532:
540:
555:. The biceps femoris is most commonly injured, followed by semitendinosus. Semimembranosus injury is rare. Imaging is useful in differentiating the grade of strain, especially if the muscle is completely torn. In this setting, the level and degree of retraction can be determined, serving as a useful roadmap prior to any surgery. Those with a hamstring strain of greater than 60mm in length have a greater risk of recurrence.
29:
460:
326:(straighten) the hip. The three 'true' hamstrings cross both the hip and the knee joint and are therefore involved in knee flexion and hip extension. The short head of the biceps femoris crosses only one joint (knee) and is therefore not involved in hip extension. With its divergent origin and innervation, it is sometimes excluded from the 'hamstring' characterization.
522:
late in the leg swing phase. The overall incidence of a hamstring injury in sports and professional dancers is about two per 1000 hours of performance. In some sports, a hamstring injury occurs at the incidence of 19% of all sports injuries, and results in an average time loss from competition of 24
812:
Kenneally‐Dabrowski, Claire J. B.; Brown, Nicholas A. T.; Lai, Adrian K. M.; Perriman, Diana; Spratford, Wayne; Serpell, Benjamin G. (2019-05-22). "Late swing or early stance? A narrative review of hamstring injury mechanisms during high‐speed running".
305:
reaches only up to the adductor tubercle of the femur, but it is included amongst the hamstrings because the tibial collateral ligament of the knee joint morphologically is the degenerated tendon of this muscle. The ligament is attached to medial
535:
Tear of the hamstrings muscles at the ischial tuberosity seen on MRI (coronal STIR). The arrowheads indicate the tuber and the retracted tendon stump. Significant bleeding around and into the muscles.
578:(ACL). The ACL is one of the four major ligaments in the knee, which also include the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
482:
The long head of the biceps femoris extends the hip, as when beginning to walk; both short and long heads flex the knee and laterally (outwardly) rotate the lower leg when the knee is bent.
242:" is derived from the Old English ham or hom meaning the hollow or bend of the knee, from a Germanic base where it meant "crooked". It gained the meaning of the leg of an animal around the
907:
Schache AG, Koulouris G, Kofoed W, Morris HG, Pandy MG (2008). "Rupture of the conjoint tendon at the proximal musculotendinous junction of the biceps femoris long head: a case report".
950:
Koulouris G, Connell DA, Brukner P, Schneider-Kolsky M (2007). "Magnetic resonance imaging parameters for assessing risk of recurrent hamstring injuries in elite athletes".
705:
Danielsson, Adam; Horvath, Alexandra; Senorski, Carl; Alentorn-Geli, Eduard; Garrett, William E.; Cugat, Ramón; Samuelsson, Kristian; Hamrin
Senorski, Eric (2020-09-29).
479:
Semitendinosus and semimembranosus extend the hip when the trunk is fixed; they also flex the knee and medially (inwardly) rotate the lower leg when the knee is bent.
1030:
652:
999:
1764:
571:
485:
The hamstrings play a crucial role in many daily activities such as walking, running, jumping, and controlling some movement in the
1866:
1023:
674:
564:
1819:
1814:
1725:
1651:
1403:
60:
44:
1646:
1408:
432:
1861:
1016:
763:
Brown, Lesley, ed. (2007). Shorter Oxford
English Dictionary II (Sixth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University press. p. 3611.
250:
refers to tendons, and thus, the hamstrings are the string-like tendons felt on either side of the back of the knee.
1694:
1465:
1689:
1460:
1720:
1556:
1245:
1776:
1754:
1551:
1195:
1186:
1480:
1447:
1438:
1303:
1280:
1119:
218:) is any one of the three posterior thigh muscles between the hip and the knee (from medial to lateral:
1824:
1781:
1582:
575:
159:
113:
996:
1561:
1293:
1223:
1208:
1162:
1157:
49:
864:
Koulouris G, Connell D (2003). "Evaluation of the hamstring muscle complex following acute injury".
1759:
1737:
1715:
1455:
1235:
1152:
1142:
510:
A common running injury in several sports, excessive stretch of a hamstring results from extensive
147:
472:
The hamstrings cross and act upon two joints – the hip and the knee – and as such they are termed
1514:
1323:
1218:
323:
122:
85:
81:
1851:
1742:
1656:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1268:
587:
1856:
1263:
1258:
1213:
1131:
519:
444:
386:
135:
634:
1504:
1499:
604:
318:
The three muscles of the posterior thigh (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
105:
8:
1809:
1624:
490:
130:
1871:
1636:
1068:
1064:
1039:
975:
932:
889:
846:
773:
741:
706:
473:
438:
409:
359:
263:
1590:
1470:
1413:
1167:
967:
924:
881:
850:
838:
830:
746:
728:
531:
936:
893:
152:
1600:
1595:
1568:
1526:
1398:
1288:
1203:
1008:
959:
916:
873:
822:
736:
718:
614:
183:
979:
1519:
1374:
1369:
1298:
1228:
1147:
1112:
1102:
1097:
1003:
609:
486:
453:
378:
302:
299:
Those muscles which fulfill all of the four criteria are called true hamstrings.
