Hawaiian sovereignty movement

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improve Native Hawaiians' conditions, including health, education, employment and training, children's services, conservation programs, fish and wildlife protection, agricultural programs, and native language immersion programs. Congress created the Hawaiian Homes Commission (HHC) in 1921. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) was the result of a 1978 amendment to the Hawaiʻi State Constitution and controls over $ 1 billion from the Ceded Lands Trust, spending millions to address Native Hawaiians' needs. Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation Executive Director Mahealani Kamauʻu has said that only in the last 25 years have Native Hawaiians "had a modicum of political empowerment and been able to exercise direct responsibility for their own affairs, that progress has been made in so many areas". These programs have opposition and critics who believe they are ineffective and badly managed.

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Puyallup/Muckleshoot tribe (Washington State). The effort to retake Kahoʻolawe eventually claimed the lives of Helm and Kimo Mitchell. Helm and Mitchell (who were accompanied by Billy Mitchell, no relation) ran into severe weather and were unable to reach Kahoʻolawe. Despite extensive rescue and recovery efforts, they were never recovered. Ritte became a leader in the Hawaiian community, coordinating community efforts including for water rights, opposition to land development, and the protection of marine animals and ocean resources. He now leads the effort to create state legislation requiring the labeling of

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act created the Hawaiian Sovereignty Advisory Committee to provide guidance with "(1) Conducting special elections related to this Act; (2) Apportioning voting districts; (3) Establishing the eligibility of convention delegates; (4) Conducting educational activities for Hawaiian voters, a voter registration drive, and research activities in preparation for the convention; (5) Establishing the size and composition of the convention delegation; and (6) Establishing the dates for the special election. Act 200 amended Act 359 establishing the Hawaiʻi Sovereignty Elections Council".

44: 959: 1272: 802:. Through enactment of 183 federal laws over 90 years, the U.S. has entered into an implicit—rather than explicit—trust relationship that does not formally recognize a sovereign people with the right of self-determination. Without an explicit law, Native Hawaiians may not be eligible for entitlements, funds and benefits afforded to other U.S. indigenous peoples. Native Hawaiians are recognized by the U.S. government through legislation with a unique status. Proposals have been made to treat Native Hawaiians as a 1382:, who has taken the title of queen, and Jessica Wright, who has taken the title of princess, it has been meeting daily to conduct "government business" and demand sovereignty for Hawaii and restoration of the monarchy. It negotiated rights to be on the lawn of the grounds during regular hours normally open to the public by applying for a public-assembly permit. Kahau said that "protest" and "sovereignty group" mischaracterize the group, but that it is a seat of government. 1250:, which aired on PBS in 2006 and featured Pisciotta. The Hawaii State Constitution guarantees Native Hawaiians' religious and cultural rights. Many of Hawaii's laws can be traced to Kingdom of Hawaii law. Hawaiʻi Revised Statute § 1-1 codifies Hawaiian custom and gives deference to native traditions. In the early 1970s, managers of Mauna Kea did not seem to pay much attention to Native Hawaiians' complaints about the mountain's sacredness. Mauna Kea Anaina Hou, the 823: 6444: 676:

desire for her to grant them amnesty. In a December 19, 1893, meeting with the leaders of the provisional government, Willis presented a letter by Liliuokalani in which she agreed to grant the revolutionaries amnesty if she were restored as queen. During the conference, Willis told the provisional government to surrender to Liliuokalani and allow Hawaii to return to its previous condition, but the leader of the provisional government,

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that there was no dispute they could decide, because the U.S. was not a party to the arbitration. As stated in the award from the arbitration panel, "in the absence of the United States of America, the Tribunal can neither decide that Hawaii is not part of the USA, nor proceed on the assumption that it is not. To take either course would be to disregard a principle which goes to heart of the arbitral function in international law."

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decision, the court wrote: "the ancestral inquiry mandated by the State is forbidden by the Fifteenth Amendment for the further reason that the use of racial classifications is corruptive of the whole legal order democratic elections seek to preserve....Distinctions between citizens solely because of their ancestry are by their very nature odious to a free people whose institutions are founded upon the doctrine of equality".

559:. In the first 100 years of contact with Western civilization, due to disease and war, the Hawaiian population dropped by 90%, to only 53,900 in 1876. American missionaries arrived in 1820 and assumed great power and influence. Despite formal recognition of the Kingdom of Hawaii by the United States and other world powers, the kingdom was 1326:

David Keanu Sai and Kamana Beamer are two Hawaiian scholars whose works use international law to argue for the rights of a Hawaiian Kingdom existing today and call for an end to U.S. occupation of the islands. Trained as a U.S. military officer, Sai uses the title of chairman of the Acting Council of

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between 1900 and 1902. But due to its radical and extreme philosophy of Hawaiian nationalism, infighting was prominent. This, in addition to its refusal to work with other parties, meant that it was unable to pass any legislation. After the 1902 election it steadily declined until disbanding in 1912.

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for the protection of British interests; the ship's captain predicted that the U.S. military would restore the Queen and Sovereign ruler (Lili'uokalani). In a November 1893 meeting with Willis, Lili'uokalani said she wanted the revolutionaries punished and their property confiscated, despite Willis's

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was proposed, which provided a process for federal recognition of Native Hawaiians, and gave ethnic Hawaiians some control over land and natural resource negotiations. But sovereignty groups opposed the bill because of its provisions that legitimized illegal land transfers, and it was criticized by a

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and because of a Supreme Court decision prohibiting states from conducting race-based elections. In October 2015, a federal judge declined to stop the process. The case was appealed with a formal emergency request to stop the voting until the appeal was heard; the request was denied. On November 24,

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In 1993, the State of Hawaiʻi adopted Act 359 "to acknowledge and recognize the unique status the native Hawaiian people bear to the State of Hawaii and to the United States and to facilitate the efforts of native Hawaiians to be governed by an indigenous sovereign nation of their own choosing." The

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in 2000. Although Sai and Lance Paul Larsen agreed to the arbitration, with Larsen suing Sai for not protecting his rights as a Hawaiian Kingdom subject, his actual goal was to have U.S. rule in Hawaii declared a breach of mutual treaty obligations and international law. The case's arbiters affirmed

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is a medical doctor and founding chair of the Department of Medicine at the University of Hawai'i John Burns School of Medicine who advocates for Hawaiian independence. The group began in the late 1980s as the Pā Kaukau coalition with the aim to supply information that could support the sovereignty

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ALOHA sought reparations for Native Hawaiians by hiring a former U.S. representative to write a bill that, while not ratified, did spawn a congressional study. The study was allowed only six months and was accused of relying on biased information from a historian hired by the territorial government

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announced that the settlement of the situation in Hawaii would be up to Congress, following Willis's unsatisfactory progress. Cleveland said that Willis had carried out the letter of his directions rather than their spirit. Domestic response to Willis's and Cleveland's efforts was largely negative.

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began organizing groups based on their own national interests such as ceded lands, free education, reparations payments, free housing, reform of the Hawaiian Homelands Act and development within the islands. According to Budnick, Louisa Rice established the group in 1969. Charles Kauluwehi Maxwell

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had carried out unauthorized partisan activities, including the landing of U.S. Marines under a false or exaggerated pretext to support anti-royalist conspirators; the report also found that these actions were instrumental to the revolution's success and that the revolution was carried out against

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Those involved with the Advisory Committee forums believed that the question of the political status for Native Hawaiians has become difficult. But in 2000, a panel of the committee stated that Native Hawaiians have maintained a unique community. Federal and state programs have been designated to

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elections, asserting that every Hawaiian citizen regardless of racial background should be able to vote for state offices, and that limiting the vote to Native Hawaiians is racist. In 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in his favor, and OHA elections are now open to all registered voters. In its

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The effort to regain Kahoʻolawe from the U.S. Navy inspired new political awareness and activism in the Hawaiian community. Charles Maxwell and other community leaders began to plan a coordinated effort to land on the island, which was still under Navy control. The effort for the "first landing"

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activist organizations and individuals who were critical of issues affecting modern Hawaii, including the islands' urbanization and commercial development, corruption in the Hawaiian Homelands program, and appropriation of native burial grounds and other sacred spaces. In the 1980s, the movement

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U.S. census information shows approximately 401,162 Native Hawaiians living in the U.S. in 2000. Sixty percent live in the continental U.S. and forty percent in Hawaii. Between 1990 and 2000, people identifying as Native Hawaiian had grown by 90,000, while those identifying as pure Hawaiian had

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As the larger group headed toward the island, it was intercepted by military crafts. "The Kahoʻolawe Nine" continued and landed on the island. They were Ritte, Emmett Aluli, George Helm, Gail Kawaipuna Prejean, Stephen K. Morse, Kimo Aluli, Aunty Ellen Miles, Ian Lind, and Karla Villalba of the

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Hayden Burgess, an attorney who goes by the Hawaiian name Poka Laenui, heads the Institute for the Advancement of Hawaiian Affairs. Laenui argues that because of the four international treaties with the U.S. government (1826, 1849, 1875, and 1883), the "U.S. armed invasion and overthrow" of the

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would have government-to-government relations. The group believes that there are problems with the process and version of the bill. Still, Trask supported the original Akaka Bill and was a member of a group that crafted it. Trask has been critical of the bill's 20-year limitation on all claims

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wrote, "The idea of sending out a minister accredited to the President of a new republic, having him present his credentials to that President and address him as 'Great and Good Friend,' and then deliberately set to work to organize a conspiracy to overthrow his Government and re-establish the

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In 1993, Blaisdell convened Ka Ho'okolokolonui Kanaka Maoli, the "People's International Tribunal", which brought indigenous leaders from around the world to Hawaii to put the U.S. government on trial for the theft of Hawaii's sovereignty and other related violations of international law. The

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supported the bill. The bill is considered a reconciliation process, but it has not had that effect, instead being the subject of much controversy and political fighting in many arenas. American opponents argue that Congress is disregarding U.S. citizens for special interests and sovereignty

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Kanahele made headlines again in 1995 when his group gave sanctuary to Nathan Brown, a Native Hawaiian activist who had refused to pay federal taxes in protest against the U.S. presence in Hawaii. Kanahele was arrested, convicted, and sentenced to eight months in federal prison, along with a

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began in Waikapu (Maui) on January 5, 1976. Over 50 people from across the Hawaiian islands, including a range of cultural leaders, gathered on Maui with the goal of "invading" Kahoolawe on January 6, 1976. The date was selected because of its association with the U.S. bicentennial.

