Headset (bicycle part)

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special adapter that clamps onto the steerer tube and gives a higher clamping position for the original stem. In addition, many riders who may have less flexibility than a seasoned racer may wish to gain more height on the handlebars, reducing the saddle-to-handlebar drop and providing a more upright and comfortable riding position. If an owner simply wishes to replace the headset with one having a slightly larger stack height, it may be possible for a bike shop or framebuilder to mill or re-face the head tube to gain an extra 1-2 mm of stack height without having to replace the fork. Many threadless fork steerer tubes are cut longer than necessary to allow for adjustments and the steerer tube above the stem is stacked with spacers that can be moved above or below the stem to fine-tune the handlebar height. Often these spacers are

426: 311: 516:'s standard, which is nameless apart from the manufacturer name. Chris King, a leading headset manufacturer, offers a vehement argument against the implementation of integrated headsets. The basis of King's argument is that headtubes with bearing "seats" are far from being machined with reasonable precision. The headset cartridge bearings therefore sit somewhat loosely in the headtube of the bicycle (as opposed to being press fit). During use, the bearings, under thrust loads, will rock in their seats and will easily damage the softer frame material (often 391:), but other standards exist. The headtube may be faced and then the cups are pressed into the headtube using a special press that ensures they are square and true. The fork crown may be faced and then the crown race is pressed on to the fork crown with a special press that also makes sure that it is square and true. Then the bearings are placed on top of the crown race, after which the steerer tube is inserted into the headtube. The upper bearings are placed in the upper cup, and the upper race is screwed onto the steerer. A washer, frequently a 17: 1365: 320: 435: 467:(now Cane Creek) registered trademark "Aheadset", and are manufactured under license. Like a traditional headset, it uses two sets of bearings and bearing cups. Unlike a threaded headset, a threadless headset does not have a threaded top headset race or use a threaded steerer tube. Instead the steerer tube extends from the fork all the way through the head tube and above the headset, and is held in place by the stem clamped on top. 285:

frame and fork is the difference between the steerer tube length and the head tube length. Stack height is critical because a headset with a greater stack height than the frame and fork will not fit; the locknut will not thread on sufficiently (threaded) or there will be no room for the stem (threadless). If the headset has a lower stack height than the frame and fork, spacers are added to make up the difference.

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bearing cups. The preload bolt does not hold the fork onto the bike; after the preload is set, the stem bolts must be tightened to secure the fork in place. The adjustment must be made such that there is no play in the bearings, but allow the fork to turn smoothly without binding or excessive friction.

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The solution is to have a 45 degree interface in the headset where this flexing movement can be accommodated, preserving the relative alignment of the races and allowing the ball bearings to take pure axial and rotational loads. Shimano cartridge bearing headsets do this by allowing the cartridges to

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A relatively recent development, integrated headsets do away with the upper and lower bearing cups on threadless headsets and instead seat the bearings directly against the head tube of the frame. Favored sometimes for their aesthetic appeal, integrated headsets reduce the number of parts involved in

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is caused merely by pressing the ball axially into the race, and it is almost impossible to replicate this damage even by striking the fork crown repeatedly with a hammer. The pits are by far deepest at the front and back of the head tube, and are actually caused by flexing of the fork blades, which

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It is important to distinguish different standards of cartridge bearings in Integrated 1⅛″ headsets. There are three integrated standards which are not compatible with each other. The numbers (45/45, 36/45, 36/36) refer to the angle on the cartridge bearing they use. All these bearings look similar.

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process. This process assures that no material is lost and the steerer would not be weakened as with a die or lathe cutting. Threaded forks necessitate that the threads on the steerer only use the top 25–51 mm (1–2 in), therefore the forks are sold in varying lengths. If there is a need to

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A less common headset failure is really a frame failure. The head tube can stretch, allowing a headset cup, which is supposed to be a tight interference fit, to become loose in the tube. Lugless frames are most vulnerable; in a lugged frame the lug reinforces the top and bottom of the head tube and

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of the stem becomes important. The steerer tube of the fork must be cut to length such that it leaves at least enough of the steerer tube protruding above the headset for the stem to clamp on to; if the steerer tube is cut longer than the stem, then spacers are used to fill the gap between the stem