219:
1801:
1364:
1347:
1107:
1073:
723:
599:
422:
399:
354:
227:
223:
920:
877:
1845:
1546:
1509:
1352:
963:
834:
732:
415:
392:
371:
97:
1359:
1051:
971:
928:
885:
842:
750:
594:
463:
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles of the right leg
428:
281:
243:
101:
53:
1386:
997:
MRI Images demonstrating avulsion fracture of the hamstring muscle origin
796:
511:
653:"Biceps Femoris - Short Head — Musculoskeletal Radiology — UW Radiology"
949:
548:
494:
307:
288:
826:
704:
165:
1433:
1059:
1043:
515:
292:
567:
semitendinosus tendon is one of the tendons that can be used in the
1085:
811:
539:
518:, a hamstring injury may occur from excessive muscle strain during
568:
319:
118:
1793:
1612:
1335:
274:
76:
69:
799:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
1181:
365:
270:
92:
65:
28:
906:
1674:
707:"The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review"
635:"University of Glasgow - Schools - School of Life Sciences"
547:
Imaging the hamstring muscles is usually performed with an
210:
574:. In this procedure, a piece of it is used to replace the
543:
Picture of pulled hamstring showing location of hamstring.
459:
552:
239:
207:
192:
269:
Muscles should be inserted over the knee joint, in the
815:
Scandinavian
Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
198:
1038:
204:
201:
258:The common criteria of any hamstring muscles are:
195:
189:
186:
456:is sometimes considered a part of the hamstrings.
322:(bend) the knee, while all but the biceps femoris
672:
1843:
863:
310:, two millimeters from the adductor tubercle.
1024:
943:
900:
489:. In walking, they are most important as an
857:
1031:
1017:
505:
287:Muscle will participate in flexion of the
27:
740:
722:
792:
790:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
538:
530:
500:
458:
497:in the deceleration of knee extension.
1844:
807:
805:
33:Rotating view of the hamstring muscles
1404:Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
1012:
787:
689:
16:Any of the three muscles in the thigh
1409:Medial intermuscular septum of thigh
909:Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc
802:
514:while the knee is extended. During
433:lateral supracondylar line of femur
13:
441:(common tendon with the long head)
282:tibial branch of the sciatic nerve
280:Muscles will be innervated by the
14:
1883:
990:
558:
673:Mayo Clinic Staff (3 Oct 2015).
182:
1867:Posterior compartment of thigh
766:
757:
666:
645:
627:
262:Muscles should originate from
1:
774:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
711:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
620:
1591:Fibularis (peroneus) muscles
1471:Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
313:
233:
7:
1765:Flexor digiti minimi brevis
581:
467:
253:
10:
1888:
724:10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8
585:
576:anterior cruciate ligament
526:
160:Anatomical terms of muscle
1862:Muscles of the lower limb
1792:
1703:
1695:Extensor digitorum brevis
1682:
1673:
1633:
1620:
1611:
1581:
1535:
1488:
1479:
1466:Extensor digitorum longus
1446:
1432:
1383:
1343:
1334:
1279:
1244:
1194:
1180:
1128:
1093:
1084:
1050:
921:10.1007/s00167-008-0517-y
878:10.1007/s00256-003-0674-5
158:
146:
141:
129:
112:
91:
75:
59:
50:tuberosity of the ischium
43:
38:
26:
21:
1690:Extensor hallucis brevis
1461:Extensor hallucis longus
964:10.1177/0363546507301258
1721:Flexor digitorum brevis
1557:Flexor digitorum longus
506:Sports running injuries
86:profunda femoris artery
82:inferior gluteal artery
1755:Flexor hallucis brevis
1726:Abductor digiti minimi
1552:Flexor hallucis longus
588:anatomical terminology
544:
536:
464:
1132:Lateral rotator group
542:
534:
520:eccentric contraction
501:Clinical significance
462:
387:medial tibial condyle
291:and extension of the
136:Rectus femoris muscle
1120:Tensor fasciae latae
655:. Rad.washington.edu
437:lateral side of the
408:lateral side of the
176:In human anatomy, a
106:common fibular nerve
1637:Intermuscular septa
474:biarticular muscles
1782:Plantar interossei
1562:Tibialis posterior
1294:External obturator
1224:Vastus intermedius
1163:External obturator
1158:Internal obturator
