58:
330:
31:
552:(golden algae), but ultrastructural data have provided evidence to classify them separately. Both molecular and morphological evidence supports their division into five orders; coccolithophores make up the Isochrysidales and Coccolithales. Very small (2-3μm) uncultured pico-prymnesiophytes are ecologically important.
1547:
Renaud SM, Zhou HC, Parry DL, Thinh LV, Woo KC (1995). "Effect of temperature on the growth, total lipid content and fatty acid composition of recently isolated tropical microalgae
Isochrysis sp., Nitzschia closterium, Nitzschia paleacea, and commercial species Isochrysis sp. (clone T.ISO)".
1655:
Reeb VC, Peglar MT, Yoon HS, Bai JR, Wu M, Shiu P, et al. (October 2009). "Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists".
1268:"Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences"
43:
3951:
1096:
855:
716:
4000:
3887:
3882:
1200:
1171:
734:
4005:
3907:
1227:
977:
875:
770:
707:
4078:
4052:
3946:
1126:
1035:
997:
968:
958:
689:
662:
184:
4083:
3995:
3902:
3466:
1236:
1087:
1006:
815:
761:
725:
206:
3892:
3820:
3804:
3721:
3711:
3677:
3504:
2984:
1162:
1153:
1076:
938:
929:
806:
788:
743:
601:
487:
4432:
3990:
3985:
3923:
3877:
3747:
3737:
3494:
2989:
1218:
1209:
1105:
1066:
947:
919:
835:
797:
779:
752:
671:
595:
195:
164:
129:
1345:"Cold stress stimulates intracellular calcification by the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae) under phosphate-deficient conditions"
5011:
4089:
3757:
1180:
1116:
1015:
826:
698:
396:, but the structure of the rest of the cell is different, so it may be that they are a separate line whose chloroplasts are derived from similar
212:
169:
3752:
3742:
3716:
2847:
1144:
988:
846:
174:
5037:
4034:
3625:
1135:
890:
613:
577:
4985:
5024:
4138:
321:
of this group has become much better understood in recent years, there remains some dispute over which rank is most appropriate.
1610:
Medlin LK (1997). "Phylogenetic relationships of the 'golden algae' (Haptophytes, heterokont chromophytes) and their plastids".
1456:
1632:
1325:
5029:
1400:
1795:
3085:
1638:
5096:
3122:
1829:
5042:
3117:
1824:
448:, which make up 673 of the 762 described haptophyte species, and have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called
3201:
3191:
3174:
1908:
1898:
1881:
4131:
1344:
1583:
Kato M, Sakai M, Adachi K, Ikemoto H, Sano H (1996). "Distribution of betaine lipids in marine algae".
511:
57:
5101:
5052:
4275:
5124:
4360:
3206:
1913:
1788:
5078:
4912:
4124:
3078:
5134:
5073:
4588:
4238:
3169:
1876:
1490:"Targeted metagenomics and ecology of globally important uncultured eukaryotic phytoplankton"
373:
5088:
5065:
1488:
Cuvelier ML, Allen AE, Monier A, McCrow JP, Messié M, Tringe SG, et al. (August 2010).
5129:
4959:
4950:
4253:
1703:
1692:"Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks"
1501:
543:
523:
515:
5016:
1421:
Andersen RA (October 2004). "Biology and systematics of heterokont and haptophyte algae".
8:
3337:
2691:
2475:
4116:
1707:
1505:
908:
4583:
4265:
3186:
3164:
3152:
3127:
2701:
1893:
1871:
1859:
1834:
1781:
1726:
1691:
1565:
1524:
1489:
1382:
1307:
1294:
1267:
223:
52:
5060:
4375:
4062:
4057:
3476:
3196:
3159:
3147:
3137:
3071:
3035:
2961:
2942:
2652:
2235:
1903:
1866:
1854:
1844:
1750:
1731:
1672:
1628:
1596:
1569:
1529:
1438:
1374:
1299:
1054:
1044:
369:
157:
1386:
1311:
456:, especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils, forming
4651:
4530:
4422:
4365:
4305:
4300:
4228:
4213:
4044:
4028:
3865:
3762:
3532:
3514:
3461:
3456:
3319:
3270:
3111:
3007:
2953:
2707:
2153:
1818:
1721:
1711:
1664:
1620:
1592:
1557:
1519:
1509:
1464:
1430:
1364:
1356:
1332:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1289:
1279:
1026:
680:
653:
519:
462:
200:
148:
2639:
482:, blooms of which can produce unpleasant foam which often accumulates on beaches.