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The adjustment of the headset to remove play is as follows: the upper race or cone is screwed down until it contacts the bearings in the upper cup. A slight preload is applied by turning the upper cone and additional 1/8 or 1/4 of a turn. The locknut is then tightened and the headset is checked for

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Bike frames with integrated headsets have cups machined directly in the frame, and the bearing sits directly into the frame instead of via separately installed cups. Fewer tools needed compared to traditional bearing cups which need to be pressed into the frame using special tools (or a hammer and

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Cutting the steerer tube to its minimum length prevents switching to a taller stem or to a headset cups with a higher stack height. Any increase in handlebar height after this cut requires purchasing a new fork, a stem with more angular rise (some stems can be turned over for greater height), or a

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Campagnolo Standard: 45/45. (often referred as Campagnolo standard) This is common in BMX frames, BMX-derived dirt jump frames (like the Transition Trail-Or-Park). They are also common on road bikes. Three most common manufacturers are Campagnolo, FSA and Cane Creek. Head tubes with this standard

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The stack height of a headset is the total assembled height of the headset components and, in the case of a threadless system, the stem, discounting the tangs which press into the head tube and (in the case of threaded headsets) the thickness of the top seal of the locknut. The stack height of a

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Sometimes referred to as semi-integrated headsets, internal headsets include all of the parts of conventional threadless headsets, but locate the bearings inside the head tube, instead of outside. Unlike integrated headsets, internal headsets still employ cups between the bearings and the frame

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driven down into the steerer tube that acts as an anchor by gripping the inside of the steerer tube with a downward force. The star nut may be replaced by a self expanding wedge in some designs. The bolt compresses the stem down onto spacers, usually aluminum, which in turn compress the headset

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Like threadless headsets, threaded headsets can also be internal. Under the internal design, the races and cones are embedded into the head tube, creating a tidy, streamlined appearance. No component is visible between the fork crown and head tube except for perhaps a plastic ring, and only the

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The stem, of the quill variety, is attached to the fork's steerer tube using an expander bolt which fits through the stem from the top with a wedge at the bottom, the stem fits inside the steerer tube and can be adjusted to the correct height without disturbing the headset. To free the stem for

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Cane Creek Standard: 36/45. Very common on mountain bike frames and a fair number of road frames. Most frames made by Giant that have integrated head-tubes use this standard (which amounts to a lot of bicycles). Two major manufacturers: FSA and Cane Creek. Head-tubes with this standard have a

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Forks with a threadless steerer tube are cheaper for manufacturers because they can be cut to size at the point of sale and the manufacturer can use the same forks on different frame sizes. By comparison, forks with a threaded steerer tube must be matched with a frame's headset tube length;

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FSA Standard: 36/36. No one uses this standard for fully integrated headsets (bearing sitting in frame) except for a few niche brands. There are still a lot of 36/36 bearings as they are used in all FSA's semi-integrated (internal cup) headsets and some of their standard headsets as well.

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locknut protrudes from the top of the head tube. In the image shown of the 2016 Brodie Quantum's steering assembly, the lock nut is hidden from view by a plastic cover. The widened top and bottom sections of the head tube contain the bearings. A quill stem inserts into the steering tube.

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Headsets on bicycles, particularly those without fenders, are exposed to water and grit thrown off by the front tire, which causes rust and rapid wear. Better headsets use rubber lip seals or "O" rings (dirt skirt) to try to keep water out, with varying degrees of success. External

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to extend the threads. This is not recommended if the threads need to be cut farther than an inch or so. As a side note, one should never try to thread an unthreaded steerer after manufacturing as this will weaken the steerer tube. The threads are normally of the ISO standard

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can potentially be repaired, but usually at great cost to the consumer). King also argues that the integrated headset is largely a cost-cutting measure for many of the larger bicycle manufacturers, since integrated headsets are somewhat cheaper and take less time to install.

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or centerpull brakes, a hanger may be incorporated into the headset, either as part of the washer between the top race and the lock nut in the case of threaded headsets, or as part of a spacer between the top race and the stem in the case of threadless headsets.

