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477:, written about 356–62, mentions the well created by the desert hermit Antony. It is unclear how many Christian holy wells there may have been, as records are very fragmentary and often a well appears only once, making it impossible to tell when reverence for it began and when it ceased, but by the
281:
Holy wells in different forms occur in such a wide variety of cultures, religious environments, and historical periods that it seems to be a universal human instinct to revere water sources. However, the fragmentary nature of the evidence, and the historical differences among cultures and nations,
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religious practices and thought of holy wells in that way. This affected the outlook of those who came to study holy well traditions later. The pioneers of folklore study took the view that the customs and legends they were recording were debased versions of pagan rites and myths. Thus it became
682:
In a sense, the restoration of holy wells began almost as soon as they were in decline, as a number became the subject of antiquarian interest and some were turned into garden features and put to other decorative uses. However, in more modern times wells have been restored as an expression of
738:-orientated spirituality and retreat centre. Other wells, however, are often visited on an informal basis for religious or sightseeing reasons. New forms of holy well reverence continue to emerge now and again, notoriously the so-called Well of the
623:(1991) which argued that the evidence for what constituted pre-Christian British religious practices, certainly outside Romano-British times, was next to nil. As far as wells themselves were concerned, the controversy emerged in the pages of
666:, and argues 'apart from being venerated and being wet, they have little in common'; Harte has also stressed that limited evidence may mean scholars are considerably overestimating the number of holy wells which were active at any one time.
481:
England, for instance, probably possessed some hundreds. As they were closely linked with the cults of the saints, many wells in countries that converted to
Protestant forms of Christianity fell into disuse and were lost, the Holy Well at
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standard to begin any account of holy wells with the statement that the
Christian church had adopted them from the pagans and replaced the heathen gods with Christian saints, in order to win people over to the new religion more smoothly.
634:
Tristan Gray-Hulse. A number of articles in the journal challenged long-standing myths about holy well history, and the editors published an exchange between the authors and Cheryl
Straffon, editor of Cornish earth mysteries magazine
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on the well cult. The late
Francine Nicholson, an independent student of Celtica, argued forcefully and controversially that the Celts had a unique sensitivity to sacred wells, but never elaborated this in any published work.
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1303:
73:
643:. The eco-pagan movement has largely accepted the new historiographical approach, but occasionally rather more old-fashioned accounts of holy wells are published, for instance, Gary Varner's
317:(1893), the first comprehensive survey of its kind, featured several named wells not dedicated to saints, along with rivers and lakes associated with folklore, as noted in Hope's subtitle.
1087:
1413:
Lefèvre, Eckard. 1988. Plinius-Studien : IV : Die
Naturauffassung in den Beschreibungen der Quelle am Lacus Larius (4,30), des Clitumnus (8,8) und des Lacus Vadimo (8,20).
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Often unmarked on maps and undistinguished by archaeological features, holy wells are a uniquely vulnerable category of ancient site. They continue to be lost to
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1532:
907:
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854:
615:, among others, helped shape this approach. During the early and mid-1990s, this viewpoint was under increasing attack crowned by the publication of
107:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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and ancient sites; the view that the
Christians had 'stolen' holy wells from the pagan religions fitted in well with their position. The magazines
767:(1985) was influential in reviving interest in the history and folklore of holy wells in Britain. The same year saw the foundation of the journal
273:, and other writers generalising from those actual 'Holy Wells', which survived into the modern era. The term 'holy-hole' is sometimes employed.
842:
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or religious motives, but mostly as a statement of continuity with the history of a particular community. A good example is St Osyth's Well at
414:), suggests that reverence for such sites continued without a break. There is abundant evidence for the importance of wells and springs in the
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More recently, radically minded scholars have begun questioning the unity of concepts imposed by the term 'holy well'. In a paper in the
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in County
Donegal, Ireland, c.1900. On the left, two women are praying by the well. On the right, an array of crutches, bandages and
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514:(from the 17th century) and folklorists (from the 19th) began to take notice of holy wells and record their surviving traditions.
