7778: 7769: 7761: 7750: 7732: 7731: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7695: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7666: 7665: 7654: 7646: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7598: 7597: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7565: 7564: 7557: 7549: 7542: 7534: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7494: 7493: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7451: 7443: 7441: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7382: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7290: 7289: 7285: 7259: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7237: 7227: 7225: 7212: 7204: 7202: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7166: 7164: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7121: 7098: 7097: 7093: 7083: 7081: 7074:New York Herald 7068: 7067: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7023: 7022: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6972: 6971: 6960: 6952: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6866: 6865: 6856: 6846: 6844: 6823: 6822: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6776: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6730: 6729: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6571: 6564: 6562: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6473: 6465: 6463: 6442: 6434: 6432: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6394: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6335: 6334: 6299: 6289: 6287: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6251: 6249: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6198: 6197: 6190: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6134: 6126: 6124: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6042: 6041: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5992:, p. 1672. 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5951: 5943: 5941: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5890: 5883: 5881: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5807: 5805: 5785: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5724: 5716: 5714: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5587: 5579: 5577: 5556: 5555: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5469: 5461: 5459: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5408: 5385: 5384: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5352: 5344: 5342: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5283: 5282: 5273: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5209: 5202: 5200: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5153: 5149: 5131: 5130: 5121: 5095: 5087: 5085: 5064: 5056: 5054: 5033: 5032: 5025: 5015: 5013: 4992: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4960:, p. 1656. 4956: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4886: 4878: 4876: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4764: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4711: 4704: 4702: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4643: 4636: 4634: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4566:, p. 1664. 4562: 4558: 4550: 4541: 4537:, pp. 6–7. 4533: 4524: 4520:, p. 1669. 4516: 4509: 4505:, p. 1663. 4501: 4494: 4476: 4475: 4464: 4456: 4441: 4437:, p. 1668. 4433: 4426: 4400: 4392: 4390: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4331: 4330: 4323: 4297: 4289: 4287: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4244: 4236: 4234: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4145: 4137: 4135: 4122: 4115: 4113: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4032: 4031: 4024: 4014: 4012: 3999: 3991: 3989: 3968: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3923: 3916: 3914: 3893: 3892: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3852: 3851: 3844: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3809:, p. 1659. 3805: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3731: 3723: 3716: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3672: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3502: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3464: 3463: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3423: 3416: 3414: 3401:. May 5, 1900. 3393: 3392: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3355: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3301: 3300: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3260: 3259: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3201: 3199: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3137: 3114: 3106: 3104: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3015: 2992: 2991: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2967:. p. 448. 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2920: 2913: 2887: 2886: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2806: 2805: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2767: 2732: 2725: 2707: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2543: 2534: 2530: 2521: 2517: 2508: 2504: 2485: 2483: 2471: 2438: 2425: 2418: 2408: 2403: 2381: 2289: 2220: 2167:Railway Gazette 2155: 2150: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2115: 2105: 2061:Cedar Hill Yard 2043: 2041:Electrification 2031:Fresh Pond Yard 2025:railroads from 2010: 1948:, and south to 1917: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1885: 1880: 1862: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1844:4 ft 1843: 1826:'s electrified 1816: 1757: 1733: 1720: 1704:spread footings 1691: 1689:Bronx Kill span 1666:bowstring truss 1654: 1636: 1608: 1588:two-hinged arch 1568: 1551: 1515:. In addition, 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1455:Bronx Kill span 1452: 1446: 1438: 1396: 1346:had to provide 1275: 1204: 1183:Meanwhile, the 1156: 1154:1920s