38:
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345:, the numerical value of the character's health points is hidden from the player. However, when the player character receives a large amount of damage, the game screen (or the part of the screen to which damage was dealt) is painted red, often including drops of blood, which simulates the effect of real-life injury. As health is restored, these effects gradually disappear.
389:, the player rolls the dice during each battle, and depending on the number rolled, the character either kills the enemy or is killed. Because players did not want to lose the characters they had become accustomed to, Arneson created a "hit point" system based on similar mechanics previously used in the wargames
483:
system in which the player could only take damage once, but could continue the game at the expense of a life. The introduction of health meters granted players the right to make mistakes and allowed game developers to influence a game's difficulty by adjusting the damage an enemy character inflicts.
261:
The health indicator can be represented in various ways. The most basic forms are fractions and health bars, as well as various icons such as hearts or shields. More recent games can use a nonlinear health bar, where earlier hits take off more damage than later ones, in order to make the game appear
231:
that indicates how difficult it is to land a successful blow on a character with an attack; it can also indicate damage reduction to a character's health. AC is typically a representation of a character's physical defenses such as their ability to dodge attacks and their protective equipment. Armor
132:
The use of health points simplifies the game development process (since developers do not need to create complex damage systems), allows computers to simplify calculations associated with the game, and makes it easier for the player to understand the game. However, more complex and realistic damage
200:
A number of games incorporate a regeneration system that automatically replenishes health if the character does not take damage. This makes the game easier to play by giving the player the opportunity to restore the character's health after a difficult battle. This system may allow the player to
271:
uses a character portrait located at the bottom of the screen as such an indicator, in addition to a numerical health percentage display. If the hero takes damage, his face will appear increasingly pained and blood-covered. The health point indicator can also be part of the character. In
84:
or inanimate objects such as vehicles and their individual parts. In video games, health is often represented by visual elements such as a numerical fraction, a health bar or a series of small icons, though it may also be represented acoustically, such as through a character's heartbeat.
574:, uses a health meter to represent player health, with the bar depleting when taking damage. In addition to the player character having a health meter, the bosses also have health meters, which leads to the game temporarily becoming a one-on-one fighting game during boss battles.
193:. A number of games incorporate a mechanic known as "life steal" or "life leech", which allows a character to restore health by siphoning it from an enemy. Methods for replenishing health differ from each other and are dependent on the game's genre. In more dynamic
249:
693:, there is not an explicit attribute with that name in the game's rules. It seems more likely that Arneson's house rules for armor class never made it into the final published version of the wargame". However, many role-playing games that followed
530:, has a stamina meter that replenishes every time the player successfully strikes the opponent and decreases if the player fails to dodge the opponent's blow; if the meter is fully depleted, the player character loses consciousness.
385:, Arneson felt that it was more interesting for players to manage small squads than a large army. This also allowed them to act out the role of each squad member. However, this approach had one drawback: according to the rules of
290:, a VR game, the indicator is located on the back of the player's non-dominant hand, requiring the player to physically look at their tracked hand to check their health. The character's condition can be conveyed through sound. In
176:
series have both the player's and the opponent's health meters clearly visible, which allows the player to understand how successful their combat strategy is and how many remaining blows need to be inflicted on the enemy.
97:
usually have more health and armor. In many games, particularly role-playing video games, the player starts with a small number of health and defense points, but can increase them by gaining the required number of
170:, only the player's health points are visible. This is done so that the player does not know how many blows still need to be delivered, which makes the game less predictable. Contrariwise, other games such as the
113:, game designer Scott Rogers wrote that "health should deplete in an obvious manner, because with every hit, a player is closer to losing their life". As examples of visualizing health loss, Rogers cited
93:
In video games, as in tabletop role-playing games, an object usually loses health as a result of being attacked. Protection points or armor help them to reduce the damage taken. Characters acting as
401:. According to this system, each character has a certain number of hit points, which decreases with each blow dealt to them. This allows the character to survive several hits from an enemy.