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make it very hard to generalize. While there are a few national studies of holy well lore and history, mainly concentrating on
313:, or otherwise considered sacred. By the late 19th century, the term had evolved to its current usage. Robert Charles Hope's
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In
England, examples of reverence for wells and springs occur at a variety of historical periods. The medieval traveller
92:
438:) which have medicinal springs at their centre, but a variety of smaller sites, and at wells and ritual shafts used for
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enjoyed two runs from 1985 to 1989 and 1994 to 1998, and the web-based Living Spring has had only two issues to date).
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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229:, the water is often said to have been made to flow by the action of a saint. Holy wells are often also places of
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toponym attached to specific springs in the landscape; its current use has arisen through folklore scholars,
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era and the source of a river which had been the site of ritual activity. The proximity of named springs to
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521:, each associated with a particular saint, though not always the same one as the dedication of the church.
55:
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by Mark
Valentine. Attempts to maintain a regular journal for the study of holy wells have been erratic (
695:), 'restored' (and in the process rebuilt completely) by the Parish Council as part of a project marking
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context, sometimes both. The water of holy wells is often thought to have healing qualities, through the
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1958:
506:. Visiting of wells for therapeutic and entertainment purposes did not completely die out, however, as
490:) being a good example, which, having been an integral element of the pilgrimage to the shrine of the
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662:, Jeremy Harte distinguishes between early Anglo-Saxon 'holy wells' and those Christianised in the
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The National Wells Index, dedicated to promoting information about and preservation of holy wells
639:, about the evidence for a particular Cornish well's supposed association with the Irish goddess
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of the 16th century often assumed that medieval Catholic practices embodied lingering remains of
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Die Bedeutung des Wassers im Kult und Leben der Alten. Eine symbolgeschichtliche Untersuchung.
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American Catholics in the Protestant Imagination: Rethinking the Academic Study of Religion
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Sacred Wells: A Study in the History, Meaning, and Mythology of Holy Wells and Waters.
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in the village, vanished completely. Nevertheless, this particular holy well at the
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The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Among the earliest enthusiasts for holy wells in modern times was the
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St Peter's Well at Houstin in Scotland. A rare Scottish covered well.
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was restored nearby the original site and its water is known for its
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The most active holy wells in Britain are those linked to Christian
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was responsible for exposing the infamous archaeological fraud of
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Christianity strongly affected the development of holy wells in
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Historiographically, the publication of Janet and Colin Bord's
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A related argument was over the nature of the influence of the
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1403:, I. Transl. by Krapp P. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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became fashionable in the 17th century and later. Eventually,
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Wells and Spas, the online discussion list for wells and spas
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1377:. Swords, Dublin: Fingal County Libraries, 2005, pp. 62-63.
750:). In 2001 Channel 4's archaeological television programme
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observances at Irish wells bearing the names of Christian
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to this template: there are already 1,480 articles in the
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1948:
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290:, there is a need for more work examining other regions.
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The earliest work specifically devoted to holy wells is
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properties, thus making it a popular site of Christian
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A cabinet containing offerings from pilgrims to a well
627:, the holy wells journal edited by Roy Fry and former
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monuments, such as the Swallowhead Springs, close to
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Russian holy wells and sacred springs Full HD photos
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Harte, J. 2000. Holey Wells and other Holey Places.
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a machine-translated version of the French article.
722:), or popular tourist sites (Bath, Somerset). The
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1429:Remarks on Local Scenery and Manners in Scotland.
1054:Remarks on Local Scenery and Manners in Scotland.
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1006:J. Harte, 'Holey Wells and other Holey Places',
621:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
1540:
315:The Legendary Lore of the Holy Wells of England
760:, a site which included an alleged holy well.
382:saw a 'holy-hole, or well' within the cave at
122:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
1526:
276:
217:presence of its guardian spirit or Christian
27:Well or spring revered in a religious context
1282:WELLS-AND-SPAS Archives – January 2003 (#23)
1056:London: William Miller. Vol. 1, facing p. 1.