proposals 1115:Federal Express 1109: 1104: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1055: 1033: 973: 968: 967: 966: 965: 964: 961: 955: 946: 945: 944: 941: 935: 924: 870: 856:and architects 796: 713: 711:Cantilever plan 685:mean high water 681:clearance below 653:John H. Ketcham 636: 572: 567: 534:two-hinged arch 444:Astoria, Queens 403: 401: 398: 356: 304:Structure gauge 294: 290: 283: 279: 276: 274: 273:4 ft 272: 262: 216:Clearance below 178: 152:Characteristics 70: 68: 64: 61: 56: 53: 51: 49: 48: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17544: 17534: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17471:Amtrak bridges 17468: 17451: 17450: 17445: 17444: 17440: 17439: 17437:Bayonne Bridge 17430: 17415: 17403: 17400: 17399: 17381: 17380: 17376: 17375: 17351: 17342: 17329: 17326: 17325: 17310: 17309: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17304: 17297:Port Authority 17294: 17289: 17284: 17279: 17274: 17268: 17266: 17262: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17242:Rutgers Street 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17158: 17156: 17152: 17151: 17149: 17148: 17143: 17141:Spuyten Duyvil 17138: 17133: 17128: 17123: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17102: 17100: 17093: 17087: 17086: 17083: 17082: 17080: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17048: 17046: 17039: 17035: 17034: 17031: 17030: 17028: 17027: 17022: 17020:Queens–Midtown 17017: 17012: 17007: 17002: 16996: 16994: 16990: 16989: 16987: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16899:Marine Parkway 16896: 16891: 16886: 16884:Madison Avenue 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16855: 16854: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16822:Carroll Street 16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16793: 16791: 16784: 16780: 16779: 16768: 16767: 16760: 16753: 16745: 16739: 16736: 16735: 16726: 16725: 16712: 16711:External links 16709: 16708: 16707: 16671: 16665: 16651: 16645: 16630: 16624: 16609: 16603: 16588: 16578: 16561: 16542: 16536: 16523: 16496: 16469: 16436: 16422: 16419: 16416: 16415: 16381: 16355: 16321: 16295: 16269: 16240: 16214: 16183: 16160: 16127: 16115: 16089: 16056: 16023: 15964: 15938: 15912: 15875: 15852: 15840: 15807: 15773: 15749: 15726: 15680: 15657: 15624: 15601: 15575: 15552: 15540: 15513: 15506: 15486: 15463: 15439: 15415: 15413:, p. 399. 15403: 15349: 15293: 15270: 15268:, p. 398. 15255: 15232: 15198: 15169: 15108: 15074: 15044: 15018: 14987: 14961: 14928: 14905: 14871: 14857: 14827: 14806:"Problem Line" 14796: 14758: 14726: 14688: 14665: 14636: 14595: 14583: 14581:, p. 425. 14568: 14534: 14504: 14502:, p. 892. 14487: 14485:, p. 422. 14472: 14460: 14437: 14404: 14366: 14346:BBC Inside Out 14330: 14328:, p. 889. 14293: 14257: 14240: 14228: 14213: 14201: 14170: 14155: 14138: 14109: 14090: 14047: 14024: 14009: 13962: 13960:, p. 888. 13935: 13897: 13866: 13833: 13772: 13741: 13703: 13686: 13648: 13633: 13604: 13575: 13542: 13502: 13464: 13438: 13393: 13360: 13306: 13252: 13175: 13144: 13091: 13060: 13045:. p. 16. 13029: 12998: 12975: 12960: 12929: 12898: 12867: 12806: 12780: 12718: 12695: 12684:. p. 53. 12670: 12639: 12605: 12570: 12532: 12493: 12462: 12429: 12398: 12379:. p. 27. 12367: 12329: 12285: 12246: 12178: 12143: 12101: 12051: 12036:. p. 33. 12017: 11978: 11940: 11901: 11862: 11820: 11782: 11743: 11701: 11678:. p. 99. 11662: 11620: 11578: 11544: 11502:. p. 28. 11490: 11469: 11450:. p. 20. 11438: 11373: 11306: 11304:, p. 332. 11291: 11272: 11252: 11219: 11200:. p. E7. 11188: 11186:, p. 331. 11176: 11130: 11056: 11021: 10980: 10938: 10902: 10840: 10833: 10807: 10776: 10749: 10657: 10638:. pp. 1, 10593: 10532: 10501: 10440: 10412: 10410:, p. 397. 10397: 10337: 10299: 10268: 10234: 10150: 10089: 10005: 9948: 9910: 9872: 9800: 9762: 9716: 9655: 9624: 9564: 9495: 9457: 9427: 9389: 9328: 9290: 9260: 9222: 9184: 9119: 9081: 9045: 9014: 8983: 8957: 8924: 8856: 8835: 8797: 8743: 8720: 8687: 8648: 8612: 8574: 8535: 8475: 8437: 8420: 8397: 8367: 8306: 8245: 8212: 8180: 8073: 8012: 8000: 7977: 7936: 7906: 7872: 7841: 7811: 7788:. p. 30. 7767: 7765:, p. 423. 7748: 7720: 7705:. p. 28. 7689: 7652: 7650:, p. 424. 7629: 7588: 7555: 7540: 7525: 7474: 7413: 7352: 7321: 7283: 7252: 7235: 7174: 7144: 7091: 7046: 7003: 6958: 6956:, p. 891. 6927: 6897: 6854: 6807: 6746: 6716: 6678: 6640: 6602: 6534: 6496: 6404: 6366: 6297: 6259: 6221: 6188: 6165: 6096: 6065: 6032: 5994: 5982: 5921: 5853: 5815: 5755: 5686: 5648: 5610: 5546: 5500: 5439: 5375: 5314: 5271: 5240: 5172: 5147: 5119: 5023: 4962: 4947: 4909: 4848: 4817: 4787: 4734: 4674: 4606: 4568: 4556: 4539: 4522: 4507: 4492: 4462: 4460:, p. 890. 4439: 4424: 4362: 4321: 4267: 4206: 4168: 4085: 4055: 4022: 3946: 3883: 3842: 3811: 3796: 3758: 3729: 3714: 3688: 3642: 3611: 3580: 3542: 3508: 3487: 3454: 3386: 3325: 3291: 3250: 3209: 3168: 3084: 3046: 2982: 2953: 2911: 2875: 2837: 2792: 2730: 2723: 2717:. p. 46. 