145:
games use health points, but allow characters to inflict damage to different parts of the enemy's body, which affects gameplay. For example, if a leg is injured, the character can get a
2059:
1941:
1107:
325:
series, the player character initially only has one health point, and the character's appearance is used to signify the number of health points; if the character collects a
1288:
874:
552:(1984) with a health meter system. Each fighter has a health meter, which depletes as they take hits; once a fighter's health meter is fully depleted, it leads to a
189:
such as potions, food or first-aid kits. In role-playing video games, the player often can also restore a character's health by visiting a doctor or resting at an
1796:
1552:
1391:
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988:
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197:, it is important to quickly restore a character's health, while role-playing games feature slower-paced methods of health restoration to achieve realism.
1026:
1144:
149:, which will reduce their movement speed, and if their arm is injured, the character can drop their weapon. Health can also serve as a plot element. In
2097:
1592:
155:, if the protagonist takes too much damage, thus departing from the "correct" route, the game ends and returns the player to the nearest checkpoint.
1323:
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109:, it is considered important to clearly show that the player's character (or other object that they control) is losing health. In his book
1970:
1251:
1931:
1610:
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series, the character's health (represented as both hit points and a health meter) are restored when the character does not move.
516:(1952–1968), has an energy bar that gradually depletes over time and some of which can be sacrificed for temporary invincibility.
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quality that determines the maximum amount of damage or fatigue something takes before leaving the main game. In
1501:
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2928:
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310:
296:, the frequency of the player character's audible heartbeat is dependent on how much damage has been received.
65:
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also began moving away from one-hit deaths to health systems allowing players to take multiple hits, such as
114:
17:
2198:
1983:
Like Thomas, the end bosses all had health meters, so the game would momentarily become a one-on-one fighter
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series, in which smoke begins to flow from the hood after the car takes a significant amount of damage.
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displays health as a number from 3 (full) to 0 (dead), and health gradually regenerates over time. In
518:
319:, it occupies one third of the HUD. However, a number of games do without such an indicator. In the
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The player character's health point indicator often occupies a significant position in the game's
3150:
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139:, instead of health points, dwarves have separate body parts, each of which can be damaged. The
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292:
2286:"Dungeons & Deceptions: The First D&D Players Push Back On The Legend Of Gary Gygax"
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2388:
The Game
Developer's Dictionary: A Multidisciplinary Lexicon for Professionals and Students
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8:
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456:(1982) allowing players to take multiple hits at the cost of reducing maneuverability.
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31:
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2007:
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moved away from the term "armor class" and simply replaced the term with "defense".
442:(1979) numerically representing an energy supply that depletes when taking hits and
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125:
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286:
123:, who loses a piece of armor with each sustained hit, as well as the cars in the
1611:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part 1: The Early Years (1980–1983)"
3046:
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2815:
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1884:(DVD) (in English and Japanese). Hardcore Gaming 101. Event occurs at 1:34:00.
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representing the health of a character or object. The game character can be a
3165:
3145:
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2938:
2933:
2833:
1932:"Yie Ar Kung Fu, one of the earliest fighting games, comes to Switch and PS4"
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uses a similar system, but transmits the heartbeat via vibrations from the
623:(1984) further popularized the use of a health bar in role-playing games.
2986:
2953:
2476:
Game Design
Workshop: A Playcentric Approach to Creating Innovative Games
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The indicator can be combined with other elements of the game interface.
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106:
329:, they grow in size and gain an additional health point. In a number of
37:
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Arneson is also credited for the term "armor class" which was used in
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2843:
2617:
2502:
2479:
2414:
2003:
2000:
History of
Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction
512:
499:
487:
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303:
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safely run through dangerous parts of the game without consequence.
41:
A health bar, a possible representation of the health of a character
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2322:
1561:
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established health meters as a standard feature in fighting games.
553:
527:
204:
1816:"Playing With Power: Great Ideas That Have Changed Gaming Forever"
284:, it is represented as a tattoo on the main character's chest. In
232:
class is a mechanic that can be used as part of health and combat
207:
games often regenerate part of the health of a resting character.
3092:
2193:
2188:
1820:
1699:
771:
689:; "although armor class might have been inspired by the rules in
663:'s Jeff Dunn, regeneration in its current form was introduced in
639:
601:
248:
655:(2001) is credited with popularizing the use of regeneration in
185:
Players can often restore a character's health by using various
2688:
2031:. Vol. 2 (First ed.). S.M.G Szczepaniak. p. 32.
983:
909:
719:, a real-world indicator of health status for hospital patients
613:, which took it a step further with a regenerating health bar.
