199:
322:
the copper by brown paper which was trapped under the nail head. The copper had been delivered to the dockyard wrapped in the paper which was not removed before the sheets were nailed to the hull. The obvious conclusion therefore, and the one which had been highlighted in a separate report to the
Admiralty in as early as 1763, was that iron should not be allowed direct contact with copper in a sea water environment if severe corrosion of the iron was to be avoided. Later ships were designed with this in mind. The Admiralty had largely suspended the programme of fitting ships with copper sheathing after the 1763 report, and had not shown any further interest in developing effective copper sheathing until 1775. In the meantime the copper sheathing was removed from
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gained another reward, when his son – a young naval officer – was captured on board a frigate at the end of a battle in 1780 and taken to
England. There, the British Admiralty sent him back to France without requiring a prisoner-exchange, after having authorised him to choose three other French naval
454:
I was twenty-four hours in the Bay of
Marseilles, about a fortnight ago; just time enough to receive the warm embraces of the man to whose bravery and friendship I had, some months before, been indebted for my reputation, the preservation of the lives of the people under my command, and of the Alarm.
398:
Sir, the quality of the service which you have rendered to the frigate Alarm gives rise to the noble envy and admiration of the
English. Your courage, your prudence, your intelligence, your talents have merited a crown on your efforts from Providence. Success has been your reward, but we pray you to
321:
was resurveyed. It was soon discovered that the sheathing had become detached from the hull in many places because the iron nails which had been used to fasten the copper to the timbers had been "much rotted". Closer inspection revealed that some nails, which were less corroded, were insulated from
431:
Georgio-Renato
Pleville Le Pelley, nobili normano Grandivillensi, navis bellicœ portusque Massiliensis pro prœfecto, ob navim regiam in litiore gallico pericli – tantem virtute diligentiâque suâ servatam septem vin rei navalis Britannicœ. M.DCCLXX. ( to Georges-René Pléville Le Pelley, noble
441:
Thinking that he could not receive a gift from a foreign sovereign, de Pléville only accepted the urn after having been duly authorised to do so by the king of France. Jervis was also extremely grateful to de Pléville, and eager for the chance to reward him. He wrote to his sister from
305:
was beached in order to examine the effects of the experiment. The copper had performed very well in protecting the hull from invasion by worm, and in preventing the growth of weed, for when in contact with water, the copper produced a poisonous film, composed mainly of
436:
of
Granville, commander of a warship and of the port of Marseilles, because he saved from destruction a Royal Navy vessel which was about to be lost on the French coast – the seven lords of the British Admiralty this the great courage and diligence he showed.
310:, that deterred these marine creatures. Furthermore, as this film was slightly soluble it gradually washed away, leaving no way in which marine life could attach itself to the ship. Satisfied that the copper had had the desired effect, the
385:
had already almost heeled over many times, and began to run aground. Pléville ordered a manœuvre that got her afloat again and brought her into harbour at
Marseilles. In gratitude for Pléville's actions, the
670:
had been commissioned as a privateer in
February 1794 at Bordeaux. She was sold at Guadeloupe in June, and recommissioned there in July as a privateer. The French Navy requisitioned her in early 1795.
399:
accept as a homage rendered to your merit and as a pledge of our esteem and recognition, that which captain Jervis is charged with rendering back to you. In the name and order of my lords, Stephans
581:, of 18 guns and 124 men, was under the command of Don Barber. She was sailing from Porto Rico to Trinidada and was carrying 80,335 dollars and provisions for the government at Trinidada.
381:
amongst boulders, and was in imminent danger of breaking up. Pléville quickly mustered the harbour pilots and rushed to the relief of the
English. By the time he was able to board her,
467:
The
Admiralty were also greatly pleased by Jervis' actions in this matter, allowing his further promotion. From 1771 to May 1772, the ship became the "home" of the
468:
1093:
1079:
279:, where she experimentally had her hull sheathed in a thin layer of copper. Firstly it was intended to reduce the considerable damage caused by the
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198:
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427:, and had the following inscription, intended to preserve the memory of the event which had merited the present:
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509:
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704:
535:
and both sides were unaware that peace had been ratified over a month before. After a short battle between
346:
129:
691:
326:, and several other test vessels until an effective solution to the corrosion problem could be developed.