2697: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2551: 2550: 2542: 2541: 2528: 2515: 2502: 2498:MeasuringWorth 2492:United States 2480:MeasuringWorth 2436: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2380: 2377: 2361:Michael Sergio 2304:John Bradfield 2288: 2285: 2233:Brooklyn Times 2219: 2216: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2104: 2101: 2042: 2039: 2027:Oak Point Yard 2009: 2006: 1997:James J. Lyons 1946:New Haven Line 1921:Hell Gate Line 1911: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1883:Passenger rail 1881: 1879: 1876: 1830:line, and one 1820:passenger rail 1815: 1812: 1805:Sunnyside Yard 1756: 1755:Queens viaduct 1753: 1745:Oak Point Link 1732: 1729: 1719: 1716: 1690: 1687: 1653: 1650: 1635: 1632: 1607: 1604: 1586:The span is a 1567: 1564: 1550: 1547: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1430:New Haven Line 1395: 1392: 1380:Oak Point Link 1348:matching funds 1274: 1273:1970s to 1990s 1271: 1203: 1202:1930s to 1960s 1200: 1155: 1152: 1124:Bayonne Bridge 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1054: 1051: 1032: 1029: 972: 969: 956: 949: 948: 947: 936: 929: 928: 927: 926: 925: 923: 920: 869: 866: 824:superstructure 795: 792: 712: 709: 635: 634:1890s progress 632: 582:, nor between 571: 568: 566: 563: 527:Bayonne Bridge 517:and architect 418: 417: 414: 413: 409: 408: 395: 391: 390: 387: 383: 382: 379: 375: 374: 369: 368:Fabrication by 365: 364: 359: 357:Constructed by 353: 352: 347: 343: 342: 337: 333: 332: 328: 327: 318: 312: 311: 306: 300: 299: 296:standard gauge 270: 264: 263: 261: 260: 246: 242: 237: 227: 226: 222: 221: 218: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 177: 176: 170: 167: 160: 158: 154: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 115: 111: 110: 97: 93: 92: 83: 79: 78: 46: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17543: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17463: 17461: 17438: 17434: 17433:Superseded by 17429: 17425: 17421: 17420: 17414: 17410: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17393: 17388: 17373: 17367: 17359: 17355: 17350: 17346: 17340: 17336: 17332: 17327: 17323: 17317: 17303: 17300: 17299: 17298: 17295: 17293: 17290: 17288: 17285: 17283: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17269: 17267: 17263: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17159: 17157: 17153: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17139: 17137: 17136:South Channel 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17097: 17094: 17088: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17049: 17047: 17043: 17040: 17036: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16997: 16995: 16991: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16979:Willis Avenue 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16929:Rikers Island 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16788: 16785: 16781: 16777: 16776:New York City 16773: 16766: 16761: 16759: 16754: 16752: 16747: 16746: 16743: 16737: 16730: 16724: 16723: 16718: 16715: 16714: 16704: 16700: 16696: 16692: 16688: 16684: 16677: 16672: 16668: 16662: 16658: 16657: 16652: 16648: 16642: 16638: 16637: 16631: 16627: 16621: 16617: 16616: 16610: 16606: 16600: 16596: 16595: 16589: 16586: 16582: 16579: 16575: 16571: 16567: 16562: 16559: 16558:public domain 16548: 16543: 16539: 16537:0-87095-097-5 16533: 16529: 16524: 16521: 16520:public domain 16510: 16506: 16502: 16497: 16494: 16493:public domain 16483: 16479: 16475: 16470: 16466: 16462: 16458: 16454: 16450: 16446: 16442: 16437: 16433: 16429: 16425: 16424: 16404: 16400: 16396: 16392: 16385: 16370: 16366: 16359: 16344: 16340: 16336: 16332: 16325: 16310: 16306: 16299: 16284: 16280: 16273: 16258: 16254: 16247: 16245: 16229: 16225: 16218: 16203: 16199: 16192: 16190: 16188: 16179: 16175: 16171: 16164: 16149: 16145: 16141: 16137: 16131: 16124: 16119: 16103: 16099: 16093: 16078: 16074: 16070: 16066: 16060: 16045: 16041: 16037: 16033: 16027: 16012: 16008: 16004: 16000: 15986: 15982: 15978: 15974: 15968: 15952: 15948: 15942: 15926: 15922: 15916: 15901: 15897: 15893: 15889: 15882: 15880: 15871: 15867: 15863: 15856: 15850:, p. 49. 15849: 15844: 15829: 15825: 15821: 15817: 15811: 15796: 15792: 15788: 15784: 15777: 15769: 15765: 15761: 15753: 15745: 15741: 15737: 15730: 15722: 15718: 15714: 15710: 15706: 15699: 15695: 15691: 15684: 15676: 15672: 15668: 15661: 15646: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15628: 15620: 15616: 15612: 15605: 15597: 15593: 15589: 15582: 15580: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15556: 15549: 15544: 15536: 15532: 15528: 15527: 15520: 15518: 15509: 15503: 15499: 15498: 15490: 15482: 15478: 15474: 15467: 15451: 15450: 15443: 15427: 15426: 15419: 15412: 15407: 15399: 15395: 15391: 15387: 15383: 15376: 15372: 15368: 15364: 15360: 15353: 15338: 15334: 15330: 15326: 15320: 15316: 15312: 15308: 15304: 15297: 15289: 15285: 15281: 15274: 15267: 15262: 15260: 15251: 15247: 15243: 15236: 15221: 15217: 15213: 15209: 15202: 15187: 15183: 15176: 15174: 15158: 15154: 15150: 15146: 15142: 15135: 15131: 15127: 15123: 15119: 15112: 15096: 15092: 15088: 15081: 15079: 15062: 15058: 15054: 15048: 15033: 15029: 15022: 15006: 15002: 14998: 14991: 14975: 14971: 14965: 14950: 14946: 14942: 14938: 14932: 14924: 14920: 14916: 14909: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14882: 14875: 14867: 14861: 14845: 14841: 14837: 14831: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14800: 14784: 14780: 14776: 14772: 14768: 14762: 14743: 14736: 14730: 14714: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14698: 14692: 14684: 14680: 14676: 14669: 14653: 14649: 14648: 14640: 14621: 14617: 14610: 14604: 14602: 14600: 14592: 14587: 14580: 14575: 14573: 14556: 14552: 14548: 14544: 14538: 14522: 14518: 14514: 14508: 14501: 14496: 14494: 14492: 14484: 14479: 14477: 14469: 14464: 14456: 14452: 14448: 14441: 14425: 14421: 14417: 14411: 14409: 14392: 14388: 14384: 14380: 14376: 14370: 14363: 14351: 14347: 14343: 14342:"Tyne Bridge" 14337: 14335: 14327: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14314: 14312: 14310: 14308: 14306: 14304: 14302: 14300: 14298: 14281: 14277: 14273: 14266: 14264: 14262: 14254: 14249: 14247: 14245: 14237: 14232: 14225: 14220: 14218: 14210: 14205: 14197: 14193: 14189: 14185: 14181: 14174: 14167: 14162: 14160: 14152: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14113: 14106: 14101: 14099: 14097: 14095: 14086: 14080: 14064: 14063: 14058: 14051: 14043: 14039: 14035: 14028: 14021: 14016: 14014: 13997: 13993: 13989: 13985: 13981: 13975: 13973: 13971: 13969: 13967: 13959: 13954: 13952: 