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activists believe this will further erode their rights, as the 1921 blood quantum rule of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act did. In 2011, a governor-appointed committee began to gather and verify Native Hawaiians' names for the purpose of voting on a Native Hawaiian nation.

4695:"Originally named the 'Hawaiian Coalition of Native Claims,' the organization fought against a then-new wave of dispossession from the land to make way for a boom in urban development. Since then, NHLC has worked steadily to establish Native Hawaiian rights jurisprudence." 594:

to investigate the events surrounding the January 1893 coup, conducted the report. It provides the first evidence that officially identifies U.S. complicity in the overthrow of the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Blount concluded that U.S. Minister to Hawaii

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gained cultural and political traction and native resistance grew in response to urbanization and native disenfranchisement. Local and federal legislation provided some protection for native communities but did little to quell expanding commercial development.

1098:, and inclusion of Native Hawaiians in federal Indian policy. It is considered the largest sovereignty movement group, reporting a membership of 21,000 in 1997. One of its goals is to reclaim ceded lands. In 1993, the group led 10,000 people on a march to the 1242:

cultural groups with environmental concerns in Hawaii. The group is described as a "Native Hawaiian organization comprised of cultural and lineal descendants, and traditional, spiritual and religious practitioners of the sacred traditions of Mauna Kea."

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CEO Kelii Akina filed suit to see the names on the roll, won, and found serious flaws. The Native Hawaiian Roll Commission has since purged the list of names of deceased persons as well as those whose mailing or email addresses could not be verified.

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Blaisdell and the 12 groups that comprise the Ka Pākaukau believe in a "nation-within-a-nation" concept as a start to independence and are willing to negotiate with the President of the United States as "representatives of our nation as co-equals".

1683:. On November 27, Kennedy stopped the election tallying and naming of delegates. The decision did not stop the voting itself, and a spokesman for the Naʻi Aupuni continued to encourage those eligible to vote before the November 30, 2015, deadline. 1655:

announced a procedure to recognize a Native Hawaiian government. The Native Hawaiian Roll Commission was created to find and register Native Hawaiians. The nine-member commission has prepared a roll of registered individuals of Hawaiian heritage.

1298:(PKO) filed suit in U.S. federal court to stop the Navy's use of Kahoolawe for bombardment training, to require compliance with a number of new environmental laws, and to ensure protection of cultural resources on the island. In 1977, the 5024: 1093:

was its first leader. Trask was elected the first kia'aina (governor) of Ka Lahui. The organization has a constitution, elected offices and representatives for each island. The group supports federal recognition, independence from the

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against the U.S., saying: "We would not be able to address the illegal overthrow, address the breach of trust issues" and "We're looking at a terrible history.... That history needs to be remedied." The organization was a part of

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The Royal Order of Kamehameha I continues its work in observance and preservation of some native Hawaiian rituals and customs established by the leaders of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. It is often consulted by the U.S. government, the

3061:"Spiritual connection of Queen Liliuokalani's book "Hawaii's Story" to the forming of the Aboriginal Lands of Hawaiian Ancestry (ALOHA) to get reparations from the United States Of America for the Illegal Overthrow of 1893" 513:

2006 U.S. Commission on Civil Rights report (which was later reversed in 2018) for the effect it would have on non-ethnic Hawaiian populations. A 2005 Grassroot Institute poll found that most Hawaiian residents opposed the

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The U.S. constitution recognizes Native American tribes as domestic, dependent nations with inherent rights of self-determination through the U.S. government as a trust responsibility, which was extended to include

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The election was expected to cost about $ 150,000, and voting was carried out by Elections America, a firm based in Washington, D.C. The constitutional convention has an estimated cost of $ 2.6 million.

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Cultural practitioner Joshua Lanakila Mangauil, along with Kahoʻokahi Kanuha and Hawaiian sovereignty supporters block the access road to Mauna Kea in October 2014, demonstrating against the building of the

2497: 1366:, the Hawaiian flag was raised at the same height at and alongside other countries. But the court accepts arbitration from private entities, and a hearing before it does not mean international recognition. 2552: 2456: 1571:

Native Hawaiians' growing frustration over Hawaiian homelands and the 100th anniversary of the overthrow pushed the Hawaiian sovereignty movement to the forefront of politics in Hawaii. In 1993, President

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Chen MS (1994). "Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, M.D., Founding Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Hawai'i John Burns School of Medicine and Premier Native Hawaiian (Kanaka Maoli) health scholar".

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wrote, "If Minister Willis has not already been ordered to quit meddling in Hawaiian affairs and mind his own business, no time should be lost in giving him emphatic instructions to that effect." The

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who became concerned that a stone family shrine she had built for her grandmother and family was removed and found at a dump. She is one of several people who sued to stop the construction of the

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The Aboriginal Lands of Hawaiian Ancestry (ALOHA) and the Principality of Aloha were organized sometime in the late 1960s or 1970s when Native Alaskan and American Indian activism was beginning.

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is the group's spokesperson and head of state. In contrast to other independence organizations that lean to the restoration of the monarchy, it advocates a republican government.

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to overturn the Bayonet Constitution. The faction was financed by Chinese businessmen who lost rights under the 1887 Constitution. The movement initiated what became known as the

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wrote: "Is it not high time to stop the business of interference with the domestic affairs of foreign nations? Hawaii is 2000 miles from our nearest coast. Let it alone." The

5720: 3819: 2650: 469:'s mismanagement, and participation in human trafficking of Hawaiian women by U.S. servicemen are some of the contemporary matters relevant to the sovereignty movement. 1677: 192: 5265: 1493:(d. 1992), Hawaiian nationalist, activist, advocate for the Hawaiian sovereignty movement, and founder of the Hawaiian Coalition of Native Claims, now known as the 7919: 6480: 3391:"Akaka bill proponents prepare to wait for passage amid weightier concerns; But others say the bill is flawed and should be fixed before a full congressional vote" 668:, the provisional government and citizens of Hawaii were ready to rush to arms if necessary, but it was widely believed that Willis's threat of force was a bluff. 2420:

Report Committee Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Accompanying Testimony, Executive Documents transmitted Congress January 1, 1893, March 10, 1891, p 2144

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of Native Hawaiians is not a legitimate path to Hawaiian nationhood and that the U.S. government should not be involved in reestablishing Hawaiian sovereignty.

6627: 3573: 5811: 5700: 2547: 1639: 775: 84: 4816:"Reconciliation at a Crossroads: The Implications of the Apology Resolution and Rice v. Cayetano for Federal and State Programs Benefiting Native Hawaiians" 5878: 5849: 4785: 3742: 2100: 759: 563:

beginning January 17, 1893, with a coup d'état orchestrated mostly by Americans within the kingdom's legislature, supported by armed sailors landed by the

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The year of hearings found most speakers with strong opposition to the U.S. government's involvement in Hawaiian sovereignty, with opponents arguing that

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tribunal found the U.S. guilty, and published its findings in a lengthy document filed with the U.N. Committees on Human Rights and Indigenous Affairs.

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established the Democratic Party of Hawaii. The party was generally more pragmatic than the Home Rule Party, and gained sponsorship from the American

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There has also been opposition to the concept of ancestry-based sovereignty, which critics maintain is tantamount to racial exclusion. In 1996, in

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arrived, Hawaii had a well-established culture, with a population estimated between 400,000 and 900,000. Starting in 1795 and completed by 1810,

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It has pursued its agenda through educational initiatives and legislative actions. Along with protests throughout the islands, at the capital (

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Resolution on Kānaka Maoli Self-Determination and Reinscription of Ka Pae ʻĀina (Hawaiʻi) on the U.N. list of Non-Self-Governing Territories

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Tate, Merze. (1965). The United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom: A Political History. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 235.

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that overthrew the kingdom as well as from U.S. Navy historians. The commission assigned to the study recommended against reparations.

891: 4612: 4223: 2574: 2183: 4735: 249: 4989: 4634: 4404: 1908: 4128: 1652: 1417: 7332: 6596: 6466: 5746: 5482: 5047: 8541: 5505: 3811: 770:. The 1959 referendum did not have an option for independence from the United States. After Hawaii's admission as a state, the 766:

on March 18, 1959, following a referendum in which at least 93% of voters approved of statehood. By then, most voters were not

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announced plans to hold hearings to establish the possibility of federal recognition of Native Hawaiians as an Indian tribe.

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organization. He has done extensive historical research, especially on the treaties between Hawaii and other nations, and on

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and many attempts to restore it, Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898 without any input from Native Hawaiians. It became a

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will organize the constitutional convention and election of delegates using the roll, which began collecting names in 2011.

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authority of the deposed Queen, is repugnant to every man who holds American honor and justice in any sort of respect." The

8160: 8085: 6877: 6841: 6543: 6127: 4688: 5677: 1580:, known as the "Apology Bill", for U.S. involvement in the 1893 overthrow. The bill makes a commitment to reconciliation. 488:

Coinciding with other 1960s and 1970s indigenous activist movements, the Hawaiian sovereignty movement was spearheaded by

6617: 5979: 5017:"Interior Considers Procedures to Reestablish a Government-to-Government Relationship with the Native Hawaiian Community" 4709: 2739: 799: 146: 1866: 1453: 1374:

About 70 members of one separatist group, the "Hawaiian Kingdom Government", which claimed about 1,000 members in 2008,

1163: 625:, bringing with him an anticipation of an American invasion in order to restore the monarchy, which became known as the 8326: 5964: 5610: 4197: 3064: 1741: 970:

A highly organized group formed in 1883 from the various islands with a name that reflected Hawaiian cultural beliefs.

