1528:. This could help animal diversity and decrease pollution in these waterways. However, when tested in the lab, haloarchaea have been found to be partial denitrifiers. This means that if haloarchaea are used to treat areas that are high in nitrite and nitrate, they could contribute to nitrogen contaminates and cause an increase in ozone depletion, furthering climate change. The only type of haloarchaea that has been found to reduce nitrogen pollution to atmospheric nitrogen has been Haloferax mediterranei. This shows that haloarchaea may be contributing to nitrogen pollution and isn't a suitable solution to reducing nitrate and nitrite within high salinity areas.
1306:
1474:, which normally has to be synthesized using chemicals. With haloarchaea naturally producing it, there is now a natural way to synthesize carotenoids for medical use. Haloarchaea has also been proposed to help meet the high demand of carotenoids by pharmaceutical companies due to how easy it can be grown in a lab. Genes in Haloarchaea can also be manipulated in order to produce various strands of carotenoids, further helping meet pharmaceutical companies needs.
4579:
4603:
1851:"Phylogenomic analyses and molecular signatures for the class Halobacteria and its two major clades: a proposal for division of the class Halobacteria into an emended order Halobacteriales and two new orders, Haloferacales ord. nov. and Natrialbales ord. nov., containing the novel families Haloferacaceae fam. nov. and Natrialbaceae fam. nov"
1257:, which can be reliably distinguished from each other as well as all other archaea/bacteria through molecular signatures known as conserved signature indels. These studies have also identified 68 conserved signature proteins (CSPs) whose homologs are only found in the members of these three orders and 13
1331:
Haloarchaea are found mainly in hypersaline lakes and solar salterns. Their high densities in the water often lead to pink or red colourations of the water (the cells possessing high levels of carotenoid pigments, presumably for UV protection). The pigmentation will become enhanced when oxygen levels
1368:. Retaining these salts is referred to as the “salt-in” method where the cell accumulates a high internal concentration of potassium. Because of the elevated potassium levels, haloarchaea have specialized proteins that have a highly negative surface charge to tolerate high potassium concentrations.
1461:
of water, freshwater species would have no habitat on the
Martian surface. The presence of high salt concentrations in water lowers its freezing point, in theory allowing for halophiles to exist in saltwater on Mars. Recently, haloarchaea was sent 36 km (about 22 miles) up into Earths atmosphere,
319:
The extremely halophilic, aerobic members of
Archaea are classified within the family Halobacteriaceae, order Halobacteriales in Class III. Halobacteria of the phylum Euryarchaeota (International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes, Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae). As of May
1890:
Gupta RS, Naushad S, Fabros R, Adeolu M (April 2016). "A phylogenomic reappraisal of family-level divisions within the class
Halobacteria: proposal to divide the order Halobacteriales into the families Halobacteriaceae, Haloarculaceae fam. nov., and Halococcaceae fam. nov., and the order
310:
Haloarchaea have a potential to solubilize phosphorus. Phosphorus-solubilizing halophilic archaea may well play a role in P (phosphorus) nutrition to vegetation growing in hypersaline soils. Haloarchaea may also have applications as inoculants for crops growing in hypersaline regions.
49:
1336:(38-41 million years ago). Some even older ones from more than 250 million years ago have been reported. Haloarchaea is also used to treat water that is high in salinity. This is due to its ability to withstand high nutrient levels and the heavy metals that may be present.
1356:) lower than 0.90 is inhibitory to most microbes. The number of solutes causes osmotic stress on microbes, which can cause cell lysis, unfolding of proteins and inactivation of enzymes when there is a large enough imbalance. Haloarchaea combat this by retaining
2941:
Torregrosa-Crespo J, Pire C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM, Bergaust L (January 2019). "Denitrifying haloarchaea within the genus
Haloferax display divergent respiratory phenotypes, with implications for their release of nitrogenous gases".
1509:, haloarchaea is favored due to the low cost, fast growth, and lack of need to sterilize area due to the salty environment they prefer. They are also a cleaner option for bioplastics due to them not needing chemicals for
1328:). However, Haloarchaea can grow up to saturation (about 37% salts). Optimal growth also occurs when pH is neutral or basic and temperatures at 45°C. Some haloarchaea though can grow even when temperatures exceed 50°C.
2308:
Vreeland RH, Rosenzweig WD, Lowenstein T, Satterfield C, Ventosa A (February 2006). "Fatty acid and DNA analyses of
Permian bacteria isolated from ancient salt crystals reveal differences with their modern relatives".
1430:, or able to take on a range of shapes—even within a single species. This makes identification by microscopic means difficult, and it is now more common to use gene sequencing techniques for identification instead.
1462:
within a balloon. The two types that were sent up were able to survive the freezing temperatures and high radiation levels. This only further extends the theory that halophiles could exist on Mars.
1402:, which pumps chloride ions in the cell in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of
2739:
Rodrigo-Baños M, Montero Z, Torregrosa-Crespo J, Garbayo I, VĂlchez C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM (2021). "Haloarchaea: A Promising
Biosource for Carotenoid Production". In Misawa N (ed.).
1620:
2610:
1437:". It was classified in 2004 using a very low nutrition solution to allow growth along with a high salt concentration, square in shape and extremely thin (like a
4744:
1939:
412:
1324:
which is around 35g/L salt – 3.5%) in the water to grow, and optimal growth usually occurs at much higher concentrations, typically 20–30% (3.4 - 5.2 mol/L of
1241:
Detailed phylogenetic and comparative analyses of genome sequences from members of the class
Haloarchaea has led to division of this class into three orders,
3656:
3544:
3288:
1261:(CSIs) in different proteins that are uniquely present in the members of the class Haloarchaea. These CSIs are present in the following proteins:
4718:
987:
931:
742:
571:
1520:
characteristics. If haloarchaea are complete denitrifiers, they could aid salt marsh and other salty environments by buffering these areas of
4757:
1624:
416:
1485:
due to their saltier diets. This also shows that the archaeome in the human gut can vary drastically depending on region and what is eaten.