13950: 13948: 13946: 13944: 13942: 13940: 13923: 13919: 13915: 13911: 13907: 13901: 13885: 13881: 13877: 13870: 13854: 13850: 13846: 13840: 13838: 13829: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13813: 13798: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13782: 13776: 13768: 13764: 13760: 13756: 13752: 13745: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13722: 13720: 13718: 13716: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13699: 13698: 13690: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13652: 13645: 13640: 13638: 13630: 13629: 13624: 13620: 13617: 13611: 13609: 13601: 13596: 13594: 13592: 13590: 13588: 13586: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13563: 13559: 13555: 13549: 13547: 13538: 13534: 13530: 13526: 13522: 13515: 13513: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13490: 13486: 13482: 13478: 13475: 13468: 13452: 13448: 13442: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13410: 13406: 13405: 13397: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13367: 13365: 13348: 13344: 13340: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13310: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13271: 13267: 13266:The Real Deal 13263: 13256: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13194: 13190: 13186: 13179: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13148: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13095: 13087: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13072:. p. 1. 13071: 13064: 13048: 13044: 13040: 13033: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13002: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12979: 12973:, p. 51. 12972: 12967: 12965: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12933: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12910:. p. 1. 12909: 12902: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12871: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12851: 12848:. p. 1. 12847: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12820: 12816: 12810: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12787: 12785: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12761:. p. 1. 12760: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12729: 12722: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12699: 12691: 12687: 12683: 12682: 12674: 12658: 12654: 12650: 12643: 12627: 12623: 12619: 12612: 12610: 12603:, p. 50. 12602: 12597: 12595: 12593: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12575: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12504: 12497: 12489: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12466: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12436: 12434: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12410:. p. 2. 12409: 12402: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12355: 12351: 12347: 12343: 12339: 12333: 12317: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12301: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12250: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12204: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12182: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12152: 12150: 12148: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12108: 12106: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12066: 12064: 12062: 12060: 12058: 12056: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12024: 12022: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11993: 11989: 11982: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11944: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11905: 11889: 11885: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11866: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11834: 11827: 11825: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11793: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11770: 11766: 11762: 11758: 11754: 11747: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11719: 11715: 11708: 11706: 11689: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11673: 11666: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11627: 11625: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11596: 11592: 11585: 11583: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11562: 11558: 11551: 11549: 11532: 11528: 11524: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11486: 11485: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11442: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11380: 11378: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11323:. p. 1. 11322: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11303: 11298: 11296: 11279: 11275: 11269: 11265: 11264: 11256: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11226: 11224: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11192: 11185: 11180: 11164: 11160: 11156: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11085: 11078: 11074: 11070: 11063: 11061: 11053: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11037: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11009: 11005: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10985: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10945: 10943: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10844: 10836: 10834:0-1950-9268-6 10830: 10826: 10821: 10820: 10811: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10780: 10764: 10763: 10756: 10754: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10661: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10634: 10619: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10569: 10565: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10536: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10505: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10467: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10451: 