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Ka Lāhui and many sovereignty groups oppose the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2009 (known as the "

875: 579: 387: 115: 69: 834: 6653: 6558: 5941: 5911: 5710: 4521: 3565: 1375: 1044: 739: 630: 187: 110: 5808: 3788: 8411: 8266: 7515: 7322: 6586: 6112: 5130:"Interior Proposes Path for Re-Establishing Government-to-Government Relationship with Native Hawaiian Community" 2967: 2363:

Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars, The: A Political, Social, and Military History

1480: 1458: 1238:. Mauna Kea Anaina Hou ("People who pray for the mountain",) and its sister group, Mauna Kea Hui, are indigenous 902:, he established, by special decree, the Order of Kamehameha I on April 11, 1865, named to honor his grandfather 5882: 4762: 3238: 1890: 1378:

for about two hours, disrupting tours on April 30, 2008. The incident ended without violence or arrests. Led by

8115: 8070: 7327: 7148: 6489: 6036: 4495: 1934: 1888:"The Rape of Paradise: The Second Century Hawai'ians Grope Toward Sovereignty As The U.S. President Apologizes" 1363: 1351: 1303: 1214: 603: 3711: 2429:

History of later years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the revolution of 1893 By William De Witt Alexander, p 103

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called Willis's trip a "forlorn and humiliating failure to carry out Mr. Cleveland's outrageous project." The

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are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of

8205: 8200: 8090: 8075: 7812: 7432: 7080: 6576: 6237: 5969: 5614: 4664: 2805:"Towards Hawaiian Independence: Native Americans warn Native Hawaiians of the dangers of Federal Recognition" 1664: 1604: 1507: 1315: 1227: 4763:"Musical Melanesianism: Imagining and Expressing Regional Identity and Solidarity in Popular Song and Video" 3847: 3640:

Three Sisters Ponds: My Journey from Street Cop to FBI Special Agent- from Baltimore to Lockerbie and Beyond

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on June 6, 1900. The party was generally more radical than the Democratic Party of Hawaii. It dominated the

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newspapers to defend Cleveland's decisions, writing, "Mr. Willis discharged his duty as he understood it."

450:, and the erosion of native traditions to the lack of native governance and political self-determination. 443: 8190: 5733: 4469: 1263:

Hawaiian monarchy, a "friendly government", was illegal in both American and international jurisprudence.

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The Ethnic Studies Story: Politics and Social Movements in Hawai'i : Essays in Honor of Marion Kelly

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Treaties with American Indians: An Encyclopedia of Rights, Conflicts, and Sovereignty [3 volumes]

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probation period in which he was barred from the puʻuhonua and participation in his sovereignty efforts.

871: 863: 234: 3682:. International Indian Treaty Council and the United Confederation of Taino People. p. 4 (note 6). 3239:

Noelani Goodyear-Kaʻopua; Ikaika Hussey; Erin Kahunawaikaʻala Kahunawaikaʻala Wright (August 27, 2014).

8185: 8065: 7096: 6503: 6360: 6051: 6031: 5701:"Pride in Hawaiian Culture Reawakened: Seeds of Sovereignty Movement Sown during 1960s–70s Renaissance" 2620: 2001: 1672: 1671:

Akina again filed suit to stop the election because funding of the project comes from a grant from the

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said: "Mr. Cleveland lacks ... the first essential qualification of a referee or arbitrator." The

218: 5799:, paper by Dr. Kekuni Blaisdell presented August 24, 1991, at a panel on Puʻuhonua in Hawaiian Culture 7359: 7055: 6548: 6174: 6006: 6001: 4052: 1746: 1001: 995: 619: 213: 8145: 7867: 4318: 2283:

Ponterotto, Casas, Suzuki, Alexander, Joseph G., J. Manuel, Lisa A., Charlene M. (August 24, 2009).

1390: 926:, and Hawaiʻi's county governments in native Hawaiian-sensitive rites performed at state functions. 914:. Its purpose is to promote and defend the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Until the reign of 8462: 8120: 7924: 6836: 6297: 6097: 6066: 3359: 2606: 2488: 1470: 1254:, and the Sierra Club united in opposition to the Keck's proposal to add six outrigger telescopes. 1005: 983: 151: 4029: 1443: 1117:, which begins the process of federal recognition of a Native Hawaiian government, with which the 7904: 7376: 7280: 7191: 7106: 6985: 6373: 2614: 1766: 1024: 652: 647:, directing their guns toward the capital. He also ordered Rear Admiral John Irwin to organize a 458: 447: 8482: 7437: 5762: 5597: 4547: 2804: 1434:

and Consultant on Independence, Hawaiian Sovereignty Advisory Commission, State of Hawaii (1993)

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Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi was formed in 1987 as a local grassroots initiative for Hawaiian sovereignty.

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filmed on location in Hawaii at Puʻuhonua o Waimanalo. This was followed by a 2017 episode of

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This organization existed before the overthrow to support a new constitution and was based in

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On December 16, the British Minister to Hawaii was given permission to land marines from HMS

462: 303: 166: 5483:

Paradoxes of Hawaiian Sovereignty: Land, Sex, and the Colonial Politics of State Nationalism

2671: 8556: 8381: 8180: 8029: 7989: 7964: 7807: 7777: 7762: 7752: 7721: 7716: 7706: 7680: 7641: 7535: 7412: 7407: 7386: 7349: 7317: 7285: 7275: 7254: 7181: 7065: 6980: 6940: 6767: 6714: 6414: 6404: 6383: 6041: 5904: 5872: 5449:. Macmillan, New York, 1968. Paperback edition, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1974. 4604: 4067: 1235: 953: 858: 755: 664:. On January 11, 1894, Willis revealed the invasion to be a hoax. After the arrival of the 269: 182: 4663:. The Hawaii Independent Corporation/Archipelago. The Hawaiian independent. Archived from 1036: 687:, which contradicted Blount's report by concluding that all participants except for Queen 8: 8431: 8311: 8105: 8044: 8009: 7914: 7817: 7772: 7737: 7701: 7696: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7605: 7551: 7499: 7489: 7422: 7391: 7344: 7249: 7165: 7138: 7101: 7028: 6995: 6975: 6945: 6831: 6731: 6581: 6429: 6388: 6320: 5705: 4326: 3677:"United States' Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 3536:"A Century After Queen's Overthrow, Talk of Sovereignty Shakes Hawaii – NYTimes.com" 2931:

The Rights of My People: Liliuokalani's Enduring Battle with the United States, 1893–1917

2238: 1537: 1503: 1332: 1176: 1118: 1052: 1032: 911: 810:; opponents to the tribal approach argue that it is not a legitimate path to nationhood. 751: 747: 658: 399: 395: 264: 161: 125: 4132: 4071: 1191:, 11 generations removed. The group ceased its occupation in exchange for the return of 8517: 8467: 8220: 8100: 7974: 7949: 7757: 7675: 7646: 7595: 7585: 7530: 7525: 7459: 7449: 7427: 7381: 7259: 7227: 7143: 7128: 7123: 6990: 6898: 6856: 6762: 6752: 6747: 6726: 6709: 6669: 6591: 6345: 6169: 6159: 6144: 6092: 5868: 5839: 4228: 2527: 2316: 1771: 1756: 1706: 1645: 1577: 1302:

allowed the Navy's use of this island to continue, but directed the Navy to prepare an

1056: 803: 743: 727: 600:

the wishes of a majority of the population of the Hawaiian Kingdom and/or its royalty.

497: 466: 424: 416:

in the 1860s, and the movement regards them as under illegal occupation along with the

372: 274: 120: 8110: 5743: 5730:

chronology of legislative and legal events relating to Hawaiian sovereignty since 1996

5379:

Islands in Captivity: The International Tribunal on the Rights of Indigenous Hawaiians

958: 43: 8492: 8477: 8271: 7959: 7651: 7600: 7556: 7417: 7354: 7186: 7153: 6958: 6950: 6851: 6788: 6553: 6538: 6518: 6252: 6107: 6061: 6026: 5996: 5949: 5835: 5626: 5618: 5552: 5538: 5524: 5510: 5494: 5471: 5457: 5436: 5422: 5414: 5400: 5386: 5368: 5354: 5195: 4967: 4930: 4891: 4852: 4432: 4396: 4388: 4161: 4107: 3984: 3945: 3906: 3644: 3602: 3502: 3477: 3327: 3285: 3246: 3204: 3138: 3128: 3096: 3039: 3000: 2935: 2870: 2768: 2634: 2624: 2367: 2290: 2168:

Treaties with American Indians: An Encyclopedia of Rights, Conflicts, and Sovereignty

2134: 2066: 1964: 1838: 1827: 1807: 1716: 1595:, a bill to create the legal framework to establish a Hawaiian government. President 1512: 1490: 1483:, Hawaiian cultural practitioner and leader of the international movement to protect 1280: 1208: 1196: 907: 887: 692: 648: 583: 564: 556: 505: 438:

Sovereignty advocates have attributed problems plaguing native communities including

348: 5805:: award-winning documentary, film/video resources, and sovereignty-related A/V tools 1519:, department chair at University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, sovereignty activist, and poet 1199:, where it established a village, cultural center, and puʻuhonua (place of refuge). 8406: 8215: 8095: 7610: 7590: 7206: 7201: 7133: 7113: 7007: 6935: 6903: 6783: 6699: 6523: 6508: 6409: 6267: 6184: 6139: 6021: 5974: 5073: 4777: 2101:"Hawaii State Commission on the Status of Women launches anti-trafficking campaign" 1696: 1617: 1531: 1516: 1336: 1271: 1239: 1142: 1073: 1048: 732: 716: 680:, refused, claiming that he was not subject to the authority of the United States. 634: 615: 607: 591: 489: 477: 432: 417: 413: 105: 53: 5809:

2004 Presentation given by Umi Perkins at a Kamehameha Schools research conference

5594:

Ulukau: Hawaiian Electronic Library: Hoʻolaupaʻi – Hawaiian Nupepa Collection

4815: 4499: 4352: 391: 8386: 8356: 7881: 7290: 7196: 7033: 6458: 6350: 6330: 6325: 6315: 6192: 6164: 6102: 6016: 5991: 5897: 5815: 5796: 5774: 5769: 5750: 5724: 5681: 5382: 5136:. Office of the Secretary of the Department of the interior. September 29, 2015. 4692: 4383: 3900: 3743:"Waimanalo Blues: The political and cultural pitfalls into which Cameron Crowe's 3033: 2835: 1894: 1858: 1761: 1731: 1680: 1633: 1622: 1412: 1114: 795: 767: 698: 677: 596: 587: 376: 8436: 4685: 1477:

and his protection of the mountain and was found not guilty on January 16, 2016.

