332:, and published their findings in a 1962 University of Chicago Press book. They found that neither of the two previous editors had realized that Melville's wife had begun to prepare the manuscript for publication, but could not resolve the many difficulties and gave up. The two earlier editors did not recognize that many of the comments were in her handwriting, not her husband's; they printed her queries and notes as if they were Melville's own. Weaver found loose sheets in a separate folder marked "Preface?" and printed them as the Preface. Hayford and Sealts recognized that she had come across the folder and guessed that it was a Prefaceâhence the question mark. The earlier editors also mistakenly assumed that the pages of the manuscript were in the sequence Melville intended. Hayford and Sealts corrected readings of many words, distinguished the types of papers to show the order in which they were written, observed how Melville's handwriting and writing instruments changed over the years, and noted his use of crayons and inks of different colors. They determined the stages in which Melville developed the plot. To show readers these stages, they prepared a "genetic text" that used a system of markings and symbols to show the history of each leaf, indicate crossings-out and insertions, marginal notes and who made them, and alternative readings.
298:, an approach that focused on close reading of texts and downplayed or excluded the author's life or historical situation. Hayford later remarked that "Just by looking closely at a piece of writing, they saw a lot of things that nobody else had noticed before. But you take people with PhDs, who are expected to be scholars, and you tell them that they have to find something new -- well, the first 5 may come up with something, but when you have 50 people looking, the text gets used up." These critics also did not often question whether the texts themselves were reliable. The ideal of
515:
collection, his attention turned to other topics. Although he was generous in giving books to graduate students, he sold or donated from this stock only to college or university libraries in thematic groups, such as
American fiction, humor, and poetry. He devoted special attention to areas that were then less developed, such as writings by women and African Americans, in order to encourage research. In addition to the Newberry Library, large collections went to Purdue University, Western Michigan University, University of Toledo, and Meiji University in Tokyo.
345:, for instance, found fault with the âunacceptable attempts to throw out the âPreface,ââ and suggested that âperhaps Melville put the so-called Preface in a separate folder because he wanted to use it eventually as a âPrefaceâ No other Preface for Billy Budd has been found.â Hershel Parker later countered that âthose who felt as if they had been robbed of familiar passages did not particularly care whether or not Melville himself had rejected the passages.... what mattered to them was that as far as they were concerned
104:
his bereaved father, Loretto, and remained on the farm to raise his four younger siblings. One of
Harrison's students later speculated that his love of story and language was nurtured by listening to the retired seamen who were taken into the poorhouse. The farm was auctioned by the county, however, when the family could not pay the taxes. Hayford attended a one-room school where his mother was the teacher, then graduated from
422:, a device used by astronomers to discover changes among the stars by comparing successive images. "You can look through a whole text and not find any changes," Hayford said. "But that doesn't mean you've been wasting your time. You've found out a great deal. You found that the text is healthy. Some are absolutely cancerous." Important corrections to accepted texts emerged almost immediately.
402:
gifts. The collection was enlarged to include at least one copy of every printing of each of
Melville's books published in his lifetime, since Melville might possibly have made textual changes, and to accumulate copies of articles and reviews on Melville. When the collection was broken up, many of the contents were transferred to the Melville Society.
474:
greatly expanded the material in the historical and critical appendices in the recent volumes. The edition "quite simply reinvented itself and in so doing redefined what a scholarly volume can and perhaps ought to be." Milder cautioned, however, "no firm and abiding principle governs the inclusion or exclusion of material."
119:, a nationally respected poet who taught at Tufts. Holmes held a weekly poetry reading and discussion session in his apartment, where Hayford and Ciardi met Josephine Bosworth Wishart, a graduate student whom both courted. In the spring of 1938 Hayford and Wishart eloped by street-car to Providence, where they married.