2114:
Li J, Gao Y, Dong H, Sheng GP (February 2022). "Haloarchaea, excellent candidates for removing pollutants from hypersaline wastewater".
1732:
DasSarma S, Schwieterman EW (2018). "Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures".
1332:
are low due to an increase in a red pigmented ATP. Some of them live in underground rock salt deposits, including one from middle-late
2053:
2531:
Soppa J, Baumann A, Brenneis M, Dambeck M, Hering O, Lange C (September 2008). "Genomics and functional genomics with haloarchaea".
4692:
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234:
and are one of the largest groups. The name 'halobacteria' was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the
4099:
3234:
3205:
2756:
2453:
4736:
4463:
3281:
2002:
426:
223:
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Haloarchaea have been proposed that certain types can be used to make biodegradable plastics, which could help decrease
1394:(H) across the cellular membrane. The concentration gradient generated from this process can then be used to synthesize
2625:
3042:"The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification"
1713:
4783:
4762:
3326:
3223:
Bergey's Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
3190:
Bergey's Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria
2440:. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Vol. 61. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 117–153.
1981:
4415:
3321:
3274:
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280:
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as a carbon and energy source in catabolic processes, which is often present in high salt environments due to
4139:
3405:
3395:
3378:
1505:(PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), when exposed to certain conditions. For large scale production of these
4494:
17:
2401:
Cheftel JC (1 August 1995). "Review : High-pressure, microbial inactivation and food preservation".
1445:
of the water, permitting cell shapes that would be difficult, if not impossible, under other conditions.
1427:
2743:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1261. Singapore: Springer. pp. 165–174.
4593:
1258:
287:
of haloarchaea are purplish in color, and large blooms of haloarchaea appear reddish, from the pigment
1477:
Haloarchaea is also present within the human gut, mostly predominant in the gut of people who live in
4788:
4092:
1294:
1282:
1278:
260:
organisms, that require high salt concentrations to grow, with most species requiring more than 2.0M
1297:, protoporphyrin IX magnesium chelatase and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase-like protein.
4826:
3261:
2085:
2058:
2031:
433:
2839:
SimĂł-Cabrera L, GarcĂa-Chumillas S, Hagagy N, Saddiq A, Tag H, Selim S, et al. (March 2021).
2574:
Bryant DA, Frigaard NU (November 2006). "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated".
2251:"Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid"
1567:
Fendrihan S, Legat A, Pfaffenhuemer M, Gruber C, Weidler G, Gerbl F, Stan-Lotter H (August 2006).
4149:
3695:
3410:
1542:
1415:
3077:"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"
4816:
4657:
4619:
4489:
4410:
2352:
Stevenson A, Cray JA, Williams JP, Santos R, Sahay R, Neuenkirchen N, et al. (June 2015).
1547:
1395:
1290:
3226:
3217:
3197:
3184:
4821:
4438:
4377:
3373:
2159:"Haloarchaea Endowed with Phosphorus Solubilization Attribute Implicated in Phosphorus Cycle"
1787:"Haloarchaea Endowed with Phosphorus Solubilization Attribute Implicated in Phosphorus Cycle"
1537:
1498:
1454:
4775:
4367:
1320:
Haloarchaea require salt concentrations in excess of 2 mol/L (or about 10%, three times the
4723:
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4582:
4458:
4282:
4169:
4085:
3137:
3088:
2262:
2170:
1798:
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8:
4811:
4272:
1502:
1361:
1314:
299:, which it uses to transform light energy into chemical energy by a process unrelated to
284:
3141:
3092:
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2174:
1802:
1705:
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70:
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3028:
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2752:
2721:
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Giani M, Miralles-Robledillo JM, PeirĂł G, Pire C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM (March 2020).
2659:
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1387:
1310:
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288:
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2642:
DasSarma P, DasSarma S (June 2018). "Survival of microbes in Earth's stratosphere".
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3018:
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2913:
2903:
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2852:
2811:
2801:
2790:"The human gut archaeome: identification of diverse haloarchaea in Korean subjects"
2744:
2711:
2701:
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2503:
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3513:
3346:
3081:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2890:
Torregrosa-Crespo J, Bergaust L, Pire C, MartĂnez-Espinosa RM (February 2018).
2806:
2414:
2157:
Yadav AN, Sharma D, Gulati S, Singh S, Dey R, Pal KK, et al. (July 2015).
1785:
Yadav AN, Sharma D, Gulati S, Singh S, Dey R, Pal KK, et al. (July 2015).
1411:
1403:
1349:
1321:
1305:
1183:
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835:
502:
369:
335:
304:
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143:
105:
93:
57:
31:
3101:
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3041:
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2908:
2891:
2788:
Kim JY, Whon TW, Lim MY, Kim YB, Kim N, Kwon MS, et al. (August 2020).
2738:
2498:
2481:
1891:
Haloferacales into the families, Haloferacaceae and Halorubraceae fam nov".