1040:Muscles of the hip
1002:2020-03-27 at the
675:"Hamstring injury"
586:This article uses
572:ACL reconstruction
569:surgical procedure
545:
537:
465:
439:head of the fibula
410:head of the fibula
405:ischial tuberosity
383:ischial tuberosity
364:medial surface of
360:ischial tuberosity
264:ischial tuberosity
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1820:Superior extensor
1815:Inferior extensor
1777:Dorsal interossei
1760:Adductor hallucis
1738:Quadratus plantae
1716:Abductor hallucis
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1577:
1576:
1456:Tibialis anterior
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1414:Cribriform fascia
1236:Articularis genus
1176:
1175:
1153:Superior gemellus
1148:Inferior gemellus
1143:Quadratus femoris
827:10.1111/sms.13437
605:Lombard's paradox
452:A portion of the
450:
449:
174:
173:
169:
1879:
1743:Lumbrical muscle
1680:
1679:
1640:
1618:
1617:
1540:
1515:Accessory soleus
1493:
1486:
1485:
1444:
1443:
1399:Iliotibial tract
1390:
1341:
1340:
1219:Vastus lateralis
1192:
1191:
1136:
1091:
1090:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1009:
984:
983:
947:
941:
940:
904:
898:
897:
861:
855:
854:
821:(8): 1083–1091.
809:
800:
794:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:. Etymonline.com
770:
764:
761:
755:
754:
744:
726:
702:
687:
686:
684:
682:
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
649:
643:
642:
631:
615:Pulled hamstring
329:
328:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
166:edit on Wikidata
163:
31:
19:
18:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1788:
1699:
1661:
1634:
1629:
1607:
1573:
1536:
1531:
1520:Achilles tendon
1489:
1475:
1437:
1420:
1384:
1379:
1375:Muscular lacuna
1370:Adductor hiatus
1330:
1275:
1269:Semimembranosus
1240:
1229:Vastus medialis
1185:
1172:
1129:
1124:
1098:Gluteal muscles
1080:
1046:
1037:
1004:Wayback Machine
993:
988:
987:
952:Am J Sports Med
948:
944:
905:
901:
866:Skeletal Radiol
862:
858:
810:
803:
795:
788:
779:
777:
772:
771:
767:
762:
758:
703:
690:
680:
678:
671:
667:
658:
656:
651:
650:
646:
633:
632:
628:
623:
610:Popliteal fossa
591:
584:
561:
529:
508:
503:
470:
454:adductor magnus
445:common peroneal
414:tibial part of
391:tibial part of
379:semimembranosus
370:tibial part of
316:
303:adductor magnus
300:
256:
236:
220:semimembranosus
185:
181:
170:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1802:Plantar fascia
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Adductor canal
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1348:Femoral sheath
1344:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1264:Semitendinosus
1261:
1259:Biceps femoris
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:Rectus femoris
1206:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
992:
991:External links
989:
986:
985:
942:
915:(8): 797–802.
899:
856:
801:
786:
765:
756:
688:
665:
644:
625:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
600:Hamstring curl
597:
583:
580:
560:
559:Use in surgery
557:
528:
525:
507:
504:
502:
499:
469:
466:
448:
447:
442:
435:
426:
423:biceps femoris
419:
418:
412:
406:
403:
400:biceps femoris
396:
395:
389:
384:
381:
375:
374:
368:
362:
357:
355:semitendinosus
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
315:
312:
297:
296:
285:
278:
267:
255:
252:
235:
232:
228:biceps femoris
224:semitendinosus
172:
171:
162:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
116:
110:
109:
95:
89:
88:
79:
73:
72:
63:
57:
56:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1884:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Hip extensors
1850:
1849:
1847:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1625:Pes anserinus
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:tarsal tunnel
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Gastrocnemius
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:Triceps surae
1498:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1353:Femoral canal
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:(9): 1500–6.
957:
953:
946:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:(10): 582–9.