1181:
1178:London: Wells Gardner & Darton; p. 180.
1026:(London: RKP), 1967, 107; Willy Worcestre,
848:St Brigid's Well, Cullion, County Westmeath
205:or small pool of water revered either in a
1533:
1519:
1219:
1133:Woodbridge: Boydell, chapters 7, 8, and 9.
185:deliberately left at the well by pilgrims.
1145:(1925) "The Holy Wells of Cornwall". In:
597:movement, for whom wells formed part of '
496:Anglican Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham
320:
1424:Darmstadt : Wiss. Buchgesellschaft.
1188:Carroll, Michael P. (29 December 2010).
673:
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517:More than a hundred holy wells exist in
410:) or the Holy Well near Tadmarton Hill (
324:
169:
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2132:International scale of river difficulty
1323:(High Wycombe: Umbra), 2003, pp. 31-32.
1216:(Woodbridge: Boydell), 1995, Chapter 9.
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1016:
422:, not just at temple complexes such as
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134:{{Translated|fr|Fontaines à dévotion}}
1514:
1453:. London: Wells Gardner & Darton.
1438:2nd ed. New York: Algora Publishing.
683:interest in the past, sometimes from
549:), literally "holiness". Examples of
390:), a site of human habitation in the
225:associated with them; for example in
1119:. Walsingham Review. pp. 12–13.
1013:
465:, visited by the fourth-century nun
36:
1103:The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic
524:Several holy wells also survive in
30:For places with similar names, see
24:
1383:
1163:Ancient and Holy Wells of Cornwall
915:St. Mary of the Spring in Istanbul
795:of St Bridget's Well at Rosepark,
25:
2810:
1457:
1043:(London: Granada), 1985, pp. 1–3.
730:(Somerset) is at the centre of a
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2779:Types of monuments and memorials
1271:from the original on 2017-01-24.
1149:. Truro: Blackford; pp. 249-257.
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559:Church of St. Mary of Blachernae
555:Church of St. Mary of the Spring
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2289:Flooded grasslands and savannas
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1090:from the original on 2007-09-27
814:during the construction of the
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569:Historiographical controversies
1464:Cornish ancient and holy wells
1123:
1108:
1105:. London: Batsford; pp. 23–50.
1095:
1074:
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1000:
132:You may also add the template
13:
1:
2799:Ritual purity in Christianity
1321:Holy Wells of Buckinghamshire
1261:"The Search for Bride's Well"
994:
810:the destruction of a well at
2455:Universal Soil Loss Equation
2405:Hydrological transport model
2299:Storm Water Management Model
469:and many other pilgrims. St
7:
1192:. JHU Press. p. 1878.
937:
929:Llanllawer holy well, Wales
442:and sub-religious rituals.
104:will aid in categorization.
10:
2815:
1959:Antecedent drainage stream
1086:, UK: Jiscmail, May 1999,
826:
541:
277:Culture and representation
79:Machine translation, like
29:
2723:
2695:River valley civilization
2657:
2596:
2578:Riparian-zone restoration
2478:
2340:
2312:
2213:
2185:
2117:
1939:
1806:
1723:
1645:
1556:
1483:The Living Spring Journal
1174:Wall, J. Charles (1912),
1165:. London: Chas. J. Clark.
360:
56:the corresponding article
32:Holywell (disambiguation)
2758:Countries without rivers
2733:Rivers by discharge rate
2445:Runoff model (reservoir)
2410:Infiltration (hydrology)
1477:Magazine online archive
1449:Wall, J. Charles. 1912.
1389:Bord, J. & C. 1985.
1117:Streams of Healing Grace
913:Holy well (Hagiasma) of
329:Saint Bernard's well at
256:
221:. They often have local
2430:River Continuum Concept
2195:Agricultural wastewater
1431:London: William Miller.
1226:Hutton, Ronald (1991).
1115:Barnes, Philip (2017).
1083:Wells and Spas Archives
1052:Stoddart, John (1800),
1039:e.g. J. & C. Bord,
434:), and Blunsdon Ridge (
333:near Edinburgh in 1800.