10444: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10409: 10404: 10402: 10385: 10381: 10377: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10272: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10241: 10239: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10214: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10138: 10134: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10093: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9955: 9953: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9914: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9876: 9860: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9804: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9766: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9720: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9659: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9628: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9431: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9332: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9248: 9244: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9123: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9085: 9066: 9062: 9055: 9049: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8987: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8964: 8962: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8853: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8823: 8819: 8815: 8811: 8807: 8801: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8694: 8692: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8539: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8479: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8434: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8401: 8385: 8381: 8377: 8371: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8317: 8310: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8217: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8187: 8185: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8016: 8009: 8004: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7981: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7845: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7764: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7693: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7649: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7595: 7593: 7576: 7572: 7571:Brooklyn Life 7568: 7562: 7560: 7552: 7547: 7545: 7537: 7532: 7530: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7356: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7287: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6955: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6169: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6069: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5991: 5986: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5819: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5551: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5380: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5160: 5159: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4738: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4565: 4560: 4553: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4536: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4436: 4431: 4429: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4027: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3888: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3734: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3693: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3459: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3296: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3255: 3238: 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1872:electrified 1840:track gauge 1436:Description 1384:Hudson Line 1371:ultraviolet 1331:urban decay 1240:liquidation 1225:trusteeship 991:U.S. Realty 962: 1917 942: 1915 786:to pay the 702:(LIRR) and 584:Long Island 576:New England 565:Development 551:electrified 495:New England 493:(PRR) with 476:Long Island 316:Electrified 268:Track gauge 166:(main span) 69: / 44:Coordinates 17460:Categories 17354:Downstream 17322:East River 17302:PATH Train 17207:East River 17131:Pelham Bay 17092:and subway 17062:Hook Creek 16969:Washington 16894:Mill Basin 16874:Kosciuszko 16722:Structurae 15721:1324201984 15398:1112994213 15319:1112886116 13767:1327224557 13625:, p. 769, 11100:1335808006 11052:1237390911 10866:1256915976 10527:1114851555 10294:1113618392 10206:1112745474 10115:1112718863 10054:1112844706 10000:1113169584 9742:1112948947 9681:1113110013 9650:1113043882 9382:October 1, 9354:1130684844 9145:1113176830 9040:1112733514 8889:1113121861 6772:1257139268 2906:1114484502 2401:References 2320:Pittsburgh 2096:third rail 2001:Triboro RX 1725:embankment 1533:track beds 1217:collateral 1122:until the 1069:cantilever 1042:cofferdams 1009:settlement 903:Queensboro 849:clear span 783:Samuel Rea 657:Bronx Kill 608:East River 604:car floats 580:New Jersey 543:Bronx Kill 525:until the 468:East River 404:1917-03-09 108:Bronx Kill 57:73°55′19″W 54:40°46′57″N 17265:Operators 17192:Concourse 17126:Manhattan 17121:Hell Gate 16889:Manhattan 16852:1928–2017 16832:Cross Bay 16783:Vehicular 16703:1084-0702 16574:206630368 16509:879781506 16482:886564538 16465:0066-0604 16403:2692-1251 16343:0362-4331 16178:882943572 16148:2577-9397 16077:0362-4331 16044:1941-0646 16011:1941-0646 15985:2577-9397 15900:0362-4331 15870:206643782 15828:0362-4331 15795:2692-1251 15768:124684948 15744:869227099 15713:1941-0646 15698:882985076 15675:879774443 15645:0362-4331 15619:877760385 15596:877761189 15570:879782454 15535:0014-1380 15481:877749828 