518:
In 1990, he and his wife donated "The
Josephine Long Wishart Collection: Mother, Home, and Heaven," a collection of more than 800 books by and about American women, to Wooster College to provide research material for the college's undergraduate research program. The collection honors Josephine Long
208:
Hayford taught freshman composition, graduate seminars, and undergraduate courses in new areas, such as
African American literature, folk-lore, and individual American authors. After the war, he was one of the "young turks" in the English Department who worked to put freshman English at the center of
514:
One former student estimated that some 200,000 volumes must have passed through
Hayford's house over the course of his career, also filling his attic, basement, and garage. He began to accumulate books in large numbers after 1965. Since he then could buy Melville books only for the Newberry Melville
258:
Hayford's influence in the
Melville field came without his having written an influential early book establishing him as an authority. His student, Hershel Parker, wrote that "he did it his way." He never published his Yale doctoral thesis on the relation between Melville and Hawthorne, but Melville
103:
Hayford's early life was spent on the
Hayford Farm, which was established in 1821 and was in 1859 made the town Poorhouse Farm. Ralph Hayford, his father, was the oldest of five surviving children (of eight). After his mother died shortly after childbirth in 1891, Ralph took over responsibility from
510:
Hayford was also known to friends and students as a book-lover and collector. His essay "An
Apology for Book Accumulating," however, argued that there was value in accumulating books without narrowing the reasons. He defended a collection of Twentieth Century Second Rate Fiction on the grounds that
405:
Establishing a reliable text was not simple. The first printing of a book might not represent the author's intentions: Melville's handwriting was cramped, misreadings and typographical errors were common, and
Melville was impatient with proofreading. In addition, publishers censored or cut many of
401:
and Northwestwestern together as co-sponsors. A basic task was to assemble a collection of Melville editions and research materials. The Newberry's Herman Melville Collection at its height contained more than 6,100 items. The core was Hayfordâs personal collection, augmented through purchases and
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contained "unnecessary duplicates" and that he excluded other interpretations. Robert Milder, reviewing several volumes published in the mid-1990s, remarked that the ratio of material in the appendices in the earlier volumes was roughly two to one, but that the Northwestern-Newberry editors had
377:
did for French authors, that is, publish standard works in well-designed volumes that could be held and read comfortably. They were satisfied to print the text of the first editions of the works they selected. Hayford, who was a consultant for CEAA, applauded Wilson's idea for such a series but
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and renewed the attack on the CEAA. Wilson quoted from the CEAA guidelines and wrote that he was "prepared to acknowledge the competence of Mr. Harrison Hayford, Mr. Hershel Parker, and Mr. G. Thomas Taselle in the stultifying task assigned them," but that they are sometimes as much bored and
414:
had developed to analyze Elizabethan texts. The textual editor was to first chose a "copy text," then compare all other possible texts with it. Punctuation and spelling were known as "accidentals," since they had probably been decided on by the publishing house. Hayford's graduate students and
320:
found these pages among the papers made available to him by Melville's grand-daughter. Weaver produced a text for a collected edition of Melville's works in 1928, but he did not have experience with Melville's difficult handwriting and could only guess at Melville's intentions. Another version
126:
for his graduate program in American literature. Although Williams did little publication on the subject himself, he encouraged these graduate students to focus on Melville. The group did research in archives and libraries in order to move beyond the first generation of studies, which treated
458:
has been so relentlessley carried out that in the technical language of this species of scholarshipâof 'substantives,' 'accidentals,' and 'copy-texts' -- that a glossary should be provided for readers who are not registered union membersâif there are any such readersâof the Modern Language
386:
in 1982, Hayford commented that "We pleaded with them to combine the two ideas. We'd do the texts, and they'd publish them. But they wouldn't have anything to do with us." Neither group could win over the other or convince foundations to support them. Hayford and the MLA approached the
477:
Northwestern-Newberry texts soon were accepted as standard and widely reprinted. Because the National Endowment for the Humanities funded the project, the texts were not copyright, and there was no fee to reprint them. Edmund Wilson and Jason Epstein's vision came to fruition in the
68:
surveyed the scholarship about Herman Melville over the twentieth century and concluded that "Harrison Hayford has been responsible for more basic work âfrom the maintenance of a file of secondary material to the production of critical editionsâthan anyone elseâ .