1647:"On the origin of prokaryotic "species": the taxonomy of halophilic Archaea"
1569:"Extremely halophilic archaea and the issue of long-term microbial survival"
4541:
4362:
4257:
4242:
4177:
3992:
3987:
3970:
3919:
3908:
3568:
3553:
3496:
3435:
3067:
3032:
2973:
2927:
2876:
2825:
2766:
2725:
2663:
2595:
2552:
2517:
2387:
2369:
2330:
2294:
2200:
2135:
1912:
1876:
1867:
1850:
1828:
1682:
1602:
1458:
1253:
818:
387:
148:
4749:
3157:
3120:
3023:
3006:
2463:
1960:
1935:
1663:
245:
rules, should be updated. Halophilic archaea are generally referred to as
4705:
4651:
4607:
4443:
4405:
4352:
4327:
4287:
4277:
4247:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4207:
3848:
3523:
3508:
2227:
2026:
1270:
300:
203:
2838:
2249:
Jaakkola ST, Zerulla K, Guo Q, Liu Y, Ma H, Yang C, et al. (2014).
1406:
involving electron transport, however, and haloarchaea are incapable of
264:
for growth and survival. They are a distinct evolutionary branch of the
4453:
4267:
4237:
4232:
4182:
4154:
3297:
2964:
2918:
2857:
2445:
2354:"Is there a common water-activity limit for the three domains of life?"
2307:
1506:
1482:
1471:
1442:
1376:
1113:
1012:
638:
595:
4710:
2182:
1810:
320:
2016, the family Halobacteriaceae comprises 213 species in 50 genera.
4546:
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4159:
3149:
296:
273:
257:
4613:
4697:
4636:
4566:
4347:
4337:
4202:
3385:
2479:
1746:
1372:
231:
206:
2892:"Denitrifying haloarchaea: sources and sinks of nitrogenous gases"
4385:
4262:
3301:
3046:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2687:
2480:
Williams TJ, Allen M, Tschitschko B, Cavicchioli R (March 2017).
1855:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1566:
1525:
1521:
292:
265:
238:
210:
81:
323:
Gupta et al. divides the class of Halobacteria in three orders.
4322:
1414:. Early evolution of retinal proteins has been proposed as the
1391:
1333:
213:
48:
4684:
3722:
3256:
1510:
1478:
269:
220:
4602:
3181:
1481:. Haloarchaea are most abundant in Koreans guts rather than
1453:
Haloarchaea have been proposed as a kind of life that could
1398:. Many haloarchaea also possess related pigments, including
1390:
is used to absorb light, which provides energy to transport
62:
4108:
3831:
2530:
2351:
1516:
Certain types of haloarchaea have also been found to poses
261:
227:
3007:"From genomes to function: haloarchaea as model organisms"
2690:"Deciphering Pathways for Carotenogenesis in Haloarchaea"
230:. Halobacteria are now recognized as archaea rather than
1889:
1470:
Certain types of haloarchaea have been found to produce
1457:; since the Martian atmosphere has a pressure below the
1309:
Salt ponds with pink colored Haloarchaea on the edge of
4077:
3296:
1940:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
413:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
3128:
Cavalier-Smith T (1986). "The kingdoms of organisms".
2841:"Haloarchaea as Cell Factories to Produce Bioplastics"
2741:
Carotenoids: Biosynthetic and Biofunctional Approaches
2435:
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1784:
4591:
3182:
Grant WD, Kamekura M, McGenity TJ, Ventosa A (2001).
2248:
1441:). This shape is probably only permitted by the high
1433:
One of the more unusually shaped Haloarchaea is the "
3225:(2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp.
1731:
1573:
Re/Views in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
3074:
2646:. Environmental Microbiology * The New Microscopy.
1379:species that produce glycerol in large quantities.
3216:
3183:
30:"Halobacteria" redirects here. For the genus, see
1848:
1513:and have a higher recyclability of the process.
4803:
2641:
2611:"Extreme halophiles are models for astrobiology"
2475:
2473:
1695:
1644:
411:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
268:distinguished by the possession of ether-linked
1727:
1725:
3127:
3039:
2573:
2113:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
249:to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.
4093:
3839:
3282:
3075:Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (June 1990).
2787:
2683:
2681:
2470:
2073:
1700:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–13.
1696:DasSarma S, DasSarma P (2017). "Halophiles".
1625:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1339:
417:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1722:
3214:
2436:da Costa MS, Santos H, Galinski EA (1998).
1883:
1849:Gupta RS, Naushad S, Baker S (March 2015).
1835:
241:was realized, and while valid according to
4100:
4086:
3289:
3275:
2678:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
1360:such as potassium chloride (KCl) in their
47:
3110:
3100:
3057:
3022:
2963:
2917:
2907:
2866:
2856:
2815:
2805:
2715:
2705:
2618:Microbe-American Society for Microbiology
2507:
2497:
2403:Food Science and Technology International
2377:
2284:
2274:
2190:
1866:
1818:
1745:
1672:
1662:
1592:
2608:
2213:
1560:
1304:
4134:International Salt Co. v. United States
2400:
2214:DasSarma S (2007). "Extreme Microbes".
2100:
1933:
1236:
14:
4804:
1614:
1612:
1233:Note: * paraphyletic Halobacteriaceae
4618:
4617:
4081:
3270:
3252:An educational website on haloarchaea
3221:. In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.).
3218:"Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov."
3188:. In DR Boone, RW Castenholz (eds.).
3185:"Class III. Halobacteria class. nov."
3004:
2019:
1734:International Journal of Astrobiology
1300:
4464:List of countries by salt production
2482:"Glycerol metabolism of haloarchaea"
2046:
61:sp. strain NRC-1, each cell about 5
1706:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000394.pub4
1645:DasSarma P, DasSarma S (May 2008).