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Traditional bicycle head tubes and headsets are sized for a 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter steerer tube (also known as the fork column). Many frame and fork manufacturers are now building their parts around a steerer tube with a diameter of 28.6 mm

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move relative to the pressed-in cups, while Stronglight roller bearing headsets, and most threadless headsets, now have loose upper and lower races which can move relative to the cups. Modern headsets, therefore, rarely suffer from false brinelling.

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Regular allen wrenches can be used to adjust threadless headset bearings. By comparison, large, and relatively expensive, wrenches are required to adjust threaded headset bearings; their size generally precludes carrying them on the

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The order of installation of a typical headset follows. The steerer tube is cut to the appropriate length by the bicycle fork manufacturer and the top 25–51 mm (1–2 in) of the steerer is threaded using a

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On bicycles ridden only in dry conditions and/or with fenders, the normal failure mode is a progressive notchiness in the steering, described as "indexing" in the bicycle world, caused by pitting of the races or

520:, although some titanium frames are manufactured for integrated headsets). Given enough damage to the frame, there would be no choice but to replace the frame, especially if the frame is made of an aluminum 360:

Threaded headsets are used with forks that have a threaded steerer tube and are the traditional type (as shown in the above picture). There are eight parts in a threaded headset (from bottom to top): crown

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The threadless headset is a more recent design. U.S. Patent 5095770 is owned by Cane Creek Cycling Components and expired on September 29, 2010. Headsets of this type are often referred to by the

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25.4 mm (1 in) steerer tube, this may have a fork crown (the base of the fork steerer tube) of a number of different dimensions, and milling may be necessary to make some headsets fit.

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41.1 mm inner diameter, and Cane Creek claims its CC Standard headsets will fit in a Campagnolo Standard head tube using a 0.25 mm shim under the top cap of the headset.

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itself. Prominent standards in internal headsets include Chris King's InSet and Cane Creek's ZeroStack. These designs use a 44.0 mm internal headtube diameter.

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fastening are available to wrap and protect the lower race, and are removable for cleaning. Some cyclists remove the fork and reassemble with a section of old

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On bicycles which have not been maintained, water can find its way between the stem and steerer tube of threaded headsets, causing corrosion and seizing.

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In the threadless headset system, the spacers are important in placing the stem and preload bolt in the correct position on the steerer tube. Thus the

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Tightening a threadless headset requires tightening the preload bolt (or cap bolt) in the cap on the top of the stem. This bolt is connected to a

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There are a few different types of headset distinguishable by the way the bearings are held in place (with a lock nut or with a clamping

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Cane Creek Identification Guide: www.canecreek.com/manuals/Headset_Instructions/Other/Headset_Identification_and_SpecificationGuide.pdf

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660, and some manufacturers produce slightly oversized cups to cope with this situation. It is usually the lower cup that is affected.

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will often forego spacers and cut the steerer tube down to exactly match the headset bearing cup stack height plus the stem height.

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Threaded headsets use a quill stem that can be adjusted vertically over a wider range than typical threadless headset stems.

1017: 52:. A typical headset consists of two cups that are pressed into the top and bottom of the headtube. Inside the two cups are 546:

The threaded headset has recently been replaced by the threadless headset on better quality bicycles for several reasons:

87: in). The larger diameter of the head tube and headset gives added stiffness to the steering portion of the bicycle. 403:

adjustment, undo the bolt on the top of the stem a couple of turns and give the bolt a sharp tap to disengage the wedge.

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At least one manufacturer, Cane Creek, offers an after-market threadless headset bearing kits that enables changing the

592: 1257: 1225: 946:, a small amplitude, large stress movement which tears metal from the races at the points where the balls rest. 604: 575:

Threaded steerer tubes are matched to the frame at the factory simplifying the adjustment of handle bar height.

722:. Some standard dimensions of the head tube on the frame (for traditional and semi-integrated/ZeroStack) are: 107: 1559: 483:

and the conical compression washer. Bicycle racers seeking the greatest saddle-to-handlebar drop for better

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generally prevents stretching of this type. A loose cup can be fixed with a retaining compound such as

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A threadless stem is more rigidly attached to the forks, giving improved rigidity at the handlebars.