585:
Health meters also began being used to represent hit points in
543:
443:
420:(1982), which includes an audible heartbeat influenced by the
614:
507:
503:
1657:
1589:"Half-Life: Alyx Wiki Guide, Chapter 2: The Quarantine Zone"
1354:"CAPCOM: STREET FIGHTER X TEKKEN | Official Web Manual"
843:
729:
571:
252:
A heart-based health point indicator similar to the one in
2088:"Stop, Drop, and Heal: The history of regenerating health"
1753:
1751:
1749:
1467:
1384:"Beyond Hit Points: The Evolution of RPG Combat Mechanics"
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761:
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414:(1980), in which health is represented by a fraction, and
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1139:
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1966:
Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games
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2264:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 237.
1360:
278:, it is located on the main character's costume. In
2362:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1455:
1414:
The
Fantasy Role-Playing Game: A New Performing Art
1049:
819:
795:
783:
777:
578:established health meters as a standard feature in
2591:Game Development Essentials: Game Interface Design
2076:
741:
1771:"Weird of Oz Huffs About Hit Points – Black Gate"
3163:
2545:The Official GameSalad Guide to Game Development
1879:
1681:
1502:"The Weird Story Behind Doom's Rare "Ouch Face""
894:
892:
464:"Health bar" redirects here. For the candy, see
2568:Level Up!: The Guide to Great Video Game Design
1436:
979:Beaten in Under 15 Minutes, A New World Record"
111:Level Up!: The Guide to Great Video Game Design
2262:Level Up! The Guide to Great Video Game Design
2029:The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers
1882:The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers
1581:
1487:"Guilty Gear Strive: Damage Scaling Explained"
2715:
2588:
1845:
1843:
1663:
889:
82:destructible elements of the game environment
2339:
1604:
1602:
1094:"A starter's guide to Robot Entertainment's
849:
2660:The Evolution of Fantasy Role-Playing Games
2499:Level Design: Concept, Theory, and Practice
2363:Brathwaite, Brenda; Schreiber, Ian (2009).
2215:
2186:
2121:"Top 7… Games you didn't know did it first"
2026:
1993:
1991:
1797:"Rogue Instruction Manual © 1985 EPYX, Inc"
1565:. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from
599:. This inspired the use of a health bar in
2722:
2708:
2180:
1840:
1519:
1024:
475:Before the introduction of health meters,
133:systems are used in a number of games. In
2473:
2408:
1783:
1599:
1309:
972:
935:
873:(Interview). Interviewed by Josh Harris.
867:"Interview: The Making Of Dwarf Fortress"
765:
735:
2614:The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses
2589:Saunders, Kevin; Novak, Jeannie (2012).
2385:
2118:
1997:
1988:
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1321:
1202:
247:
36:
2729:
2496:
1962:
1550:
1525:
1499:
1437:Schreiber, Ian; Romero, Brenda (2021).
1322:Moriarty, Jonathan (December 2, 2010).
1239:
1203:Goldfarb, Andrew (September 14, 2012).
973:Hernandez, Patricia (January 4, 2016).
898:
813:
546:, replaced the point-scoring system of
14:
3164:
2944:Turns, rounds and time-keeping systems
2657:
2634:
2611:
2565:
2454:
2431:
2340:Adams, Ernest; Dormans, Joris (2012).
2259:
2247:
2151:
1969:. Steel Gear Press. pp. 289–290.
1880:John Szczepaniak (2014). "Flash Boy".
1757:
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1973:from the original on 14 February 2023
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1291:from the original on October 21, 2020
1221:from the original on November 1, 2020
1184:from the original on October 29, 2020
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917:from the original on October 30, 2020
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825:
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2342:Game Mechanics: Advanced Game Design
2168:from the original on August 26, 2020
2133:from the original on January 8, 2015
2100:from the original on January 8, 2015
2085:
1963:Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020).
1929:
1851:"Gaming's most important evolutions"
1707:from the original on August 22, 2004
1110:from the original on August 25, 2012
991:from the original on August 23, 2020
617:'s arcade action role-playing title
379:based on the latter's previous game
358:The term "hit points" was coined by
2201:from the original on April 23, 2016
2027:Szczepaniak, John (November 2015).
1324:"Video Game Basics: The Health Bar"
1091:
1025:Martindale, Jon (October 3, 2012).
