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industry to a foreign company and country; the living and working conditions of its
Iranian workers were extremely poor; it refused to allow Iranians a greater voice in the company's management; and it denied them the right to audit the company's books. The AIOC did, however, offer a few improvements: it guaranteed that its annual royalty payments would not drop below 4 million pounds; it would reduce the area where it would be allowed to drill; and it promised to train more Iranians for administrative jobs. Razmara asked Anglo-Iranian to revise some of the agreement terms, namely to allow Iranian auditors to review their financial activities, offer Iranians managerial jobs, and pay some of the royalties to the Iranian government in advance. The British refused and lost the opportunity.
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The Shah appointed
Hussein Ala to succeed Razmara as prime minister. This move was met by further assassinations, riots, and demonstrations throughout the country. Ala ultimately resigned his post as prime minister. The Shah opted to go with former Prime Minister Sayyid Ziya al-Din Tabatabai but the
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On 12 March 1951 the Majlis voted to nationalize Iran's oil. Not one Majlis member voted against the Act. A spectator in the gallery is reported to have shouted "Eight grains of gunpowder have brought this about." This was followed by a vote on 28 March to expropriate the AIOC properties at Abadan.
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At a public demonstration the following day attended by more than 8,000 Tudeh Party members and
National Front supporters, Fadayan-e Islam distributed leaflets carrying a threat to assassinate the Shah and other government officials if the assassin, Tahmassebi, was not set free immediately. Threats
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The nationalization of the oil industry was supported by the vast majority of the
Iranian public, who believed it would lead to prosperity for all. After a series of further assassinations of several more government ministers by their then ally Fadā'iyān-e Islam, Prime Minister Mossadegh and the
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was inaugurated on 26 June. He promoted a plan for decentralization of government together with decentralization of the seven-year plan for infrastructure development and improvement. His idea was to bring government to the people; an unheard-of idea in Iran. His plan called for setting up local
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deputies because it provided far less favorable terms than the
Venezuela agreement between Standard Oil of New Jersey and the Venezuelan government, or the agreement between the Arabian-American Oil Company and the Saudi Arabian government. In addition, it gave continuous control of Iran's oil
564:, the leader of the country's mullahs, ended his support for the Fadayan-e Islam after the assassination. Kashani then became closer to the National Front. On the other hand, the assassin, Tahmassebi, was freed by the Iranian Parliament in 1952, but then he was tried and executed in 1955.
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Razmara began trimming the government payrolls, eliminating a large number of officials out of a total of 187,000 civil servants. At one stroke he terminated nearly 400 high-placed officials. By so doing, Razmarra earned the wrath of the powerful land-owning and merchant families and most
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and the AIOC to the Shah. They wanted a stronger figure than
Razmara's predecessor, Prime Minister Mansur, to ensure the success of the Supplemental Agreement. "Only a man with fierce determination, they believed, would be strong enough to face down Mossadegh and the National Front."
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National Front were finally able to nationalize the oil and expel the AIOC. As this move dealt a severe blow to the monarchy as well as to
British interests in Iran, the US and Britain orchestrated the now well-known coup d'état in 1953, code-named
662:, removing Mossadegh as Prime Minister and convincing the Shah to appoint a Prime Minister of their choosing. Mohammad Reza Shah remained in power until the 1979 revolution, which led to the establishment of the Islamic Republic.
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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for a memorial service. The police opened a corridor through the inner courtyard for him. The assassin, in the crowd, fired three quick shots, fatally wounding the Prime
Minister. Khalil Tahmassebi, a member of the group
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councils in Iran's 84 districts to run local affairs such as health, education and agricultural programs. One of his most enduring achievements was the institution of the Point IV program via agreement with US President
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1079:"A Soviet View on the Assassination of the Iranian Prime Minister, Haj ʻAli Razmara, in the Context of the Early Years of the Cold War"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Persian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Guardians of the
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Ali Razmara came closer than any other prime minister to ratifying the supplemental oil agreement between
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1000:– ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing – انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003).
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Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979, Volumes One and Two
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in 1901. His father, Mohammad Khan Razmara, was a military officer. He studied at the
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Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954
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at the age of 49. Razmara was the third Iranian prime minister to be assassinated.
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were also issued against any Majlis member who opposed oil nationalization.