166:in County Cork, Ireland
143:For more guidance, see
2753:River name etymologies
2680:Hydraulic civilization
2538:Floodplain restoration
2314:Point source pollution
2089:Sedimentary structures
1434:Varner, Gary R. 2009.
1427:Stoddart, John. 1800.
1401:Archaic Roman Religion
1101:Merrifield, R. (1987)
679:
578:
371:, especially those of
334:
321:Origin and development
186:
167:
2365:Discharge (hydrology)
2327:Industrial wastewater
1808:Sedimentary processes
1489:The Megalithic Portal
1408:Living Spring Journal
1375:Fingallian Holy Wells
1066:Living Spring Journal
1008:Living Spring Journal
677:
660:Living Spring Journal
576:
328:
299:Holy Wells of Ireland
173:
161:
145:Knowledge:Translation
116:copyright attribution
2470:Volumetric flow rate
2054:Riffle-pool sequence
1176:Porches & Fonts.
1161:& Lilian (1894)
1159:Quiller-Couch, Mabel
1147:Cornish Church Guide
1024:Pagan Celtic Britain
583:Protestant Reformers
577:Dupath Well in 1912.
504:religious pilgrimage
380:William of Worcester
2644:Whitewater kayaking
2639:Whitewater canoeing
2440:Runoff curve number
2284:Flood pulse concept
1451:Porches & Fonts
601:' study along with
367:consecrated to the
2794:Christian folklore
2670:Aquatic toxicology
2583:Stream restoration
2548:Infiltration basin
2400:Hydrological model
1916:Sediment transport
1739:Estavelle/Inversac
1617:Subterranean river
1499:2014-12-18 at the
1360:2011-02-27 at the
1338:2007-06-07 at the
1306:2007-09-27 at the
1287:2007-09-27 at the
1129:Rattue, J. (1995)
833:Various Holy Wells
820:Tara-Skryne Valley
744:Minster-in-Sheppey
680:
579:
561:, both located in
335:
295:Philip Dixon Hardy
187:
168:
124:interlanguage link
2766:
2765:
2743:Whitewater rivers
2649:Whitewater slalom
2480:River engineering
2380:Groundwater model
2341:River measurement
2269:Flood forecasting
2084:Sedimentary basin
1941:Fluvial landforms
1846:Bed material load
1622:River bifurcation
1265:people.bath.ac.uk
1214:The Living Stream
1131:The Living Stream
964:Nuragic holy well
949:Fountain of Youth
706:, at Walsingham,
553:are found in the
227:Christian legends
156:
155:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
2806:
2789:Religious places
2728:Rivers by length
2563:River morphology
2465:Wetted perimeter
2370:Drainage density
1881:Headward erosion
1710:Perennial stream
1582:Blackwater river
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1420:Ninck, M. 1960.
1397:Dumézil, Georges
1393:London: Granada.
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2390:Hjulström curve
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2127:Helicoidal flow
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2014:Fluvial terrace
2009:Floating island
1935:
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1793:Rhythmic spring
1727:
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1700:Stream gradient
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1627:River ecosystem
1592:Channel pattern
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1501:Wayback Machine
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1384:Further reading
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868:
858:
849:
846:
835:
834:
829:
781:
693:Buckinghamshire
672:
599:earth mysteries
571:
432:Gloucestershire
323:
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259:
237:, where people
152:
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69:
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28:
23:
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15:
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5:
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2420:Playfair's law
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2256:
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2247:Urban flooding
2239:
2234:
2232:Crevasse splay
2229:
2227:100-year flood
2223:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2187:Surface runoff
2183:
2182:
2180:
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2174:
2169:
2167:Stream capture
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
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2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
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2106:
2101:
2096:
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2079:Rock-cut basin
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2021:
2016:
2011:
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1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1961:
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1928:
1923:
1921:Suspended load
1918:
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1911:Secondary flow
1908:
1903:
1901:Retrogradation
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Dissolved load
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1823:
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1798:Spring horizon
1795:
1790:
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1783:Mineral spring
1780:
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1778:
1768:
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1764:list in the US
1761:
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1651:
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1619:
1614:
1612:Drainage basin
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Alluvial river
1568:
1566:
1554:
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1523:
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1491:
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1471:
1466:
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1458:External links
1456:
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1418:
1411:
1404:
1394:
1391:Sacred Waters.