1609:
272:and the absence of murein in their
24:
2992:
1618:
1497:. Haloarchaea are able to produce
1421:
1265:, nucleotide sugar dehydrogenase,
25:
4838:
3245:
3040:Cavalier-Smith T (January 2002).
1488:
1426:Haloarchaea are often considered
4601:
4578:
4577:
1371:Haloarchaea have adapted to use
4416:Salt and cardiovascular disease
2934:
2883:
2832:
2781:
2732:
2644:Current Opinion in Microbiology
2635:
2602:
2567:
2524:
2429:
2394:
2345:
2301:
2242:
2207:
2150:
1995:
1982:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
1974:
1953:
1448:
283:or anaerobically. Parts of the
2438:Biotechnology of Extremophiles
1927:
1778:
1689:
1638:
1465:
1382:
27:Class of salt-tolerant archaea
13:
1:
2128:10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.006
1553:
1435:Square Haloarchaeon of Walsby
3215:Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001).
2749:10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_13
2276:10.1371/journal.pone.0110533
1344:Haloarchaea can grow at an a
406:
399:Gupta et al. 2015, 18 genera
373:Gupta et al. 2015, 10 genera
339:Gupta et al. 2016, 10 genera
7:
3262:Mike Dyall-Smith's Homepage
2997:
2003:"LTP_06_2022 Release Notes"
1531:
381:Gupta et al. 2016, 9 genera
314:
10:
4843:
3192:(2nd ed.). New York:
2944:Environmental Microbiology
2807:10.1186/s40168-020-00894-x
2486:Environmental Microbiology
2415:10.1177/108201329500100203
1340:Adaptations to environment
1291:aspartate aminotransferase
1285:, RNA-associated protein,
1259:conserved signature indels
355:Gupta et al. 2016, 1 genus
174:DasSarma and DasSarma 2008
29:
4626:
4575:
4534:
4508:
4477:
4424:
4376:
4168:
4128:In the American Civil War
4115:
4058:
4001:
3948:
3939:
3830:
3821:
3721:
3654:
3542:
3477:
3458:
3434:
3425:
3309:
2896:FEMS Microbiology Letters
2707:10.3390/molecules25051197
2656:10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.002
2588:10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001
2545:10.1007/s00203-008-0376-4
2323:10.1007/s00792-005-0474-z
1905:10.1007/s10482-016-0660-2
1756:10.1017/S1473550418000423
1585:10.1007/s11157-006-0007-y
1364:to allow them to balance
1295:precorrin-8x methylmutase
1283:phosphopyruvate hydratase
1279:adenylosuccinate synthase
1181:
1170:{"Halalkalicoccaceae"} *
1163:
1156:
1132:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1063:
1034:{"Natronoarchaeaceae"} *
1027:
1009:
1002:
984:
977:
970:
945:
928:
921:
914:
907:
833:
815:
808:
766:
739:
728:{"Natronoarchaeaceae"} *
721:
714:
707:
691:
684:
635:
624:{"Halalkalicoccaceae"} *
617:
610:
592:
585:
568:
561:
554:
547:
531:
524:
500:
484:
477:
470:
454:
447:
432:53 marker proteins based
431:
424:
226:or nearly saturated with
192:halophilic archaebacteria
163:
156:
135:
128:
71:Scientific classification
69:
55:
46:
41:
4434:Salt Industry Commission
4107:
3174:
2624:(3): 120. Archived from
2533:Archives of Microbiology
2086:Genome Taxonomy Database
2059:Genome Taxonomy Database
2032:Genome Taxonomy Database
1627:(NCBI) taxonomy database
3696:Methanomassiliicoccales
3621:Methanonatronarchaeales
3102:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576
3059:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7
2956:10.1111/1462-2920.14474
2499:10.1111/1462-2920.13580
2116:Trends in Biotechnology
2027:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
1893:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1543:Purple Earth hypothesis
1416:purple Earth hypothesis
347:Gibbons 1974, 24 genera
3618:Methanonatronarchaeia
3528:"Methanofastidiosales"
3005:Soppa J (March 2006).
2576:Trends in Microbiology
2370:10.1038/ismej.2014.219
1868:10.1099/ijs.0.070136-0
1548:List of Archaea genera
1317:
3900:"Methanomethylicales"
3468:"Hydrothermarchaeles"
3465:"Hydrothermarchaeia"
3459:"Hydrothermarchaeota"
3024:10.1099/mic.0.28504-0
2909:10.1093/femsle/fnx270
2509:1959.4/unsworks_49888
1664:10.1186/1746-1448-4-5
1348:close to 0.75, yet a
1308:
991:{"Salinarchaeaceae"}
746:{"Salinarchaeaceae"}
331:Grant and Larsen 1989
279:Haloarchaea can grow
4459:Open-pan salt making
4283:Monosodium glutamate
4018:"Heimdallarchaeales"
3897:"Methanomethylicia"
3879:"Geothermarchaeales"
3700:"Natronoplasmatales"
3686:"Aciduliprofundales"
3645:"Syntropharchaeales"
2228:10.1511/2007.65.1024
2054:"ar53_r214.sp_label"
1619:Sayers; et al.
1263:DNA topoisomerase VI
1237:Molecular signatures
4065:Alternative views:
3668:"Thermoprofundales"
3639:"Syntropharchaeia"
3478:"Methanobacteriota"
3451:"Persephonarchaeia"
3142:1986Natur.324..416C
3093:1990PNAS...87.4576W
2609:DasSarma S (2006).
2267:2014PLoSO...9k0533J
2175:2015NatSR...512293Y
1861:(Pt 3): 1050–1069.