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Fariborz Mokhtari (2016). "Review: Iran's 1953 Coup: Revisiting Mosaddeq".
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Majlis, led by the National Front, voted Mohammed Mossadegh to the post.
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All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror
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Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Sepehr Zabih (September 1982). "Aspects of Terrorism in Iran".
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meeting in Egypt, declared that he himself had killed Razmara.
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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present
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Razmara married Anvar ol Molouk Hedayat who was a sister of
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conservatives without gaining the confidence of the radical
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The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia
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earned him the wrath of the small but powerful group of
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a machine-translated version of the Persian article.
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Iranian Prime Minister (1950–51) and military leader
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495:. The National Front was led by Majlis Member,
87:accompanying your translation by providing an
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36:expand this article with text translated from
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1023:(Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1994).
887:(PhD Thesis thesis). University of Michigan.
2148:People assassinated by the Fada'iyan-e Islam
2133:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
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779:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 48.
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1051:(John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2003).
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579:Effects on Iranian government
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2118:Assassinated prime ministers
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259:Anvar ol-Molouk Hedayat
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108:For more guidance, see
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110:Knowledge:Translation
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380:Razmara was born in
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1029:0-8156-2642-8
1026:
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1019:Mostafa Elm,
1018:
1015:
1014:964-93406-5-3
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1007:
1006:964-93406-6-1
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893:2027.42/64683
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820:Kinzer, p. 72
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666:Personal life
663:
661:
655:
651:
641:
638:
630:
627:December 2011
620:
616:
612:
606:
605:
601:
596:This section
594:
590:
585:
584:
576:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
554:
550:
548:
543:
536:Assassination
533:
530:
525:
522:
518:
514:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:expropriation
478:
472:
470:
465:
462:in 1950. His
461:
450:
447:
439:
429:
425:
419:
418:
413:This section
411:
407:
402:
401:
393:
391:
387:
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367:
363:
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354:
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223:30 March 1901
222:
218:
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96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
53:
47:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
1871:
1847:
1831:
1715:
1706:Mahdavi Kani
1688:(since 1979)
1642:Sharif-Emami
1612:Sharif-Emami
1565:
1443:Pahlavi Iran
1353:Farman Farma
1192:Hossein Ala'
1180:
1147:
1086:
1082:
1062:
1048:
1034:
1020:
997:
993:
943:
936:
911:
907:
901:
883:
838:
834:
816:
808:
803:
775:
768:
749:
743:
733:
709:
705:Abbas Milani
669:
656:
652:
648:
633:
624:
609:Please help
597:
569:Navab Safavi
566:
555:
551:
539:
526:
510:
473:
469:Harry Truman
457:
442:
433:
422:Please help
417:verification
414:
379:
355:
326:
322:
321:
241:(1951-03-07)
239:7 March 1951
205:Hossein Ala'
198:Succeeded by
165:
122:
85:edit summary
76:
45:(April 2017)
43:
35:
2113:1951 deaths
2108:1901 births
2057:(1998–2000)
1888:Yazdanpanah
1816:Yazdanpanah
1447:(1925–1979)
1263:(1907–1925)
1125:Ali Razmara
542:Shah Mosque
477:Tudeh Party
392:in France.
366:Shah Mosque
323:Ali Razmara
186:Preceded by
2102:Categories
2008:Zahirnejad
1960:Gharabaghi
1403:Tabatabaee
1358:Tonekaboni
1318:Tonekaboni
1308:Tonekaboni
1259:Qajar Iran
1186:1950–1951
1175:Ali Mansur
1154:1942–1950
1008:(Vol. 1),
986:References
914:(2): 118.
752:(2): 328.
436:April 2017
289:Allegiance
273:Alma mater
191:Ali Mansur
40:in Persian
2073:(2005–17)
2065:(2000–05)
2027:(1988–98)
2019:(1984–88)
2011:(1981–84)
2003:(1980–81)
1963:(1978–79)
1955:(1971–78)
1947:(1969–71)
1939:(1965–69)
1931:(1961–65)
1923:(1955–61)
1915:(1953–55)
1899:(1952–53)
1896:Baharmast
1883:(1950–52)
1875:(1946–50)
1859:(1944–46)
1843:(1943–44)
1827:(1942–43)
1819:(1941–42)
1811:(1934–41)
1803:(1927–34)
1800:Nakhjavan
1795:(1926–27)
1787:(1925–26)
1784:Jahanbani
1637:Amouzegar
1627:H. Mansur
1592:Mosaddegh
1582:Mosaddegh
1561:A. Mansur
1486:A. Mansur
1433:Reza Khan
1105:256789628
1016:(Vol. 2).