8341: 8321: 7889: 7038: 5674: 5433:

Hawaiian Apartheid: Racial Separatism and Ethnic Nationalism in the Aloha State

2731: 1751: 1522: 1449: 1169: 1090: 779: 771: 704: 539:

Native Hawaiians' ancestors may have arrived in the Hawaiian Islands around 350

100: 4103:

Latent Destinies: Separatism and the State in Hawaiʻi, Alaska, and Puerto Rico

3277: 1246:

The issue of cultural rights on the mountain was the focus of the documentary

633:. With the hysteria of a military assault, he staged a mock invasion with the 402:. The movement generally views both the overthrow and annexation as illegal. 8535: 7984: 7979: 7934: 7929: 7909: 7232: 6908: 6448: 6340: 6335: 5622: 5570: 4392: 2138: 1541: 1427: 1404: 1099: 1095: 684: 530: 405: 383: 244: 239: 49: 6117: 5780: 5634: 5630: 4400: 4193: 3875:"World's Largest Telescope Faces Opposition from Native Hawaiian Protesters" 3060: 3035:

Hawaii's Forgotten History: 1900–1999: The Good...The Bad...The Embarrassing

2904:"Way of the Warrior: Native Hawaiian lecture series reveals ancient secrets" 2231:"Recent Survey of Hawaii residents shows two out of three oppose Akaka bill" 1811: 8513: 8401: 8251: 8014: 7999: 7969: 7939: 7899: 6305: 5789: 3481: 2833: 2493: 1596: 1588: 1573: 1499: 1291: 1188: 1103: 1055:

and effectively lobbied to set aside 200,000 acres (810 km) under the

903: 899: 879: 710: 688: 552: 548: 5986: 4926:

Colonialism and Beyond: Race and Migration from a Postcolonial Perspective

2646: 651:

using troops on the two American ships, which were joined by the Japanese

8472: 8441: 8421: 8301: 8256: 8210: 8039: 8024: 8019: 7954: 7894: 7371: 7244: 5759:

on Native Hawaiian student activism at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

5104:"Interior Department announces procedure for Native Hawaiian recognition" 4781: 2642: 2638: 1527: 1474: 1437: 1192: 1187:. Kanahele was a primary leader of the occupation. He is a descendant of 368: 5397:

Nation Within: The Story of America's Annexation of the Nation of Hawaii

5232:"Critics: Hawaiian constitutional convention election process is flawed" 3776: 1593:

The Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2009 (S1011/HR2314)

1184: 1168:

The Nation of Hawaiʻi is the oldest Hawaiian independence organization.

822: 56:

in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.

8487: 8331: 8261: 6757: 6719: 6257: 6122: 5014: 1824: 1592: 1566: 1110: 763: 514: 509: 356: 279: 5845: 5351:

Unconquerable Rebel: Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian Politics, 1880–1903

3980:

Navigating the Jungle: Law, Politics, and the Animal Advocacy Movement

3278:

Sonia P. Juvik; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise (January 1, 1998).

2971: 1134:"People's International Tribunal" redirects here. For other uses, see 8391: 8376: 8366: 8361: 8306: 8291: 7580: 6704: 6638: 6272: 6197: 4577: 1887: 1484: 1462: 1408: 1355: 544: 454: 16:

Grassroots movement to gain self-determination and rule for Hawaiians

5738: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2282: 746:

in 1894, and in 1898 the U.S. annexed the Republic of Hawaii in the

8351: 8276: 8150: 8034: 6310: 5931: 3242:

A Nation Rising: Hawaiian Movements for Life, Land, and Sovereignty

2567: 2184:"Civil Rights Panel Backs Federal Recognition For Native Hawaiians" 2170:, edited by Donald L. Fixico, vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, 2008, pp. 195–208. 1276: 941: 915: 473: 409: 360: 8416: 5889: 5535:

Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism

4990:"As Feds Hold Hearings, Native Hawaiians Press Sovereignty Claims" 1909:"As Feds Hold Hearings, Native Hawaiians Press Sovereignty Claims" 1452:, Hawaiian nationalist leader, militant activist, and head of the 8426: 8396: 8346: 8336: 8241: 7994: 7944: 6963: 6872: 6217: 5734:

Political tsunami hits Hawaii, by Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson

5568: 4637:. Big Island Video News. Big Island video News. January 8, 2016. 3443: 2432: 787: 5686: 5650: 4728: 2038:"Historic election could return sovereignty to Native Hawaiians" 1062: 691:

were "not guilty". On January 10, 1894, U.S. Secretary of State

8296: 8281: 8246: 8236: 6262: 6222: 5921: 5571:"Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report – GrassrootWiki" 4465: 3172:"Women of Hawaii; Hawaiian women chart their own path to power" 1385: 1226:

Kealoha Pisciotta is a former systems specialist for the joint

923: 895: 791: 364: 130: 5318:"Supreme Court Justice Intervenes in Native Hawaiian Election" 5288:"Opponents Ask High Court to Block Native Hawaiian Vote Count" 4353:"International Arbitration – Larsen vs. Hawaiian Kingdom" 4287: 3812:"Bridging science and culture with the Thirty Meter Telescope" 3134:

From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaiʻi

3058: 2619:, vol. 3, 1874–1893, The Kalakaua dynasty, Honolulu, HI: 1634:

Proposed United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians

978:

The Liberal Patriotic Association was a rebel group formed by

894:, the Order of Kamehameha I is the first order of its kind in 8446: 6282: 6207: 6202: 5521:

Dismembering Lahui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887.

5466:

Dudley, Michael K., and Agard, Keoni Kealoha (1993 reprint).

480:, sovereignty activists have challenged U.S. forces and law. 5588:

Online images and transcriptions of the entire Morgan Report

5191:

What Blood Won't Tell: A History of Race on Trial in America

1376:

chained the gates and blocked the entrance to ʻIolani Palace

6227: 6212: 5585: 5411:

The Island Edge of America: A Political History of Hawaiʻi.

5381:. Hawaiian language editor Lilikala Kameʻeleihiwa. Boston: 5258:"Fed Appeals Court Won't Stop Hawaiian Election Vote Count" 4922: 4548:"Group of Hawaiians occupies Iolani Palace, vows to return" 4066:(EPSC2010). European Planetary Science Congress 2010: 193. 3234: 3232: 2071:"The Struggle For Hawaiian Sovereignty – Introduction" 1969:"The Struggle For Hawaiian Sovereignty – Introduction" 1721: 1306:

and complete an inventory of historic sites on the island.

1284: 1180: 884:

Lot Kapuaiwa Kalanikapuapaikalaninui Ali'iolani Kalanimakua

754:. The territory was then given a territorial government in 610:, activists and supporters commemorate January 17 annually. 5802: 5074:"Supreme Court of the United States: Opinion of the Court" 4257:"Walter Ritte, Andrew Kimbrell address Hawaiʻi SEED event" 2551:. Vol. 11, no. 66. January 10, 1894. p. 1. 1825:

Michael Kioni Dudley; Keoni Kealoha Agard (January 1993).

1473:

or ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. He chanted his genealogy going back to

5015:

Office of the Secretary of the interior (June 18, 2014).

4698: 2583:. Vol. 75, no. 4. January 11, 1894. p. 2. 2455:. Vol. 75, no. 4. January 11, 1894. p. 1. 5864: 5820: 4844: 4466:"Dr. David Keanu Sai (Hawaiian flag raised with others)" 3850:. The Honolulu Advertiser. The Honolulu Advertiser.com. 3229: 1540:, Russian revolutionary who became the president of the 555:

conquered the entire archipelago and formed the unified

508:, and said that the overthrow was illegal. In 2000, the 382:

Some groups also advocate some form of redress from the

4371: 3937: 3420:. 2004 Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Honolulu Star Bulletin. 5739:

Blog of articles and documents on Hawaiian sovereignty

5591: 5569:

Native Hawaiians Study Commission (December 7, 2006).

5106:. Oahu Publications. West Hawaii Today. Archived from 4099: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 1560: 431:

passed in 1993 acknowledged that the overthrow of the

5718:

Native Hawaiians battle in the courts and in Congress

5158: 5048:"Office of Hawaiian Affairs: Rant vs. Reason on Race" 4635:"Kanuha Found Not Guilty Of Obstruction on Mauna Kea" 2866:

The Hawaiian Kingdom: 1874–1893, the Kalakaua dynasty

1640:

United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians

1175:

In 1989, the group occupied the area surrounding the

986:, ending in failure with seven dead and 70 captured. 2837:

Decree to Establish the Royal Order of Kamehameha I.

2834:

Kamehameha V (King of the Hawaiian Islands) (1865).

962:

Opposition to the overthrow and annexation included

760:

opposition to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii

535:

Opposition to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii

457:

and its subsequent bombing, the construction of the

5598:

Hui Aloha Aina Anti-Annexation Petitions, 1897–1898

4310: 3388: 3360:"Akaka bill and Ka Lahui Hawaii position explained" 3088: 2862: 2798: 2796: 2535: 2257: 2166:Parker, Linda S. "Alaska, Hawaii, and Agreements." 1806:. Honolulu: Papapai Mahu Press Publishing Company. 1737:

Opposition to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom

1102:on the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of Queen 6488: 5790:Connection between Hawaiian health and sovereignty 5669: 5187: 5165:. Edward Sisson. p. 1490. GGKEY:0T5QX14Q22E. 3636: 3323:Indigenous Rights in the Age of the UN Declaration 2398:Ball, Milner S. "Symposium: Native American Law," 1897:, Perceptions Magazine, March/April 1996, p. 18–25 1826: 1183:. In 1993, its members occupied Kaupo Beach, near 574:is the popular name given to the part of the 1893 359:political and cultural campaign to reestablish an 4916: 4838: 2927: 2760: 2702:"Newlands Resolution – Annexation of Hawaii" 2478: 2476: 2474: 1859:"Kanahele group pushes plan for sovereign nation" 1346:Sai claimed to represent the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1206:In 2015, Kanahele portrayed himself in the movie 8533: 5447:Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands 4319:"Hawaiʻi: Independent Nation or Fiftieth State?" 4279: 3976: 3594: 3494: 2802: 2793: 1266: 1218:titled "Ka Laina Ma Ke One (Line in the Sand)". 973: 5050:. Honolulu, HI: Grassroot Institute of Hawaii. 4810: 4808: 4806: 4760: 3319: 3315: 3313: 2118: 1702:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1469:. Kanuha defended himself after arrests in the 4992:. Government Executive. Government Executive. 3527: 3271: 2856: 2471: 1911:. Government Executive. Government Executive. 1818: 1369: 1300:U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii 853: 683:The Blount Report was followed in 1894 by the 6654: 6474: 5905: 5573:. Honolulu, HI: Grassroot Institute of Hawaii 5280: 5023:. US Government, Department of the Interior. 4883: 4761:Webb, Michael; Webb-Gannon, Camellia (2016). 4379:"Most provocative notion in Hawaiian affairs" 4355:. Waimanalo, HI: Aloha First. July 18, 2011. 4153: 4053:"Mauna Kea and the work of the Imiloa Center" 3938:Patrick Kenji Takahashi (February 29, 2008). 3931: 1063:Sovereignty and cultural rights organizations 1012: 1000:After Hawaii's annexation, Wilcox formed the 898:. After Lot Kapuāiwa took the throne as King 578:Foreign Relations Committee Report about the 324: 5698: 5519:Osorio, Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwoʻole (2002). 4877: 4803: 4463: 4147: 3588: 3310: 3169: 3084: 3082: 2923: 2921: 2827: 2803:Altemus-Williams, Imani (December 7, 2015). 2754: 2321:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2133:. American Bar Association. pp. 75–76. 1386:Hawaiian sovereignty activists and advocates 989: 5763:Sovereign Stories: 100 Years of Subjugation 5152: 4522:"Native Hawaiians seek to restore monarchy" 4120: 4050: 3632: 3630: 3326:. Cambridge University Press. p. 323. 3284:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 182. 3196: 3025: 2869:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 221. 2767:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 279. 2212:Beary, Brian. "Hawaiians (United States)." 1440:, musician, and Kimo Mitchell, both d. 1977 1411:to the throne of Hawaiʻi and member of the 618:arrived unannounced in Honolulu aboard the 394:, and for what is described as a prolonged 8512:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on 8156:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines) 6661: 6647: 6481: 6467: 5912: 5898: 5549:Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter? 5377:Churchill, Ward. Venne, Sharon H. (2004). 5225: 5223: 5181: 4492:"Permanent Court of Arbitration: About Us" 4345: 4093: 3970: 3501:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 57. 3137:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 74. 2986: 2724: 2605: 2353: 2337:"The Hawai'i-United States Treaty of 1826" 1777:United States involvement in regime change 1350:, a case brought before the World Court's 1047:. It attempted to bring representation to 496:In 1993, a joint congressional resolution 331: 317: 85:US federal recognition of Native Hawaiians 5836:Documents and essays opposing sovereignty 5194:. Harvard University Press. p. 207. 5097: 5095: 4776:(1). University of Hawai'i Press: 59–95. 4661:"How Lanakila Mangauil came to Mauna Kea" 4254: 3488: 3121: 3079: 2918: 1625:rancher sued to win the right to vote in 1465:in opposition to the construction of the 1362:In a 2000 arbitration hearing before the 5102:Lauer, Nancy Cook (September 30, 2015). 4736:"Hawaii Suffering From Racial Prejudice" 4419: 4316: 4221: 3905:. Kuleana ʻOiwi Press. January 1, 2004. 3627: 3533: 3200:Asian American Family Life and Community 2901: 2732:"Is Hawaii Really a State of the Union?" 2599: 1900: 1712:Hawaiian Kingdom-United States relations 1676:the emergency request was made again to 1653:United States Department of the Interior 1389: 1270: 957: 857: 602: 6597:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 5324:. Associated Press. November 27, 2015. 5294:. Associated Press. November 24, 2015. 5264:. Associated Press. November 19, 2015. 5220: 5159:Edward Hawkins Sisson (June 22, 2014). 3841: 3839: 3837: 3389:Donnelly, Christine (October 1, 2001). 3052: 3031: 2993:Fixico, Donald L. (December 12, 2007). 2863:Ralph S. Kuykendall (January 1, 1967). 2289:. SAGE Publications. pp. 269–271. 2124: 1996: 1994: 1935:"U.S. Purchase of Palmyra Hits Impasse" 1799: 1221: 476:) itself and other locations sacred to 8534: 8116:Galician independence movement (Spain) 6668: 5651:"Hawaiian Society of Law and Politics" 5611:"Hawaiian Journal of Law and Politics" 5365:Stolen Kingdom: An American Conspiracy 5092: 4981: 4923:Eva Bischoff; Elisabeth Engel (2013). 4826:from the original on December 10, 2015 4585:from the original on December 25, 2011 4573:"Native Hawaiian group: We're staying" 4570: 4445:from the original on December 22, 2019 4298:from the original on November 25, 2012 4255:Cicotello, Laurie (January 20, 2013). 4217: 4215: 4081:from the original on December 22, 2015 4016:Sproat, D. Kapuaʻala (December 2008). 4015: 3893: 3822:from the original on December 22, 2015 3809: 3803: 3747:tumbles go far beyond poor Allison Ng" 3424:from the original on December 28, 2016 3397:from the original on December 24, 2011 3190: 2992: 2587:from the original on November 23, 2015 2555:from the original on November 23, 2015 2500:from the original on November 23, 2015 2459:from the original on November 23, 2015 2359: 2194:from the original on December 20, 2018 1077:claims that it was organized in 1972. 918:, this was the only Order instituted. 778:(a list of territories subject to the 776:list of non-self-governing territories 576:United States House of Representatives 8166:Patani United Liberation Organisation 8136:Inner Mongolian independence movement 6642: 6602:Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 6462: 5893: 5592:Historic Hawaiian-language newspapers 5298:from the original on December 1, 2015 5268:from the original on December 1, 2015 5140:from the original on October 26, 2015 5101: 5039: 4987: 4962:Lyte, Brittany (September 16, 2015). 4641:from the original on January 10, 2016 4609:University of Illinois College of Law 4359:from the original on November 8, 2012 4333:from the original on January 13, 2015 3872: 3866: 3854:from the original on December 8, 2015 3791:from the original on January 23, 2017 3706: 3704: 3576:from the original on October 26, 2014 3546:from the original on January 26, 2016 3534:Reinhold, Robert (November 8, 1992). 3127: 3067:from the original on October 17, 2010 2162: 2160: 2081:from the original on October 19, 2016 2065: 2061: 2059: 1979:from the original on January 31, 2018 1945:from the original on January 31, 2018 1906: 1782:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1432:University of Illinois College of Law 1418:Abigail Kinoiki Kekaulike Kawānanakoa 1057:Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920 886:) in 1865, to promote and defend the 8161:National Liberation Front of Corsica 8086:East Turkestan independence movement 5657:from the original on August 19, 2012 5238:from the original on October 7, 2015 5234:. Hawaii News Now. Hawaii News Now. 5229: 5188:Ariela Julie Gross (June 30, 2009). 5080:from the original on January 7, 2010 5045: 5027:from the original on October 7, 2015 5008: 4996:from the original on October 7, 2015 4961: 4884:Jeff Campbell (September 15, 2010). 4791:from the original on October 6, 2019 4545: 4431:. Cambridge University Press. 2002. 4387:. Honolulu, HI. August 15–21, 2001. 3977:Steven C. Tauber (August 27, 2015). 3845: 3834: 3722:from the original on January 2, 2015 3689:from the original on January 2, 2015 3467: 3415: 3370:from the original on January 3, 2015 2742:from the original on August 24, 2018 2286:Handbook of Multicultural Counseling 2044:from the original on October 7, 2016 1991: 1915:from the original on October 7, 2015 1157: 817: 813: 363:or independent nation or kingdom of 6618:2012 U.S. state secession petitions 5919: 5054:from the original on March 30, 2012 4943:from the original on April 28, 2016 4845:Glenda Bendure; Ned Friary (2003). 4407:from the original on April 18, 2012 4212: 3881:from the original on April 21, 2015 3810:Castro, Joseph (January 18, 2011). 3178:from the original on August 8, 2010 3170:Apgar, Sally (September 25, 2005). 3109:from the original on April 29, 2016 3089:Keri E. Iyall Smith (May 7, 2007). 3059:Kahu Charles Kauluwehi Maxwell Sr. 3013:from the original on April 27, 2016 2764:Na Kua'ina: Living Hawaiian Culture 2360:Tucker, Spencer C. (May 20, 2009). 2127:"Greetings from independent Hawaii" 1833:. Nā Kāne O Ka Malo Press. p. 1561:The Apology Bill and the Akaka Bill 1321: 890:'s sovereignty. Established by the 800:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 629:. Willis was Blount's successor as 13: 6027:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language) 5879:"Hawaii Reporter: Hawaii Reporter" 5744:Indigenous students silent no more 5343: 4988:Grass, Michael (August 12, 2014). 4929:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 61. 4712:. November 3, 2011. Archived from 4615:from the original on July 22, 2012 4126: 3873:Worth, Katie (February 20, 2015). 3740: 3701: 3092:The State and Indigenous Movements 2682:from the original on June 15, 2018 2157: 2056: 2018:from the original on April 7, 2018 1907:Grass, Michael (August 12, 2014). 1881: 1869:from the original on March 9, 2016 1742:Puerto Rican independence movement 1430:, professor of international law, 947: 527:Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii 193:125th anniversary of the overthrow 14: 8573: 6628:List of state partition proposals 6425:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom 5824:: Documentary by Anne Keala Kelly 5562: 5328:from the original on July 2, 2019 5208:from the original on June 3, 2016 5169:from the original on May 18, 2016 5046:Hill, Malia Blom (January 2011). 4904:from the original on May 17, 2016 4865:from the original on June 3, 2016 4686:Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation 4605:"Francis A. Boyle – Faculty" 4472:from the original on June 2, 2010 4317:Tanigawa, Noe (August 29, 2014). 4236:from the original on June 6, 2014 4200:from the original on June 6, 2014 4174:from the original on July 8, 2019 3997:from the original on July 2, 2019 3958:from the original on July 2, 2019 3944:. AuthorHouse. pp. 163–164. 3919:from the original on July 8, 2019 3757:from the original on June 1, 2015 3515:from the original on July 8, 2019 3495:Ibrahim G. Aoudé (January 1999). 3340:from the original on May 14, 2016 3298:from the original on May 21, 2016 3032:Budnick, Rich (January 1, 2005). 