613:
750:
492:
250:
283:, and secondly the well-established toxic property of copper was expected to lessen the speed-killing
522:
423:. Remarkable in its elegance of form and high level of finish and workmanship, this vase bore the
897:
734:
1100:
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in the head-money that was finally paid in March 1829, for the capture of a Spanish gunboat,
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605:
570:, under the command of Captain Fellowes, was cruising off Grenada when she encountered the
424:
8:
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continued in service for a number of years, finally being broken up in September 1812 at
515:
232:
109:
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259:
in 1761, she was the first ship in the Royal Navy to have a fully copper-sheathed hull.
873:
842:
628:
420:
245:, and was the first Royal Navy ship to bear this name. She was built at King's Yard in
1114:
1058:
984:
968:
950:
935:
920:
902:
387:
311:
981:
French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates
898:
Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy
1139:
1107:
1086:
1065:
500:
256:
155:
1044:
1033:
723:
118:
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280:
215:
917:
The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850.
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had been battered by a storm in the evening and ran aground on the coast of
333:, from 1769 onwards. He sailed for the Mediterranean in May and arrived in
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170:
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You would have felt infinite pleasure at the scene of our interview.
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On the return voyage to England, on 6 April 1770, she was saved by
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32:
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and brown paper, and then covered with a layer of copper plates.
246:
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78:
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back to Marseilles in December to deliver a letter which read
601:
459:
Ten years later, de Pléville's devotion to the safety of the
334:
295:
294:
s hull was first covered with soft stuff, which was hair,
408:
547:
did not herself actively participate in the engagement.
998:
Biography: John Jervis at the Royal Navy Museum website
491:
was involved in one of the last naval battles of the
314:
introduced copper sheathing on a number of frigates.
267:
612:was among the vessels of the British flotilla that
415:and other maritime attributes, with a model of the
747:"On the Preservation of the Bottom of Iron Ships"
329:Later in her career she was commanded by a young
1169:
353:from November 1765 to July 1772, in the post of
301:After a two-year deployment to the West Indies,
978:
824:
891:
514:intercepted two American vessels, the frigate
287:growth which always occurred on ships' hulls.
901:(Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing.
550:
419:, and a richly engraved lid surmounted by a
349:to serve at sea. Samuel Hood served aboard
979:Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015).
1157:List of frigate classes of the Royal Navy
479:then returned to England for paying off.
40:conducting a Spanish prize into Gibraltar
1026:
867:
836:
815:The Earl of St. Vincent, G.C.B. & C.
197:
186:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
787:
527:. The American ships were transporting
1170:
949:, Conway Maritime Press, London 1993.
934:, Conway Maritime Press, London 1992.
1025:
604:'s declaration of war on the side of
345:, and one of the many members of the
341:at this time was Samuel Hood, son of
50:
967:, Seaforth Publishing, London 2007.
811:Memoirs of the Admiral the Right Hon
963:British Warships in the Age of Sail
772:History of HMS Pallas and her class
147:35 ft 6 in (10.82 m)
13:
651:having spent 64 years in service.
600:'s neutrality, so contributing to
14:
1204:
1003:
367:Georges René Le Peley de Pléville
268:Experiments with copper sheathing
1009:
877:. 24 February 1829. p. 353.
555:On 5 May 1795, off Puerto Rico,
275:initially saw deployment in the
51:
31:
861:
850:
830:
661:
471:, who was spending time in the
167:Upperdeck: 26 Ă— 12-pounder guns
805:
776:
765:
739:
728:
710:
698:
684:
635:Nuestra Senora del Corvodorvya
482:
214:off Havana on 2 June 1762, by
210:by the Royal Navy frigate HMS
1:
919:Conway Maritime Press, 2003.
885:
825:Winfield & Roberts (2015)
563:, of sixteen 4-pounder guns.
202:Capture of the Spanish ships
677:
360:
7:
403:The present was a piece of
10:
1209:
1193:Maritime incidents in 1770
1178:Frigates of the Royal Navy
783:History of the Hood family
735:Historic corrosion lessons
692:"John Barnard (1705-1784)"
493:American Revolutionary War
262:
18:
1151:
1125:
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551:French Revolutionary Wars
543:, the Americans escaped.
464:officers to go with him.
411:, on which were engraved
100:
45:
30:
16:Frigate of the Royal Navy
654:
641:), on 25 November 1799.
337:on 7 September. Aboard
96:Broken up September 1812
983:. Seaforth Publishing.