1803:2015NatSR...512293Y
1503:polyhydroxybutyrate
1499:polyhydroxyalkanote
1362:intracellular space
1315:Fremont, California
168:Cavalier-Smith 2002
4298:Potassium chloride
4150:In Chinese history
3876:Conexivisphaerales
3737:"Aenigmatarchaeia"
3703:"Sysuiplasmatales"
3612:Methanomicrobiales
3601:"Methanoliparales"
3490:Methanobacteriales
2858:10.3390/md19030159
2446:10.1007/bfb0102291
2216:American Scientist
2163:Scientific Reports
1791:Scientific Reports
1358:compatible solutes
1318:
1301:Living environment
1287:threonine synthase
188:halophilic archaea
4799:
4798:
4771:Open Tree of Life
4620:Taxon identifiers
4589:
4588:
4526:Salting the earth
4521:Salt in the Bible
4495:San Francisco Bay
4303:Potassium nitrate
4075:
4074:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4003:Heimdallarchaeota
3982:"Sigynarchaeales"
3935:
3934:
3903:"Nezhaarchaeales"
3883:Nitrososphaerales
3809:"Undinarchaeota"
3789:"Nanohalarchaeia"
3762:"Huberarchaeota"
3732:Aenigmatarchaeota
3717:
3716:
3707:Thermoplasmatales
3692:"Lunaplasmatales"
3689:"Gimiplasmatales"
3642:"Methanophagales"
3630:Methanosarcinales
3598:"Methanoliparia"
3563:"Mnemosynellales"
3236:978-0-387-98771-2
3207:978-0-387-98771-2
3136:(6096): 416–417.
3087:(12): 4576–4579.
3017:(Pt 3): 585–590.
2758:978-981-15-7360-6
2455:978-3-540-63817-9
2183:10.1038/srep12293
1811:10.1038/srep12293
1495:plastic pollution
1388:Bacteriorhodopsin
1311:San Francisco Bay
1275:ribosomal protein
1267:ribosomal protein
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1145:
1144:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1042:
959:
958:
896:
895:
887:
886:
878:
877:
869:
868:
860:
859:
851:
850:
797:
796:
788:
787:
779:
778:
755:
754:
673:
672:
664:
663:
655:
654:
513:
512:
400:
392:
391:Gupta et al. 2015
382:
374:
366:
365:Gupta et al. 2015
356:
348:
340:
332:
291:, related to the
289:bacteriorhodopsin
181:
180:
175:
169:
123:Grant et al. 2002
16:(Redirected from
4834:
4792:
4791:
4779:
4778:
4766:
4765:
4753:
4752:
4740:
4739:
4727:
4726:
4714:
4713:
4701:
4700:
4688:
4687:
4675:
4674:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4615:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4597:
4581:
4580:
4439:Evaporation pond
4213:Calcium chloride
4102:
4095:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4043:"Wukongarchaeia"
4035:"Borrarchaeales"
4024:"Kariarchaeales"
4015:"Gerdarchaeales"
4011:Heimdallarchaeia
3979:"Lokiarchaeales"
3963:"Hermodarchaeia"
3946:
3945:
3916:"Marsarchaeales"
3892:"Culexarchaeles"
3889:"Culexarchaeia"
3873:"Caldarchaeales"
3837:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3784:Nanohalarchaeota
3657:Thermoplasmatota
3634:Methanotrichales
3626:Methanosarcinia
3588:"Methanocellia"
3520:"Theionarchaeia"
3432:
3431:
3338:
3318:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3240:
3220:
3211:
3187:
3169:
3150:10.1038/324416a0
3124:
3114:
3104:
3071:
3061:
3036:
3026:
2986:
2985:
2967:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2709:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2364:(6): 1333–1351.
2358:The ISME Journal
2349:
2343:
2342:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2278:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1749:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1666:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1579:(2–3): 203–218.
1564:
1366:osmotic pressure
1269:L10e, RecJ-like
1159:
1158:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1005:
1004:
980:
979:
973:
972:
948:Halobacteriaceae
924:
923:
917:
916:
910:
909:
905:Halobacteriales
902:
901:
811:
810:
717:
716:
710:
709:
694:Halobacteriaceae
687:
686:
613:
612:
588:
587:
564:
563:
557:
556:
550:
549:
534:Halobacteriaceae
527:
526:
487:Halobacteriaceae
480:
479:
473:
472:
457:Halobacteriaceae
450:
449:
443:
442:
422:
421:
398:
390:
380:
372:
364:
354:
346:
344:Halobacteriaceae
338:
330:
173:
167:
51:
39:
38:
21:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4827:Archaea classes
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4787:
4782:
4774:
4769:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4743:
4735:
4730:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4704:
4696:
4691:
4683:
4678:
4670:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4622:
4612:
4600:
4592:
4590:
4585:
4571:
4562:Ximenes Redoubt
4557:Water softening
4530:
4504:
4473:
4426:
4420:
4401:Salt-cured meat
4372:
4358:Sodium chloride
4333:Salt substitute
4308:River reed salt
4164:
4111:
4106:
4076:
4071:
4046:
4038:"Sifarchaeales"
4029:"Njordarchaeia"
4021:"Hodarchaeales"
3997:
3976:"Helarchaeales"
3960:"Freyrarchaeia"
3957:"Baldrarchaeia"
3931:
3925:Thermoproteales
3869:Nitrososphaeria
3853:"Korarchaeales"
3823:Proteoarchaeota
3817:
3812:"Undinarchaeia"
3765:"Huberarchaeia"
3742:"Altarchaeota"
3713:
3676:"Poseidoniales"
3650:
3607:Methanomicrobia
3592:Methanocellales
3583:"Hikarchaeales"
3574:Halobacteriales
3559:Archaeoglobales
3538:
3502:Methanococcales
3485:Methanobacteria
3473:
3454:
3446:"Hadarchaeales"
3421:
3420:
3336:
3314:
3305:
3295:
3257:HaloArchaea.com
3248:
3243:
3237:
3208:
3194:Springer Verlag
3177:
3172:
3000:
2995:
2993:Further reading
2990:
2989:
2939:
2935:
2888:
2884:
2837:
2833:
2786:
2782:
2759:
2737:
2733:
2686:
2679:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2582:(11): 488–496.