2948:from the original on July 2, 2019 2934:. Algora Publishing. p. 44. 2883:from the original on July 2, 2019 2844:from the original on July 1, 2019 2815:from the original on July 3, 2018 2781:from the original on May 20, 2016 2712:from the original on July 3, 2019 2580:Manufacturers and Farmers Journal 2452:Manufacturers and Farmers Journal 2380:from the original on June 3, 2016 2303:from the original on May 21, 2016 2145:from the original on July 2, 2019 1963: 1495:Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation 1335:and the laws of war. Sai teaches 1170:Dennis Puʻuhonua "Bumpy" Kanahele 929: 70:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom 6559:Northwest Territorial Imperative 6442: 5881:. March 21, 2003. Archived from 5506:Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen 5489:Kameʻeleihiwa, Lilikala (1992). 5353:. University Press of Colorado. 5310: 5250: 5230:Rick, Daysog (October 6, 2015). 5122: 5066: 3657:from the original on May 3, 2016 3637:Phillip B. J. Reid (June 2013). 3615:from the original on May 9, 2016 3601:. Interlink Books. p. 286. 3320:Elvira Pulitano (May 24, 2012). 3259:from the original on May 2, 2016 3217:from the original on May 4, 2016 3151:from the original on May 5, 2016 1578:United States Public Law 103-150 1228:British-Dutch-Canadian telescope 1164:Nation of Hawaiʻi (organization) 821: 740:Provisional Government of Hawaii 631:United States Minister to Hawaii 297:Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen 188:2008 occupation of Iolani Palace 42: 8267:Basque Country (greater region) 8126:Guangdong Independence Movement 6587:Mississippi Secession Ordinance 5829: 5699:Michael Tsai (August 9, 2009). 5491:Native Land and Foreign Desires 5468:A Call for Hawaiian Sovereignty 4955: 4754: 4679: 4653: 4627: 4597: 4564: 4539: 4514: 4484: 4457: 4285: 4248: 4186: 4106:. Duke University. p. 70. 4100:Elizabeth Helen Essary (2008). 4044: 4009: 3848:"Cultures clash atop Mauna Kea" 3769: 3734: 3712:"Rebuilding a Hawaiian Kingdom" 3669: 3558: 3461: 3436: 3409: 3382: 3352: 3163: 2960: 2895: 2694: 2664: 2512: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2392: 2329: 2223: 2206: 2176: 2093: 1829:A call for Hawaiian sovereignty 147:Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895) 8071:Assyrian independence movement 6490:Secession in the United States 6037:Pearl Harbor National Memorial 5547:Twigg-Smith, Thurston (2000). 5503:Liliʻuokalani (1991 reprint). 4964:"Native Hawaiian election set" 4710:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 4496:Permanent Court of Arbitration 4018:"Avoiding Trouble in Paradise" 3846:Tsai, Michael (July 9, 2006). 2241:. July 5, 2015. Archived from 2172:Gale Virtual Reference Library 2030: 1957: 1927: 1851: 1793: 1461:, activist and "protector" of 1364:Permanent Court of Arbitration 1352:Permanent Court of Arbitration 1316:genetically modified organisms 1304:environmental impact statement 1257: 1129: 1: 8542:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 8206:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement 8201:Tibetan independence movement 8131:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 8091:Faroese independence movement 8076:Catalan independence movement 6577:Confederate States of America 6420:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 5846:Grassroot Institute of Hawaii 5615:University of Hawaii at Manoa 5021:US Department of the interior 4890:. Lonely Planet. p. 47. 4851:. Lonely Planet. p. 24. 4820:US Commission on Civil Rights 4224:"Who Would Kill a Monk Seal?" 4222:Mooallem, Jon (May 8, 2013). 4160:. Lonely Planet. p. 35. 4129:"Processes of Decolonization" 3941:Simple Solutions for Humanity 3197:Franklin Ng (June 23, 2014). 1787: 1665:Grassroot Institute of Hawaii 1610: 1605:US Department of the Interior 1508:University of Hawaii at Manoa 1267:Protect Kahoolawe Ohana (PKO) 1195:in the adjacent community of 974:Liberal Patriotic Association 520: 345:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 8287:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 8196:Taiwan independence movement 8171:Ryukyu independence movement 8081:Champa independence movement 8061:Alsace independence movement 5523:University of Hawaii Press. 5480:J. Kēhaulani Kauanui. 2018. 5413:University of Hawaii Press. 5349:Andrade Jr., Ernest (1996). 4571:Nakaso, Dan (May 15, 2008). 3643:. AuthorHouse. p. 178. 3038:. Aloha Press. p. 154. 2220:, CQ Press, 2011, pp. 96–99. 2125:Podgers, James (June 1997). 1248:Mauna Kea—Temple Under Siege 878:established by His Majesty, 7: 8151:Mapuche separatist movement 5603: 5470:. Nā Kāne O Ka Malo Press. 5452:Dougherty, Michael (2000). 4740:Southern Poverty Law Center 4292:Hawaiian Kingdom Government 4288:"Welcome – E Komo Mai" 2968:"The Principality of Aloha" 2906:. U.S. Army Garrison-Hawaii 2520:"Minister Willis's Mission" 1800:Spencer, Thomas P. (1895). 1690: 1659:The nonprofit organization 1651:On September 29, 2015, the 1547: 1370:Hawaiian Kingdom Government 1252:Royal Order of Kamehameha I 1146:and independence movement. 1084: 872:Royal Order of Kamehameha I 864:Royal Order of Kamehameha I 854:Royal Order of Kamehameha I 453:The forced depopulation of 235:Sovereignty Restoration Day 75:Opposition to the overthrow 10: 8578: 8186:Silesian Autonomy Movement 8066:Assam separatist movements 7221:Northern & Middle Asia 5749:November 25, 2007, at the 5723:February 19, 2006, at the 5670:Office of Hawaiian Affairs 5134:Department of the Interior 4546:Park, Gene (May 1, 2008), 3983:. Routledge. p. 138. 3393:. Honolulu Star Bulletin. 3203:. Routledge. p. 260. 3174:. Honolulu Star Bulletin. 2928:Neil Thomas Proto (2009). 2761:Davianna McGregor (2007). 2621:University of Hawaii Press 2235:new.grassrootinstitute.org 1673:Office of Hawaiian Affairs 1637: 1584:declined to under 10,000. 1564: 1348:Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom 1341:Windward Community College 1275:Aerial view of Kahoolawe, 1161: 1133: 1019:Democratic Party of Hawaii 1016: 1013:Democratic Party of Hawaii 993: 951: 933: 524: 483: 255:Proposed 1893 Constitution 219:Office of Hawaiian Affairs 8503: 8455: 8229: 8191:Székely autonomy movement 8053: 7880: 7845: 7800: 7730: 7689: 7671: 7664: 7619: 7576: 7569: 7544: 7508: 7480: 7473: 7400: 7310: 7303: 7268: 7220: 7174: 7089: 7016: 6928: 6921: 6886: 6865: 6824: 6817: 6797: 6776: 6740: 6692: 6685: 6676: 6610: 6569: 6496: 6438: 6397: 6359: 6296: 6236: 6183: 6133:Colleges and universities 6080: 5940: 5928: 5814:January 10, 2005, at the 5537:. Duke University Press. 5533:Silva, Noenoe K. (2004). 5367:. Honolulu: Aloha Press. 4691:January 25, 2016, at the 4428:International Law Reports 4196:. firstlandingmovie.com. 3595:John H. Chambers (2009). 3470:Asian Am Pac Isl J Health 3245:. Duke University Press. 2999:. ABC-CLIO. p. 207. 2607:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson 2366:. ABC-CLIO. p. 275. 1747:Republic of Texas (group) 1002:Home Rule Party of Hawaii 996:Home Rule Party of Hawaii 990:Home Rule Party of Hawaii 738:After the overthrow, the 590:, appointed by President 214:Home Rule Party of Hawaii 201:Parties and organizations 8121:Greenlandic independence 5965:Discovery and settlement 5838:collected or written by 5692: 5680:October 5, 2006, at the 5486:. Duke University Press. 4770:The Contemporary Pacific 4706:"Professor Noenoe Silva" 2105:humanservices.hawaii.gov 1530:, Hawaiian rap/hip hop ( 1481:Joshua Lanakila Mangauil 1471:native Hawaiian language 1126:from 1993 through 2012. 1067: 984:Wilcox Rebellion of 1889 798:with the passing of the 774:removed Hawaii from its 543:CE, from other areas of 448:economic marginalization 152:Wilcox rebellion of 1889 5768:March 11, 2005, at the 5493:. Bishop Museum Press. 4028:(2): 29. Archived from 3877:. Scientific American. 2809:Intercontinentalcry.org 1296:Protect Kahoolawe Ohana 1234:and is the director of 1113:") proposed by Senator 1006:Territorial Legislature 758:. While there was much 459:Mauna Kea Observatories 352: 8146:Māori protest movement 6623:Ordinance of Secession 5867: – co-founded by 5848: – co-founded by 5756:Honolulu Star-Bulletin 5551:. Goodale Publishing. 5456:. Island Style Press. 5363:Budnick, Rich (1992). 4552:Honolulu Star-Bulletin 4154:Luci Yamamoto (2006). 4051:Miller, Steve (2010). 3902:Huliau: Time of Change 3444:"UNPO: Kalahui Hawaii" 3418:"Hawaiians find fault" 2672:"Sanford Ballard Dole" 2349:on September 18, 2009. 1939:Pacific Islands Report 1893:March 3, 2016, at the 1727:Legal status of Hawaii 1467:Thirty Meter Telescope 1400: 1397:Thirty Meter Telescope 1287: 1232:Thirty Meter Telescope 1053:territorial government 967: 867: 756:an Organic Act in 1900 678:President Sanford Dole 614:On December 14, 1893, 611: 429:United States Congress 111:Provisional Government 80:Legal status of Hawaii 8176:Scottish independence 8141:Kashubian Association 7863:Indigenous Australian 6398:Pre-statehood history 6248:French Frigate Shoals 6088:Hawaiian architecture 5795:May 16, 2005, at the 5509:. Mutual Publishing. 5409:Coffman, Tom (2003). 5395:Coffman, Tom (2003). 4966:. The Garden island. 3781:: Ka Laina Ma Ke One" 3416:Bernardo, Rosemarie. 2611:"Chap. 21 Revolution" 2245:on September 17, 2016 2190:. December 20, 2018. 2011:. November 23, 1993. 1941:. February 10, 2000. 1678:Supreme Court Justice 1444:Israel Kamakawiwoʻole 1393: 1274: 1119:U.S. State Department 980:Robert William Wilcox 961: 861: 606: 463:Red Hill water crisis 167:1895 Wilcox rebellion 8562:Transitional justice 8382:Marathi Abhimaangeet 8181:Siberian regionalism 6415:Hawaiian Renaissance 6405:Bayonet Constitution 5873:Thurston Twigg-Smith 5637:on February 12, 2012 5445:Daws, Gavan (1968). 5431:Conklin, Kenneth R. 4782:10.1353/cp.2016.0015 4032:on December 23, 2015 2496:. January 12, 1894. 2214:Separatist Movements 2002:"Public Law 103-150" 1422:House of Kawānanakoa 1420:was a member of the 1236:Mauna Kea Anaina Hou 1222:Mauna Kea Anaina Hou 586:. U.S. Commissioner 435:was an illegal act. 412:were annexed by the 367:out of a desire for 270:Hawaiian Organic Act 250:Bayonet Constitution 183:Hawaiian Renaissance 139:Historical conflicts 34:Hawaiian sovereignty 8473:American Indigenous 8106:Free Papua Movement 7516:Balkar and Karachay 7311:Southeastern Europe 6842:Indigenous Canadian 6582:Louisiana secession 6430:Territory of Hawaii 6298:Notable communities 5728:Honolulu Advertiser 5706:Honolulu Advertiser 4716:on October 22, 2012 4528:, AP, June 19, 2008 4327:Hawaii Public Radio 4267:on January 11, 2014 4072:2010epsc.conf..193M 3131:(January 1, 1999). 2653:on January 20, 2015 2575:"Quiet at Honolulu" 2548:Clinton Morning Age 2531:. January 14, 1894. 2239:Grassroot Institute 2188:Honolulu Civil Beat 1504:political scientist 1446:, musician; d. 1997 1333:military occupation 1177:Makapuʻu lighthouse 1141:Ka Pākaukau leader 1033:Charles J. McCarthy 1023:On April 30, 1900, 912:House of Kamehameha 752:Territory of Hawaii 748:Newlands Resolution 731:was one of the few 398:beginning with the 396:military occupation 392:Queen Liliʻuokalani 265:Newlands Resolution 227:Documents and ideas 162:Black Week (Hawaii) 157:Leper War on Kauaʻi 116:Government in Exile 8552:Politics of Hawaii 8518:ethnic nationalism 8221:Welsh independence 8101:Free Aceh Movement 7333:in North Macedonia 7175:South-eastern Asia 6670:Ethnic nationalism 6592:Missouri secession 6524:Confederate States 5869:H. William Burgess 5850:Richard O. Rowland 5840:Kenneth R. Conklin 5803:Nā Maka O Ka ʻĀina 5785:In Motion Magazine 5454:To Steal a Kingdom 5322:The New York Times 5292:The New York Times 5262:The New York Times 5110:on October 3, 2015 4667:on January 7, 2016 4464:Sai, David Keanu. 