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arrested for interfering with the investigation after taking
Sheriff Smith's picture. Turnbow and several other SNCC workers were later charged for arson and arrested by Smith. The only piece of evidence at the preliminary hearing was a testimony given by Sheriff Smith. County Attorney Pat M. Barrett said he was "not a demolition expert," but "it just couldn't have happened. There is no way on God's earth for that situation over there to have happened like he said it happened." As a result of the case, Turnbow was bound over under $ 500 bond by the Holmes County Grand Jury. The charges against the other SNCC workers were dismissed for lack of evidence after they spent five nights in jail.
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sleep. Around 3:00 am on the morning of May 8, Turnbow was awakened by the sound of an explosion, flames, and smoke. His wife and daughter ran outside while two men started to shoot at
Turnbow. Turnbow, with his .22 sixteen-shooter rifle in hand, shot back at the two assailants until he emptied that .22 rifle. The two white men ran away while Turnbow and his family spent the next few hours getting the flames under control.
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workin' just like the citizenship class teacher told us—that if we could redish' to vote and just stick with it. He says it's gon' be some difficults, gon' have troubles, folks gon' lose their lives, peoples gon' lose all their money, and just like he said, all of that happened. He didn't miss it. He hit it ka-dap on the head, and it's workin' now. It won't never go back where it was.
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We was all together trying to do something … The Negro ain't gonna stand fo all that beating and lynching and bombing and stuff. They found out when they tried to stop us from redishing that every time they bombed or shot or beat or cut credit, ... it... just made him angry and more determined to keep on... and get redished.
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that point, Turnbow stepped forward and told the deputy sheriff "Me, Hartman
Turnbow. I came here to die to vote. I'm the first." All fourteen took the literacy test and were failed by the circuit clerk. Although none of the "first fourteen" were able to register, their pride and courage drove the Movement in Holmes County.
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That lynching I was tellin you about—that one with the burning with the 'cetylene torch—that 'n was a turning point. It just... made a Negro mad, got to thinking he'd rather die anyway but to be all burnt up with a torch while he's still living. But this now, this is something that we is in together.
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Anybody had'a just told me 'fore it happened that conditions would make this much change between the white and the black in Holmes County here where I live, why I'da just said, "you're lyin'. It won't happen." I just wouldn't have believed it. I didn't dream of it. I didn't see no way. But it got to
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Sheriff Smith accompanied by a deputy and FBI agent arrived at the scene at 9:00 am. Bob Moses, a non-Mississippi voter registration worker, was also on the scene of investigation taking pictures of the fire. Moses was told to stop taking pictures by an investigator and was immediately
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Turnbow's courageous effort to register to vote succeeded and gave Black people in the South a voice regarding which politicians would represent them. He is best known for his independent spirit and orating the truth. The unusual way that
Turnbow spoke is now known as "Turnbowisms". Voting rights
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in
Atlantic City, New Jersey where he testified his personal accounts with voter suppression. Turnbow spoke in an unusual way that is now known as "Turnbowisms" and had a tendency to utter malapropisms, as he once referred to Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) as the "student
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The "First
Fourteen" were approached by a myriad of whites who attempted to intimidate and prevent the group from registering to vote. In a thick mob of angry whites, deputy sheriff, Andrew Smith, with his hand on his gun holster, called out, "All right now, who will be the first?" At
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In May 1963, Turnbow fought off an attack on his family and himself with rifle fire. Being consistent with the foundation of the freedom movement, Turnbow explained, "I wasn't being non-nonviolent, I was just protectin' my family." In this instance, Turnbow exercised his right to private
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On May 7, 1963, Turnbow and his wife Dee took their daughter to choir practice at 7:00 pm. The family returned home around 9:30 pm, when Dee noticed a vent was open in the kitchen ceiling. A quick search around the house was done, but nothing was found so the
Turnbow family went to
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198:. She recalls, "Mrs. Turnbow always carried a little brown paper bag. She had a pistol in it... But she didn't trust those people. I mean people had tried to firebomb her home, so she might have been in the presence of a senator and a congresswoman, but she carried a gun."