413:, which is superficially similar to a flagellum but differs in the arrangement of
4824:
4729:
4691:
4646:
4578:
4335:
4295:
4280:
4173:
4023:
3897:
3524:
3499:
3486:
3448:
3363:
3346:
3311:
2880:
2055:
1624:
899:
445:
354:
346:
311:
38:
1668:
4884:
4829:
4819:
4661:
4475:
4427:
4340:
4315:
4310:
4290:
4285:
4188:
4178:
4015:
3834:
3695:
3656:
3509:
3407:
3355:
3142:
2976:
2966:
2930:
2905:
2594:
2385:
2286:
2208:
2017:
1849:
1696:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1494:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
881:
622:
563:
418:
314:
179:
136:
82:
1360:
1284:
5118:
4935:
4608:
4593:
4555:
4480:
4416:
4402:
4350:
4345:
4259:
4248:
4243:
4223:
4218:
4193:
3977:
3956:
3439:
3399:
3243:
3012:
2811:
2803:
2633:
2554:
2494:
2405:
2379:
2108:
1191:
864:
549:
453:
429:
342:
318:
189:
1716:
1514:
4804:
4799:
4774:
4749:
4739:
4666:
4535:
4409:
4370:
4355:
4330:
4325:
4270:
4203:
3789:
3390:
3045:
2872:
2852:
2792:
2696:
2669:
2616:
2574:
2541:
2316:
2094:
2033:
1773:
1755:, World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway
1735:
1676:
1533:
1442:
1434:
1378:
1303:
586:
531:
350:
124:
4998:
4944:
4859:
4834:
4779:
4754:
4676:
4671:
4636:
4626:
4320:
4233:
3851:
3665:
3587:
3425:
3381:
3231:
2936:
2862:
2714:
2678:
2658:
2606:
2580:
2470:
2418:
2391:
2373:
2346:
2113:
1982:
1971:
1611:
640:
556:
499:
478:
473:
414:
389:
329:
30:
4892:
4854:
4784:
4764:
4759:
4744:
4714:
4686:
4641:
4631:
4603:
4598:
4540:
4515:
4208:
4183:
3843:
3780:
3471:
3417:
3017:
2841:
2832:
2817:
2685:
2622:
2481:
2442:
2437:
2323:
2135:
2047:
1561:
1369:
631:
493:
468:
393:
287:
141:
3063:
310:
are sometimes used instead. This ending implies classification at the
5003:
4972:
4809:
4789:
4681:
4560:
4495:
4485:
4470:
4465:
4446:
4198:
3687:
3284:
3222:
3094:
2916:
2857:
2565:
2530:
2488:
2465:
2447:
2334:
2270:
2145:
2022:
1965:
1952:
1804:
449:
409:
404:
397:
381:
334:
69:
4906:
4977:
4929:
4864:
4844:
4839:
4814:
4794:
4769:
4734:
4724:
4719:
4550:
4525:
4505:
4165:
3647:
3302:
3293:
3181:
3098:
2923:
2885:
2786:
2763:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2227:
2102:
1977:
1960:
1938:
1888:
1619:. Plant Systematics and Evolution. Vol. 11. pp. 187–219.
377:
365:
338:
92:
4990:
4869:
4849:
4545:
4520:
4510:
4500:
4456:
4393:
3558:
3039:
2774:
2611:
2457:
2364:
2353:
2217:
2123:
2079:
1987:
361:
357:
4709:
4701:
4570:
2632:
2429:
2159:
2061:
2003:
507:
503:
433:
4964:
4618:
4490:
2999:
457:
296:
292:
240:
152:
407:, both of which are smooth, and a unique organelle called a
4656:
4148:
2256:
485:
Haptophytes are economically important, as species such as
1342:
4146:
1487:
765:
Jordan & Young 1990 emend
Andruleit & Young 2010
460:
deposits. Other planktonic haptophytes of note include
452:. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine
1690:
Parfrey LW, Lahr DJ, Knoll AH, Katz LA (August 2011).
1582:
1318:
1689:
1546:
894:
Hay & Mohler 1967 emend. Young & Bown, 1997
555:Haptophytes was discussed to be closely related to
1654:
1343:Satoh M, Iwamoto K, Suzuki I, Shiraiwa Y (2009).
5116:
4433:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
2952:
850:Papenfuss 1955 emend. Edvardsen and Eikrem 2000
548:The haptophytes were first placed in the class
3345:
3310:
1265:
403:The cells typically have two slightly unequal
4132:
3354:
3079:
1789:
1803:
1683:
1648:
3939:
3618:
2668:
1336:
912:Jerkovic 1970 emend. Young & Bown, 1997
657:Christensen 1962 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1996
376:, 12-chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum, 13-
4139:
4125:
3664:
3611:
3263:
3086:
3072:
1796:
1782:
1483:
1481:
29:
3842:
3580:
2046:
1725:
1715:
1523:
1513:
1368:
1293:
1283:
417:and in its use. The name comes from the
3573:
1951:
1420:
1222:Poche 1913 emend. Young & Bown, 1997
1030:Ostenfeld 1899 emend. Young et al., 2003
392:are pigmented similarly to those of the
328:
317:rather than as a division. Although the
4164:
3301:
3093:
1936:
1478:
747:Norris 1965 emend Young & Bown 2014
562:Haptophytes are closely related to the
510:larvae. They contain a large amount of
472:, which periodically form toxic marine
5117:
4392:
3054:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
1609:
1122:(non-imbricating or radial placolith)
964:(protolith; non-imbrication murolith)
4911:
4910:
4120:
3067:
1777:
1748:
1657:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1259:
1050:(caneolith & cyrtolith; murolith)
5053:d5aef5f4-3abd-4a21-b537-74f14b96a0c5
1613:Origins of Algae and their Plastids
859:Edvardsen, Eikrem & Medlin 2011
13:
711:Forchheimer 1972 emend Varol, 1992
324:
14:
5146:
1769:
925:(loxolith; imbricating murolith)
537:
1644:from the original on 2012-03-17.