871:
867:
860:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
808:
806:
798:
793:
791:
775:
769:
760:
752:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
677:. Mayo clinic
676:
669:
654:
648:
640:
639:www.gla.ac.uk
636:
630:
626:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
579:
577:
573:
570:
566:
556:
554:
550:
541:
533:
524:
521:
517:
513:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
480:
477:
475:
461:
457:
455:
446:
443:
440:
436:
434:
430:
427:
425:- short head
424:
421:
420:
417:
413:
411:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:
394:
390:
388:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
373:
369:
367:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
327:
325:
321:
311:
309:
304:
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
276:
272:
268:
265:
261:
260:
259:
251:
249:
245:
241:
231:
229:
225:
221:
215:
179:
167:
161:
157:
154:
151:
149:
145:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:sciatic nerve
96:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1857:Knee flexors
1771:
1749:
1732:
1710:
1635:
1537:
1490:
1439:compartments
1385:
1360:Femoral ring
1253:
1187:compartments
1130:
1052:Iliac region
955:
951:
945:
912:
908:
902:
869:
865:
859:
818:
814:
778:. Retrieved
768:
759:
714:
710:
679:. Retrieved
668:
657:. Retrieved
647:
638:
629:
595:Hamstringing
562:
546:
509:
484:
481:
478:
471:
451:
429:linea aspera
347:
342:
337:
332:
317:
298:
257:
247:
244:15th century
237:
177:
175:
102:tibial nerve
54:linea aspera
1806:retinacula
1491:Superficial
1387:Fascia lata
1069:Psoas minor
1065:Psoas major
512:hip flexion
402:- long head
142:Identifiers
1846:Categories
1657:Transverse
1209:Quadriceps
1168:Piriformis
780:2012-11-02
717:(1): 641.
659:2012-11-02
621:References
549:ultrasound
495:quadriceps
491:antagonist
308:epicondyle
289:knee joint
273:or in the
238:The word "
153:D000070633
131:Antagonist
1872:Hamstring
1772:4th layer
1750:3rd layer
1733:2nd layer
1711:1st layer
1652:Posterior
1569:Popliteus
1527:Plantaris
1481:Posterior
1289:Pectineus
1254:Hamstring
1246:Posterior
1204:Sartorius
1060:Iliopsoas
1044:human leg
851:139106410
835:0905-7188
797:postthigh
733:1471-2474
516:sprinting
343:Insertion
314:Structure
293:hip joint
234:Etymology
178:hamstring
123:extension
121:of knee,
61:Insertion
22:Hamstring
1810:Peroneal
1647:Anterior
1448:Anterior
1304:Adductor
1299:Gracilis
1196:Anterior
1086:Buttocks
1000:Archived
972:17426283
937:23953024
929:18360748
894:23597752
886:12942206
843:31033024
751:32993700
582:See also
468:Function
254:Criteria
1704:Plantar
1583:Lateral
1324:Minimus
1113:Minimus
1103:Maximus
1074:Iliacus
742:7526261
551:and/or
527:Imaging
493:to the
487:gluteus
416:sciatic
393:sciatic
372:sciatic
119:flexion
114:Actions
39:Details
1825:Flexor
1794:Fascia
1683:Dorsal
1613:Fascia
1601:Brevis
1596:Longus
1510:Soleus
1336:Fascia
1319:Magnus
1314:Brevis
1309:Longus
1281:Medial
1108:Medius
980:174755
978:
970:
935:
927:
892:
884:
849:
841:
833:
749:
739:
731:
681:6 July
565:distal
523:days.
338:Origin
333:Muscle
324:extend
275:fibula
248:String
125:of hip
77:Artery
70:fibula
45:Origin
1182:Thigh
976:S2CID
933:S2CID
890:S2CID
847:S2CID
366:tibia
348:Nerve
271:tibia
164:[
93:Nerve
66:tibia
1675:Foot
1538:Deep
1042:and
968:PMID
925:PMID
882:PMID
839:PMID
831:ISSN
747:PMID
729:ISSN
683:2016
563:The
431:and
320:flex
301:The
226:and
148:MeSH
104:and
1434:Leg
960:doi
917:doi
874:doi
823:doi
737:PMC
719:doi
553:MRI
240:ham
230:).
1848::
974:.
966:.
956:35
954:.
931:.
923:.
913:16
911:.
888:.
880:.
870:32
868:.
845:.
837:.
829:.
819:29
817:.
804:^
789:^
745:.
735:.
727:.
715:21
713:.
709:.
691:^
637:.
476:.
246:.
222:,
84:,
68:,
52:,
1436:/
1184:/
1134::
1067:/
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
982:.
962::
939:.
919::
896:.
876::
853:.
825::
783:.
753:.
721::
685:.
662:.
641:.
590:.
295:.
284:.
277:.
266:.
214:/
211:ŋ
208:ɪ
205:r
202:t
199:s
196:m
193:æ
190:h
187:ˈ
184:/
180:(
168:]
108:)
100:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