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at the age of 83. His funeral was held on August 24 at Rock of Ages Church of God in Christ in Tchula. Elder Fred Wade officiated with interment in the
Pinkston Cemetery north of Lexington.
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Hartman
Turnbow was attacked and framed for arson because he was one of the first African Americans that step forward to vote in Mississippi. In a reflection on his attack, Turnbow states,
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informing him: "This nonviolent stuff ain't no good. It'll get you killed." The practice of nonviolence has been a centerpiece tactic for
African Americans in the
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105:. On April 9, 1963, Turnbow was one of the first African Americans to attempt to register to vote in Mississippi, along with a group called the "First Fourteen".
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violent non-coordinated committee." Yet he knew how to deliver powerful speeches and act as an inspirational leader for others.
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Turnbow was married and had six children, sons Jewross and Hartman, and daughters Mae Alice, Mae Bell, Mary and Christine.
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His words flowed rapidly with lilting energy. They tumbled from his mouth, often indecipherable to my inexperienced ears.
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162:(MFDP) was founded. Turnbow was elected delegate of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) at the
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Pulitzer Prizes. Do we have the guts to do something about racial bias? Retrieved February 6, 2020, from
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Turnbow died on August 15, 1988, at the Methodist Hospital of Middle Mississippi in
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On April 9, 1963, Turnbow, with a group of 13 other African Americans, including
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769:"Hartman Turnbow," poetry from and about the Civil Rights Movement, Mike Kellin
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https://www.pulitzer.org/article/do-we-have-guts-do-something-about-racial-bias
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117:. His grandparents were former slaves and he inherited their farm. He moved to
97:(March 20, 1905 – August 15, 1988) was a Mississippi farmer, orator, and
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An example of the way Turnbow spoke can be found in this excerpt, when during
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SNCC's Joyce Ladner accompanied Turnbow and his wife in Atlantic City for the
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The New Citizenship : Unconventional Politics, Activism, and Service
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536:"The what and why of Negroes and the Gun: The Black Tradition of Arms"
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759:"Mississippi, Into the Storm." Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement
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activist Sue (Lorenzi) Sojourner said this about Turnbow's oration:
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315:"Hartman Turnbow: United States Social Security Death Index"
142:, Ozell Mitchell, and Alma Mitchell Carnegie arrived at the
125:, where he became an independent farmer and owned his land.
592:"Discussion on African-American voter registration ::"
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he tried to persuade more black Mississippians to vote:
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Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
2749:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
2995:
African American founding fathers of the United States
1348:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
1213:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
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343:"Hartman Turnbow - Mississippi Civil Rights Project"
3043:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
721:, page 12, Lexington, Mississippi, August 25, 1988
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1579:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1569:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1502:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1393:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
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3048:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
2956:List of lynching victims in the United States
1294:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
806:
485:"Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)"
3282:20th-century African-American businesspeople
786:1964 interview with Hartman Turnbow (part 2)
781:1964 interview with Hartman Turnbow (part 1)
3257:Activists for African-American civil rights
1423:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
154:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
1472:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
813:
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3028:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
680:
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3063:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
1103:University of Georgia desegregation riot
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183:and King wished to elevate this tactic.
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2977:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
2714:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
2709:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
764:"Hartman Turnbow," One Person, One Vote
364:Sherrill, Robert (September 14, 1980).
113:Turnbow was born on March 20, 1905, in
3267:People from Holmes County, Mississippi
3229:
2891:African-American women in the movement
1343:White House Conference on Civil Rights
1174:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
658:"Forty Years of the Voting Rights Act"
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1332:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
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3277:20th-century American businesspeople
3100:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1564:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1512:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1458:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
935:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
860:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
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175:Hartman Turnbow famously confronted
160:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1507:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1443:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
1113:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
619:"Nexis Uni® - Sign In | LexisNexis"
568:"Nexis Uni® - Sign In | LexisNexis"
456:"Nexis Uni® - Sign In | LexisNexis"
304:
196:1964 Democratic National Convention
164:1964 Democratic National Convention
13:
2951:African-American churches attacked
1517:Montgomery Improvement Association
1492:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1477:Council of Federated Organizations
1448:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1206:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
1164:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
970:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
874:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
709:
681:Rimmerman, Craig A. (2018-05-04).