254:Christensen, 1962 ex Silva, 1980
56:
1742:
1603:
1266:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017).
444:The best-known haptophytes are
439:
2533:
2529:
2289:
2285:
1576:
1540:
1449:
1414:
1393:
617:(Margulis & Schwartz 1998)
1:
1253:
245:Casper, 1972 ex Hibberd, 1976
1625:10.1007/978-3-7091-6542-3_11
1597:10.1016/0031-9422(96)00115-X
1550:Journal of Applied Phycology
1080:Rood, Hay & Barnard 1971
981:Black 1968 emend. Black 1973
933:Rood, Hay & Barnard 1973
923:Rood, Hay & Barnard 1971
7:
1669:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012
868:Conrad 1926 ex Schmidt 1931
530:contains betain lipids and
512:polyunsaturated fatty acids
273:, classified either as the
10:
5151:
1423:American Journal of Botany
1231:Fresnel & Billard 1991
541:
4919:
4882:
4700:
4617:
4569:
4454:
4445:
4388:
4160:
4156:
4151:phyla/divisions by domain
4071:
4043:
4014:
3976:
3969:
3932:
3916:
3873:
3864:
3833:
3813:
3797:
3788:
3779:
3730:
3704:
3686:
3673:
3655:
3646:
3604:
3566:
3557:
3523:
3485:
3447:
3438:
3416:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3336:
3292:
3283:
3256:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3105:
3030:
2998:
2975:
2902:
2871:
2831:
2802:
2782:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2602:
2593:
2564:
2549:
2540:
2527:
2523:
2456:
2428:
2413:
2404:
2363:
2342:
2333:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2249:
2226:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2144:
2131:
2122:
2089:
2076:
2042:
2031:
2013:
2000:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1812:
1361:10.1007/s10126-008-9147-0
1285:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3
229:
222:
121:
116:
53:Scientific classification
51:
37:
28:
23:
2259:
2255:
1184:Bown & Rutledge 1997
1072:(imbricating placolith)
234:Green & Jordan, 1994
4361:Thermodesulfobacteriota
1717:10.1073/pnas.1110633108
1515:10.1073/pnas.1001665107
1109:Bown & Hampton 1997
1091:Bown & Hampton 1997
569:Subphylum Haptophytina
498:are widely used in the
1435:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1508
1401:"ITIS Standard Report"
1330:NCBI taxonomy database
544:Wikispecies:Haptophyta
385:
5074:Paleobiology Database
4589:Neocallimastigomycota
1213:Young & Bown 1997
1019:Hay & Mohler 1967
992:Young & Bown 1997
962:Bown & Young 1997
819:Hay & Mohler 1967
801:Hay & Mohler 1967
666:Kristan-Tollmann 1988
542:Further information:
428:, round thread. The
374:endoplasmic reticulum
332:
117:Classes & orders
44:Coccolithus pelagicus
4254:Coprothermobacterota
3952:Chrysochromulinaceae
1349:Marine Biotechnology
1130:Wind & Wise 1977
1097:Arkhangelskiellaceae
856:Chrysochromulinaceae
717:Lithostromationaceae
524:alpha-linolenic acid
516:docosahexaenoic acid
111:Cavalier-Smith, 2015
4001:Reticulosphaeraceae
3888:Calyptrosphaeraceae
3883:Braarudosphaeraceae
3338:Katablepharidophyta
2931:Gunflint microbiota
2692:Klebsormidiophyceae
2476:Hyphochytriomycetes
1708:2011PNAS..10813624P
1506:2010PNAS..10714679C
1204:Cavalier-Smith 1996
1201:Reticulosphaeraceae
1172:Prediscosphaeraceae
735:Braarudosphaeraceae
626:Cavalier-Smith 1986
590:Cavalier-Smith 2015
571:Cavalier-Smith 2015
4584:Blastocladiomycota
4006:Pleurochrysidaceae
3970:Calcihaptophycidae
3908:Umbellosphaeraceae
2702:Coleochaetophyceae
2082:
2078:
2006:
2002:
1562:10.1007/BF00003948
1228:Pleurochrysidaceae
978:Stephanolithiaceae
876:Calcihaptophycidae
774:Young et al., 2003
771:Umbellosphaeraceae
756:Young et al., 2003
708:Polycyclolithaceae
386:
5112:
5111:
5061:Open Tree of Life
4913:Taxon identifiers
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4878:
4877:
4441:
4440:
4384:
4383:
4376:Verrucomicrobiota
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4079:Helicosphaeraceae
4063:Syracosphaeraceae
4058:Rhabdosphaeraceae
4053:Calciosoleniaceae
3965:
3964:
3947:Chrysoculteraceae
3933:Prymnesiophycidae
3860:
3859:
3829:
3828:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3477:Pleuromastigaceae
3434:
3433:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3279:
3278:
3252:
3251:
3061:
3060:
3026:
3025:
2962:Spironematellidae
2943:Meteora sporadica
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2827:
2826:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2653:Prasinodermophyta
2589:
2588:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2400:
2399:
2236:Centroplasthelida
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2072:
2071:
1996:
1995:
1749:Guiry MD (2016),
1634:978-3-211-83035-2
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1175:Rood et al., 1971
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1127:Axopodorhabdaceae
1121:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1081:
1071:
1059:
1055:Rhabdosphaeraceae
1049:
1045:Syracosphaeraceae
1040:
1036:Calciosoleniaceae
1031:
1020:
1011:
1002:
998:Helicosphaeraceae
993:
982:
973:
969:Parhabdolithaceae
963:
959:Stephanolithiales