954:from the original on April 25, 2020
582:action games such as beat 'em ups.
102:and raising the character's level.
80:. Health can also be attributed to
56:, this typically takes the form of
24:
2216:Szczepaniak, John (July 8, 2011).
2187:Szczepaniak, John (July 7, 2011).
2119:Sulliven, Lucas (March 10, 2014).
1998:Williams, Andrew (16 March 2017).
1930:Good, Owen S. (24 November 2019).
1609:Barton, Matt (February 23, 2007).
1526:Antista, Chris (August 17, 2010).
1254:from the original on March 5, 2016
1240:Hancock, Patrick (June 27, 2013).
1147:from the original on June 22, 2012
25:
3188:
2681:
2457:Fantasy Roleplaying Gamer's Bible
2152:Greene, Robert (August 1, 2017).
2053:"Crisis Mountain Apple II Manual"
1857:. October 8, 2010. Archived from
1693:Rausch, Allen (August 19, 2004).
1500:Zwiezen, Zack (4 February 2019).
1129:Onyett, Charles (June 19, 2012).
1092:Tan, Maurice (January 13, 2012).
626:
2687:
2459:. Obsidian Studios Corporation.
2228:from the original on 16 May 2019
2086:Dunn, Jeff (November 15, 2012).
1944:from the original on 10 May 2021
1595:from the original on 2020-08-08.
1528:"The 10 most creative life bars"
1273:Carter, Chris (March 14, 2013).
631:The 1982 Apple II platform game
2310:
2296:from the original on 2020-06-29
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2253:
2145:
2112:
2065:from the original on 2022-06-26
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2020:
1956:
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1912:from the original on 2017-10-22
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1551:Pearson, Craig (May 16, 2007).
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1394:from the original on 2022-02-23
1375:
1346:
1315:
1266:
1233:
1196:
1166:Carter, Chris (June 17, 2013).
1159:
1135:: Playing the Phantom Assassin"
1122:
1085:
1018:
966:
936:Stapleton, Dan (July 2, 2010).
929:
899:Burford, GB (August 21, 2015).
877:from the original on 2013-11-12
855:
778:Brathwaite & Schreiber 2009
673:only used shield regeneration.
459:
243:
236:. AC "is roughly equivalent to
180:
210:
13:
1:
3172:Role-playing game terminology
2455:Fannon, Sean Patrick (1999).
2365:Challenges for Game Designers
1814:Ragan, Jess (June 15, 2006).
1279:single and multiplayer guide"
723:
353:
2741:Glossary of video game terms
1209:Reducing Inferno Difficulty"
1027:"Let's Kill off Health Bars"
215:In some role-playing games,
88:
7:
2319:Fundamentals of Game Design
1536:. p. 2. Archived from
1382:Howley, Greg (2019-04-26).
700:
10:
3193:
2637:AI Game Engine Programming
2218:"History of Ys interviews"
1416:. McFarland. p. 173.
676:
468:. For the cereal bar, see
463:
370:tabletop role-playing game
348:
29:
3113:
3060:
3039:
2964:
2814:
2783:
2747:
2738:
2497:Kremers, Rudolph (2009).
2474:Fullerton, Tracy (2014).
1664:Saunders & Novak 2012
502:action game based on the
2972:Destructible environment
2658:Tresca, Michael (2010).
2432:Duggan, Michael (2011).
2409:Costikyan, Greg (2013).
1896:"Glass Joe Boxes Clever"
1695:"Dave Arneson Interview"
850:Adams & Dormans 2012
707:Magic (game terminology)
659:. However, according to
607:action role-playing game
587:role-playing video games
30:Not to be confused with
27:Gaming-related attribute
2664:McFarland & Company
2543:Novak, Jeannie (2013).
2520:Moore, Michael (2011).
1553:"PC Feature Long Play:
1412:Mackay, Daniel (2017).
691:Don't Give Up the Ship!
368:. While developing the
3177:Video game terminology
2635:Schwab, Brian (2009).
2612:Schell, Jesse (2008).
2566:Rogers, Scott (2010).
2386:Carreker, Dan (2012).
2317:Adams, Ernest (2010).
2260:Rogers, Scott (2014).