406:
his early books and Melville made changes and corrections on the page proofs or inserted new material. It was also possible that any edition published during the author's life might have his own corrections or changes. Hayford studied the techniques of
336:
called the genetic text an "historic achievement" that made all the textual evidence available for scholars to construct "reading texts." The 1962 University of Chicago volume included both the genetic text and a reading text, which Sealts prepared.
1113:
340:
Some reviewers questioned the need for textual editing. They doubted that the earlier published versions needed to be revised, or objected to changing a text they had long been teaching. Princeton University literary historian
426:, for instance, was printed in London without the last chapter but with other substantive changes that only the author might have made. Correcting even a single word might affect interpretation. The Harvard literary historian
1180:. Short reminiscences by Tanselle, G. Thomas, Hershel Parker, Amy Puett Emmers, William G. Holzberger, Joel Myerson, Russell Reising, Robert D. Madison, Mary K. Bercaw Edwards, Alma Macdougall Reising and Steven Olsen-Smith.
361:(MLA) established the Center for Editions of American Authors (CEAA), which proposed to organize textual editing and publication projects for major American authors. At about the same time, the eminent literary figure
462:
Other reviewers praised the edition's textual scholarship for establishing reliable texts. Some questioned particular decisions behind the reading texts, however. Julian Markels, writing in the journal
482:. The first volume in the series was devoted to Melville, edited by G. Thomas Tanselle, and Hayford edited a later volume. The texts were those established by the Northwestern- Newberry editions.
100:
Harrison Hayford was born in Belfast, Maine, son of Ralph Hayford (1881 - 1945) and Marjorie Chase Hayford. He had two sisters, Viola (Glass), and Marion, who died of tuberculosis as a child.
1367:
History of the Hayford Family, 1100-1909: With Biographical and illustrations, its connections by the Bonney, Fuller and Phinney families with the Mayflower, 1602, Chickering family, 1356-1900
1792:
200:
He and Josephine had four children: Charles Wishart Hayford (1941- ), Ralph Harrison Hayford (1944- 2002), Alison Margaret Hayford (1946- ), and Deborah Bosworth Hayford (Weiss) (1950 - ).
105:
1121:
391:, which agreed to support the CEAA. "These were the Kennedy years," Hayford said later. "They were giving scientists money to shoot at the moon and the scholars money to compare commas."
394:
The Melville project was launched in 1966 with expectations that there would be fifteen volumes and would be completed in a few years. The final volume was not published until 2017.
469:
charged that Hayford and Sealts had been wrong to remove the "Preface" from Billy Budd. He also charged that Hayford used his position as General Editor to push his thesis that
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a humanistic curriculum. Along with his Northwestern colleagues Wallace Douglas and Ernest Samuels, he was called one of the âearly animators and contributorsâ to the
342:
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was to establish the author's intention, which might well have been lost when the publisher edited the original manuscript or distorted when the printer set type.
260:
224:, became one of the bestselling English composition texts of its time. Selections included essays, short fiction, and poems ranging from the early English poet
147:, but when he found that he could not gain access to crucial archival papers, he turned to Melville. His dissertation on the relationship between Melville and
286:
disapproved of the idea, recalled Hilway, perhaps because he believed that there were already too many literary societies or that Melville did not merit one.
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154:
He joined the English department of Northwestern University in 1942 and retired after 44 years of teaching there in 1986. He also was visiting professor at
1748:
538:——; Sealts, Merton M. (1962). "Billy Budd, Sailor (an inside Narrative) Reading Text and Genetic Text". Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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editorial assistants later recalled reading copy-texts aloud word by word, including spelling and punctuation, in order to check against other editions.
210:
498:
notes that it contains both "scholarly-critical essays," in which textual history and bibliographical facts shape and inform critical insight, but also
726:—— (1940). "Society in American Poetry : A Study of the Relation of Social Themes to Religious Values". Masters. Medford, MA: Tufts.