952:
943:
934:
924:
913:
904:
895:
886:
869:
860:
851:
840:
831:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
690:Microrhabdulaceae
685:
676:
667:
663:Eoconusphaeraceae
658:
645:
636:
627:
618:
591:
582:
572:
528:Tisochrysis lutea
502:industry to feed
267:
266:
261:
255:
246:
238:Prymnesiophyceae
235:
185:Stephanolithiales
158:Coccolithophyceae
112:
5142:
5105:
5104:
5092:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5069:
5068:
5056:
5055:
5046:
5045:
5033:
5032:
5020:
5019:
5007:
5006:
4994:
4993:
4981:
4980:
4968:
4967:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4908:
4907:
4652:Anthocerotophyta
4531:Hemimastigophora
4452:
4451:
4423:Nitrososphaerota
4390:
4389:
4366:Thermomicrobiota
4306:Kiritimatiellota
4301:Ignavibacteriota
4266:Deferribacterota
4229:Campylobacterota
4214:Bdellovibrionota
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4084:Pontosphaeraceae
4045:Syracosphaerales
4029:Noelaerhabdaceae
3996:Hymenomonadaceae
3974:
3973:
3937:
3936:
3903:Papposphaeraceae
3898:coccolithophores
3871:
3870:
3866:Prymnesiophyceae
3840:
3839:
3795:
3794:
3786:
3785:
3763:Raphidiophryidae
3671:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3616:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3578:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3533:Tetragonidiaceae
3515:Pyrenomonadaceae
3467:Cyathomonadaceae
3462:Cryptomonadaceae
3457:Butschliellaceae
3445:
3444:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3320:Palpitomonadidae
3308:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3271:Microheliellidae
3261:
3260:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3134:
3114:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3008:Collodictyonidae
2954:Hemimastigophora
2950:
2949:
2909:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2708:Zygnematophyceae
2666:
2665:
2646:
2630:
2629:
2600:
2599:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2411:
2410:
2340:
2339:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2154:Choanoflagellata
2129:
2128:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2011:
2010:
2007:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1841:
1821:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1500:(33): 14679–84.
1485:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1463:. Archived from
1453:
1447:
1446:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1372:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1297:
1287:
1263:
1239:
1237:Hymenomonadaceae
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1119:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1088:Arkhangelskiales
1079:
1069:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1027:Syracosphaerales
1018:
1009:
1007:Pontosphaeraceae
1000:
991:
980:
971:
961:
950:
941:
932:
922:
911:
909:Noëlaerhabdaceae
902:
893:
884:
867:
858:
849:
838:
829:
818:
816:Fasciculithaceae
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
762:Papposphaeraceae
755:
746:
737:
728:
726:Rhomboasteraceae
719:
710:
701:
692:
683:
681:Lapideacassaceae
674:
665:
656:
654:Prymnesiophyceae
643:
634:
625:
616:
589:
580:
570:
520:stearidonic acid
463:Chrysochromulina
446:coccolithophores
308:Prymnesiophyceae
259:
253:
244:
233:
207:Arkhangelskiales
201:Syracosphaerales
149:Prymnesiophyceae
106:
61:
60:
33:
21:
20:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5100:
5095:
5087:
5085:
5077:
5072:
5064:
5059:
5051:
5049:
5041:
5036:
5028:
5023:
5015:
5010:
5002:
4997:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4971:
4963:
4958:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4915:
4905:
4896:
4874:
4825:Gnathostomulida
4730:Xenacoelomorpha
4696:
4692:Flowering plant
4647:Marchantiophyta
4613:
4579:Chytridiomycota
4565:
4437:
4380:
4336:Planctomycetota
4296:Gemmatimonadota
4281:Elusimicrobiota
4174:Acidobacteriota
4152:
4145:
4115:
4094:
4067:
4039:
4024:Isochrysidaceae
4010:
3961:
3928:
3912:
3893:Ceratolithaceae
3856:
3825:
3821:Rappemonadaceae
3809:
3805:Pavlomulinaceae
3767:
3726:
3722:Raphidocystidae
3712:Acanthocystidae
3700:
3682:
3678:Spiculophryidae
3630:
3592:
3537:
3525:Tetragonidiales
3519:
3505:Falcomonadaceae
3500:Chroomonadaceae
3487:Pyrenomonadales
3481:
3449:Cryptomonadales
3430:
3412:
3368:
3364:Katablepharidae
3347:Katablepharidea
3324:
3312:Palpitomonadida
3275:
3257:Microheliellida
3248:
3217:
3216:
3132:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3062:
3057:
3022:
2994:
2985:Ancyromonadidae
2971:
2948:
2903:
2890:
2881:Malawimonadidae
2867:
2823:
2798:
2762:
2721:
2664:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2585:
2560:
2528:
2499:
2452:
2424:
2396:
2359:
2329:
2284:
2275:
2254:
2245:
2222:
2207:
2166:
2140:
2118:
2077:
2068:
2032:
2027:
2001:
1992:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1839:
1817:
1808:
1802:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1702:(33): 13624–9.