2189:"Falcom: Legacy of Ys"
1901:Computer + Video Games
1242:"Review: Rogue Legacy"
695:Dungeons & Dragons
687:Dungeons & Dragons
494:(1981) for the arcade
408:to use hit points are
392:Don't Give Up the Ship
373:Dungeons & Dragons
361:Dungeons & Dragons
258:
158:In some games such as
42:
3014:Procedural generation
2572:John Wiley & Sons
2522:Basics of Game Design
1540:on December 28, 2014.
1277:God of War: Ascension
657:first-person shooters
597:Bullet-Proof Software
595:(1984), developed by
417:Dungeons of Daggorath
331:first-person shooters
293:Dungeons of Daggorath
251:
40:
2801:Non-player character
2696:at Wikimedia Commons
2526:Taylor & Francis
2411:Uncertainty in Games
2006:. pp. 143–146.
1569:on September 9, 2007
1476:, pp. 172, 276.
1082:, pp. 109, 141.
1070:, pp. 151, 194.
905:Isn't Really an RPG"
865:(27 February 2008).
671:Halo: Combat Evolved
652:Halo: Combat Evolved
496:DECO Cassette System
3040:Movement techniques
2824:Collision detection
2434:RPG Maker for Teens
2292:. August 26, 2019.
2222:Hardcore Gaming 101
2162:Hardcore Gaming 101
1908:: 47. August 1984.
1861:on January 18, 2016
1642:, pp. 166–167.
1591:. IGN. 2020-03-26.
840:, pp. 276–277.
738:, pp. 79, 130.
406:home computer games
316:The Legend of Zelda
255:The Legend of Zelda
161:The Legend of Zelda
66:numerical attribute
48:is a video game or
3121:Advance And Secure
1328:Baltimoregamer.com
940:Fallout: New Vegas
566:(1984), an arcade
538:(1984), an arcade
522:(1983), an arcade
477:action video games
453:Tron: Deadly Discs
404:Some of the first
259:
54:role-playing games
43:
32:Life (video games)
3159:
3158:
3136:Last man standing
2919:Scripted sequence
2692:Media related to
2641:Course Technology
2369:Course Technology
2197:(111): 152–159 .
2013:978-1-317-50381-1
1906:Future Publishing
1621:on April 19, 2007
1170:League of Legends
479:typically used a
238:defensive dodging
229:derived statistic
120:Ghosts 'n Goblins
100:experience points
16:(Redirected from
3184:
3151:King of the hill
3126:Capture the flag
3009:Persistent world
2977:Instance dungeon
2904:Random encounter
2899:Quick time event
2806:Player character
2765:Experience point
2724:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2691:
2677:
2654:
2631:
2608:
2595:Cengage Learning
2585:
2562:
2549:Cengage Learning
2539:
2516:
2493:
2470:
2451:
2438:Cengage Learning
2428:
2405:
2392:Cengage Learning
2382:
2359:
2336:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1824:. Archived from
1811:
1805:
1804:
1799:. Archived from
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1773:. 25 March 2013.
1767:
1761:
1760:, p. 53-54.
1755:
1744:
1738:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1690:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1617:. Archived from
1606:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1506:Kotaku Australia
1497:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1334:on 28 April 2012
1330:. Archived from
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1033:. Archived from
1022:
1016:
1010:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
896:
887:
886:
884:
882:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
754:
748:
739:
733:
712:Experience point
589:, starting with
422:player character
311:heads-up display
223:; also known as
152:Assassin's Creed
126:Grand Theft Auto
70:player character
21:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3109:
3056:
3035:
2960:
2810:
2779:
2743:
2734:
2728:
2684:
2674:
2651:
2628:
2605:
2582:
2559:
2536:
2513:
2490:
2467:
2448:
2425:
2402:
2379:
2356:
2333:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2229:
2204:
2202:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2084:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1996:
1989:
1976:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1812:
1808:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1747:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1691:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1600:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1549:
1545:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1498:
1494:
1489:. 17 June 2021.
1485:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1037:on May 28, 2015
1031:Kit Guru Gaming
1023:
1019:
1011:
1004:
994:
992:
971:
967:
957:
955:
942:trait revealed"
934:
930:
920:
918:
897:
890:
880:
878:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
757:
749:
742:
734:
730:
726:
703:
679:
643:(1984) and the
634:Crisis Mountain
629:
473:
462:
356:
351:
287:Half-Life: Alyx
262:more exciting.