975:187523435
928:185086482
863:145391253
841:: 84–94.
598:does not
390:Saint-Cyr
340:romanized
302:1927–1950
166:In office
156:28rd
103:talk page
2054:Shahbazi
2024:Shahbazi
1992:Shadmehr
1808:Zarghami
1792:Sheibani
1674:Bazargan
1652:Bakhtiar
1491:Foroughi
1471:Foroughi
1461:Mostowfi
1455:Foroughi
1423:Mostowfi
1378:Mostowfi
1348:Mostowfi
1333:Mostowfi
1313:Mostowfi
947:. Cham:
707:(2008).
567:In 1954
515:and the
460:the Shah
264:Children
79:provide
2078:Mousavi
2016:Sohrabi
2000:Fallahi
1968:Gharani
1920:Hedayat
1872:Razmara
1864:Aghevli
1848:Razmara
1832:Razmara
1727:*Acting
1711:Mousavi
1701:Bahonar
1632:Hoveyda
1566:Razmara
1506:Soheili
1496:Soheili
1466:Hedayat
855:1043613
619:removed
604:sources
464:cabinet
360:of the
342::
331:Persian
175:Monarch
101:to the
83:in the
42:.
2070:Salehi
2062:Salimi
1995:(1980)
1987:(1979)
1984:Shaker
1979:(1979)
1976:Farbod
1971:(1979)
1952:Azhari
1936:Aryana
1928:Hejazi
1907:(1953)
1891:(1952)
1880:Garzan
1867:(1946)
1851:(1944)
1835:(1943)
1666:(1979)
1647:Azhari
1607:Eghbal
1597:Zahedi
1571:Fahimi
1551:Hazhir
1546:Hakimi
1541:Hekmat
1531:Hakimi
1521:Hakimi
1428:Pirnia
1413:Pirnia
1393:Pirnia
1388:Vosugh
1363:Vosugh
1338:Pirnia
1277:Atabak
1271:Afkham
1103:
1055:
1041:
1027:
1012:
1004:
973:
963:
926:
861:
853:
791:
721:
489:Majlis
485:Abadan
396:Career
382:Tehran
370:Tehran
256:Spouse
246:Tehran
226:Tehran
130:Timsar
1904:Riahi
1856:Arfaʿ
1840:Riazi
1824:Arfaʿ
1696:Rajai
1617:Amini
1587:Qavam
1556:Sa'ed
1536:Qavam
1516:Bayat
1511:Sa'ed
1501:Qavam
1418:Qavam
1408:Qavam
1101:S2CID
971:S2CID
924:S2CID
859:S2CID
851:JSTOR
682:Notes
676:SAVAK
63:DeepL
1944:Djam
1622:Alam
1602:Ala'
1577:Ala'
1526:Sadr
1476:Djam
1249:list
1053:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1010:ISBN
1002:ISBN
961:ISBN
789:ISBN
719:ISBN
602:any
600:cite
513:Iran
351:Iran
307:Rank
236:Died
220:Born
77:must
75:You
56:View
1091:doi
953:doi
916:doi
889:hdl
843:doi
839:463
781:doi
754:doi
613:by
426:by
388:of
368:in
65:or
2104::
1099:.
1087:56
1085:.
1081:.
969:.
959:.
922:.
910:.
871:^
857:.
849:.
837:.
825:^
787:.
750:58
748:.
742:.
690:^
503:.
471:.
353:.
337:,
333::
248:,
228:,
1759:e
1752:t
1745:v
1573:*
1457:*
1304:*
1273:*
1251:)
1247:(
1236:e
1229:t
1222:v
1107:.
1093::
996:(
977:.
955::
930:.
918::
912:7
895:.
891::
865:.
845::
797:.
783::
762:.
756::
727:.
640:)
634:(
629:)
625:(
621:.
607:.
449:)
443:(
438:)
434:(
420:.
329:(
267:5
112:.
105:.
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