1385:
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1379:
1366:
1344:
1325:
1312:
1301:Harte, op.cit.
1293:
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959:Nature worship
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823:
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780:
777:
740:Triple Goddess
699:Year in 2000.
671:
670:Modern revival
668:
645:Sacred Springs
607:Wood and Water
570:
567:
339:ancient Greece
322:
319:
278:
275:
258:
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247:Celtic regions
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2708:
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2705:Sacred waters
2703:
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2698:
2696:
2693:
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2690:Riparian zone
2688:
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2675:Body of water
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2343:and modelling
2339:
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2304:Return period
2302:
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2264:Flood control
2262:
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2259:Flood barrier
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2250:
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2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
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1987:
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1982:
1980:
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1891:Palaeochannel
1889:
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1877:
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1851:Granular flow
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1333:Sacred waters
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473:' Life of St
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440:superstitious
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263:haeligewielle
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251:clootie wells
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165:
162:Holy well at
160:
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99:
98:main category
95:
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72:
71:
65:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2748:Flash floods
2700:River cruise
2597:River sports
2450:Stream gauge
2435:Rouse number
2425:Relief ratio
2274:Flood-meadow
2205:Urban runoff
2119:Fluvial flow
2104:River valley
2074:River island
2039:Meander scar
1954:Alluvial fan
1896:Progradation
1771:Karst spring
1748:
1715:Winterbourne
1670:Chalk stream
1632:River source
1607:Distributary
1482:
1474:
1450:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1417:95: 236–269.
1414:
1407:
1400:
1390:
1374:
1373:Skyvova, P.
1369:
1353:
1352:Channel 4 –
1347:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1296:
1277:
1264:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1228:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1189:
1183:
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1061:
1053:
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1040:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1007:
1002:
989:Wishing well
984:Well of Wyrd
944:Clootie well
861:Clootie well
782:
779:Preservation
772:
768:
764:
762:
751:
732:modern pagan
724:Chalice Well
701:
681:
659:
657:
649:
644:
636:
624:
620:
610:
606:
592:
580:
550:
546:
529:
523:
516:
512:antiquarians
461:' well near
444:
426:(Somerset),
404:Silbury Hill
392:Palaeolithic
377:
352:
346:
336:
314:
298:
292:
280:
271:antiquarians
262:
260:
194:
190:
188:
183:rosary beads
179:Kilmacrennan
120:edit summary
111:
91:
61:
53:
2609:Fly fishing
2533:Fish ladder
2518:Daylighting
2237:Flash flood
2200:First flush
2147:Plunge pool
1871:Downcutting
1856:Debris flow
1831:Aggradation
1705:Stream pool
1319:J. Rattue,
1212:J. Rattue,
974:Water deity
892:Su Tempiesu
822:in Ireland.
816:M3 Motorway
793:desecration
728:Glastonbury
704:pilgrimages
637:Meyn Mamvro
629:Benedictine
612:Meyn Mamvro
492:Virgin Mary
479:Reformation
451:Middle East
412:Oxfordshire
331:Stockbridge
267:Anglo-Saxon
63:(June 2014)
2784:Holy wells
2773:Categories
2715:Wild river
2395:Hydrograph
2385:Hack's law
2350:Baer's law
2294:Inundation
2279:Floodplain
2219:stormwater
2177:Whitewater
2049:Oxbow lake
1886:Knickpoint
1861:Deposition
1754:Hot spring
1695:Streamflow
1685:Stream bed
1602:Confluence
1010:, 1, 2000.