895:; Warlow, Ben (2006) .
619:
475:because of ill health.
369:from being wrecked off
139:125 ft (38 m)
101:General characteristics
1183:Ships built in Harwich
1016:HMS Alarm (ship, 1758)
801:(3568). 17 April 1770.
572:Spanish corvette
457:
439:
401:
219:
195:
947:The Sailing Navy List
452:
450:on 27 December 1770:
429:
396:
201:
190:
1018:at Wikimedia Commons
606:Revolutionary France
566:On 23 November 1796
425:English Coat of Arms
179:: 2 Ă— 6-pounder guns
173:: 4 Ă— 6-pounder guns
722:18 May 2011 at the
608:. In February 1797
932:The First Frigates
874:The London Gazette
843:The London Gazette
707:, Global Security.
577:and captured her.
559:sank the corvette
533:Continental forces
521:and the transport
469:Duke of Gloucester
407:in the form of an
220:
196:
1165:
1164:
1014:Media related to
990:978-1-84832-204-2
973:978-1-84415-700-6
930:Robert Gardiner,
908:978-1-86176-281-8
614:captured Trinidad
487:On 9 March 1783,
185:
184:
88:19 September 1758
1200:
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879:
878:
865:
859:
857:Trinidad history
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846:. 25 March 1797.
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749:. Archived from
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705:Copper sheathing
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390:sent Jervis and
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156:Full-rigged ship
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191:Lines Plan for
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1004:External links
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989:
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965:, 1714 to 1792
960:Rif Winfield,
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915:Brian Lavery,
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799:Lloyd's List
798:
795:"(untitled)"
789:
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755:. Retrieved
751:the original
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627:shared with
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125:Tons burthen
110:
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25:
869:"No. 18553"
838:"No. 13996"
757:17 November
483:Off America
347:Hood family
331:John Jervis
308:oxychloride
277:West Indies
1188:1758 ships
1172:Categories
1102:Winchelsea
886:References
649:Portsmouth
505:, and the
405:silverware
371:Marseilles
243:Royal Navy
230:fifth-rate
116:fifth-rate
1140:HMS
678:Citations
639:Asturiana
592:In 1796,
516:USS
388:Admiralty
361:Near loss
312:Admiralty
152:Sail plan
77:Barnard,
21:HMS Alarm
1074:Montreal
1034:frigates
720:Archived
598:Trinidad
541:Alliance
518:Alliance
413:dolphins
379:Provence
317:In 1776
285:barnacle
162:Armament
85:Launched
1095:Emerald
668:Liberté
637:(alias
630:Amphion
561:Liberté
531:to the
529:bullion
495:, when
263:History
247:Harwich
241:of the
239:frigate
119:frigate
79:Harwich
74:Builder
46:History
1116:Aurora
1081:Quebec
1060:Aeolus
1031:-class
987:
971:
953:
938:
923:
905:
511:Tobago
434:Norman
421:triton
355:purser
236:-class
208:Phenix
204:Thetis
136:Length
113:-class
1142:Tweed
1134:class
1132:Venus
1109:Glory
1088:Pearl
1067:Niger
1053:Alarm
1029:Niger
655:Notes
645:Alarm
625:Alarm
610:Alarm
602:Spain
594:Alarm
587:Galgo
585:took
583:Alarm
579:Galgo
574:Galgo
568:Alarm
557:Alarm
545:Alarm
537:Sibyl
502:Sibyl
497:Alarm
489:Alarm
477:Alarm
461:Alarm
448:Mahon
444:Alarm
437:1770)
417:Alarm
392:Alarm
383:Alarm
375:Alarm
351:Alarm
339:Alarm
335:Genoa
324:Alarm
319:Alarm
303:Alarm
292:'
289:Alarm
273:Alarm
234:Niger
225:Alarm
212:Alarm
193:Alarm
111:Niger
68:Alarm
38:Alarm
1155:See
1046:Stag
985:ISBN
969:ISBN
951:ISBN
936:ISBN
921:ISBN
903:ISBN
759:2007
620:Fate
539:and
296:yarn
223:HMS
206:and
144:Beam
128:683
93:Fate
66:HMS
63:Name
409:urn
249:by
1174::
871:.
840:.
797:.
616:.
499:,
373:.
357:.
253:.
177:Fc
171:QD
130:bm
993:.
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957:.
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911:.
813:r
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694:.
218:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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