1154:
225:
564:—— (1968). "The Writings of Herman Melville". Hershel Parker and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
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111:
He entered Tufts College, where he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in English in 1938 and 1940. His undergraduate roommate was the poet
1036:. In addition to the essays marked above, includes "Is Moby-Dick a Botch?"; "An Apology for Book Accumulation"; "Melville's Imaginary Sister".
236:
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from 1942 until his retirement in 1986. He was a leading figure in the post-World War II generation of Melville scholars who mounted the
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scholars read it in manuscript and it is called "seminal". After resisting pressure to write a Melville biography, Hayford encouraged
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1532:
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1630:. The Writings of Herman Melville The Northwestern-Newberry Edition Volume Thirteen. Evanston, Il: Northwestern University Press.
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has been called âseminal." Hayford discovered letters, journal extracts, and other materials which he later included in articles.
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1252:
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594:. with William Henry Gilman, Arthur William Plumstead. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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282:, for which Hayford served as president four times (1955, 1970, 1992, 1999). The prominent scholar of American literature
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After his death in 2001, Northwestern University Press published a collection of Hayford's selected and revised essays,
1793:""The Coiled Fish of the Sea": A Brief History of the Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville"
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1114:"The Coiled Fish of the Sea": A Brief History of the Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville"
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a day-by-day compilation of Melvilleâs activities. Howardâs 1951 biography was dedicated to Hayford and Leyda.
2009:
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Artful Thunder : Versions of the Romantic Tradition in American Literature, in Honor of Howard P. Vincent
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1426:
465:
55:
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Melville, Herman (2017). Hayford, Harrison; MacDougall, Alma; Sandberg, Robert; Tanselle, G. Thomas (eds.).
997:—— (1978). "Unnecessary Duplicates: A Key to the Writing of Moby-Dick". In Pullin, Faith (ed.).
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1304:
1749:"Edmund Wilson's Big Idea: A Series of Books Devoted to Classic American Writing. It Almost Didn't Happen"
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in 1962, which he spent in Paris, France. He helped found and served four terms as president of the
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Typee : A Peep at Polynesian Life During a Four Months' Residence in a Valley of the Marquesas
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1373:
1140:
Catalogue and Reference Guide to "The Josephine Long Wishart Collection: Mother, Home, and Heaven"
1339:
155:
43:
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Moby-Dick: An Authoritative Text Reviews and Letters by Melville Analogues and Sources Criticism
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163:
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Melville's writings as reliably autobiographical. The Yale students became key players in the
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447:, which appeared in 1968. Edmund Wilson's "The Fruits of the MLA" reviewed the volume in the
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Ford Foundation records, The Fund for the Advancement of Education (TFAE) files (FA740)
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950:
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889:—— (1951). "(Review) Herman Melville, A Critical Study. by Richard Chase".
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Melville, Herman, edited and with an Introduction by Harrison Hayford, Walter Blair,
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1024:. With a foreword by Hershel Parker. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
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published in 1948 reproduced many of Weaver's misreadings and added other mistakes.
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494:(2003), with an extensive introduction by Hershel Parker. John Bryant's review in
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The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Vol. 7: 1838-1842
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The Many âRoomsâ of Herman Melville â Analog Beginnings to the Digital Present
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839:——; Davis, Merrell R. (1949). "Herman Melville as Office-Seeker".
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annoyed as the reviewer is by these exactions; but the project in the case of
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fish of the sea," a phrase, however, that was a typesetter's misreading of "
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in disorder on his desk when he died in 1893. Melville's first biographer,
186:
1244:
Hunting Captain Ahab : Psychological Warfare and the Melville Revival
1137:
Gilgenbach, Cara, and College of Wooster. Women's Studies Program (1993).
1069:
810:—— (1946). "The Significance of Melville's "Agatha" Letters".