1688:
1684:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1581:
1577:
1545:
1541:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1429:(10): 1508–22.
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1163:Mazaganellaceae
1157:Thierstein 1973
1154:Cretarhabdaceae
1077:Watznaueriaceae
1010:Lemmermann 1908
939:Eiffellithaceae
930:Chiastozygaceae
900:Isochrysidaceae
807:Sphenolithaceae
789:Discoasteraceae
744:Ceratolithaceae
602:Rappemonadaceae
581:Kim et al. 2011
546:
540:
488:Pavlova lutheri
442:
400:endosymbionts.
355:chrysolaminarin
347:Golgi apparatus
333:Cell scheme. 1-
327:
325:Characteristics
232:Prymnesiophyta
105:
55:
39:Coccolithophore
17:
12:
11:
5:
5148:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Algal taxonomy
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5093:
5083:
5070:
5057:
5047:
5034:
5021:
5008:
4995:
4982:
4969:
4956:
4941:
4925:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4888:
4885:Incertae sedis
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4830:Micrognathozoa
4827:
4822:
4820:Acanthocephala
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:Lycopodiophyta
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4476:Ancyromonadida
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4428:Thermoproteota
4425:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4396:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:Pseudomonadota
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4316:Mycoplasmatota
4313:
4311:Lentisphaerota
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4291:Fusobacteriota
4288:
4286:Fibrobacterota
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:Armatimonadota
4186:
4181:
4179:Actinomycetota
4176:
4170:
4168:
4154:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4121:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4016:Isochrysidales
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3991:Coccolithaceae
3988:
3986:Calcidiscaceae
3982:
3980:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3924:Phaeocystaceae
3920:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Alisphaeraceae
3874:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3837:
3835:Pavlovophyceae
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3814:Rappemonadales
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3798:Pavlomulinales
3792:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:Heterophryidae
3745:
3740:
3738:Choanocystidae
3734:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3705:Acanthocystida
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3696:Yogsothothidae
3692:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3659:
3657:Centroheliozoa
3650:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3588:Ancoracystidae
3584:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3510:Geminigeraceae
3507:
3502:
3497:
3495:Baffinellaceae
3491:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3408:Goniomonadidae
3404:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3356:Katablepharida
3349:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:Mesomycetozoea
3204:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3143:Diaphoretickes
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3042:
3038:excluded from
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2990:Planomonadidae
2987:
2981:
2979:
2977:Ancyromonadida
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2967:Paramastigidae
2964:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2919:
2912:
2910:
2906:Incertae sedis
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2768:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2595:Archaeplastida
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2544:
2535:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2386:Dinoflagellata
2382:
2380:Chrompodellida
2377:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2209:Diaphoretickes
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:Mesomycetozoea
1911:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1850:Diaphoretickes
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:classification
1801:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1770:External links
1768:
1766:
1765:
1741:
1682:
1647:
1633:
1602:
1585:Phytochemistry
1575:
1556:(6): 595–602.
1539:
1477:
1448:
1413:
1392:
1335:
1317:
1278:(1): 297–357.
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1219:Coccolithaceae
1215:
1210:Calcidiscaceae
1206:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:Kamptneriaceae
1102:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1067:Watznaueriales
1063:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1012:
1003:
985:
984:
983:
974:
955:
954:
953:
948:Rhagodiscaceae
944:
942:Reinhardt 1965
935:
920:Eiffellithales
916:
915:
914:
905:
896:
882:Isochrysidales
872:
871:
870:
861:
843:
842:
841:
839:Lagerheim 1896
836:Phaeocystaceae
823:
822:
821:
812:
810:Deflandre 1952
803:
798:Heliolithaceae
794:
780:Discoasterales
776:
767:
758:
753:Alisphaeraceae
749:
740:
738:Deflandre 1947
731:
722:
720:Deflandre 1959
713:
704:
702:Deflandre 1959
695:
693:Deflandre 1963
686:
677:
675:Deflandre 1957
672:Goniolithaceae
668:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
623:Pavlovophyceae
610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
605:
604:
596:Rappemonadales
539:
538:Classification
536:
441:
438:
353:, 6-scales, 7-
326:
323:
283:Prymnesiophyta
265:
264:
263:
262:
256:
247:
236:
227:
226:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
209:
203:
198:
196:Eiffellithales
192:
187:
182:
180:Isochrysidales
177:
172:
167:
165:Discoasterales
146:
145:
144:
137:Pavlovophyceae
134:
133:
132:
130:Pavlomulinales
119:
118:
114:
113:
107:Hibberd, 1976
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
83:Diaphoretickes
80:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5147:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4909:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4609:Basidiomycota
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Glomeromycota
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4556:Stramenopiles
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:Apusomonadida
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4417:Nanoarchaeota
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4403:Euryarchaeota
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Spirochaetota
4349:
4347:
4346:Rhodothermota
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Dictyoglomota
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:Cyanobacteria
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Chrysiogenota
4247:
4245:
4244:Chloroflexota
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:Calditrichota
4222:
4220:
4219:Caldisericota
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Atribacterota
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4091:
4090:Zygodiscaceae
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3978:Coccolithales
3975:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3957:Prymnesiaceae
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:Phaeocystales
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Pterocystidae
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3440:Cryptophyceae
3437:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3400:Goniomonadida
3397:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3244:Tetraheliidae
3242:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:Stramenopiles
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3133:(major groups
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:¹traditional
3033:
3032:
3029:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:Mantamonadida
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:Heterolobosea
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2804:Discicristata
2801:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2634:Viridiplantae
2631:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2555:Microheliella
2552:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2496:
2495:Actinophryida
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Stramenopiles
2403:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Ichthyosporea
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:Rotosphaerida
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Apusomonadida
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Stramenopiles
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1840:(major groups
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:(1): 202–11.