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A threadless headset and fork is marginally lighter than an equivalent threaded headset and fork.

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the headset assembly. Prominent standards for integrated headsets include Cane Creek's "IS" and

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therefore, bicycle manufacturers need to make or buy a different sized fork for each frame size.

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use a fork that is too long, meaning the fork steerer is not threaded down far enough, a

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over the lower race, which performs the same function, albeit with less convenience.

352: 1549: 934: 384: 375: 310: 217: in) and Headshok are very similar, differing only in the minimum press depth. 1564: 1594: 1554: 1534: 1123: 938: 558:

Threadless headsets and forks are quicker to install, saving manufacturing costs.

1021: 248: in) "tapered" headsets (2009 onwards). The lower bearing is 38.1 mm ( 1589: 1519: 1344: 1339: 362: 1043: 395:, is placed on top of the upper race and a locknut is screwed on top of that. 56:

which provide a low friction contact between the bearing cup and the steerer.

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is transmitted to the steerer tube. This misaligns the bearings and causes

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Cannondale Headshok. Although a Headshok steerer is close to 38.1 mm (

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Frame and headset manufacturers have developed several sizing standards:

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Threaded headset with internal bearings on 2016 Brodie Quantum bicycle

48:. The tube through which the steerer of the fork passes is called the 1544: 1462: 1319: 719: 464: 319: 49: 41: 116:

Other steerer tube sizes are becoming common, more so all the time.

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play and smooth operation. Readjustment takes place as necessary.

1503: 1401: 955: 830: 262: in) for increased stiffness and the upper is 28.6 mm ( 33: 1262: 937:, although the term stems from a misunderstanding of the cause; 607:, either loose balls, caged balls, or presealed in a cartridge; 1448: 994:

Barnett's Manual: Analysis and Procedures for Bicycle Mechanics

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http://chrisking.com/files/pdfs/InSetTechTable6-10-A%20Web.pdf

434: 172: in), as used in the OnePointFive International Standard. 1386: 541: 525: 521: 828: 718:

Traditional headset cups are pressed into a cylindrical

203: in). The headtube dimensions for 38.1 mm ( 276: in) for reduced weight and to match existing 591:. When all else remains the same, this alters the 1607: 571:Threaded headsets have some advantages as well: 36:that provides a rotatable interface between the 713: 457: in) cartridge bearing threadless headset 1278: 346: in) loose ball bearing threaded headset 134: in), originally branded Tioga "Avenger" 1143: 1063:Bicycleheadsets.com (owned by: Cane Creek). 1249:Headset types and standards, from Park Tool 880:1⅛″ Italian/Campagnolo Integrated Standard 1285: 1271: 1083: 542:Comparing threaded and threadless headsets 506: 911: 630: 582: 351: 63: 21: 15: 991: 189: in) it is actually 39.7 mm ( 1608: 1190: 1266: 603:Bicycle headset bearings are usually 619:have a 42.0 mm inner diameter. 443:An exploded view of a 28.6 mm ( 869:1⅛″ Cane Creek Integrated Standard 652:Crown-race seat diameter (nominal) 13: 1216: 996:. VeloPress. pp. 5–2 to 5–3. 858:1″ Cane Creek Integrated Standard 638: 14: 1627: 1292: 1242: 1041: 1363: 598: 433: 424: 318: 309: 1210: 1184: 1086:"Integrated HEadsets Explained" 1044:"Glossary: Threadless Headsets" 1159: 1137: 1128: 1109: 1077: 1056: 1035: 1010: 985: 649:Stem-clamp diameter (nominal) 151: in), originally branded 32:is the set of components on a 1: 978: 532: 415: 1146:"Cane Creek AngleSet review" 1144:Matt Pacocha (23 Dec 2011). 829:Integrated head tubes (with 503:spacers are also available. 7: 1018:"Advice on Buying Headsets" 714:Cylindrical bore head tubes 406: 300: 24:headset before installation 10: 1632: 961: 1512: 1476: 1415: 1372: 1361: 1300: 1084:Chris King (March 2002). 902:1.5″ Integrated Standard 1115:Chris King InSet specs: 891:1¼″ Integrated Standard 288: 59: 844:Head tube ID (nominal) 728:Head tube ID (nominal) 507:Integrated bearing cups 992:Barnett, John (2006). 966:In order to provide a 912:Wear and failure modes 357: 220:38.1 to 28.6 mm ( 69: 25: 631:Standard measurements 583:Adjustable head angle 355: 67: 19: 1407:Quick release skewer 611:are also available. 106:27.0 mm crown race ( 99:26.4 mm crown race ( 1193:"Headset Standards" 1065:"S.H.I.S. Overview" 847:Head tube standard 731:Head tube standard 589:steering axis angle 332:of a 28.6 mm ( 1254:Headset crib sheet 1222:"Indexed Steering" 1122:2010-09-20 at the 358: 70: 26: 1603: 1602: 1003:978-1-884737-87-9 972:cantilever brakes 909: 908: 826: 825: 711: 710: 387:(25.4×1.058 1623: 1367: 1287: 1280: 1273: 1264: 1263: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1195:. Archived from 1188: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1169:. Archived from 1163: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1141: 1135: 1132: 1126: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1091:. Archived from 1090: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1042:Brown, Sheldon. 1039: 1033: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1020:. 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1218:Brandt, Jobst 1213: 1199:on 2010-05-13 1198: 1194: 1187: 1173:on 2007-10-25 1172: 1168: 1162: 1147: 1140: 1131: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1112: 1098:on 2010-09-23 1094: 1087: 1080: 1066: 1059: 1045: 1038: 1024:on 2011-07-26 1023: 1019: 1013: 1005: 999: 995: 988: 984: 976: 973: 969: 959: 957: 951: 947: 945: 940: 936: 930: 928: 924: 921:bands with a 920: 904: 901: 898: 897: 893: 890: 887: 886: 882: 879: 876: 875: 871: 868: 865: 864: 860: 857: 854: 853: 849: 846: 843: 842: 839: 838:wood block). 