15390:1941-0646 15375:557218041 15367:1047-4153 15337:0362-4331 15311:1941-0646 15288:873955742 15250:873956580 15220:0362-4331 15186:Gothamist 15157:2692-1251 15134:875442873 15126:2574-5298 15091:amNewYork 15032:Curbed NY 14980:April 12, 14949:0362-4331 14923:203891319 14893:2692-1251 14779:0362-4331 14709:0362-4331 14683:203891319 14561:March 20, 14455:879783320 14387:0362-4331 14196:509758823 14188:0882-7729 14079:cite news 14069:March 28, 14042:879802636 13992:0362-4331 13918:0362-4331 13880:amNewYork 13828:547614214 13820:1047-4153 13793:0362-4331 13759:1941-0646 13736:235664917 13669:2577-9397 13537:575472191 13529:1941-0646 13485:0362-4331 13377:amNewYork 13086:306014209 13078:2692-1251 12993:896915591 12924:305647268 12916:2692-1251 12862:305581470 12854:2692-1251 12827:0362-4331 12801:896790519 12775:313600816 12767:2692-1251 12740:0362-4331 12713:203737509 12690:945631712 12553:2692-1251 12515:0362-4331 12488:428480105 12480:0362-4331 12424:278412942 12416:2574-5298 12393:278372662 12385:2574-5298 12350:2692-1251 12312:0362-4331 12268:2692-1251 12229:2692-1251 12199:0362-4331 12126:2692-1251 12084:0362-4331 12000:2692-1251 11961:2692-1251 11923:2692-1251 11884:2692-1251 11845:2692-1251 11815:278274630 11807:2574-5298 11765:0362-4331 11726:2692-1251 11684:2692-1251 11645:0362-4331 11603:0362-4331 11573:964853600 11565:2574-5298 11516:123076962 11508:0362-4331 11464:278397980 11456:2574-5298 11421:0362-4331 11356:0362-4331 11337:899011711 11329:2574-5298 11214:179078084 11206:1085-6706 11159:Gothamist 11118:0362-4331 11092:1941-0646 11077:882979990 11044:1941-0646 11004:0362-4331 10963:2692-1251 10885:0362-4331 10858:1941-0646 10802:151278527 10794:0190-8286 10732:0362-4331 10701:2577-9397 10683:181629939 10675:1085-6706 10614:0362-4331 10576:2577-9397 10519:1941-0646 10484:0362-4331 10466:130559335 10458:0099-9660 10435:896297024 10358:0362-4331 10320:2577-9397 10286:1941-0646 10263:557341351 10255:1047-4153 10229:511852249 10221:0882-7729 10198:1941-0646 10171:0362-4331 10133:0362-4331 10107:1941-0646 10072:0362-4331 10046:1941-0646 10031:130361155 10023:0099-9660 9992:1941-0646 9977:511729023 9969:0882-7729 9931:0362-4331 9893:0362-4331 9855:2577-9397 9821:0362-4331 9783:2577-9397 9757:873968710 9734:1941-0646 9699:0362-4331 9673:1941-0646 9642:1941-0646 9585:0362-4331 9547:0362-4331 9516:2577-9397 9478:2577-9397 9410:0362-4331 9372:0362-4331 9346:1941-0646 9311:2692-1251 9243:2692-1251 9205:2577-9397 9167:2577-9397 9137:1941-0646 9102:0362-4331 9032:1941-0646 9009:556721626 9001:1047-4153 8978:886557243 8907:0362-4331 8881:1941-0646 8818:2577-9397 8792:509896338 8784:0882-7729 8769:145661214 8761:0190-8286 8738:865340475 8670:0362-4331 8643:129684267 8635:0099-9660 8595:2577-9397 8569:879777097 8554:578127040 8496:0362-4331 8458:0362-4331 8415:236899975 8350:0362-4331 8332:509877174 8324:0882-7729 8289:0362-4331 8271:575725239 8263:1941-0646 8175:886556136 8147:2577-9397 8117:0362-4331 8099:575687356 8091:1941-0646 8056:0362-4331 8038:575678692 8030:1941-0646 7995:886551104 7960:0362-4331 7901:548523866 7893:1047-4153 7867:129466847 7859:0099-9660 7836:879810718 7794:1941-0646 7743:136977172 7612:2577-9397 7508:2577-9397 7434:2577-9397 7396:0362-4331 7378:129431137 7370:0099-9660 7347:193288095 7339:0882-7729 7304:0099-9660 7278:129418454 7270:0099-9660 7195:2577-9397 7117:555947937 7109:1047-4153 6986:2577-9397 6880:0362-4331 6837:0362-4331 6790:0362-4331 6764:1941-0646 6741:128359243 6699:0362-4331 6661:0362-4331 6623:0362-4331 6585:0099-9660 6555:0362-4331 6517:2577-9397 6456:0099-9660 6425:0362-4331 6387:0362-4331 6349:2577-9397 6280:2577-9397 6242:2577-9397 6183:895747481 6148:2577-9397 6117:0362-4331 6091:145129401 6083:0190-8286 6015:0099-9660 5965:2577-9397 5904:2577-9397 5874:0362-4331 5836:0362-4331 5798:2577-9397 5781:555686444 5773:1047-4153 5738:0362-4331 5707:2577-9397 5669:2577-9397 5631:2577-9397 5570:2577-9397 5529:572172508 5521:1941-0646 5483:2577-9397 5422:0362-4331 5404:572229590 5396:1941-0646 5335:2577-9397 5297:2577-9397 5266:129229094 5258:0099-9660 5223:1941-0646 5193:0362-4331 5142:866183708 5114:144742323 5106:0190-8286 5078:2577-9397 5047:1941-0646 5006:1941-0646 4988:129077503 4980:0099-9660 4930:2577-9397 4869:1941-0646 4843:571688286 4835:1941-0646 4760:571703067 4752:1941-0646 4695:0362-4331 4657:2577-9397 4627:0362-4331 4589:1941-0646 4487:502726608 4419:571463832 4411:1941-0646 4383:2577-9397 4345:0362-4331 4316:571528184 4308:1941-0646 4227:2577-9397 4189:2577-9397 4106:0362-4331 3982:2577-9397 3964:610738488 3907:0362-4331 3866:1941-0646 3837:570933874 3829:1941-0646 3779:2577-9397 3709:535410650 3683:126796918 3668:571129200 3660:1941-0646 3637:570822938 3629:1941-0646 3606:570809112 3598:1941-0646 3563:2577-9397 3537:570918041 3529:1941-0646 3437:1941-0646 3407:0362-4331 3369:0362-4331 3351:570822938 3343:1941-0646 3320:570854593 3312:1941-0646 3274:2577-9397 3233:0362-4331 3192:2577-9397 3151:0362-4331 3133:574426863 3125:1941-0646 3067:2577-9397 3029:0362-4331 3011:574566055 3003:1941-0646 2975:August 3, 2936:0362-4331 2898:1941-0646 2858:0362-4331 2820:2577-9397 2693:Citations 2365:Hell Gate 2057:Bay Ridge 1958:Main Line 1801:land fill 1549:Main span 1497:Hell Gate 1489:the Bronx 1258:in 1976. 