635:
608:
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560:
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14:
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3023:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
2896:Jews in the civil rights movement
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596:digital.library.illinoisstate.edu
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332:
3217:Civil rights movement portal
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3058:Freedom Riders National Monument
2800:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1312:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
1271:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
1158:Second Emancipation Proclamation
201:
3272:People from Tchula, Mississippi
3085:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
3073:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1549:National Council of Negro Women
1487:Deacons for Defense and Justice
724:
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650:
290:"Hartman Turnbow (1905 - 1988)"
965:Mansfield school desegregation
357:
282:
1:
3252:20th-century American farmers
3095:National Voting Rights Museum
3038:Civil Rights Movement Archive
2837:Lynching in the United States
2724:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
1179:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
1152:University of Chicago sit-ins
919:Davis v. Prince Edward County
275:
108:
3090:National Civil Rights Museum
2946:March on Washington Movement
2931:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1400:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
171:Nonviolence Freedom Movement
7:
2734:"This Little Light of Mine"
1482:Dallas County Voters League
1428:Atlanta Negro Voters League
1191:Letter from Birmingham Jail
898:Brown v. Board of Education
10:
3298:
3068:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
2936:Holt Street Baptist Church
2906:16th Street Baptist Church
1890:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1534:Nashville Student Movement
1464:An Appeal for Human Rights
345:. mscivilrightsproject.org
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2565:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2535:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
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1599:Women's Political Council
1594:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1589:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1574:Southern Regional Council
1544:Northern Student Movement
1453:Committee for Freedom Now
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1360:Memphis sanitation strike
1326:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1248:
1069:Savannah Protest Movement
1031:
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850:Journey of Reconciliation
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829:
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3262:Farmers from Mississippi
3247:African-American farmers
1433:Atlanta Student Movement
1382:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1307:1964–1965 Scripto strike
1288:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1186:1963 Birmingham campaign
1079:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1003:Civil Rights Act of 1957
719:The Holmes County Herald
516:Mississippi Encyclopedia
236:
2985:Voter Education Project
2739:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2400:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
1835:Josephine Dobbs Clement
1261:Chester school protests
1256:Twenty-fourth Amendment
1218:Detroit Walk to Freedom
960:Tallahassee bus boycott
881:Baton Rouge bus boycott
187:self-defense just like
3198:Movement photographers
2440:Bernice Johnson Reagon
2160:Martin Luther King Sr.
2155:Martin Luther King Jr.
1725:William Holmes Borders
1497:Highlander Folk School
1387:Poor People's Campaign
1240:St. Augustine movement
1090:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
1013:Katz Drug Store sit-in
984:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
946:Montgomery bus boycott
736:Zinn Education Project
292:. www.ancientfaces.com
273:
260:
229:Marriages and children
226:
177:Martin Luther King Jr.
3033:Civil Rights Memorial
2921:Bethel Baptist Church
2570:Charles Kenzie Steele
2015:Audrey Faye Hendricks
1920:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1900:Patricia Stephens Due
1870:Abraham Lincoln Davis
1805:Colia Lafayette Clark
1559:Operation Breadbasket
1554:National Urban League
1301:Katzenbach v. McClung
1169:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
822:Civil rights movement
693:10.4324/9780429494413
623:signin.lexisnexis.com
572:signin.lexisnexis.com
460:signin.lexisnexis.com
268:
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221:
207:House fire and arrest
181:Civil Rights Movement
129:Civil Rights Movement
115:Mileston, Mississippi
103:Civil Rights Movement
79:Civil Rights Movement
40:Mileston, Mississippi
3078:other King memorials
3053:Freedom Rides Museum
2990:1960s counterculture
2941:Edmund Pettus Bridge
2620:Walter Francis White
2525:Alexander D. Shimkin
1039:New Year's Day March
1008:Ministers' Manifesto
855:Executive Order 9981
489:SNCC Digital Gateway
431:SNCC Digital Gateway
366:"Looking At America"
2816:Mary McLeod Bethune
2777:Sermon on the Mount
2744:"We Shall Overcome"
2325:William Lewis Moore
2105:Frank Minis Johnson
2080:Richie Jean Jackson
2035:Donald L. Hollowell
1840:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
1645:Gwendolyn Armstrong
1640:William G. Anderson
1620:Victoria Gray Adams
1584:The Freedom Singers
1438:Black Panther Party
1223:March on Washington
1136:Garner v. Louisiana
1097:Boynton v. Virginia
400:. zinnedproject.org
398:"》Turnbow, Hartman"
158:In April 1964, the
61:, Mississippi, U.S.