4286:Sai, David Keanu. 4229:The New York Times 4022:Business Law Today 3818:. NYU Journalism. 3572:. August 5, 2012. 3570:Na Maka o ka 'Aina 3540:The New York Times 3129:Trask, Haunani-Kay 2528:The New York Times 2489:The Morning Herald 2484:"Willis Has Acted" 2400:Georgia Law Review 2218:A Global Reference 2067:Trask, Haunani-Kay 1965:Trask, Haunani-Kay 1772:Tribal sovereignty 1757:Self-determination 1707:Hawaiian home land 1646:tribal recognition 1603:In June 2014, the 1401: 1288: 968: 888:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi 868: 833:. You can help by 744:Republic of Hawaii 612: 425:Apology Resolution 373:self-determination 275:Apology Resolution 8529: 8528: 8272:Catalan Countries 7876: 7875: 7841: 7840: 7796: 7795: 7660: 7659: 7565: 7564: 7299: 7298: 6917: 6916: 6813: 6812: 6636: 6635: 6456: 6455: 6449:Hawaii portal 5687:Nation of Hawaiʻi 5201:978-0-674-03797-7 5162:America the Great 4968:The Garden Island 4936:978-3-643-90261-0 4897:978-1-74220-344-7 4858:978-1-74059-201-7 4742:. August 30, 2009 4607:. Champaign, IL: 4502:on March 29, 2010 4294:. Honolulu, H.I. 4261:The Garden Island 4167:978-1-74059-096-9 4135:on March 23, 2006 4113:978-0-549-96012-6 3990:978-1-317-38171-6 3951:978-1-4678-3517-6 3912:978-0-9668220-3-8 3718:. July 21, 2005. 3716:Los Angeles Times 3650:978-1-4817-5460-6 3608:978-1-56656-615-5 3508:978-0-8248-2244-6 3333:978-1-107-02244-7 3291:978-0-8248-2125-8 3252:978-0-8223-7655-2 3210:978-1-136-80123-5 3144:978-0-8248-2059-6 3102:978-1-135-86179-7 3045:978-0-944081-04-4 3006:978-1-57607-881-5 2941:978-0-87586-721-2 2876:978-0-87022-433-1 2774:978-0-8248-2946-9 2736:Hawaii-nation.org 2630:978-0-87022-433-1 2447:"Hawaiian Papers" 2373:978-1-85109-952-8 2296:978-1-4833-1713-7 2075:Cultural Survival 2069:(April 2, 2010). 1973:Cultural Survival 1863:hawaii-nation.org 1844:978-1-878751-09-6 1717:History of Hawaii 1587:In 2009, Senator 1513:Haunani-Kay Trask 1491:Kawaipuna Prejean 1459:Kahoʻokahi Kanuha 1454:Nation of Hawaiʻi 1158:Nation of Hawaiʻi 1136:People's Tribunal 1037:David Kawānanakoa 908:Kingdom of Hawaii 906:, founder of the 892:1864 Constitution 851: 850: 814:Historical groups 722:New York Recorder 693:Walter Q. Gresham 649:landing operation 584:Kingdom of Hawaii 557:Kingdom of Hawaii 506:Hawaiian monarchy 341: 340: 209:Aloha ʻĀina Party 8569: 8522: 8407:Republika Srpska 8216:Walloon Movement 8096:Flemish Movement 7669: 7668: 7574: 7573: 7478: 7477: 7308: 7307: 6926: 6925: 6822: 6821: 6690: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6640: 6639: 6497:Active movements 6483: 6476: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6410:Hawaiian Kingdom 6288:Pearl and Hermes 6022:Native Hawaiians 5914: 5907: 5900: 5891: 5890: 5886: 5885:on May 22, 2006. 5714: 5713:on July 8, 2011. 5709:. Archived from 5666: 5664: 5662: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5633:. Archived from 5613:. Honolulu, HI: 5586:morganreport.org 5582: 5580: 5578: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5227: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4812: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4790: 4767: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4708:. Honolulu, HI: 4702: 4696: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4498:. Archived from 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4325:. Honolulu, HI: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4263:. Archived from 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4219: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4131:. Archived from 4124: 4118: 4117: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4080: 4057: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3843: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3688: 3681: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3317: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3281:Atlas of Hawai_i 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2970:. Archived from 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2800: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2649:, archived from 2616:Hawaiian Kingdom 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2543:"Defied By Dole" 2539: 2533: 2532: 2524: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2480: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2443: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2342:. Archived from 2341: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2320: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2280: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2237:. Honolulu, HI: 2227: 2221: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2180: 2174: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2017: 2006: 1998: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1904: 1898: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1832: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1803:Kaua Kuloko 1895 1797: 1767:Treaty of Manila 1618:Rice v. Cayetano 1542:Senate of Hawaii 1532:na mele paleoleo 1517:Hawaiian Studies 1413:House of Laʻanui 1337:Hawaiian Studies 1329:Hawaiian Kingdom 1322:Hawaiian Kingdom 1143:Kekuni Blaisdell 1074:Native Hawaiians 1049:Native Hawaiians 1045:Democratic Party 924:state of Hawaiʻi 846: 843: 825: 818: 808:Native Americans 750:, making it the 717:New York Tribune 657:and the British 608:Native Hawaiians 592:Grover Cleveland 542: 478:Hawaiian culture 433:Hawaiian Kingdom 418:Hawaiian Islands 333: 326: 319: 304:Kaua Kuloko 1895 54:Hawaiian Kingdom 46: 21: 20: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8532: 8531: 8530: 8525: 8507: 8499: 8451: 8387:Northern Epirus 8357:Ketuanan Melayu 8225: 8111:Future of Åland 8049: 7985:Native American 7882:Pan-nationalism 7872: 7837: 7801:Northern Europe 7792: 7726: 7685: 7665:Southern Europe 7656: 7615: 7561: 7540: 7504: 7469: 7396: 7295: 7264: 7216: 7170: 7085: 7012: 6913: 6882: 6861: 6852:Native American 6809: 6798:Southern Africa 6793: 6772: 6736: 6678: 6672: 6667: 6637: 6632: 6606: 6565: 6492: 6487: 6457: 6452: 6443: 6441: 6434: 6393: 6355: 6292: 6239: 6232: 6179: 6076: 5992:Hawaiianization 5936: 5924: 5918: 5877: 5860:Malia Zimmerman 5855:Hawaii Reporter 5832: 5816:Wayback Machine 5797:Wayback Machine 5775:Honolulu Weekly 5772:, article from 5770:Wayback Machine 5753:, article from 5751:Wayback Machine 5725:Wayback Machine 5695: 5682:Wayback Machine 5660: 5658: 5649: 5640: 5638: 5609: 5606: 5576: 5574: 5565: 5383:South End Press 5346: 5344:Further reading 5341: 5331: 5329: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5228: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5202: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5100: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4937: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4898: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4814: 4813: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4765: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4693:Wayback Machine 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4569: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4544: 4540: 4531: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4462: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4439: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4384:Honolulu Weekly 4377: 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4220: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4168: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3952: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3913: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3844: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3710: 3709: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3660: 3658: 3651: 3635: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3509: 3493: 3489: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3364:Ka Lahui Hawaii 3358: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3334: 3318: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3292: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3253: 3237: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3145: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3103: 3087: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3007: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2974:on May 12, 2013 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2942: 2926: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2877: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2801: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2775: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2706:law.cornell.edu 2700: 2699: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2656: 2654: 2631: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2482: 2481: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2445: 2444: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2374: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2314: 2313: 2306: 2304: 2297: 2281: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2165: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2123: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2064: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1905: 1901: 1895:Wayback Machine 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1845: 1823: 1819: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1762:State formation 1732:Nation-building 1693: 1681:Anthony Kennedy 1642: 1636: 1613: 1569: 1563: 1550: 1534:) musical group 1500:Noenoe K. Silva 1388: 1380:Mahealani Kahau 1372: 1327:Regency of the 1324: 1269: 1260: 1240:Native Hawaiian 1224: 1166: 1160: 1139: 1132: 1087: 1070: 1065: 1059:for Hawaiians. 1041:Delbert Metzger 1021: 1015: 998: 992: 976: 964:Hui Aloha 'Āina 956: 954:Hui Aloha ʻĀina 950: 948:Hui Aloha 'Āina 938: 932: 862:Members of the 856: 847: 841: 838: 831:needs expansion 816: 796:Native Alaskans 768:Native Hawaiian 699:New York Herald 597:John L. Stevens 588:James H. Blount 540: 537: 525:Main articles: 523: 490:Native Hawaiian 486: 400:1898 annexation 377:self-governance 337: 57: 52:represents the 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8575: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8523: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8465: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8342:Karakalpakstan 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8322:East Turkestan 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8233: 8231: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8057: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7886: 7884: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7693: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7623: 7621: 7620:United Kingdom 7617: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7570:Western Europe 7567: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7510: 7509:North Caucasus 7506: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7474:Eastern Europe 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7404: 7402: 7401:Central Europe 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7382:Romani (Gypsy) 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7314: 7312: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7269:South Caucasus 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7238:South Mongolia 7230: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7099: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7042: 