2572:
2568:
2529:
2525:
2478:
2471:
2456:
2434:
2430:
2399:
2395:
2350:
2346:
2306:
2302:
2261:(10): e110533.
2247:
2243:
2212:
2208:
2155:
2151:
2112:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2081:"Taxon History"
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1932:
1928:
1888:
1884:
1847:
1836:
1783:
1779:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1694:
1690:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1617:
1610:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1534:
1491:
1468:
1451:
1424:
1422:Cellular shapes
1385:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1303:
1244:Halobacteriales
1239:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1167:Halalkalicoccus
1146:
1086:
1077:
1053:
1044:
1031:Natronoarchaeum
1016:{QS-9-68-17} *
960:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
852:
798:
789:
780:
756:
725:Natronoarchaeum
674:
665:
656:
621:Halalkalicoccus
599:{QS-9-68-17} *
514:
425:16S rRNA based
409:
328:Halobacteriales
317:
166:Halomebacteria
139:Halobacteriales
124:
121:
120:
108:
96:
84:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4840:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4780:
4767:
4754:
4741:
4728:
4715:
4702:
4689:
4676:
4663:
4648:
4632:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4611:
4610:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4552:Smelling salts
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4469:Salt tectonics
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4411:Health effects
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4313:Sodium nitrate
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:Korean brining
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4145:Old Salt Route
4142:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4032:"Sifarchaeia"
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3967:
3966:"Jordarchaeia"
3964:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3913:"Gearchaeales"
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:"Hecatellales"
3856:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3843:
3841:Thermoproteota
3834:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:"Nanohalobiia"
3802:
3801:"Nanoarchaeia"
3792:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3777:"Micrarchaeia"
3768:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3757:"Iainarchaeia"
3748:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3682:Thermoplasmata
3679:
3678:
3677:
3673:"Poseidoniia"
3671:
3670:
3669:
3665:"Izemarchaea"
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3580:"Hikarchaeia"
3578:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3550:
3548:
3545:Halobacteriota
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:Thermococcales
3529:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3514:Methanopyrales
3506:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3443:"Hadarchaeia"
3440:
3438:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:Mesomycetozoea
3408:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3347:Diaphoretickes
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:classification
3294:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3246:External links
3244:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3212:
3206:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3125:
3072:
3052:(Pt 1): 7–76.
3037:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2950:(1): 427–436.
2933:
2882:
2831:
2780:
2757:
2731:
2677:
2634:
2631:on 2007-02-02.
2601:
2566:
2539:(3): 197–215.
2523:
2492:(3): 864–877.
2469:
2454:
2428:
2409:(2–3): 75–90.
2393:
2344:
2300:
2241:
2222:(3): 224–231.
2206:
2149:
2122:(2): 226–239.
2099:
2072:
2045:
2018:
1994:
1973:
1952:
1936:"Halobacteria"
1926:
1899:(4): 565–587.
1882:
1834:
1777:
1740:(3): 241–250.
1721:
1714:
1688:
1651:Saline Systems
1637:
1621:"Halobacteria"
1608:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1490:
1489:Climate change
1487:
1467:
1464:
1450:
1447:
1423:
1420:
1412:carbon dioxide
1404:photosynthesis
1384:
1381:
1353:
1350:water activity
1345:
1341:
1338:
1322:ocean salinity
1302:
1299:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1184:Haloferacaceae
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:Haloarculaceae
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
927:
922:
920:
915:
913:
908:
906:
900:
898:
894:
893:
890:
889:
885:
884:
881:
880:
876:
875:
872:
871:
867:
866:
863:
862:
858:
857:
854:
853:
849:
848:
845:
844:
836:Haloferacaceae
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
814:
809:
807:
804:
803:
800:
799:
795:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:
777:
776:
773:
772:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
753:
752:
749:
748:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
690:
685:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
670:
667:
666:
662:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
649:
648:
634:
631:
630:
627:
626:
616:
611:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
591:
586:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
530:
525:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:Haloarculaceae
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
453:
448:
446:
441:
438:
437:
430:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
385:
384:
383:
375:
370:Haloferacaceae
359:
358:
357:
349:
341:
336:Haloarculaceae
316:
313:
305:photosynthesis
256:are among the
254:microorganisms
179:
178:
177:
176:
170:
161:
160:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
141:
133:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
114:
110:
109:
104:
102:
98:
97:
92:
90:
86:
85:
80:
78:
74:
73:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4839:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:Euryarchaeota
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4584:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:Miscellaneous
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4516:Grain of salt
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Brined cheese
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:In Middlewich
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4098:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3950:Lokiarchaeota
3947:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:Thermoproteia
3907:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:Bathyarchaeia
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:Nanoarchaeota
3793:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:Micrarchaeota
3769:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:Iainarchaeota
3749:
3745:"Altarchaeia"
3744:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:Archaeoglobia
3552:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3427:Euryarchaeota
3424:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:Stramenopiles
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:(major groups
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:Extremophiles
2304:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2004:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1962:
1956:
1941:
1937:
1934:J.P. Euzéby.