995:References
954:Holy water
867:, Scotland
797:Balrothery
712:Lancashire
708:Fernyhalgh
697:Millennium
551:hagiasmata
484:Walsingham
471:Athanasius
463:Mount Nebo
305:attack on
303:Protestant
301:(1836), a
241:and leave
235:pilgrimage
2685:Limnology
2634:Triathlon
2604:Canyoning
2573:Revetment
2503:Check dam
2415:Main stem
2172:Waterfall
2059:Point bar
2044:Mouth bar
1984:Billabong
1931:Water gap
1926:Wash load
1906:Saltation
1826:Anabranch
1749:Holy well
1637:Tributary
1415:Gymnasium
1354:Time Team
1028:Itinerary
1022:A. Ross,
812:Rath Lugh
753:Time Team
603:ley lines
528:, called
455:Beersheba
436:Wiltshire
428:Chedworth
408:Wiltshire
396:Neolithic
363:), was a
353:nymphaion
348:nymphaeum
261:The term
207:Christian
191:holy well
175:Doon Well
138:talk page
90:Consider
58:in French
2488:Aqueduct
2355:Baseflow
2322:Effluent
1999:Cut bank
1964:Avulsion
1841:Bed load
1821:Abrasion
1497:Archived
1399:. 1970.
1358:Archived
1336:Archived
1304:Archived
1285:Archived
1269:Archived
1245:25 March
1088:archived
938:See also
900:Sardinia
865:Munlochy
799:(County
758:Llygadwy
716:Holywell
685:romantic
647:(2002).
595:Neopagan
563:Istanbul
557:and the
547:hagiasma
519:Cornwall
449:and the
400:Iron Age
388:Somerset
365:monument
361:νυμφαίον
307:Catholic
286:and the
215:numinous
114:provide
18:Hagiasma
2665:Aquifer
2658:Related
2614:Rafting
2142:Meander
2137:Log jam
2099:Thalweg
2004:Estuary
1876:Erosion
1813:erosion
1725:Springs
1680:Current
1647:Streams
1587:Channel
1550:springs
1546:streams
1071:, 2002.
827:Gallery
818:in the
805:Ireland
785:farming
736:New Age
689:Bierton
542:ἁγίασμα
536:, from
534:Turkish
500:healing
488:Norfolk
373:springs
284:Ireland
223:legends
136:to the
118:in the
60:.
2460:WAFLEX
2332:Sewage
2215:Floods
2157:Riffle
2152:Rapids
2094:Strath
2064:Ravine
1989:Canyon
1744:Geyser
1675:Coulee
1660:Bourne
1655:Arroyo
1558:Rivers
1542:Rivers
1475:Source
1442:
1236:
1196:
894:well,
801:Dublin
773:Source
769:Source
734:- and
714:) and
641:Brigid
625:Source
530:ayazma
526:Turkey
475:Antony
467:Egeria
447:Europe
384:Wookey
369:nymphs
311:saints
231:ritual
203:spring
2558:Levee
2543:Flume
2498:Canal
2242:Flood
2162:Shoal
2029:Gully
2024:Gulch
1994:Chine
1979:Bayou
1836:Armor
1788:Ponor
1563:lists
896:Orune
720:Wales
652:Celts
587:pagan
538:Greek
459:Moses
416:Roman
357:Greek
257:Names
245:. In
219:saint
211:pagan
197:is a
164:Coole
81:DeepL
2588:Weir
2553:Leat
2217:and
2109:Wadi
2069:Rill
2034:Glen
2019:Gill
1969:Bank
1811:and
1776:list
1759:list
1730:list
1665:Burn
1548:and
1440:ISBN
1247:2017
1234:ISBN
1194:ISBN
791:the
748:Kent
632:monk
609:and
581:The
508:spas
424:Bath
418:and
345:, a
343:Rome
341:and
239:pray
233:and
199:well
112:must
110:You
74:View
2508:Dam
1974:Bar
1949:Ait
863:at
742:at
726:at
619:'s
532:in
398:or
351:or
337:In
297:'s
209:or
193:or
177:at
83:or
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