1662:
1658:
1651:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1591:(5): 1341–5.
1590:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1467:on 2021-02-18
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:(3): 327–33.
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:Schwartz 1932
1193:
1192:Coccolithales
1189:
1182:
1181:Tubodiscaceae
1178:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:Podorhabdales
1114:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1058:Haeckel, 1894
1056:
1052:
1048:Lohmann, 1902
1046:
1042:
1039:Kamptner 1927
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1016:Zygodiscaceae
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
994:
990:
986:
979:
975:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
949:
945:
940:
936:
931:
927:
926:
921:
917:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
887:
883:
879:
878:
877:
873:
866:
865:Prymnesiaceae
862:
857:
853:
852:
848:
844:
837:
833:
832:
828:
827:Phaeocystales
824:
817:
813:
808:
804:
799:
795:
790:
786:
785:
781:
777:
772:
768:
763:
759:
754:
750:
745:
741:
736:
732:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
700:
699:Nannoconaceae
696:
691:
687:
682:
678:
673:
669:
664:
660:
659:
655:
651:
642:
638:
637:
633:
629:
628:
624:
620:
619:
615:
611:
603:
599:
598:
597:
593:
592:
588:
584:
583:
579:
575:
574:
573:
567:
565:
560:
558:
553:
551:
550:Chrysophyceae
545:
535:
533:
532:phospholipids
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
495:
490:
489:
483:
481:
480:
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
455:
454:phytoplankton
451:
447:
437:
435:
432:have tubular
431:
427:
424:, touch, and
423:
420:
416:
412:
411:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:mitochondrion
340:
336:
331:
322:
320:
319:phylogenetics
316:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
260:Hibberd, 1976
257:
252:
249:Haptophyceae
248:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
228:
225:
221:
214:
213:Podorhabdales
210:
208:
204:
202:
199:
197:
193:
191:
190:Coccolithales
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
170:Phaeocystales
168:
166:
162:
161:
159:
155:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
120:
115:
110:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
16:Type of algae
5135:Bikont phyla
4920:
4891:
4883:
4805:Orthonectida
4800:Gastrotricha
4775:Nematomorpha
4750:Chaetognatha
4740:Hemichordate
4667:Pteridophyta
4536:Malawimonada
4410:Korarchaeota
4371:Thermotogota
4356:Synergistota
4331:Nitrospirota
4326:Nitrospinota
4271:Deinococcota
4204:Bacteroidota
4072:Zygodiscales
3940:Prymnesiales
3790:Rappephyceae
3753:Oxnerellidae
3743:Clypiferidae
3731:Pterocystida
3717:Marophryidae
3619:Nibbleridida
3391:Goniomonadea
3294:Palpitophyta
3223:Cryptobionta
3192:Opisthokonta
3051:
3046:paraphyletic
2941:
2922:
2904:
2873:Malawimonada
2853:Anaeromonada
2848:Anaeramoebae
2840:
2816:
2793:Tsukubamonas
2791:
2713:
2706:
2697:Charophyceae
2684:
2677:
2670:Streptophyta
2657:
2641:
2621:
2617:Rhodelphidia
2575:Palpitomonas
2573:
2553:
2542:Pancryptista
2487:
2480:
2417:
2384:
2372:
2352:
2322:
2317:Foraminifera
2315:
2240:
2158:
2101:
2095:Tunicaraptor
2093:
2060:
2034:Opisthokonta
1970:
1899:Opisthokonta
1757:, retrieved
1751:
1744:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1612:
1605:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1497:
1493:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1460:
1457:"Haptophyta"
1451:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1395:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1329:
1326:"Haptophyta"
1320:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1145:Calyculaceae
989:Zygodiscales
885:Pascher 1910
847:Prymnesiales