7041: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7004: 7003: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6961: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6932: 6930: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6666: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6643: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6493: 6486: 6485: 6478: 6471: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6365: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6302: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6244: 6242: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6098:Climate change 6095: 6090: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6067:Transportation 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6012:Kūʻē Petitions 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5946: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5917: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5875: 5862: 5843: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5818: 5806: 5800: 5787: 5778: 5760: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5715: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5672: 5667: 5647: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5564: 5563:External links 5561: 5560: 5559: 5545: 5531: 5517: 5501: 5487: 5478: 5464: 5450: 5443: 5429: 5407: 5393: 5375: 5361: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5309: 5279: 5249: 5219: 5200: 5180: 5151: 5121: 5091: 5065: 5038: 5007: 4980: 4954: 4935: 4915: 4896: 4876: 4857: 4837: 4802: 4753: 4727: 4697: 4678: 4652: 4626: 4596: 4563: 4538: 4513: 4483: 4456: 4437: 4418: 4370: 4344: 4309: 4278: 4247: 4211: 4185: 4166: 4146: 4127:Laenui, Poka. 4119: 4112: 4092: 4060:EPSC Abstracts 4043: 4008: 3989: 3969: 3950: 3930: 3911: 3892: 3865: 3833: 3802: 3768: 3741:Chinen, Nate. 3733: 3700: 3668: 3649: 3626: 3607: 3587: 3566:"The Tribunal" 3557: 3526: 3507: 3487: 3476:(3): 171–180. 3460: 3435: 3408: 3381: 3351: 3332: 3309: 3290: 3270: 3251: 3228: 3209: 3189: 3162: 3143: 3120: 3101: 3078: 3051: 3044: 3024: 3005: 2985: 2959: 2940: 2917: 2902:Bill Mossman. 2894: 2875: 2855: 2840:by Authority. 2826: 2792: 2773: 2753: 2723: 2693: 2676:Britannica.com 2663: 2629: 2598: 2566: 2534: 2511: 2470: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2402:28 (1979): 303 2391: 2372: 2352: 2328: 2295: 2256: 2222: 2205: 2175: 2156: 2117: 2092: 2055: 2029: 1990: 1956: 1926: 1899: 1880: 1850: 1843: 1817: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1752:Right to exist 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1692: 1689: 1638:Main article: 1635: 1632: 1612: 1609: 1565:Main article: 1562: 1559: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1535: 1525: 1523:Mililani Trask 1520: 1510: 1497: 1488: 1478: 1456: 1450:Bumpy Kanahele 1447: 1441: 1435: 1425: 1415: 1387: 1384: 1371: 1368: 1323: 1320: 1294:and the group 1268: 1265: 1259: 1256: 1223: 1220: 1162:Main article: 1159: 1156: 1131: 1128: 1091:Mililani Trask 1086: 1083: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1029:John S. McGrew 1025:John H. Wilson 1017:Main article: 1014: 1011: 994:Main article: 991: 988: 975: 972: 952:Main article: 949: 946: 936:Hui Kālaiʻāina 934:Main article: 931: 930:Hui Kālai'āina 928: 876:Knightly Order 855: 852: 849: 848: 828: 826: 815: 812: 780:decolonization 772:United Nations 728:New York Times 705:New York World 547:. By the time 522: 519: 502:1893 overthrow 485: 482: 465:caused by the 388:1893 overthrow 339: 338: 336: 335: 328: 321: 313: 310: 309: 308: 307: 300: 290: 289: 285: 284: 283: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 260:Kūʻē Petitions 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 229: 228: 224: 223: 222: 221: 216: 211: 203: 202: 198: 197: 196: 195: 190: 185: 177: 176: 172: 171: 170: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 141: 140: 136: 135: 134: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 95: 94: 90: 89: 88: 87: 82: 77: 72: 64: 63: 59: 58: 47: 39: 38: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8574: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8514:ethnic groups 8511: 8506: 8505: 8502: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8463:Local (China) 8461: 8460: 8458: 8454: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8327:Herzeg-Bosnia 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 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7472: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7107:in Bangladesh 7105: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090:Southern Asia 7088: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 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6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6057:State symbols 6055: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5910: 5908: 5903: 5901: 5896: 5895: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5865:Aloha for All 5863: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5636: 5632: 5628: 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Epicenter. 5398: 5394: 5392: 5391:0-89608-738-7 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5374: 5373:0-944081-02-9 5370: 5366: 5362: 5360: 5359:0-87081-417-6 5356: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5224: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5184: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5096: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5053: 5049: 5042: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4841: 4825: 4822:. usccr.gov. 4821: 4817: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4682: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4567: 4553: 4549: 4542: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4438:0-521-66122-6 4434: 4430: 4429: 4422: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4313: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4218: 4216: 4199: 4195: 4194:"Kahoolawe 9" 4189: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4123: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4096: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3780: 3779:Hawaii Five-0 3772: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3746: 3737: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3685: 3678: 3672: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3633: 3631: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3316: 3314: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3274: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3235: 3233: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095:. Routledge. 3094: 3093: 3085: 3083: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3028: 3012: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2989: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2924: 2922: 2910:September 28, 2905: 2898: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2859: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2830: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2797: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2757: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2697: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2657:September 29, 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2570: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2530: 2529: 2521: 2515: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2364: 2356: 2345: 2338: 2332: 2324: 2318: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2161: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2014: 2010: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1960: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1854: 1846: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1641: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1558: 1554: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515:, founder of 1514: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1428:Francis Boyle 1426: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1405:Owana Salazar 1403: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1319: 1317: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1264: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1215:Hawaii Five-0 1211: 1210: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1165: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1100:Iolani Palace 1097: 1096:United States 1092: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1020: 1010: 1007: 1003: 997: 987: 985: 981: 971: 965: 960: 955: 945: 943: 937: 927: 925: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 865: 860: 845: 836: 832: 829:This section 827: 824: 820: 819: 811: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 736: 734: 730: 729: 723: 719: 718: 713: 712: 707: 706: 701: 700: 694: 690: 689:Lili'uokalani 686: 685:Morgan Report 681: 679: 674: 669: 667: 663: 662: 656: 655: 650: 646: 645: 639: 638: 632: 628: 624: 623: 617: 616:Albert Willis 609: 605: 601: 598: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 572:Blount Report 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 536: 532: 531:Blount Report 528: 518: 516: 511: 507: 503: 499: 494: 491: 481: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406:Palmyra Atoll 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384:United States 380: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 353:ke ea Hawaiʻi 350: 346: 334: 329: 327: 322: 320: 315: 314: 312: 311: 306: 305: 301: 299: 298: 294: 293: 292: 291: 287: 286: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 245:Morgan Report 243: 241: 240:Blount Report 238: 236: 233: 232: 231: 230: 226: 225: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 205: 204: 200: 199: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 180: 179: 178: 175:Modern events 174: 173: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 144: 143: 142: 138: 137: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 97: 96: 92: 91: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 66: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50:Hawaiian flag 48:The inverted 45: 41: 40: 37: 32: 31: 27: 23: 22: 19: 8547:Nationalisms 8509: 8508: 8437:Székely Land 8402:Pashtunistan 8252:Balawaristan 8130: 8025:South Slavic 8015:Scandinavian 7857: 7545:Volga Region 7159:in Sri Lanka 7017:Eastern Asia 6878:Puerto Rican 6693:North Africa 6677:Nationalisms 6528: 6440: 6419: 6185:Main islands 6150:Homelessness 6118:Demographics 6043: 5955:Constitution 5930: 5883:the original 5853: 5821: 5784: 5773: 5754: 5727: 5711:the original 5704: 5659:. Retrieved 5639:. Retrieved 5635:the original 5575:. Retrieved 5548: 5534: 5520: 5504: 5490: 5481: 5467: 5453: 5446: 5432: 5410: 5396: 5378: 5364: 5350: 5332:November 28, 5330:. Retrieved 5321: 5312: 5302:November 28, 5300:. Retrieved 5291: 5282: 5272:November 28, 5270:. Retrieved 5261: 5252: 5240:. Retrieved 5210:. Retrieved 5190: 5183: 5171:. Retrieved 5161: 5154: 5142:. Retrieved 5133: 5124: 5112:. Retrieved 5108:the original 5082:. Retrieved 5068: 5056:. Retrieved 5041: 5029:. Retrieved 5020: 5010: 4998:. Retrieved 4983: 4971:. Retrieved 4957: 4945:. Retrieved 4925: 4918: 4906:. Retrieved 4886: 4879: 4867:. Retrieved 4847: 4840: 4828:. Retrieved 4819: 4793:. Retrieved 4773: 4769: 4756: 4744:. Retrieved 4739: 4730: 4718:. Retrieved 4714:the original 4700: 4681: 4669:. Retrieved 4665:the original 4655: 4643:. Retrieved 4629: 4617:. Retrieved 4599: 4589:December 23, 4587:. Retrieved 4576: 4566: 4555:, retrieved 4551: 4541: 4530:, retrieved 4525: 4516: 4504:. 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