832: 821: 818: 815: 814: 810: 807: 804: 803: 799: 796: 794:44.0 mm 793: 792: 788: 786:1″ ZeroStack 785: 783:41.4 mm 782: 781: 777: 775:1¼″ Standard 774: 771: 770: 766: 764:1⅛″ Standard 763: 760: 759: 755: 752: 750:30.1 mm 749: 748: 744: 741: 739:29.9 mm 738: 737: 733: 730: 727: 726: 723: 721: 706: 704:38.1 mm 703: 700: 699: 696:33.0 mm 695: 693:31.8 mm 692: 689: 688: 684: 681: 678: 677: 673: 671:25.4 mm 670: 667: 666: 662: 660:25.4 mm 659: 656: 655: 651: 648: 645: 644: 636: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 610: 606: 605:ball bearings 599:Bearing types 596: 595:of the bike. 594: 590: 577: 574: 573: 572: 566: 563: 560: 557: 553: 549: 548: 547: 539: 530: 527: 523: 519: 515: 504: 502: 498: 494: 488: 486: 481: 476: 473: 468: 466: 436: 427: 413: 404: 400: 396: 394: 390: 386: 381: 377: 372: 366: 364: 354: 331: 330:exploded view 321: 312: 298: 296: 286: 279: 219: 174: 157: 154: 136: 119: 118: 117: 109: 105: 102: 98: 97: 95: 94: 93: 92: 88: 66: 57: 55: 51: 47: 46:bicycle frame 43: 39: 35: 31: 23: 18: 1489:Bowden cable 1392:Spoke nipple 1324: 1229:. Retrieved 1212: 1201:. Retrieved 1197:the original 1191:Cane Creek. 1186: 1175:. Retrieved 1171:the original 1161: 1150:. Retrieved 1139: 1130: 1111: 1100:. Retrieved 1093:the original 1079: 1068:. Retrieved 1058: 1047:. Retrieved 1037: 1026:. Retrieved 1022:the original 1012: 993: 987: 965: 952: 948: 931: 915: 836: 811:Traditional 778:Traditional 767:Traditional 756:Traditional 745:Traditional 717: 634: 625: 621: 617: 613: 602: 586: 570: 545: 536: 510: 497:carbon fiber 489: 485:aerodynamics 480:stack height 479: 477: 469: 462: 410: 401: 397: 393:keyed washer 367: 359: 292: 283: 115: 91:Common sizes 90: 89: 71: 38:bicycle fork 29: 27: 1585:Skirt guard 1530:Bottle cage 1513:Peripherals 1494:Cable guide 1444:Master link 1148:. BikeRadar 905:Integrated 894:Integrated 883:Integrated 872:Integrated 861:Integrated 383:1″-24 280:interfaces. 155:"Evolution" 153:Gary Fisher 20:Parts of a 1580:Reflectors 1575:Spoke card 1454:Derailleur 1417:Drivetrain 1397:Valve stem 1355:Suspension 1310:Handlebars 1231:2008-05-30 1203:2010-04-26 1177:2007-04-11 1152:2013-04-14 1102:2010-02-24 1070:2012-12-20 1049:2009-05-15 1028:2009-05-15 979:References 927:inner tube 822:ZeroStack 800:ZeroStack 789:ZeroStack 685:30.015 mm 514:Campagnolo 416:Threadless 378:can use a 22:threadless 1570:Saddlebag 1560:Mudguards 1545:Kickstand 1463:Gear case 1458:Hub gears 1320:Head tube 855:38.15 mm 805:49.61 mm 772:36.95 mm 720:head tube 465:Dia-Compe 110:standard) 103:standard) 50:head tube 42:head tube 1610:Category 1565:Panniers 1550:Lighting 1468:Sprocket 1430:Crankset 1350:Fork end 1335:Seatpost 1120:Archived 944:fretting 919:Neoprene 899:52.1 mm 888:47.0 mm 877:42.0 mm 866:41.1 mm 831:chamfers 682:28.6 mm 533:Internal 518:aluminum 501:titanium 493:aluminum 472:star nut 407:Internal 301:Threaded 54:bearings 40:and the 1535:Fairing 1504:Ferrule 1484:Shifter 1477:Cabling 1402:Dustcap 1325:Headset 962:Add-ons 956:Loctite 753:1″ ISO 742:1″ JIS 668:1″ JIS 657:1″ ISO 452:⁄ 371:rolling 341:⁄ 271:⁄ 257:⁄ 243:⁄ 229:⁄ 212:⁄ 198:⁄ 184:⁄ 167:⁄ 146:⁄ 129:⁄ 82:⁄ 34:bicycle 30:headset 1590:Fender 1520:Basket 1449:Cogset 1374:Wheels 1340:Saddle 1000: 923:Velcro 499:, but 1499:Brake 1435:Chain 1425:Pedal 1387:Spoke 1302:Frame 1096:(PDF) 1089:(PDF) 968:cable 701:1.5″ 555:road. 526:steel 522:alloy 289:Types 60:Sizes 44:of a 1525:Bell 1439:Belt 1382:Tire 1330:Fork 1315:Stem 998:ISBN 690:1¼″ 679:1⅛″ 363:race 295:stem 278:stem 28:The 1256:by 495:or 385:TPI 380:die 328:An 234:to 108:JIS 101:ISO 1612:: 1224:. 1220:. 389:mm 200:16 1456:/ 1437:/ 1286:e 1279:t 1272:v 1234:. 1206:. 1180:. 1155:. 1105:. 1073:. 1052:. 1031:. 1006:. 833:) 454:8 450:1 447:+ 445:1 343:8 339:1 336:+ 334:1 273:8 269:1 266:+ 264:1 259:2 255:1 252:+ 250:1 245:8 241:1 238:+ 236:1 231:2 227:1 224:+ 222:1 214:2 210:1 207:+ 205:1 196:9 193:+ 191:1 186:2 182:1 179:+ 177:1 169:2 165:1 162:+ 160:1 148:4 144:1 141:+ 139:1 131:8 127:1 124:+ 122:1 84:8 80:1 77:+ 75:1 73:(

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