587:Rappephyceae
568:
561:
557:cryptomonads
554:
547:
527:
492:
486:
484:
477:
474:algal blooms
467:
461:
443:
440:Significance
430:mitochondria
425:
421:
415:microtubules
408:
402:
390:chloroplasts
387:
307:
304:Haptophyceae
303:
301:
286:
282:
279:Haptophytina
278:
274:
270:
268:
250:
239:
175:Prymnesiales
151:
125:Rappephyceae
108:
103:Haptophytina
102:
76:
42:
24:Haptophytes
18:
5130:Haptophytes
4999:iNaturalist
4945:Wikispecies
4860:Brachiopoda
4835:Cycliophora
4780:Onychophora
4755:Kinorhyncha
4677:Ginkgophyta
4672:Cycadophyta
4637:Chlorophyta
4627:Glaucophyta
4321:Myxococcota
4239:Chlorobiota
4234:Chlamydiota
4035:Prinsiaceae
3852:Pavlovaceae
3666:Centrohelea
3626:Nibbleridae
3612:Nibbleridea
3605:Nibbleridia
3426:Hemiarmidae
3382:Cryptophyta
3264:Microhelida
3232:Axomonadida
2937:Chitinozoan
2863:Parabasalia
2715:Embryophyta
2679:Chlorokybus
2659:Chlorophyta
2607:Glaucophyta
2581:Cryptophyta
2471:Pirsoniales
2438:Bicosoecida
2419:Platysulcus
2392:Perkinsozoa
2374:Apicomplexa
2347:Colponemida
2114:Pluriformea
1983:Archamoebea
1972:Eumycetozoa
1370:2241/104412
1272:Protoplasma
1139:Black, 1971
1136:Biscutaceae
1060:(planolith)
891:Prinsiaceae
830:Medlin 2000
684:Black, 1971
641:Pavlovaceae
614:Haptomonada
578:Rappemonada
500:aquaculture
479:Phaeocystis
394:heterokonts
285:(named for
271:haptophytes
258:Haptophyta
99:Subphylum:
5119:Categories
4951:Haptophyta
4921:Haptophyta
4893:Parakaryon
4855:Entoprocta
4790:Arthropoda
4785:Tardigrada
4765:Priapulida
4760:Loricifera
4745:Echinoderm
4715:Ctenophora
4687:Gnetophyta
4642:Charophyta
4632:Rhodophyta
4604:Ascomycota
4599:Zygomycota
4541:Metamonada
4516:Euglenozoa
4501:Ciliophora
4209:Balneolota
4184:Aquificota
3844:Pavlovales
3781:Haptophyta
3581:Nebulidida
3472:Hilleaceae
3418:Hemiarmida
3018:Rigifilida
2917:Acritarchs
2842:Barthelona
2833:Metamonada
2818:Euglenozoa
2686:Mesostigma
2642:sensu lato
2623:Rhodophyta
2482:Ochrophyta
2443:Placidozoa
2354:Ciliophora
2324:Radiolaria
2241:Haptophyta
2136:Filasterea
2048:Holomycota
1759:25 October
1471:2019-10-27
1254:References
1100:Bukry 1969
1001:Black 1971
903:Parke 1949
729:Bown, 2005
644:Green 1976
635:Green 1976
632:Pavlovales
494:Isochrysis
469:Prymnesium
450:coccoliths
382:thylakoids
302:The names
288:Prymnesium
275:Haptophyta
142:Pavlovales
109:stat. nov.
4810:Dicyemida
4682:Pinophyta
4561:Telonemia
4496:Cryptista
4486:Breviatea
4471:Amoebozoa
4466:Alveolata
4447:Eukaryote
4199:Bacillota
3688:Chthonida
3574:Nebulidea
3567:Nebulidia
3285:Cryptista
3187:Amoebozoa
3165:Alveolata
3153:Cryptista
3128:Eukaryota
3095:Eukaryota
2858:Fornicata
2764:Excavates
2566:Cryptista
2489:Oomycetes
2466:Developea
2448:Sagenista
2335:Alveolata
2271:Telonemia
2146:Choanozoa
2023:Breviatea
1966:Tubulinea
1953:Amoebozoa
1894:Amoebozoa
1872:Alveolata
1860:Cryptista
1835:Eukaryota
1805:Eukaryote
1752:AlgaeBase
1570:206766536
1461:Algaebase
1240:Senn 1900
1166:Bown 1987
1148:Noel 1973
1120:Rood 1971
1070:Bown 1987
972:Bown 1987
874:Subclass
410:haptonema
398:red algal
366:ribosomes
335:haptonema
291:), are a
70:Eukaryota
4930:Wikidata
4870:Annelida
4865:Mollusca
4845:Phoronid
4840:Nemertea
4815:Rotifera
4795:Flatworm
4770:Nematoda
4735:Chordate
4725:Cnidaria
4720:Placozoa
4551:Rhizaria
4526:Haptista
4506:Cercozoa
4166:Bacteria
3648:Haptista
3303:Palpitea
3182:Amorphea
3160:Rhizaria
3148:Hacrobia
3138:Excavata
3123:Bacteria
3099:Hacrobia
3040:protists
3036:kingdoms
2924:Grypania
2886:Imasidae
2787:Jakobida
2311:Endomyxa
2306:Cercozoa
2298:Rhizaria
2228:Haptista
2160:Animalia
2103:Bicellum
1978:Variosea
1961:Discosea
1939:Amorphea
1889:Amorphea
1867:Rhizaria
1855:Hacrobia
1845:Excavata
1830:Bacteria
1736:21810989
1677:19398025
1639:Archived
1534:20668244
1443:21652306
1387:18014503
1379:18830665