441:
The first volume of the Northwestern-Newberry edition to be published was
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had always come with a Preface and always should come with a âPreface.ââ
177:
Among the Northwestern colleagues with whom he had close friendships were
1162:
Students (2003). "Harrison Hayford (1916â2001): His Students Recollect".
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112:
1944:
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523:. Topics range from cooking and cleaning to marriage and birth control,
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insisted that reliable texts must first be established. Interviewed by
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started to study the manuscript, which had been deposited in Harvard's
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802:
1576:
Historical Listing of Melville Society Officers and Committee Members
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Hayford, Josephine Wishart; ——; Wishart, Josephine Long.
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1909:
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263:, then of the Northwestern English Department, to collaborate with
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Hayford was among the students recruited by Yale English professor
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Wishart, his wife's mother and wife of former Wooster president
1980:
1978:
1198:"Harrison Hayford, 85; Professor, Top Expert on Herman Melville"
373:, proposed a series that would do for American authors what the
235:(1959), a selection of historical documents concerning the 1793
1931:
Milder, Robert (1996). "Review: Editing Melville's Afterlife".
1262:
Tanselle, G. Thomas (1986), "Melville and the World of Books",
278:, another student of Stanley Williams, and Hayford founded the
1671:
Thompson, Lawrance (1964). "Book Review: Billy Budd, Sailor".
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and the mutiny may have been in Melville's mind when he wrote
1975:
1527:
Practicing Writing: The Postwar Discourse of Freshman English
752:—— (1944). "Two New Letters of Herman Melville".
443:
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which students could use as a resource for essays. Commander
1186:"Harrison Mosher Hayford, 85, Professor and Melville Expert"
680:
Moby-Dick as Doubloon : Essays and Extracts (1851-1970)
30:) was a scholar of American literature, most prominently of
1479:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1042:
Josephine Long Wishart Collection: Mother, Home, and Heaven
781:—— (1946). "Hawthorne, Melville, and the Sea".
860:—— (1952). "Leon Howard's "Herman Melville"".
1467:
1456:
Sanford Marovitz, "The Melville Revival," in Wyn Kelley:
352:
1896:
Markels, Julian (1994). "The Moby-Dick White Elephant".
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L'Amoreaux, Marion (1964). "Anthologies and Workbooks".
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143:). Hayford had intended to write his doctoral thesis on
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1990:
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1056:
Bryant, John (2006). "Melville's Prisoners (Review)".
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1345:
971:. In DeMott, Robert J.; Marovitz, Sanford E. (eds.).
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Melville left loose pages of the draft manuscript of
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1962, University of Maine, and University of Paris,
1963:
1815:, Council on Library and Information Resources, 2012
1768:
1766:
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1432:
933:—— (1959). "Poe in the Confidence-Man".
115:. Their shared interest in poetry was sharpened by
2089:
Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1951:
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1283:
1281:
921:—— (1958). "Melville's Freudian Slip".
641:——; with Vincent, Howard Paton (1952),
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211:
Conference on College Composition and Communication
50:He was General Editor of the Northwestern-Newberry
972:
966:
688:
203:
139:(Sealts had been a classmate of Hayford's wife at
1874:. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
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1628:Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Uncompleted Writings
1082:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1039:
610:Omoo; a Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas
485:
294:Literary study in the 1940s was dominated by the
253:
2065:
1278:
1015:. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
1012:Melville's "Monody" : Really for Hawthorne?
1214:, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press,
1120:, Northwestern University Press, archived from
695:, with Hershel Parker, eds., New York: Norton,
26:, Maine 1 November 1916 - d. 10 December 2001
1497:
1401:. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
678:Parker, Hershel; ——, eds. (1970),
968:""Loomings": Yarns and Figures in the Fabric"
677:
418:The editorial team compared editions using a
1529:, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press
1266:, John Bryant, ed, New York: Greenwood Press
1153:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
511:bad literature was also part of the record.
1616:
1614:
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979:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press.
667:Classic American Writers; a Basic Selection
1996:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1136:
1548:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice - Hall.
660:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice - Hall.
634:
1984:
1842:
1812:Herman Melville Collection, 1846-present
1625:
1611:
1473:
1447:
1441:
1384:
1370:, Canton, Maine: Rumford Fall Publishing
1316:
1261:
1195:
1161:
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2043:Hayford, Harrison M. (1916-2001) Papers
1957:
1895:
1871:Melville Biography: An inside Narrative
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1247:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press.
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682:, New York: W. W. Norton & Company
353:Northwestern-Newberry Melville edition
220:, edited with fellow Melville scholar
1854:
1790:
1620:G. Thomas Tanselle, "Textual Note on
1586:
1558:
1287:
1240:
1196:McLellan, Dennis (23 December 2001),
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1097:. New York: Oxford University Press.
709:
389:National Endowment for the Humanities
216:His 1952 freshman English anthology,
95:
1774:"Literary Editions Are in the Works"
1143:. Wooster, Ohio: College of Wooster.
1112:Fritz, Meaghan (November 22, 2017),
1094:Dive Deeper: Journeys with Moby-Dick
612:. (New York: Hendricks House, 1969).
430:expounded on meaning of the phrase "
1184:Honan, William (20 December 2001),
13:
1176:10.1111/j.1750-1849.2003.tb00071.x
531:
505:
289:
14:
2140:
2045:Northwestern University Archives.
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2011:Josephine Long Wishart Collection
1342:John Simon Guggenheim Foundation.
160:University of Washington, Seattle
1307:Northwestern University Archives
502:, source study, and biography.
80:in 1956-1957, which he spent in
2094:Northwestern University faculty
2002:
1924:
1889:
1860:
1819:
1803:
1784:
1725:The Use and Abuse of Literature
1716:
1664:
1568:
1544:Hayford, Harrison, ed. (1959).
1537:
1518:
1491:
1264:A Companion to Melville Studies
204:Teaching and teaching materials
52:The Writings of Herman Melville
2119:Book and manuscript collectors
2051:Xroads University of Virginia.
1458:A Companion to Herman Melville
1390:
1357:
1333:
1322:
486:Literary history and criticism
254:Melville revival and influence
131:of the 1940s. Among them were
1:
1230:"The Man Who Edited Melville"
1049:
1001:. Edinburgh University Press.
717:= reprinted (and revised) in
305:
56:Northwestern University Press
2099:American literary historians
1228:Sandlin, Lee (28 May 1982),
999:New Perspectives on Melville
656:——, ed. (1959).
410:that bibliographers such as
193:, Walter Bernard Scott, and
7:
1236:, reprinted Lee Sandlin.com
359:Modern Language Association
244:Alexander Slidell Mackenzie
16:American scholar and editor
10:
2145:
2129:People from Belfast, Maine
1460:. Blackwell, Oxford 2006,
1397:Cifelli, Edward M (1998).
935:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
862:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
647:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin
620:, New York N.Y.: Penguin,
267:, who was researching his
74:Ford Foundation Fellowship
2014:, Wooster College Library
1723:Garber, Marjorie (2012),
1305:Biography/Historical Note
853:10.1215/00267929-10-2-168
841:Modern Language Quarterly
228:to contemporary writers.
1868:Parker, Hershel (2012).
1546:The Somers Mutiny Affair
1525:Masters, Thomas (2004),
1399:John Ciardi: A Biography
1271:
1241:Spark, Clare L. (2006).
1208:Parker, Hershel (1990),
658:The Somers Mutiny Affair
450:New York Review of Books
233:The Somers Mutiny Affair
2114:American bibliographers
2049:Hayford and Sealts 1962
1791:Fritz, Meaghan (2017).
1747:Skinner, David (2015).
1340:HARRISON MOSHER HAYFORD
1091:Cotkin, George (2012).
1020:—— (2003).
1009:—— (1990).
965:—— (1975).
687:—— (1994),
669:, Boston: Little, Brown
665:—— (1962),
616:—— (1979),
590:—— (1969).