246:
240:in war games".
213:
183:
91:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3047:Rocket jumping
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Loading screen
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Invisible wall
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2683:
2682:External links
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:978-0786460090
2672:
2655:
2650:978-1584506287
2649:
2632:
2627:978-0123694966
2626:
2609:
2604:978-1285401379
2603:
2586:
2581:978-0470970928
2580:
2563:
2558:978-1285712666
2557:
2540:
2535:978-1568814339
2534:
2517:
2512:978-1439876954
2511:
2494:
2489:978-1482217179
2488:
2471:
2465:
2452:
2447:978-1435459670
2446:
2429:
2424:978-0262018968
2423:
2406:
2401:978-1435460829
2400:
2383:
2378:978-1584505808
2377:
2360:
2355:978-0132946681
2354:
2337:
2332:978-0132104753
2331:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2277:
2270:
2252:
2250:, p. 277.
2240:
2179:
2144:
2111:
2075:
2044:
2038:978-1518818745
2037:
2019:
2012:
1987:
1955:
1922:
1887:
1872:
1839:
1806:
1803:on 2016-07-31.
1788:
1784:Costikyan 2013
1776:
1762:
1745:
1743:, p. 249.
1730:
1728:, p. 334.
1718:
1680:
1678:, p. 173.
1668:
1666:, p. 231.
1656:
1654:, p. 237.
1644:
1632:
1598:
1580:
1543:
1518:
1492:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1447:
1429:
1422:
1404:
1374:
1372:, p. 466.
1359:
1345:
1314:
1310:Fullerton 2014
1302:
1265:
1232:
1195:
1168:"Impressions:
1158:
1121:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1017:
1015:, p. 172.
1002:
965:
928:
888:
854:
852:, p. 290.
842:
830:
828:, p. 142.
818:
816:, p. 378.
806:
804:, p. 408.
794:
782:
780:, p. 225.
770:
768:, p. 130.
766:Fullerton 2014
755:
740:
736:Fullerton 2014
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
714:
709:
702:
699:
678:
675:
628:
625:
592:The Black Onyx
580:side-scrolling
576:Kung-Fu Master
563:Kung-Fu Master
558:Yie Ar Kung-Fu
535:Yie Ar Kung-Fu
461:
458:
424:'s condition.
355:
352:
350:
347:
327:Super Mushroom
245:
242:
234:game balancing
212:
209:
182:
179:
173:Street Fighter
167:Monster Hunter
136:Dwarf Fortress
90:
87:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3189:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:New Game Plus
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Single-player
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:Forms of play
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Tank controls
2937:
2935:
2934:Status effect
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Line of sight
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Dialogue tree
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2273:
2271:9781118877197
2267:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1828:on 2006-06-17
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1786:, p. 46.
1785:
1780:
1772:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1726:Carreker 2012
1722:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1464:, p. 46.
1463:
1458:
1450:
1448:9781351643412
1444:
1441:. CRC Press.
1440:
1433:
1425:
1423:9780786450473
1419:
1415:
1408:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1312:, p. 79.
1311:
1306:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1058:, p. 31.
1057:
1052:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1007:
990:
986:
985:
980:
978:
969:
953:
949:
948:
943:
941:
932:
916:
912:
911:
906:
904:
895:
893:
876:
872:
868:
864:
858:
851:
846:
839:
834:
827:
822:
815:
810:
803:
798:
792:, p. 85.
791:
786:
779:
774:
767:
762:
760:
753:, p. 91.