1930:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1726:
1717:
1715:9780470015902
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:postage stamp
1436:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:fixing carbon
1405:
1401:
1400:halorhodopsin
1397:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1248:Haloferacales
1245:
1234:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Halorubraceae
1185:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Halococcaceae
1116:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:Natrialbaceae
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
992:
990:
989:
988:Salinarchaeum
982:
981:
975:
974:
968:
967:
964:
963:
955:
954:
951:
949:
943:
942:
939:
938:
935:
933:
932:Haladaptaceae
926:
925:
919:
918:
912:
911:
904:
903:
899:
892:
891:
883:
882:
874:
873:
865:
864:
856:
855:
847:
846:
843:
841:
840:Halorubraceae
837:
831:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
820:
813:
812:
806:
805:
802:
801:
793:
792:
784:
783:
775:
774:
771:
770:
769:Natrialbaceae
764:
763:
760:
759:
751:
750:
747:
745:
744:
743:Salinarchaeum
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
727:
726:
719:
718:
712:
711:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
695:
689:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
669:
668:
660:
659:
651:
650:
647:
645:
644:Halococcaceae
641:
640:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
623:
622:
615:
614:
608:
607:
604:
603:
600:
598:
597:
590:
589:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
573:
572:Haladaptaceae
566:
565:
559:
558:
552:
551:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
535:
529:
528:
522:
521:
518:
517:
509:
508:
505:
504:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
488:
482:
481:
475:
474:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
458:
452:
451:
445:
444:
440:
439:
435:
428:
423:
420:
418:
414:
397:
396:Natrialbaceae
394:
393:
389:
386:
379:
378:Halorubraceae
376:
371:
368:
367:
363:
362:Haloferacales
360:
353:
352:Halococcaceae
350:
345:
342:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
325:
324:
321:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
217:Euryarchaeota
215:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
171:
165:
164:
162:
159:
155:
150:
147:
145:
144:Haloferacales
142:
140:
137:
136:
134:
131:
127:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
106:Euryarchaeota
103:
100:
99:
95:
94:Euryarchaeota
91:
88:
87:
83:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
58:Halobacterium
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
32:Halobacterium
19:
4822:Halobacteria
4750:halobacteria
4658:Halobacteria
4628:Halobacteria
4627:
4542:Mineral lick
4427:and industry
4243:Fleur de sel
4132:
3993:Thorarchaeia
3988:Odinarchaeia
3971:Lokiarchaeia
3920:Sulfolobales
3569:Halobacteria
3497:Methanococci
3436:Hadarchaeota
3396:Opisthokonta
3222:
3189:
3133:
3129:
3084:
3080:
3049:
3045:
3014:
3011:Microbiology
3010:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2848:
2845:Marine Drugs
2844:
2834:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2740:
2734:
2697:
2693:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2626:the original
2621:
2617:
2604:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2489:
2485:
2437:
2431:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2317:(1): 71–78.
2314:
2310:
2303:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2119:
2115:
2090:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2057:
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1929:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1858:
1854:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1737:
1733:
1697:
1691:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1629:. Retrieved
1576:
1572:
1562:
1538:Life on Mars
1518:denitrifying
1515:
1492:
1476:
1469:
1459:triple point
1455:live on Mars
1452:
1449:As exophiles
1432:
1425:
1386:
1370:
1343:
1330:
1319:
1254:Natrialbales
1252:
1242:
1240:
1232:
1182:
1165:
1164:
1133:
1112:
1111:
1064:
1029:
1028:
1011:
1010:
986:
985:
946:
929:
834:
819:Salinirubrum
817:
816:
767:
741:
740:
723:
722:
692:
637:
636:
619:
618:
594:
593:
569:
532:
501:
485:
455:
410:
388:Natrialbales
322:
318:
309:
278:
251:
246:
196:halobacteria
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:
172:Haloarchaea
149:Natrialbales
118:Halobacteria
117:
56:
42:Haloarchaea
36:
18:Halobacteria
4706:iNaturalist
4652:Wikispecies
4500:In Pakistan
4485:In Cheshire
4444:Salt mining
4406:Salted fish
4328:Salammoniac
4288:Moshio salt
4193:AsĂn tibuok
4067:Wikispecies
3849:Korarchaeia
3524:Thermococci
3509:Methanopyri
3298:Prokaryotes
3196:. pp.
2965:10045/83647
2919:10045/73332
2700:(5): 1197.
1507:bioplastics
1483:methanogens
1472:carotenoids
1466:Medical use
1428:pleomorphic
1383:Phototrophy
1271:exonuclease
415:(LPSN) and
301:chlorophyll
281:aerobically
247:haloarchaea
219:, found in
204:prokaryotic
184:Haloarchaea
65:in length.
4812:Halophiles
4806:Categories
4454:Sink works
4378:Food usage
4268:Kala namak
4203:Black lava
4155:Salt March
2851:(3): 159.
2800:(1): 114.
2794:Microbiome
1946:2021-11-17
1747:1810.05150
1631:2022-06-05
1554:References
1511:cell lysis
1443:osmolarity
1377:Dunaliella
1114:Halococcus
1013:Halostella
639:Halococcus
596:Halostella
274:cell walls
209:under the
4547:Road salt
4478:By region
4449:Salt well
4253:Himalayan
4160:Salt road
3391:Amoebozoa
3369:Alveolata
3357:Cryptista
3332:Eukaryota
2775:232419066
2694:Molecules
2650:: 24–30.
2236:0003-0996
2169:: 12293.
2144:236158869
1961:"The LTP"
1797:: 12293.