1170:When the 1065:falsework 895:Manhattan 794:Arch plan 669:the Bronx 665:Hell Gate 624:Manhattan 547:the Bronx 460:Hell Gate 336:Architect 127:the Bronx 100:Hell Gate 17335:Upstream 17247:Steinway 17111:Broadway 17090:Railroad 16847:Goethals 16812:Brooklyn 16807:Broadway 16570:ProQuest 16505:ProQuest 16478:ProQuest 16408:March 8, 16374:March 8, 16314:March 8, 16288:March 8, 16262:March 8, 16233:March 8, 16174:ProQuest 16153:March 1, 15905:March 8, 15866:ProQuest 15833:March 8, 15800:March 7, 15764:ProQuest 15740:ProQuest 15717:ProQuest 15694:ProQuest 15671:ProQuest 15650:March 4, 15615:ProQuest 15592:ProQuest 15566:ProQuest 15477:ProQuest 15456:March 3, 15432:March 1, 15394:ProQuest 15371:ProQuest 15342:March 3, 15315:ProQuest 15284:ProQuest 15246:ProQuest 15225:March 8, 15191:March 8, 15162:March 7, 15130:ProQuest 15095:Archived 15061:Archived 14954:March 8, 14919:ProQuest 14898:March 7, 14850:March 7, 14844:Archived 14820:March 7, 14814:Archived 14789:March 7, 14783:Archived 14751:March 7, 14742:Archived 14719:March 8, 14713:Archived 14679:ProQuest 14658:March 1, 14652:Archived 14620:Archived 14555:Archived 14521:Archived 14451:ProQuest 14424:Archived 14397:March 8, 14391:Archived 14350:Archived 14280:Archived 14192:ProQuest 14131:March 8, 14125:Archived 14062:Discover 14038:ProQuest 13996:Archived 13928:March 4, 13922:Archived 13884:Archived 13853:Archived 13824:ProQuest 13803:March 7, 13797:Archived 13763:ProQuest 13732:ProQuest 13673:Archived 13619:Archived 13568:March 1, 13562:Archived 13533:ProQuest 13489:Archived 13474:"F.Y.I." 13431:March 8, 13387:March 8, 13381:Archived 13353:March 8, 13330:March 8, 13324:Archived 13299:March 8, 13276:March 8, 13270:Archived 13262:"Amtrak" 13245:March 8, 13222:March 8, 13216:Archived 13199:March 8, 13193:Archived 13168:March 8, 13162:Archived 13137:March 8, 13131:Archived 13115:March 8, 13109:Archived 13082:ProQuest 13053:March 8, 13047:Archived 13022:March 8, 13016:Archived 12989:ProQuest 12953:March 8, 12947:Archived 12920:ProQuest 12885:Archived 12858:ProQuest 12837:March 8, 12831:Archived 12797:ProQuest 12771:ProQuest 12750:March 8, 12744:Archived 12709:ProQuest 12663:March 8, 12632:March 8, 12563:March 8, 12557:Archived 12525:March 8, 12519:Archived 12484:ProQuest 12455:March 8, 12449:Archived 12420:ProQuest 12389:ProQuest 12360:March 8, 12354:Archived 12322:March 1, 12316:Archived 12278:March 8, 12272:Archived 12239:March 8, 12233:Archived 12209:March 8, 12203:Archived 12171:March 8, 12165:Archived 12136:March 8, 12130:Archived 12088:Archived 12044:March 8, 12038:Archived 12010:March 8, 12004:Archived 11971:March 8, 11965:Archived 11933:March 8, 11927:Archived 11894:March 8, 11888:Archived 11855:March 8, 11849:Archived 11811:ProQuest 11775:March 7, 11769:Archived 11736:March 7, 11730:Archived 11694:March 7, 11688:Archived 11655:March 7, 11649:Archived 11613:March 8, 11607:Archived 11569:ProQuest 11537:March 7, 11531:Archived 11512:ProQuest 11460:ProQuest 11425:Archived 11399:March 7, 11393:Archived 11366:March 7, 11360:Archived 11333:ProQuest 11284:March 8, 11278:Archived 11245:March 7, 11239:Archived 11210:ProQuest 11169:March 7, 11163:Archived 11123:March 7, 11096:ProQuest 11073:ProQuest 11048:ProQuest 11014:March 2, 11008:Archived 10973:March 8, 10967:Archived 10925:Archived 10895:March 4, 10889:Archived 10862:ProQuest 10798:ProQuest 10742:March 3, 10736:Archived 10711:March 4, 10705:Archived 10679:ProQuest 10650:March 3, 10644:Archived 10624:March 3, 10618:Archived 10586:March 3, 10580:Archived 10555:March 3, 10549:Archived 10523:ProQuest 10494:March 3, 10488:Archived 10462:ProQuest 10431:ProQuest 10390:March 3, 10384:Archived 10368:March 3, 10362:Archived 10330:March 3, 10324:Archived 10290:ProQuest 10259:ProQuest 10225:ProQuest 10202:ProQuest 10181:March 3, 10175:Archived 10143:March 3, 10137:Archived 10111:ProQuest 10082:March 3, 10076:Archived 10050:ProQuest 10027:ProQuest 9996:ProQuest 9973:ProQuest 9941:March 3, 9935:Archived 9897:Archived 9865:March 2, 9859:Archived 9825:Archived 9793:March 3, 9787:Archived 9753:ProQuest 9738:ProQuest 9709:March 2, 9703:Archived 9677:ProQuest 9646:ProQuest 9617:March 2, 9611:Archived 9595:March 2, 9589:Archived 9557:March 2, 9551:Archived 9526:March 2, 9520:Archived 9488:March 2, 9482:Archived 9450:March 2, 9444:Archived 9414:Archived 9376:Archived 9350:ProQuest 9315:Archived 9283:March 3, 9277:Archived 9247:Archived 9215:March 3, 9209:Archived 9177:March 3, 9171:Archived 9141:ProQuest 9112:March 3, 9106:Archived 9065:Archived 9036:ProQuest 9005:ProQuest 8974:ProQuest 8950:March 3, 8944:Archived 8917:March 2, 8911:Archived 8885:ProQuest 8828:March 2, 8822:Archived 8788:ProQuest 8765:ProQuest 8734:ProQuest 8713:March 2, 8707:Archived 8680:March 4, 8674:Archived 8639:ProQuest 8605:March 2, 8599:Archived 8565:ProQuest 8550:ProQuest 8528:March 2, 8522:Archived 8506:March 2, 8500:Archived 8468:March 1, 8462:Archived 8411:ProQuest 8390:March 8, 8384:Archived 8360:March 1, 8354:Archived 8328:ProQuest 8299:March 1, 8293:Archived 8267:ProQuest 8238:March 1, 8232:Archived 8205:March 2, 8199:Archived 8171:ProQuest 8157:March 1, 8151:Archived 8127:March 1, 8121:Archived 8095:ProQuest 8066:March 1, 8060:Archived 8034:ProQuest 7991:ProQuest 7964:Archived 7929:March 8, 7923:Archived 7897:ProQuest 7863:ProQuest 7832:ProQuest 7804:March 1, 7798:Archived 7739:ProQuest 7713:March 8, 7707:Archived 7682:March 1, 7676:Archived 7622:March 1, 7616:Archived 7581:March 1, 7575:Archived 7512:Archived 7461:Archived 7438:Archived 7400:Archived 7374:ProQuest 7343:ProQuest 7308:Archived 7274:ProQuest 7222:Archived 7199:Archived 7161:Archived 7131:Archived 7113:ProQuest 7084:March 1, 7078:Archived 7039:March 1, 7033:Archived 6990:Archived 6914:Archived 6884:Archived 6841:Archived 6800:March 4, 6794:Archived 6768:ProQuest 6737:ProQuest 6709:March 2, 6703:Archived 6665:Archived 6627:Archived 6589:Archived 6559:Archived 6521:Archived 6483:Archived 6460:Archived 6429:Archived 6391:Archived 6353:Archived 6284:Archived 6246:Archived 6208:Archived 6179:ProQuest 6152:Archived 6121:Archived 6087:ProQuest 6052:Archived 6019:Archived 5969:Archived 5938:Archived 5908:Archived 5878:Archived 5840:Archived 5802:Archived 5777:ProQuest 5742:Archived 5711:Archived 5673:Archived 5635:Archived 5597:Archived 5574:Archived 5533:Archived 5525:ProQuest 5487:Archived 