3133:Michael Eric Dyson
3018:In popular culture
2901:Fifth Circuit Four
2885:Loving v. Virginia
2878:Hernandez v. Texas
2857:Buchanan v. Warley
2849:Separate but equal
2843:Plessy v. Ferguson
2806:Frederick Douglass
2640:Robert F. Williams
2550:Kelly Miller Smith
2530:Fred Shuttlesworth
2455:Frederick D. Reese
2435:George Raymond Jr.
2425:A. Philip Randolph
2405:Fay Bellamy Powell
2320:Queen Mother Moore
2205:Z. Alexander Looby
2150:Coretta Scott King
2095:Barbara Rose Johns
2075:Jimmie Lee Jackson
2000:William E. Harbour
1780:Stokely Carmichael
1695:Randolph Blackwell
1365:King assassination
1354:Loving v. Virginia
1338:March Against Fear
1318:How Long, Not Long
1196:Children's Crusade
1147:Cambridge movement
1084:Ax Handle Saturday
1049:Greensboro sit-ins
976:Give Us the Ballot
732:"Turnbow, Hartman"
512:"Turnbow, Hartman"
371:The New York Times
134:Voter registration
70:Independent farmer
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3001:Eyes on the Prize
2916:A.G. Gaston Motel
2911:Kelly Ingram Park
2871:Sweatt v. Painter
2555:Mary Louise Smith
2515:Cleveland Sellers
2500:Michael Schwerner
2465:Gloria Richardson
2245:Thurgood Marshall
2165:Bernard Lafayette
1895:John Wesley Dobbs
1409:
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1128:Birmingham attack
1108:Rock Hill sit-ins
1059:Sibley Commission
1054:Nashville sit-ins
926:Gebhart v. Belton
912:Briggs v. Elliott
905:Bolling v. Sharpe
866:Sweatt v. Painter
702:978-0-429-49441-3
427:"Hartman Turnbow"
92:
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3178:Charles M. Payne
3163:Steven F. Lawson
3153:David Halberstam
3123:Clayborne Carson
2864:Hocutt v. Wilson
2811:W. E. B. Du Bois
2660:Sammy Younge Jr.
2645:Q. V. Williamson
2610:Wyatt Tee Walker
2475:Bernice Robinson
2420:Lincoln Ragsdale
2410:Rodney N. Powell
2305:Douglas E. Moore
2180:Sanford R. Leigh
2115:J. Charles Jones
1990:Fannie Lou Hamer
1905:Joseph Ellwanger
1865:Jonathan Daniels
1855:Claudette Colvin
1845:Annie Lee Cooper
1830:Kathleen Cleaver
1825:Eldridge Cleaver
1800:Shirley Chisholm
1690:Gloria Blackwell
1281:workers' murders
1228:"I Have a Dream"
1123:Anniston bombing
1074:Greenville Eight
989:Little Rock Nine
952:Browder v. Gayle
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2961:Freedom Schools
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2686:Omaha, Nebraska
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2590:Hartman Turnbow
2580:Dorothy Tillman
2540:Glenn E. Smiley
2520:Charles Sherrod
2480:Jo Ann Robinson
2355:Charles Neblett
2345:Elijah Muhammad
2310:Harriette Moore
2270:Floyd McKissick
2255:Franklin McCain
2190:Stanley Levison
2055:T. R. M. Howard
2005:Vincent Harding
1935:Walter Fauntroy
1820:Xernona Clayton
1770:John H. Calhoun
1755:Aurelia Browder
1745:Stanley Branche
1740:Raylawni Branch
1720:Joseph E. Boone
1705:Ezell Blair Jr.
