65:), he described his psychotic experience defining pseudohallucinations as "subjective perceptions similar to hallucinations, with respect to its character and vividness, but that differ from those because these do not have objective reality". As an example of pseudohallucinations, Kandinsky gives the
46:, but which is recognised by the person experiencing it as being subjective and unreal. By contrast, a "true" hallucination is perceived as entirely real by the person experiencing it.
53:. Hagen published his 1868 book "Zur Theorie der Halluzination," to define them as "illusions or sensory errors". The term was further explored by the Russian psychiatrist
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van der Zwaard, Roy; Polak, Machiel A. (2001). "Pseudohallucinations: A pseudoconcept? A review of the validity of the concept, related to associate symptomatology".
114:(2013), this definition has been removed. Also, pseudohallucinations can occur in people with visual/hearing loss, referred to as
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Eperjesi, Frank (2010). "Visual
Hallucinations in Charles Bonnet Syndrome". In Laroi, Frank; Aleman, Andre (eds.).
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El-Mallakh, Rif S.; Walker, Kristin L. (2010). "Hallucinations, pseudohallucinations, and parahallucinations".
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Stanghellini G (2019). Stanghellini G, Raballo A, Broome MR, Fernandez AV, Fusar-Poli P, Rosfort R (eds.).
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The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields, as it is considered ambiguous; the term
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42:"false, lying" + "hallucination") is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a
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Kandinsky, V. (1885). Kritische und klinische
Betrachtungen im Gebiete der Sinnestäuschungen.
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Berrios, G. E.; Dening, T. R. (1996). "Pseudohallucinations: A conceptual history".
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is preferred. Pseudohallucinations are more likely to happen with a
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169:"The Russian Concept of Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature"
227:"Hallucinations and related concepts—their conceptual background"
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First, Michael B.; Frances, Allen; Pincus, Harold Alan (2002).
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A further distinction is made between pseudohallucinations and
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hallucinations that occur in normal people just before sleep.
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The term "pseudohallucination" appears to have been coined by
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The Oxford handbook of phenomenological psychopathology
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Hallucinations: A guide to treatment and management
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531:В. Х. Кандинский. О псевдогаллюцинациях (1890)
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402:"Pseudohallucinations: a critical review"
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538:On Pseudohallucinations
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231:Frontiers in Psychology
116:Charles Bonnet syndrome
63:"О псевдогаллюцинациях"
51:Friedrich Wilhelm Hagen
324:Psychological Medicine
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167:Lavretsky, H. (1998).
133:Auditory hallucination
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128:Anomalous experiences
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