5456:Archived 5426:Archived 5400:ProQuest 5362:Archived 5339:Archived 5301:Archived 5262:ProQuest 5227:Archived 5197:Archived 5138:ProQuest 5110:ProQuest 5082:Archived 5051:Archived 5010:Archived 4984:ProQuest 4934:Archived 4896:Archived 4873:Archived 4839:ProQuest 4804:Archived 4774:Archived 4756:ProQuest 4721:Archived 4699:Archived 4661:Archived 4631:Archived 4593:Archived 4483:ProQuest 4415:ProQuest 4387:Archived 4349:Archived 4312:ProQuest 4284:Archived 4254:Archived 4231:Archived 4193:Archived 4155:Archived 4132:Archived 4110:Archived 4072:Archived 4042:Archived 4009:Archived 3986:Archived 3960:ProQuest 3933:Archived 3911:Archived 3870:Archived 3833:ProQuest 3783:Archived 3705:ProQuest 3679:ProQuest 3664:ProQuest 3633:ProQuest 3602:ProQuest 3567:Archived 3533:ProQuest 3474:Archived 3441:Archived 3411:Archived 3373:Archived 3347:ProQuest 3316:ProQuest 3278:Archived 3237:Archived 3196:Archived 3155:Archived 3129:ProQuest 3101:Archived 3071:Archived 3033:Archived 3007:ProQuest 2969:Archived 2946:March 8, 2940:Archived 2902:ProQuest 2862:Archived 2824:Archived 2779:Archived 2500:series. 2379:See also 1878:Services 1858: in 1624:parapets 1620:loophole 1542:Discover 1037:Derricks 1020:enjoined 1018:justice 999:caissons 911:trackbed 891:Brooklyn 649:Brooklyn 602:, where 570:Planning 501:(NH). A 497:and the 489:and the 487:New York 412:Location 346:Designer 324:catenary 287: in 183:Material 17212:Freedom 17155:Tunnels 17099:Bridges 17045:Bridges 17015:Lincoln 17005:Holland 16993:Tunnels 16919:Pulaski 16802:Bayonne 16790:Bridges 16421:Sources 16102:The Sun 15118:Newsday 14810:Newsday 14547:NYC.gov 13614:Staff. 13189:QNS.com 13127:QNS.com 13043:Newsday 13012:QNS.com 12408:Newsday 12377:Newsday 12161:Newsday 12034:Newsday 11799:Newsday 11557:Newsday 11527:Newsday 11448:Newsday 11321:Newsday 7735:Outlook 7127:The Sun 7029:The Sun 6048:The Sun 5165:May 26, 4892:The Sun 4250:The Sun 3745:The Sun 3701:The Sun 2868:May 22, 2340:Serpico 2182:Outlook 1866:), the 1853:⁄ 1797:I-beams 1671:eyebars 1600:girders 1537:ballast 1256:Conrail 1107:Opening 1085:⁄ 820:borings 692:Astoria 466:of the 458:across 402: ( 331:History 282:⁄ 258:P&W 96:Crosses 82:Carries 17349:Amtrak 17272:Amtrak 16914:Pelham 16701: 16663: 16643: 16622: 16601: 16572: 16566:Trains 16534: 16507: 16480: 16463: 16401: 16341: 16176: 16146: 16075: 16042: 16009: 15983: 15898: 15868: 15862:Trains 15826: 15793: 15766: 15742: 15719: 15711: 15696: 15673: 15643: 15617: 15594: 15568: 15533: 15504: 15479: 15396: 15388: 15373: 15365: 15335: 15317: 15309: 15286: 15248: 15218: 15155: 15132: 15124: 14947: 14921: 14891: 14777: 14707: 14681: 14453: 14385: 14194: 14186: 14040: 13990: 13916: 13826: 13818: 13791: 13765: 13757: 13734: 13667: 13535: 13527: 13483: 13457:May 4, 13084: 13076: 12991: 12922: 12914: 12860: 12852: 12825: 12799: 12773: 12765: 12738: 12711: 12688: 12551: 12513: 12486: 12478: 12422: 12414: 12391: 12383: 12348: 12310: 12266: 12227: 12197: 12124: 12082: 11998: 11959: 11921: 11882: 11843: 11813: 11805: 11763: 11724: 11682: 11643: 11601: 11571: 11563: 11514: 11506: 11462: 11454: 11419: 11354: 11335: 11327: 11270: 11212: 11204: 11116: 11098: 11090: 11075: 11050: 11042: 11002: 10961: 10883: 10864: 10856: 10831: 10800: 10792: 10769:May 5, 10730: 10699: 10681: 10673: 10612: 10574: 10525: 10517: 10482: 10464: 10456: 10433: 10356: 10318: 10292: 10284: 10261: 10253: 10227: 10219: 10204: 10196: 10169: 10131: 10113: 10105: 10070: 10052: 10044: 10029: 10021: 9998: 9990: 9975: 9967: 9929: 9891: 9853: 9819: 9781: 9755: 9740: 9732: 9697: 9679: 9671: 9648: 9640: 9583: 9545: 9514: 9476: 9408: 9370: 9352: 9344: 9309: 9241: 9203: 9165: 9143: 9135: 9100: 9038: 9030: 9007: 8999: 8976: 8905: 8887: 8879: 8816: 8790: 8782: 8767: 8759: 8736: 8668: 8641: 8633: 8593: 8567: 8552: 8494: 8456: 8413: 8348: 8330: 8322: 8287: 8269: 8261: 8173: 8145: 8115: 8097: 8089: 8054: 8036: 8028: 7993: 7958: 7899: 7891: 7865: 7857: 7834: 7792: 7741: 7610: 7506: 7432: 7394: 7376: 7368: 7345: 7337: 7302: 7276: 7268: 7193: 7115: 7107: 6984: 6878: 6835: 6788: 6770: 6762: 6739: 6697: 6659: 6621: 6583: 6553: 6515: 6454: 6423: 6385: 6347: 6278: 6240: 6181: 6146: 6115: 6089: 6081: 6013: 5963: 5902: 5872: 5834: 5796: 5779: 5771: 5736: 5705: 5667: 5629: 5568: 5527: 5519: 5481: 5420: 5402: 5394: 5333: 5295: 5264: 5256: 5221: 5191: 5140: 5112: 5104: 5076: 5045: 5004: 4986: 4978: 4928: 4867: 4841: 4833: 4758: 4750: 4693: 4655: 4625: 4587: 4485: 4417: 4409: 4381: 4343: 4314: 4306: 4225: 4187: 4104: 3980: 3962: 3905: 3864: 3835: 3827: 3777: 3707: 3681: 3666: 3658: 3635: 3627: 3604: 3596: 3561: 3535: 3527: 3435: 3405: 3367: 3349: 3341: 3318: 3310: 3272: 3231: 3190: 3149: 3131: 3123: 3065: 3027: 3009: 3001: 2934: 2904: 2896: 2856: 2818: 2721: 2371:. The 2300:Sydney 2208:Trains 2148:Impact 2021:, and 1824:Amtrak 1681:, the 1606:Towers 1592:hinges 1493:Queens 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1306:Amtrak 1298:allow 1077:Mohawk 901:, and 663:, and 553:since 513:, and 472:Queens 464:strait 450:, via 446:, and 436:Amtrak 394:Opened 256:, and 248:1 for 235:tracks 157:Design 147:Amtrak 138:Amtrak 125:, and 119:Queens 114:Locale 16679:(PDF) 14745:(PDF) 14738:(PDF) 14623:(PDF) 14612:(PDF) 9068:(PDF) 9057:(PDF) 2406:Notes 2318:near 2261:Times 2082:to a 1814:Usage 1612:keeps 1535:with 915:title 199:Width 186:Steel 134:Owner 17428:1931 17424:1916 17397:span 17057:High 16699:ISSN 16661:ISBN 16641:ISBN 16620:ISBN 16599:ISBN 16532:ISBN 16461:ISSN 16410:2024 16399:ISSN 16376:2024 16350:2024 16339:ISSN 16316:2024 16290:2024 16264:2024 16235:2024 16209:2024 16155:2024 16144:ISSN 16110:2024 16084:2024 16073:ISSN 16051:2024 16040:ISSN 16018:2024 16007:ISSN 15992:2024 15981:ISSN 15959:2024 15933:2024 15907:2024 15896:ISSN 15835:2024 15824:ISSN 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