1312:19939172
1304:28875267
1179:Family †
1170:Family †
1161:Family †
1152:Family †
1143:Family †
1134:Family †
1125:Family †
1104:Family †
1095:Family †
1075:Family †
1014:Family †
976:Family †
951:Hay 1977
946:Family †
937:Family †
928:Family †
889:Family †
814:Family †
805:Family †
796:Family †
792:Tan 1927
787:Family †
783:Hay 1977
724:Family †
715:Family †
706:Family †
697:Family †
688:Family †
679:Family †
670:Family †
661:Family †
514:such as
405:flagella
378:pyrenoid
339:flagella
224:Synonyms
93:Haptista
89:Phylum:
66:Domain:
4936:Q500531
4850:Bryozoa
4546:Provora
4521:Jakobea
4511:Discoba
4457:Protist
4394:Archaea
4147:Extant
3559:Provora
3197:Animals
3118:Archaea
2775:Discoba
2640:Plants
2612:Picozoa
2458:Gyrista
2365:Myzozoa
2218:Provora
2124:Filozoa
2080:Holozoa
1988:Cutosea
1904:Animals
1825:Archaea
1727:3158185
1704:Bibcode
1525:2930470
1502:Bibcode
1406:19 July
1295:5756292
1235:Family
1226:Family
1217:Family
1208:Family
1199:Family
1115:Order †
1086:Order †
1065:Order †
1053:Family
1043:Family
1034:Family
1005:Family
996:Family
967:Family
918:Order †
907:Family
898:Family
863:Family
854:Family
834:Family
778:Order †
769:Family
760:Family
751:Family
742:Family
733:Family
639:Family
600:Family
566:clade.
518:(DHA),
434:cristae
362:plastid
358:vacuole
351:nucleus
5102:369190
5089:427463
5086:uBio:
5066:151014
5050:NZOR:
4978:1HAPTP
4710:Sponge
4702:Animal
3175:Plants
3112:Domain
3048:groups
2430:Bigyra
2004:Obazoa
1882:Plants
1819:Domain
1734:
1724:
1675:
1631:
1568:
1532:
1522:
1441:
1385:
1377:
1310:
1302:
1292:
1190:Order
1025:Order
987:Order
957:Order
880:Order
845:Order
825:Order
652:Class
630:Order
621:Class
612:Clade
594:Order
585:Class
576:Clade
508:shrimp
504:oyster
476:, and
422:hapsis
370:stigma
5097:WoRMS
5079:87644
5012:IRMNG
5004:51845
4619:Plant
4571:Fungi
4491:CRuMs
3202:Fungi
3000:CRuMs
2062:Fungi
1909:Fungi
1642:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1566:S2CID
1383:S2CID
1308:S2CID
458:chalk
419:Greek
380:, 14-
372:, 11-
368:, 10-
312:class
297:algae
293:clade
77:Clade
5043:2830
5038:NCBI
5030:2134
5025:ITIS
4986:GBIF
4973:EPPO
4965:3370
4657:Moss
4149:life
3052:bold
2257:TSAR
1761:2016
1732:PMID
1673:PMID
1629:ISBN
1530:PMID
1439:PMID
1408:2014
1375:PMID
1300:PMID
522:and
506:and
491:and
466:and
426:nema
388:The
364:, 9-
360:, 8-
349:, 5-
345:, 4-
341:, 3-
337:, 2-
315:rank
269:The
251:s.l.
241:s.l.
153:s.s.
5017:243
4960:EoL
2531:CAM
2287:SAR
1722:PMC
1712:doi
1700:108
1665:doi
1621:doi
1593:doi
1558:doi
1520:PMC
1510:doi
1498:107
1431:doi
1365:hdl
1357:doi
1290:PMC
1280:doi
1276:255
564:SAR
496:sp.
306:or
295:of
281:or
5121::
5099::
5076::
5063::
5040::
5027::
5014::
5001::
4991:70
4988::
4975::
4962::
4947::
4932::
3097::
1730:.
1720:.
1710:.
1698:.
1694:.
1671:.
1661:53
1659:.
1637:.
1627:.
1589:42
1587:.
1564:.
1552:.
1528:.
1518:.
1508:.
1496:.
1492:.
1480:^
1459:.
1437:.
1427:91
1425:.
1381:.
1373:.
1363:.
1353:11
1351:.
1347:.
1328:.
1306:.
1298:.
1288:.
1274:.
1270:.
559:.
534:.
526:.
436:.
299:.
277:,
160:)
156:(=
79::
47:)
4459:"
4455:"
4419:"
4415:"
4412:"
4408:"
4405:"
4401:"
4262:"
4258:"
4140:e
4133:t
4126:v
4088:†
4033:†
3209:)
3087:e
3080:t
3073:v
3044:*
2935:†
2929:†
2921:†
2915:†
2766:*
2718:¹
2645:)
2638:(
2349:*
2163:¹
2100:†
2065:¹
1916:)
1797:e
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1783:v
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1714::
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1667::
1623::
1599:.
1595::
1572:.
1560::
1554:7
1536:.
1512::
1504::
1474:.
1445:.
1433::
1410:.
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1367::
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211:†
205:†
194:†
163:†
41:(
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