1772:119341330
1764:1473-5504
436:08-RS214
429:_06_2022
407:Phylogeny
297:rhodopsin
285:membranes
258:halophile
243:taxonomic
224:saturated
207:organisms
89:Kingdom:
4643:Q1054206
4637:Wikidata
4583:Category
4490:In Ghana
4425:Commerce
4348:Sel gris
4343:Seasoned
4338:Sea salt
4293:Pickling
4188:Alberger
3386:Amorphea
3364:Rhizaria
3352:Hacrobia
3342:Excavata
3327:Bacteria
3068:11837318
3033:16514139
2998:Journals
2982:53292259
2974:30421557
2928:29237000
2877:33803653
2826:32753050
2767:33783738
2726:32155882
2672:19041112
2664:29156444
2596:16997562
2561:21222667
2553:18493745
2518:27768817
2423:85703396
2388:25500507
2339:25102006
2331:16133658
2295:25338080
2255:PLOS ONE
2201:26216440
2136:34284891
1921:10437481
1913:26837779
1877:25428416
1829:26216440
1683:18485204
1657:(1): 5.
1603:21984879
1532:See also
1373:glycerol
419:(NCBI).
315:Taxonomy
295:pigment
232:bacteria
211:archaeal
198:) are a
158:Synonyms
101:Phylum:
77:Domain:
4509:Culture
4391:Salting
4386:Brining
4363:Truffle
4263:Jugyeom
4258:Iodised
4198:Bittern
4123:History
4116:History
4062:Source:
3401:Animals
3322:Archaea
3302:Archaea
3166:5242667
3158:2431320
3138:Bibcode
3121:2112744
3089:Bibcode
2868:8003077
2817:7409454
2717:7179442
2464:9670799
2379:4438321
2286:4206341
2263:Bibcode
2192:4516986
2171:Bibcode
1820:4516986
1799:Bibcode
1674:2397426
1594:3188376
1526:nitrite
1522:nitrate
1501:(PHA),
1392:protons
1313:, near
1186:(incl.
838:(incl.
303:-based
293:retinal
266:Archaea
239:Archaea
113:Class:
82:Archaea
4789:416243
4776:921404
4763:183963
4737:951427
4711:152089
4594:Portal
4368:TĂşltul
4353:Smoked
4278:Kosher
4248:Garlic
4228:Cyclic
4223:Curing
4218:Celery
4208:Butter
4178:Abraum
3941:Asgard
3379:Plants
3316:Domain
3233:
3204:
3164:
3156:
3130:Nature
3119:
3109:
3066:
3031:
2980:
2972:
2926:
2875:
2865:
2824:
2814:
2773:
2765:
2755:
2724:
2714:
2670:
2662:
2594:
2559:
2551:
2516:
2462:
2452:
2421:
2386:
2376:
2337:
2329:
2293:
2283:
2234:
2199:
2189:
2142:
2134:
2092:10 May
2065:10 May
2038:10 May
2011:10 May
1987:10 May
1966:10 May
1942:(LPSN)
1919:
1911:
1875:
1827:
1817:
1770:
1762:
1712:
1681:
1671:
1601:
1591:
1334:Eocene
270:lipids
252:These
236:domain
214:phylum
4784:WoRMS
4719:IRMNG
4318:Onion
4238:Flake
4233:Dairy
4183:Alaea
4170:Types
3723:DPANN
3406:Fungi
3175:Books
3162:S2CID
3112:54159
2978:S2CID
2902:(3).
2771:S2CID
2668:S2CID
2629:(PDF)
2614:(PDF)
2557:S2CID
2419:S2CID
2335:S2CID
2140:S2CID
2006:(PDF)
1917:S2CID
1768:S2CID
1742:arXiv
1479:Korea
1410:from
1277:S15,
221:water
200:class
130:Order
4758:NCBI
4745:LPSN
4732:ITIS
4724:1396
4693:GBIF
4685:7949
4608:Food
4323:Rock
4109:Salt
3832:TACK
3231:ISBN
3202:ISBN
3154:PMID
3117:PMID
3064:PMID
3029:PMID
2970:PMID
2924:PMID
2873:PMID
2822:PMID
2763:PMID
2753:ISBN
2722:PMID
2660:PMID
2592:PMID
2549:PMID
2514:PMID
2460:PMID
2450:ISBN
2384:PMID
2327:PMID
2291:PMID
2232:ISSN
2197:PMID
2132:PMID
2094:2023
2067:2023
2040:2023
2013:2023
1989:2023
1968:2023
1909:PMID
1873:PMID
1825:PMID
1760:ISSN
1710:ISBN
1679:PMID
1599:PMID
1524:and
1326:NaCl
1251:and
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696:4 *
574:" *
489:3 *
459:2 *
434:GTDB
262:NaCl
228:salt
4698:160
4680:EoL
4667:CoL
4567:Tax
3227:169
3198:169
3146:doi
3134:324
3107:PMC
3097:doi
3054:doi
3019:doi
3015:152
2960:hdl
2952:doi
2914:hdl
2904:doi
2900:365
2863:PMC
2853:doi
2812:PMC
2802:doi
2745:doi
2712:PMC
2702:doi
2652:doi
2584:doi
2541:doi
2537:190
2504:hdl
2494:doi
2442:doi
2411:doi
2374:PMC
2366:doi
2319:doi
2281:PMC
2271:doi
2224:doi
2187:PMC
2179:doi
2124:doi
1901:doi
1897:109
1863:doi
1815:PMC
1807:doi
1752:doi
1702:doi
1698:eLS
1669:PMC
1659:doi
1589:PMC
1581:doi
1396:ATP
427:LTP
202:of
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