752:
747:
745:
737:
732:
728:
718:
717:Medical state
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
667:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
647:
642:
641:
636:
635:
624:
622:
621:
620:Dragon Buster
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:
598:
594:
593:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
570:developed by
569:
565:
564:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
542:developed by
541:
540:fighting game
537:
536:
531:
529:
526:developed by
525:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
471:
467:
457:
455:
454:
449:
448:Intellivision
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:
407:
402:
400:
399:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
362:
346:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
317:
312:
307:
305:
301:
300:
295:
294:
289:
288:
283:
282:
277:
276:
270:
269:
263:
257:
256:
250:
241:
239:
235:
230:
226:
222:
219:(abbreviated
218:
208:
206:
202:
198:
196:
192:
188:
178:
175:
174:
169:
168:
163:
162:
156:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
137:
130:
128:
127:
122:
121:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
96:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:tabletop game
47:
39:
33:
19:
18:Health points
3105:Speedrunning
2909:Replay value
2775:Critical hit
2754:
2659:
2636:
2613:
2590:
2567:
2544:
2521:
2498:
2475:
2456:
2433:
2410:
2387:
2364:
2341:
2318:
2311:Bibliography
2298:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2261:
2255:
2243:
2230:. Retrieved
2221:
2203:. Retrieved
2192:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2161:
2155:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2091:
2067:. Retrieved
2047:
2028:
2022:
1999:
1982:
1975:. Retrieved
1965:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1935:
1925:
1914:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
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3093:Competitive
3088:Cooperative
3083:Multiplayer
2987:Bonus stage
2954:Fast travel
2248:Rogers 2010
2232:6 September
2126:GamesRadar+
1758:Tresca 2010
1741:Fannon 1999
1676:Rogers 2010
1652:Schell 2008
1640:Rogers 2010
1562:PC Gamer UK
1533:GamesRadar+
1474:Rogers 2010
1284:Destructoid
1247:Destructoid
1177:Destructoid
1103:Destructoid
1080:Duggan 2011
1013:Rogers 2010
938:"Exclusive
863:Adams, Tarn
838:Rogers 2010
790:Schwab 2009
669:(2002), as
666:The Getaway
661:GamesRadar+
605:(1984), an
568:beat 'em up
524:boxing game
519:Punch-Out!!
364:co-creator
322:Super Mario
299:Silent Hill
217:armor class
211:Armor class
107:game design
3166:Categories
3131:Deathmatch
3114:Game modes
3004:Open world
2914:Saved game
2884:Permadeath
2874:Paper doll
2839:Fog of war
2784:Characters
2748:Attributes
2731:Video game
2466:0967442907
2346:New Riders
2323:New Riders
2300:2022-02-23
2172:August 25,
2137:January 8,
2104:January 8,
2093:GamesRadar
2069:2021-02-06
1916:2015-01-02
1865:August 14,
1855:GamesRadar
1711:January 9,
1625:August 14,
1555:Trespasser
1462:Moore 2011
1398:2022-02-23
1370:Adams 2010
1295:August 25,
1225:August 25,
1207:Diablo III
1188:August 25,
1151:August 25,
1114:August 25,
1068:Moore 2011
1056:Novak 2013
995:August 25,
958:August 25,
921:August 25,
826:Moore 2011
802:Adams 2010
751:Moore 2011
724:References
470:Energy bar
432:'s arcade
377:Gary Gygax
354:Hit points
333:, such as
281:Trespasser
275:Dead Space
58:hit points
3073:Nonlinear
3026:Overworld
2844:Game over
2816:Mechanics
2618:CRC Press
2503:CRC Press
2480:CRC Press
2415:MIT Press
2004:CRC Press
1615:Gamasutra
1573:April 12,
1172:: Aatrox"
977:Fallout 3
903:Fallout 3
871:Gamasutra
685:and then
683:Chainmail
513:Astro Boy
500:scrolling
492:Flash Boy
488:Data East
466:Heath bar
439:Ozma Wars
398:Ironclads
387:Chainmail
382:Chainmail
304:DualShock
89:Mechanics
3146:Survival
3068:Emergent
3052:Strafing
3019:Map seed
2999:Mini-map
2992:Minigame
2924:Spawning
2889:Power-up
2879:Password
2829:Cutscene
2733:concepts
2294:Archived
2226:Archived
2205:April 7,
2199:Archived
2166:Archived
2131:Archived
2098:Archived
2060:Archived
2058:. 1982.
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1971:Archived
1942:Archived
1910:Archived
1705:Archived
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1392:Archived
1289:Archived
1252:Archived
1219:Archived
1182:Archived
1145:Archived
1108:Archived
989:Archived
952:Archived
947:PC Gamer
915:Archived
881:17 April
875:Archived
701:See also
554:knockout
528:Nintendo
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2156:Hydlide
1937:Polygon
1821:1UP.com
1700:GameSpy
1511:12 June
1388:GeekDad
1258:July 5,
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2894:Quest
2770:Magic
2194:Games
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