1700:Unita Blackwell
1675:Harry Belafonte
1615:Ralph Abernathy
1603:
1539:Nation of Islam
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1201:Birmingham riot
1142:Albany Movement
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1044:Sit-in movement
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3128:John Dittmer
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2650:Andrew Young
2605:A. T. Walden
2600:C. T. Vivian
2589:
2560:Maxine Smith
2395:Homer Plessy
2375:James Orange
2330:Irene Morgan
2285:William Ming
2265:Ralph McGill
2200:Viola Liuzzo
2185:Jim Letherer
2170:James Lawson
2100:Vernon Johns
2090:Esau Jenkins
2045:Myles Horton
1995:Fred Hampton
1985:Prathia Hall
1975:Dick Gregory
1945:Marie Foster
1940:James Forman
1930:James Farmer
1915:Medgar Evers
1875:Angela Davis
1810:Ramsey Clark
1790:James Chaney
1785:Johnnie Carr
1765:Ralph Bunche
1760:H. Rap Brown
1750:Ruby Bridges
1710:Joanne Bland
1685:Claude Black
1665:Marion Barry
1635:Muhammad Ali
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1018:Kissing Case
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402:. Retrieved
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349:February 28,
347:. Retrieved
324:February 25,
322:. Retrieved
296:February 28,
294:. Retrieved
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53:(1988-08-15)
3242:1988 deaths
3237:1905 births
3168:Doug McAdam
3138:Chuck Fager
2765:Nonviolence
2670:James Zwerg
2665:Bob Zellner
2625:Roy Wilkins
2575:Hank Thomas
2510:Pete Seeger
2505:Bobby Seale
2370:Jack O'Dell
2365:Edgar Nixon
2295:Amzie Moore
2290:Jack Minnis
2230:Mae Mallory
2215:Clara Luper
2175:Bernard Lee
2065:Cecil Ivory
2060:Ruby Hurley
2030:Oliver Hill
2025:Aaron Henry
1925:Chuck Fager
1885:Dave Dennis
1775:Guy Carawan
1715:Julian Bond
1680:James Bevel
1670:Daisy Bates
941:Emmett Till
824:(1954–1968)
101:during the
3231:Categories
3111:historians
2792:Satyagraha
2758:Influences
2450:James Reeb
2385:James Peck
2380:Rosa Parks
2350:Diane Nash
2220:Danny Lyon
2195:John Lewis
2140:A. D. King
2040:James Hood
1655:Ella Baker
1625:Zev Aelony
741:2020-04-30
667:2020-04-30
628:2023-04-27
601:2020-02-07
577:2023-04-27
553:2023-04-27
521:2023-04-27
494:2020-02-07
465:2023-04-27
436:2020-02-07
276:References
109:Early life
67:Occupation
32:1905-03-20
2770:Padayatra
2719:"Kumbaya"
2679:By region
2335:Bob Moses
2240:Bob Mants
2225:Malcolm X
2145:C.B. King
1965:Fred Gray
1608:Activists
1249:1964–1968
1032:1960–1963
890:1954–1959
548:0190-8286
243:Lexington
59:Lexington
2700:Movement
2130:Tom Kahn
1414:Activist
834:timeline
99:activist
2825:Related
2415:Al Raby
1370:funeral
1233:Big Six
662:NPR.org
119:Chicago
3011:Legacy
2787:Ahimsa
1416:groups
877:(1950)
869:(1950)
830:Events
699:
546:
249:Legacy
123:Tchula
85:Spouse
42:, U.S.
3109:Noted
2702:songs
1522:NAACP
1375:riots
775:Audio
237:Death
697:ISBN
544:ISSN
406:2015
379:2015
351:2015
326:2017
298:2015
48:Died
26:Born
689:doi
3233::
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