343:Lawrance Roger Thompson
156:University of Minnesota
44:Northwestern University
20:Harrison Mosher Hayford
2084:Yale University alumni
2024:: CS1 maint: others (
1780:: 73, 11 December 1966
1364:Hayford, Otis (1901),
1072:(inactive 2024-09-19).
739:Cite journal requires
671:Available free online
635:Teaching and textbooks
577:Cite journal requires
551:Cite journal requires
164:University of Florence
1831:Robert Allen Sandberg
1070:10.1353/lvn.2006.0027
891:Modern Language Notes
783:New England Quarterly
527:Selected publications
324:In 1955, Hayford and
86:Guggenheim Fellowship
1987:, p. 71-72, 83.
1833:, (21 December 2012)
1799:(November 22, 2017).
1022:Melville's Prisoners
719:Melville's Prisoners
500:explication de texte
492:Melville's Prisoners
397:Hayford brought the
78:Fulbright Fellowship
2104:Textual scholarship
1898:American Literature
1673:American Literature
1500:The Reading Teacher
1488:, p. 206, 162.
923:American Literature
466:American Literature
438:fish of the sea."
181:, Wallace Douglas,
149:Nathaniel Hawthorne
145:Ralph Waldo Emerson
124:Stanley T. Williams
72:Hayford received a
1622:Billy Budd, Sailor
1574:Melville Society
1211:Reading Billy Budd
710:Books and articles
521:Charles F. Wishart
480:Library of America
365:and the publisher
357:In the 1950s, the
334:G. Thomas Tanselle
213:, formed in 1949.
168:Harvard University
106:Crosby High School
96:Life and education
66:G. Thomas Tanselle
28:Evanston, Illinois
2109:Textual criticism
1997:Gilgenbach (1993)
1637:978-0-8101-1113-4
1254:978-0-87338-888-7
1221:978-0-8101-0961-2
1202:Los Angeles Times
1124:on March 31, 2019
649:Internet Archive
644:Reader and Writer
408:textual criticism
300:textual criticism
222:Howard P. Vincent
218:Reader and Writer
195:Samuel Schoenbaum
60:textual criticism
48:Melville Revival.
2136:
2055:Harrison Hayford
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2015:
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1797:Incidental Noyes
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428:F.O. Matthiessen
399:Newberry Library
375:Pléiade Editions
330:Houghton Library
326:Merton M. Sealts
284:F.O. Matthiessen
280:Melville Society
137:Merton M. Sealts
129:Melville Revival
90:Melville Society
2144:
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2124:Herman Melville
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2060:authority page.
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532:Edited editions
529:
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506:Book collecting
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420:Hinman collator
355:
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292:
290:Textual editing
256:
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141:Wooster College
133:Walter Bezanson
98:
82:Florence, Italy
42:. He taught at
32:Herman Melville
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1958:Hayford (2003)
1950:
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1490:
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1415:
1408:978-1557285393
1407:
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1354:, p. 223.
1352:Hayford (1901)
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1170:(1): 71â86.
1167:
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1126:, retrieved
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757:
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369:, editor at
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2079:2001 deaths
2074:1916 births
1886:, pp. 41-43
1709:, pp.
1697:, pp. 78-79
380:Lee Sandlin
261:Leon Howard
117:John Holmes
113:John Ciardi
76:in 1951; a
2068:Categories
1866:quoted in
1753:Humanities
1657:, p.
1655:Parker1990
1561:, p.
1425:, p.
1050:References
925:: 366â368.
347:Billy Budd
313:Billy Budd
306:Billy Budd
248:Billy Budd
231:He edited
1164:Leviathan
1149:cite book
1128:March 29,
1058:Leviathan
496:Leviathan
471:Moby-Dick
424:Moby-Dick
274:In 1945,
265:Jay Leyda
108:in 1937.
2058:WorldCat
2020:citation
1945:20698031
1727:, Anchor
1512:20197793
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172:Sorbonne
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